Miniature antenna

Abstract

Resonator antenna with split open loop (1b) comprising: a first electrically connected open loop structure (3), wherein the first electrically connected open loop structure comprises a first gap (5); a second electrically connected open loop structure (7), wherein the second electrically connected open loop structure comprises a second gap (9); wherein the first electrically connected open loop structure (3) comprises at least a first principal structure, which is a section of a first open loop with a first form of an open loop, and a first auxiliary structure, which is a further section of the first open loop, wherein the second electrically connected open loop structure (7) comprises at least a second principal structure, wherein the first principal structure is arranged in a first plane of several planes, wherein the first auxiliary structure is arranged in a second plane of several planes, which is different from the first plane, wherein the several planes are parallel to each other and the first principal structure is electrically connected to the first auxiliary structure, wherein the first principal structure and the first auxiliary structure are arranged such that when they are projected onto a first common plane, which is parallel to the first and the second plane,at least the first form of an open loop with the first gap, and , wherein the first electrically connected open loop structure (3) and / or the second electrically connected open loop structure (7) includes a slot for impedance matching (15).

Description

Field of invention

[0001] The invention relates to miniature antennas and in particular to antennas that are printed in a small electrical size on a printed circuit board (PCB). Background of the invention

[0002] Antennas are used in telecommunications applications to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves, or both. There are several types of antennas, such as monopole antennas, dipole antennas, inverted F-antennas, and split-ring resonators (also known as zeroth-order (ZOR) resonators), etc.

[0003] Fig. Figure 1 shows a known split-ring resonator antenna 1a. The split-ring resonator antenna 1a of Fig. 1 comprises an inner ring 7 and an outer ring 3, wherein the inner ring 7 has a gap 9 and the outer ring 3 has a gap 5. The gap ring resonator antenna 1a of Fig. 1 also includes a slot 15 which can be used for impedance matching and a connection to a feed line 17.

[0004] The size of an antenna is proportional to the wavelength λ of the frequency at which the antenna is to be operated (receive / transmit). There is an optimal antenna size at which it exhibits its best performance. Reducing the antenna size results in a loss of performance, especially with regard to the antenna's radiation efficiency and the usable frequency bandwidth.

[0005] Several techniques are known for reducing the size of an antenna while simultaneously minimizing performance losses. For example, a mirror image of half the antenna can be created by using a ground plane. Another technique is based on optimizing the antenna geometry, for instance, by three-dimensional folding. The antenna size reduction techniques used are generally frequency-sensitive, meaning they will decrease the antenna's bandwidth and increase resistance losses due to the higher concentration of currents.

[0006] “A compact MIMO Antenna using ZOR Split Ring Resonator Radiators with a decoupling Structure” by Seongryong Yoo and Sungtek Kahng reveals a split ring resonator antenna.

[0007] US 2012 / 0 212 389 A1 discloses a multiple antenna unit comprising a first antenna element, a second antenna element, and an ungrounded passive element located between the first and second antenna elements. The passive element comprises a first section located on a front surface of a substrate and an extension section connected to the first section and extending perpendicular to the front surface of the substrate.

[0008] US 2015 / 0 162 666 A1 discloses an antenna comprising at least two radiating arm structures made of, or bounded by, a conductor, superconducting, or semiconductor material. The two arms are coupled by a region on the first and second superconducting arms, such that the combined structure forms a small antenna with broadband, multiband, or a combination thereof. Summary of the invention

[0009] In a first aspect, the invention provides a split open-loop resonator antenna comprising the following: a first electrically connected open loop structure, wherein the first electrically connected open loop structure comprises a first gap; a second electrically connected open loop structure, wherein the second electrically connected open loop structure includes a second gap; wherein the first electrically connected open-loop structure comprises at least a first principal structure, which is a section of a first open loop with a first open-loop shape, and a first auxiliary structure, which is a further section of the first open loop, wherein the second electrically connected open-loop structure comprises at least a second principal structure, wherein the first principal structure is arranged in a first plane of several planes, wherein the first auxiliary structure is arranged in a second plane of several planes, which is different from the first plane, wherein the several planes are parallel to each other, and wherein the first principal structure is electrically connected to the first auxiliary structure, and wherein the first principal structure and the first auxiliary structure are arranged such that when projected onto a first equal plane, which is parallel to the first and the second plane,Cover at least the first form of an open loop with the first gap.

[0010] This results in separate sections of at least one open loop of the antenna being arranged on at least two different planes. This allows for a more compact antenna design while still maintaining good antenna performance. Due to the gap-ring resonator structure and the three-dimensional folding on at least two different planes, the antenna can be smaller. It also exhibits a higher radiation efficiency compared to other miniaturized designs based on full-size antennas. Furthermore, it enables the antenna to have a wide frequency band while simultaneously reducing its size. Unfolding at least one of the antenna's open loops on at least two different planes also provides an antenna whose performance is less dependent on the size of the antenna's ground plane.

[0011] The second main structure can be a section of a second open loop with a second form of an open loop and be arranged in a third plane of the multiple planes, which can coincide with the first plane, wherein the second electrically connected open loop structure comprises at least a second auxiliary structure, which is a further section of the second open loop, wherein the second auxiliary structure is arranged in a fourth plane of the multiple planes, which can coincide with the second plane, and the second main structure is electrically connected to the second auxiliary structure, wherein the second main structure and the second auxiliary structure are arranged such that, when projected onto a second identical plane parallel to the third and fourth planes, they cover at least the second form of an open loop with the second gap.

[0012] In this way, both rings of the antenna, the outer and the inner open loop, have different sections arranged on at least two different planes, thus providing an even more compact design. Therefore, the same performance in terms of radiation and bandwidth can be achieved with a smaller antenna.

[0013] The split open loop resonator antenna can further comprise a dielectric substrate such that the first and second main structures are arranged on the dielectric substrate and the first auxiliary structure is arranged on the dielectric substrate.

[0014] The dielectric substrate can contain a material with a high dielectric constant.

[0015] This allows for a compact antenna design. The antenna size decreases inversely proportional to the square root of the dielectric constant of the substrate on which the antenna is mounted. Therefore, by using materials with a higher dielectric constant, the antenna size can be reduced even further.

[0016] The first electrically connected open loop structure may further comprise at least one first extension structure extending from the first electrically connected open loop structure and designed to function as a first spur line.

[0017] The second electrically connected open loop structure may further comprise at least one second extension structure extending from the second electrically connected open loop structure and designed to function as a second spur line.

[0018] This improves the antenna's frequency tuning. The antenna's resonant frequency can be changed by varying the size of the stub lines. The stub lines are designed as extensions of the two split open loops. This allows for a compact antenna design with the stub lines.

[0019] The first electrically connected open loop structure can include a slot for impedance matching.

[0020] The second electrically connected open loop structure may include a slot for impedance matching.

[0021] By changing the slot length, it is possible to fine-tune the antenna impedance. This provides an efficient method of impedance matching. Adjusting the slot length also allows the bandwidth to be changed relative to the antenna's efficiency. By altering the slot length, the antenna can be made more efficient with a narrower bandwidth or less efficient with a wider bandwidth. In this way, it is possible to increase the bandwidth at the expense of efficiency, and vice versa.

[0022] The first electrically connected open loop structure and / or the second electrically connected open loop structure can have a ring-shaped form.

[0023] This is a suitable shape for the open loops of the antenna.

[0024] The first main structure can comprise a first main element, a second main element, and a third main element, wherein the first main element, the second main element, and the third main element are electrically connected, the first main element and the third main element being parallel to each other, the second main element being perpendicular to both the first main element and the third main element, such that the first main element, the second main element, and the third main element form a U-shaped structure, the first auxiliary structure comprising at least one first auxiliary element and at least one second auxiliary element arranged to define the first gap, the first auxiliary element and the second auxiliary element each being connected to the first main element and the third main element respectively by a first auxiliary element and a second auxiliary element, both extending from the first plane to the second plane.are electrically connected.

[0025] The second main structure can comprise at least one fourth main element and at least one fifth main element, wherein the at least one fourth main element and the at least one fifth main element are parallel to each other, and the second auxiliary structure comprises at least one third auxiliary element and at least one fourth auxiliary element, wherein the at least one fourth auxiliary element comprises sub-elements designed to define the second gap, wherein the at least one third auxiliary element and the at least one fourth auxiliary element are parallel to each other, and wherein the at least one third auxiliary element and the fourth auxiliary element are perpendicular to the at least one fourth main element and the at least one fifth main element.wherein the at least one fourth main element is electrically connected to the at least one third auxiliary element and the at least one fourth auxiliary element by a third auxiliary structure and a fourth auxiliary structure, and the at least one fifth main element is electrically connected to the at least one third auxiliary element and the at least one fourth auxiliary element by a fifth auxiliary structure and a sixth auxiliary structure.

[0026] The antenna is based on the split-ring resonator structure, also known as a zero-order resonator. The key feature of this structure is its ability to maintain resonances at frequencies significantly lower than those dictated by its size. This property can be used to further reduce the antenna size. The challenge lies in finding the right balance between a wide matching frequency band and high radiated power (radiation efficiency). This is a quality factor for electrically small antennas and is given by the product bandwidth * efficiency (BW * Eff product). The split open loops must be placed on at least two different PCB layers and at a minimum distance to ensure tight coupling. Vias or auxiliary structures can be used to alternatively position the open loops on the PCB layers.

[0027] Experts in the field will understand that the features described above can be combined in any way deemed useful. Brief description of the drawings

[0028] The following section explains aspects of the invention with reference to the drawings and by means of examples. The drawings are schematic and may not be to scale.

[0029] The features and effects of the present invention are described in more detail below with reference to the drawings, which show preferred and exemplary embodiments of the invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other alternatives and equivalent embodiments of the invention can be conceived and implemented without departing from the scope of the present invention. The scope is limited only by the appended claims and their technical equivalents. Fig. Figure 1 shows a well-known split-ring resonator antenna. Fig. Figure 2 shows a front view of a three-dimensionally folded split-ring resonator antenna according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. Figure 3 shows a rear view of the three-dimensionally folded resonator antenna with a split open loop. Fig. 2. Fig. Figure 4 shows a front projection of a three-dimensionally folded resonator antenna with a split open loop according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. Figure 5 shows a back projection of a three-dimensionally folded resonator antenna with a split open loop according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. Figure 6A shows a three-dimensionally folded resonator antenna with a split open loop inside a dielectric block according to the invention. Fig. Figure 6B shows the dielectric block that forms the three-dimensionally folded split open-loop resonator antenna. Fig. 6A contains, and an IC radio is located in the same assembly. Fig. 7 and Fig. Figure 8 shows simulation results for the three-dimensionally folded resonator antenna with a split open loop, mounted on a printed circuit board of Fig. 6A is printed, and compare a meander F-antenna. Fig. 9 and Fig. Figure 10 shows simulation results of the three-dimensionally folded resonator antenna with split open loop by Fig. 6A. Fig. 11 is a block diagram of the electronic device of Fig. 6B. Detailed description of the embodiments

[0030] The examples and embodiments described here serve to illustrate the invention rather than to limit it. Those skilled in the art will be able to develop alternative embodiments without deviating from the scope of the claims. Reference numerals enclosed in parentheses in the claims are not to be interpreted as limiting the scope of the claims. Elements described in the claims or the description as separate units may be implemented as one or more hardware elements that combine the features of the described elements.

[0031] It should be understood that the invention is limited exclusively by the attached claims and their technical equivalents. In this document and its claims, the verb "to include" and its conjugations are used in their non-restrictive sense, meaning that elements following the word are included without excluding elements not specifically mentioned. Furthermore, unless the context clearly requires that only one element be present, the reference to an element by the indefinite article "a," "an," or "one" does not preclude the possibility that more than one element is present. The indefinite article "a," "an," or "one" therefore generally means "at least one," "at least one," or "at least one," respectively.

[0032] Fig. Figures 2-5 show different views of the three-dimensionally folded resonator antenna 1b with split open loop.

[0033] In Fig. In sections 2-5, the same reference symbols refer to the same features.

[0034] Fig. Figure 2 shows a front view of a three-dimensionally folded resonator antenna 1b with a split open loop according to an embodiment of the invention. The resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 comprises an inner open loop and an outer open loop, each folded three-dimensionally. The inner open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 comprises separate parts that are electrically connected to each other. The outer open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 comprises separate parts that are electrically connected to each other. The outer open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 includes a slit 5. The inner open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 includes a gap 9.

[0035] The resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 is connected to a feed line 17 to feed the split open-loop resonator antenna 1b with suitable electrical signals from a transmitter connected to the antenna, or to feed signals received by the antenna to a receiver to which the antenna is connected. The split open-loop resonator antenna 1b of Fig. 2 can be connected to a ground.

[0036] The parts of the inner open loop and the parts of the outer open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can be arranged in at least two different planes. The at least two different planes can be parallel to each other. The parts of the inner open loop and the parts of the outer open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can be arranged in any number of suitable different planes, which are also parallel to each other (not shown). Another possibility is that only the parts of the inner open loop or the parts of the outer open loop of the split open loop resonator antenna 1b are used. Fig. 2 are arranged in at least two different planes. For example, the inner open loop of resonator antenna 1b can be a split open loop of Fig. 2. The outer open loop may be arranged entirely in only one plane, while parts of it may be arranged in two different planes or in another number of suitable different planes. On the other hand, the outer open loop of resonator antenna 1b can be a split open loop of Fig. The inner open loop can be entirely arranged in only one plane, while parts of the inner open loop are arranged in two different planes, or any other suitable number of different planes. The inner open loop can be entirely arranged in only one plane, while parts of the outer open loop are arranged in two different planes, distinct from the plane in which the inner open loop is arranged. The outer open loop can be entirely arranged in only one plane, while parts of the inner open loop are arranged in two different planes, distinct from the plane in which the outer open loop is arranged.

[0037] The first electrically connected open loop structure and / or the second electrically connected open loop structure can have an annular shape. The first electrically connected open loop structure and / or the second electrically connected open loop structure can have a ring shape. The first electrically connected open loop structure and / or the second electrically connected open loop structure can have an oval shape. The first electrically connected open loop structure and / or the second electrically connected open loop structure can have a square shape. The first electrically connected open loop structure and / or the second electrically connected open loop structure can have a rectangular shape. The first electrically connected open loop structure and / or the second electrically connected open loop structure can have an annular shape.The first electrically connected open loop structure and / or the second electrically connected open loop structure can comprise any other suitable open loop shape. The first electrically connected open loop structure and / or the second electrically connected open loop structure can comprise any suitable combination of shapes. For example, the first electrically connected open loop structure and / or the second electrically connected open loop structure can comprise a semi-circular shape, such that only the outer surface of the first electrically connected open loop structure and / or the outer surface of the second electrically connected open loop structure can comprise a ring shape.The first electrically connected open loop structure and / or the second electrically connected open loop structure may have a semi-ring shape, such that only the inside of the first electrically connected open loop structure and / or the inside of the second electrically connected open loop structure may have a ring shape.

[0038] The first electrically connected open loop structure and the second electrically connected open loop structure can be arranged such that when both are projected into a plane parallel to the multiple planes in which the first electrically connected open loop structure and the second electrically connected open loop structure are arranged, the first electrically connected open loop structure surrounds the second electrically connected open loop structure or vice versa.This means that the first electrically connected open loop structure and the second electrically connected open loop structure can be arranged such that, when projected onto a plane parallel to the multiple planes in which the first electrically connected open loop structure and the second electrically connected open loop structure are arranged, the first electrically connected open loop structure is embedded within the second electrically connected open loop structure, or vice versa. The first electrically connected open loop structure and the second electrically connected open loop structure can be concentric.

[0039] The outer open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can comprise a main structure arranged in a first plane. The main structure of the outer open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can comprise a first main element 21, a second main element 22, and a third main element 23, which are electrically connected to each other. The main structure of the outer open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can comprise any suitable number of elements. The first principal element 21 and the third principal element 23 of the outer open loop of the split open loop resonator antenna 1b of Fig. The two elements can be parallel to each other. The second main element 22 of the outer open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can be perpendicular to the first main element 21 and to the third main element 23, thus forming a U-shaped structure. The first main element 21, the second main element 22, and the third main element 23 of the outer open loop of the split open loop resonator antenna 1b Fig. 2 can be arranged in relation to each other in another suitable way.

[0040] The outer open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can include an additional structure in a second level that is different from the first level. The additional structure of the outer open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can comprise a first additional element 25 and a second additional element 27. The additional structure of the outer open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can comprise any suitable number of additional elements. The first additional element 25 and the second additional element 27 of the outer open loop of the split open loop resonator antenna 1b of Fig. 2 can be arranged such that they define the first slot 5. The first additional element 25 of the outer open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can be electrically connected to the first main element 21 by a first auxiliary element 28, which extends from the first level to the second level. The second auxiliary element 27 of the outer open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can be electrically connected to the third main element 23 by a second auxiliary element 29, which extends from the first level to the second level. The outer open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can comprise any suitable number of structures in a first layer and / or any suitable number of structures in a second layer that is different from the first layer. The outer open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can comprise any suitable number of structures distributed across any suitable number of distinct planes. Each of these structures can comprise any suitable number of elements. The elements can be electrically connected in any suitable manner by any suitable number of auxiliary structures extending from one plane to another.

[0041] The first principal structure of the outer open loop of the split-loop resonator antenna 1b can be a segment of a first open loop with a first open-loop form, and the first auxiliary structure of the outer open loop of the split-loop resonator antenna 1b can be another segment of the same first open loop, such that when projected onto a first plane parallel to the first and second planes, they cover at least the first open-loop form. The first open-loop form of the first open-loop can be an annular shape. The first open-loop form of the first open-loop can be a rectangular shape. The first open-loop form of the first open-loop can be a square shape.The first shape of an open loop can be an oval shape. The first shape of an open loop can be any other suitable shape. The first shape of an open loop can be any suitable combination of shapes. For example, the first shape of an open loop can be a semicircular shape, so that perhaps only the outside of the first shape of the open loop is a ring shape, while the inside of the first shape of the open loop can be a square shape.The first shape of an open loop of the first open loop can be a semi-circular shape, so that possibly only the inside of the first shape of an open loop of the first open loop is a ring-shaped shape, while the outside of the first shape of an open loop of the first open loop can be a square shape.

[0042] The outer open loop can include a slot 15. This slot 15 can be used for impedance matching of the antenna. By changing the length of the slot 15, the radiated power of the antenna can also be changed.

[0043] The inner open loop of resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can include a fourth main element 34 and a fifth main element 35, which are arranged in the first plane. The inner open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can comprise any suitable number of principal elements arranged in the first plane. The fourth principal element 34 and the fifth principal element 35 of the inner open loop of the split open loop resonator antenna 1b of Fig. Two can be parallel to each other. The inner open loop of resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can include a second additional structure arranged in the second level, which is different from the first level. The second additional structure of the inner open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can include a third additional element 36 and a fourth additional element 37. The second additional structure of the inner open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can comprise any other number of auxiliary elements arranged in a second plane that is different from the first plane. The fourth auxiliary element 37 can comprise sub-elements that define the second gap 9. The third auxiliary element 36 and the fourth auxiliary element 37 can be parallel to each other. The third auxiliary element 36 and the fourth auxiliary element 37 can be perpendicular to the fourth main element 34 and the fifth main element 35. The fourth main element 34 can be electrically connected to the third auxiliary element 36 by a third auxiliary structure 41 extending from the first plane to the second plane. The fourth main element 34 can be electrically connected to the fourth auxiliary element 37 by a fourth auxiliary structure 43 extending from the first plane to the second plane.The fifth main element 35 can be electrically connected to the third auxiliary element 36 by a fifth auxiliary structure 45 extending from the first level to the second level. The fifth main element 35 can be electrically connected to the fourth auxiliary element 37 by a sixth auxiliary structure 47 extending from the first level to the second level.

[0044] The main structure of the outer open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can comprise a sixth main element 60 and a seventh main element 62, which are arranged in the first plane. The first additional element 25 of the outer open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can be electrically connected to the sixth main element 60 by a seventh auxiliary element 42, which extends from the first level to the second level. The second auxiliary element 27 of the outer open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can be electrically connected to the seventh main element 62 by an eighth auxiliary element 44, which extends from the first level to the second level.

[0045] The inner open loop of resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can comprise an eighth main element 64 and a ninth main element 66, which are arranged in the first plane. The fourth additional element 37 of the inner open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can be electrically connected to the eighth main element 64 by a tenth auxiliary element 46, which extends from the first level to the second level. The fourth auxiliary element 37 of the inner open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can be electrically connected to the ninth main element 66 by an eleventh auxiliary element 48, which extends from the first level to the second level.

[0046] The main structure of the inner open loop of resonator antenna 1b can be a section of a second open loop with a second open loop shape, and the additional structure of the inner open loop of resonator antenna 1b with a split open loop can be another section of the same second open loop, such that when projected onto a second plane parallel to the first and second planes, they cover at least the second open loop shape. The second open loop shape of the second open loop can be an annular shape. The second open loop shape of the second open loop can be a rectangular shape. The second open loop shape of the second open loop can be a square shape.The second shape of an open loop can be an oval shape. The second shape of an open loop can be any other suitable shape. The second shape of an open loop can be any suitable combination of shapes. For example, the second shape of an open loop can be a semicircular shape, so that perhaps only the outside of the second shape of the open loop is a ring shape, while the inside of the second shape of the open loop can be a square shape.The second shape of an open loop of the second open loop can be a semi-circular shape, so that possibly only the inside of the second shape of an open loop of the second open loop is a ring-shaped shape, while the outside of the second shape of an open loop of the second open loop can be a square shape.

[0047] The inner open loop of resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can comprise one or any suitable number of elements in the first level and / or one or any suitable number of elements in the second level, arranged in any suitable manner.

[0048] The inner open loop of resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can comprise any suitable number of structures in a first layer and / or any number of suitable structures in a second layer that is different from the first layer. The inner open loop of the resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can comprise any suitable number of structures distributed across any suitable number of different planes. Each of these structures can comprise any suitable number of elements. The elements can be electrically connected in any suitable manner by any suitable number of auxiliary structures extending from one plane to another.

[0049] This design allows for separate sections of at least one open loop of the antenna to be arranged on at least two different planes. This enables a more compact antenna design while still maintaining good antenna performance. Due to the split-loop resonator structure and the three-dimensional deployment on at least two different planes, the antenna can be smaller. It also exhibits a higher radiation efficiency compared to other miniaturized designs based on full-size antennas. Furthermore, it allows the antenna to have a wide frequency band while simultaneously reducing its size. Deploying at least one of the antenna's open loops on at least two different planes also results in an antenna whose performance is less dependent on its mass.

[0050] The antenna's two open loops, the outer and inner loops, have different sections arranged on at least two different planes, resulting in an even more compact design. Therefore, the same performance in terms of radiation and bandwidth can be achieved with a smaller antenna.

[0051] The resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can comprise a stub line or any other suitable number of stub lines. The stub lines of the split open-loop resonator antenna 1b of Fig. Two of these can be used for impedance matching of the antenna. By varying the length of the stub lines, different impedances can be accommodated.

[0052] The resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can include a first stub line 50. The first stub line 50 can be an extension of the fifth main element 35. The first stub line 50 can be arranged in the same plane as the fifth main element 35. The resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can include a second stub line 51. The second stub line 51 can be an extension of the fourth main element 34. The second stub line 51 can be arranged in the same plane as the fourth main element 34. The resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can further comprise a third stub line 52. The third stub line 52 can be an extension of the first additional element 25. The resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2 can include a fourth stub line 53. The fourth stub line 53 can be an extension of the second additional element 27.

[0053] Fig. Figure 3 shows a rear view of the three-dimensionally folded resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2. The same reference symbols as in Fig. 2 are in Fig. 3 have been used to specify the same characteristics.

[0054] Fig. Figure 4 shows a front projection of the three-dimensionally folded resonator antenna 1b with a split open loop of Fig. 2. The same reference symbols as in Fig. 2 are in Fig. 4 was used to specify the same characteristics.

[0055] Fig. Figure 5 shows a back projection of the three-dimensionally folded resonator antenna 1b with a split open loop of Fig. 2. The same reference symbols as in Fig. 2 are in Fig. 5 was used to specify the same characteristics.

[0056] Fig. Figure 6A shows a three-dimensionally folded resonator antenna 1b with a split open loop within a dielectric block according to the invention. The same reference numerals as in Fig. 2 are in Fig. 6A has been used to specify the same characteristics. The dielectric block may contain a material with a high dielectric constant.

[0057] The three-dimensionally folded resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 6A has a height of 7 millimeters and a width of 9 millimeters. However, the three-dimensionally folded resonator antenna 1b with a split open loop can be of any suitable size. The dielectric block, which is in Fig. The dielectric block shown in 6A can be made from any suitable material with any suitable dielectric constant. Fig. Figure 6A shows that the substrate may include ceramic, glass-ceramic, aluminum oxide, or any other substrate with a high dielectric constant commonly used in HTCC and LTCC technologies to produce, for example, a ceramic antenna or custom-made symmetry elements.

[0058] This allows for a compact antenna design. The antenna size decreases inversely proportional to the square root of the dielectric constant of the substrate on which the antenna is mounted. Therefore, by using materials with a higher dielectric constant, the antenna size can be further reduced.

[0059] Fig. Figure 6B shows the dielectric block 84, which forms the three-dimensionally folded resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 6A contains, and an IC radio, which is located in the same assembly. In Fig. 6B comprises the dielectric block 84, which contains the three-dimensionally folded resonator antenna 1b with a split open loop, and the IC radio 82, arranged in the same assembly 80. The result is a radio and antenna solution with a single assembly 80, which can be used as a standalone component. The radio and antenna solution with a single assembly 80 can be mounted on a printed circuit board. The assembly 80 can be made of any other suitable material.

[0060] Fig. Figure 7 shows simulation results for the three-dimensionally folded resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 6 and a meandering F-antenna. In Fig. Figure 7 shows the horizontal axis representing the frequency at which the antennas are in resonance, in gigahertz. The vertical axis represents the parameter S11 in decibels. The results corresponding to the meander-F antenna are shown with a dashed line. The results corresponding to the three-dimensionally folded resonator antenna 1b with a split open loop are shown with a solid line. The parameter S11 is equal to the ratio between the power reflected by the antenna and the power delivered to the antenna. The meander-F antenna, which is shown in the Fig. The model used in the 7 simulations shown has a height of 7 millimeters and a width of 14 millimeters.

[0061] As in the Fig. The simulations shown in Figure 7 depict the measured frequency bandwidth at which the parameter S11 is below -10 decibels, after tuning for the three-dimensionally folded resonator antenna 1b with split open loop. Fig. 6,153 megahertz and for the meander F-antenna 121 megahertz.

[0062] Fig. Figure 8 shows simulation results for the three-dimensionally folded resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 6 and the meandering F-antenna, which is in the Fig. The simulations shown in section 7 are used. Fig. Figure 8 represents the frequency at which the antennas are in resonance, in megahertz, on the horizontal axis. The vertical axis represents the radiation efficiency in decibels.

[0063] The meandering F-antenna, which is used in the Fig. The model used in the 8 simulations shown has a height of 7 millimeters and a width of 14 millimeters.

[0064] Radiation efficiency is estimated by measuring the total radiative power in two orthogonal planes (DUT-horizontal and DUT-vertical) using both vertical and horizontal polarization.

[0065] As in the Fig. As shown in the 8 simulations, the three-dimensionally folded resonator antenna 1b with split open loop exhibits Fig. 6. A better radiation efficiency than the meander F-antenna for the frequencies shown. This comparison should be understood as relative, and the efficiency figures should not be interpreted as absolute values.

[0066] Fig. Figure 9 shows simulation results for the three-dimensionally folded resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 6. The antenna is tuned to 50 Ω using a π-network. Fig. Figure 9 shows the horizontal axis representing the antenna's frequency bandwidth. The frequency bandwidth is expressed as a percentage of the ISM band center frequency f0 = 2450 megahertz. The vertical axis represents the radiation efficiency.

[0067] The frequency bandwidth is measured around the resonance point for S11 = -10 dB.

[0068] The radiation efficiency is expressed as a percentage relative to a nominal power of 0 dBm or 1 mW. The radiation efficiency is calculated using CST Microwave Studio by integrating the 3D far-field structure. The efficiency shown below is the average value calculated using three frequency points: f1 = 2400 MHz, f2 = 2450 MHz, and f3 = 2500 MHz.

[0069] The antenna is based on the split-ring resonator structure, also known as a zero-order resonator. The key feature of this structure is its ability to maintain resonances at frequencies significantly lower than those dictated by its size. This property can be used to further reduce the antenna size. The challenge lies in finding the right balance between a wide matching frequency band and high radiated power (radiation efficiency). This is a quality factor for electrically small antennas and is given by the product bandwidth * efficiency (BW * Eff product). The split open loops must be placed on at least two different PCB layers and at a minimum distance to ensure tight coupling. Vias or auxiliary structures can be used to alternatively position the open loops on the PCB layers.

[0070] By changing the slot length, it is possible to fine-tune the antenna impedance. This provides an efficient method of impedance matching. Adjusting the slot length also allows the bandwidth to be changed relative to the antenna's efficiency. By altering the slot length, the antenna can be made more efficient with a narrower bandwidth or less efficient with a wider bandwidth. In this way, it is possible to increase the bandwidth at the expense of efficiency, and vice versa.

[0071] The following table corresponds to the simulation results of Fig. 9.

[0072] The first column of the table shows various lengths of the stub line in millimeters. The second column shows the corresponding frequency bandwidth. The third column shows the corresponding efficiency. The fourth column shows the product bandwidth * efficiency. The fifth column shows the corresponding quality factor Q. Schlitzlänge[mm] Bandbreite [%] Wirkungsgrad [%] BW*EFF-Produkt Q 4,1 8,6 30 0,0257 8,3 4,6 7,7 44 0,03388 9,2 6,1 5,7 56 0,03192 12,6 6,6 4,7 67 0,03149 15,0 7,6 4,1 75 0,03061 17,0

[0073] Fig. Figure 10 shows simulation results for the three-dimensionally folded resonator antenna 1b with split open loop of Fig. 2. In Fig. Figure 10 represents the horizontal axis as the spur line length in millimeters. The vertical axis represents the resonant frequency in megahertz.

[0074] The following table corresponds to the simulation results of Fig. 10. The left column of the table shows different lengths of the spur line in millimeters. The right column of the table shows the corresponding resonant frequencies in megahertz.

[0075] As shown in the table below and Fig. As can be seen in Figure 10, the antenna's resonant frequency can be changed by modifying the length of the stub lines. This improves the antenna's frequency tuning. The stub lines are designed as extensions of the two split open loops. This allows for a compact antenna design with the stub lines. Stichleitungslänge [mm] Resonanzfrequenz[MHz] 0,1 2545 0,3 2535 0,5 2525 0,7 2515 0,9 2505 1,1 2495 1,3 2486 1,5 2474 1,7 2460 1,9 2453

[0076] Fig. 11 is a block diagram of the electronic device of Fig. 6B.

[0077] With reference to Fig.11. The electronic device 100 can comprise a bus 112, a processor 102, a memory 104, an input and output interface 106, a display 108, and a communication interface 110. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the electronic device 100 can omit at least one of the elements (for example, the bus 112, the processor 102, the memory 104, the input and output interface 106, the display 108, and the communication interface 110) or can omit additional elements.

[0078] The bus 112 can include a circuit that connects the elements (for example, the bus 112, the processor 102, the memory 104, the input and output interface 106, the display 108 and the communication interface 110) and transmits communication (e.g., a control message and / or data) between the elements described above (for example, the bus 112, the processor 102, the memory 104, the input and output interface 106, the display 108 and the communication interface 110).

[0079] The Processor 102 can comprise a CPU, an Application Processor (AP), and / or a Communication Processor (CP). The Processor 102 can perform a calculation or process data related to the control and / or communication of at least one other element.

[0080] The memory 104 can comprise volatile and / or non-volatile memory. For example, the memory 104 can store memory instructions or data related to another element of the electronic device 100. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the memory 104 can store software and / or a program.

[0081] The input and output interface 106 can serve as an interface for sending commands or data, entered by a user or another external device, to one or more other elements of the electronic device 100. Additionally, the input and output interface 106 can output commands or data received from one or more other elements of the electronic device 100 to another external device.

[0082] The communication interface 110 can establish communication between the electronic device 100 and an external device. For example, the communication interface 110 can be connected to a network via wireless or wired communication.

[0083] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the communication interface 110 can comprise several modules that support multiple communication standards. The communication interface 110, which performs a function of sending and receiving signals, can be referred to as a transmitting unit, a receiving unit, a communication unit, or a transmit / receive unit (for example, a transceiver).

[0084] Wireless communication can use at least one of the following mobile communication protocols: Long Term Evolution (LTE), Enhanced LTE (LTE-A), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Broadband CDMA (WCDMA), a Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Wireless Broadband (WiBro), or a Global Mobile Communication System (GSM), etc. Wired communication can include at least one of the following: a Universal Serial Bus (USB), a High-Resolution Multimedia Interface (HDMI), a Recommended Standard 232 (RS-232), or a Simple Traditional Telephone Service (POTS). Network 162 can include a telecommunications network, such as a computer network (e.g., a LAN or a Wide Area Network (WAN)), the Internet, and / or a telephone network.

Claims

[1] Split open loop resonator antenna (1b) comprising: a first electrically connected open loop structure (3), wherein the first electrically connected open loop structure comprises a first gap (5); a second electrically connected open loop structure (7), wherein the second electrically connected open loop structure comprises a second gap (9); wherein the first electrically connected open loop structure (3) comprises at least a first principal structure, which is a section of a first open loop with a first form of an open loop, and a first auxiliary structure, which is a further section of the first open loop, wherein the second electrically connected open loop structure (7) comprises at least a second principal structure, wherein the first principal structure is arranged in a first plane of several planes, wherein the first auxiliary structure is arranged in a second plane of several planes, which is different from the first plane, wherein the several planes are parallel to each other and the first principal structure is electrically connected to the first auxiliary structure, wherein the first principal structure and the first auxiliary structure are arranged such that when they are projected onto a first common plane, which is parallel to the first and the second plane,at least the first form of an open loop with the first gap, and, wherein the first electrically connected open loop structure (3) and / or the second electrically connected open loop structure (7) includes a slot for impedance matching (15). [2] Split open loop resonator antenna (1b) according to claim 1, wherein the second main structure is a section of a second open loop with a second open loop shape and is arranged in a third plane of the multiple planes which may coincide with the first plane, wherein the second electrically connected open loop structure (7) comprises at least a second auxiliary structure which is a further section of the second open loop, wherein the second auxiliary structure is arranged in a fourth plane of the multiple planes which may coincide with the second plane, and the second main structure is electrically connected to the second auxiliary structure, wherein the second main structure and the second auxiliary structure are arranged such that when projected onto a second common plane which is parallel to the third and fourth planes,Cover at least the second form of an open loop with the second gap. [3] A split open loop resonator antenna (1b) according to claim 1, further comprising a dielectric substrate such that the first and second main structure and the first auxiliary structure are arranged on the dielectric substrate. [4] Split open loop resonator antenna (1b) according to claim 3, wherein the dielectric substrate comprises a material with a high dielectric constant. [5] Split open loop resonator antenna (1b) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first electrically connected open loop structure (3) further comprises at least one first extension structure extending from the first electrically connected open loop structure and designed to function as a first stub line. [6] Split open loop resonator antenna (1b) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the second electrically connected open loop structure (7) further comprises at least a second extension structure extending from the second electrically connected open loop structure and designed to function as a second stub line. [7] Split open loop resonator antenna (1b) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first electrically connected open loop structure (3) and / or the second electrically connected open loop structure (7) comprises a ring-shaped form. [8] Split open loop resonator antenna (1b) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first main structure comprises a first main element (21), a second main element (22) and a third main element (23), wherein the first main element (21), the second main element (22) and the third main element (23) are electrically connected, wherein the first main element (21) and the third main element (23) are parallel to each other, wherein the second main element (22) is perpendicular to the first main element (21) and the third main element (23) respectively, such that the first main element (21), the second main element (22) and the third main element (23) form a U-shaped structure, wherein the first auxiliary structure comprises at least a first auxiliary element (25) and at least a second auxiliary element (27) arranged to define the first slit (5),wherein the first auxiliary element (25) and the second auxiliary element (27) are each electrically connected to the first main element (21) and the third main element (23) by a first auxiliary element (28) and a second auxiliary element (29), both of which extend from the first level to the second level. [9] Split open loop resonator antenna (1b) according to claim 2 or according to any one of claims 3 to 8 in combination with claim 2, wherein the second main structure comprises at least one fourth main element (34) and at least one fifth main element (35), wherein the at least one fourth main element (34) and the at least one fifth main element (35) are parallel to each other, and the second auxiliary structure comprises at least one third auxiliary element (36) and at least one fourth auxiliary element (37), wherein the at least one fourth auxiliary element (37) comprises sub-elements configured to define the second slit (9), wherein the at least one third auxiliary element (36) and the at least one fourth auxiliary element (37) are parallel to each other, and wherein the at least one third auxiliary element (36) and the fourth auxiliary element (37) are perpendicular to the at least one fourth main element (34) and the at least one fifth main element (35).wherein the at least one fourth main element (34) is electrically connected to the at least one third auxiliary element (36) and the at least one fourth auxiliary element (37) by a third auxiliary structure (41) and a fourth auxiliary structure (42), and the at least one fifth main element (35) is electrically connected to the at least one third auxiliary element (36) and the at least one fourth auxiliary element (37) by a fifth auxiliary structure (45) and a sixth auxiliary structure (47). [10] Split open loop resonator antenna (1b) according to claim 1, comprising a dielectric substrate with a high dielectric constant. [11] Integrated circuit formed as a one-piece assembly comprising the split open loop resonator antenna (1b) according to claim 1. [12] Integrated circuit formed as a one-piece assembly comprising the split open loop resonator antenna (1b) according to claim 1 and a high-frequency circuit. [13] Method for providing a split open loop resonator antenna (1b) comprising the following steps: Providing a split open loop resonator antenna (1b) comprising: a first electrically connected open loop structure (3), wherein the first electrically connected open loop structure (3) comprises a first gap (5); a second electrically connected open loop structure (7), wherein the second electrically connected open loop structure (7) comprises a second gap (9); wherein the first electrically connected open loop structure (3) comprises at least a first principal structure, which is a section of a first open loop with a first open loop shape, and a first auxiliary structure, which is a further section of the first open loop, wherein the second electrically connected open loop structure (7) comprises at least a second principal structure, wherein the first principal structure is arranged in a first plane of several planes, wherein the first auxiliary structure is arranged in a second plane of several planes, which is different from the first plane, wherein the several planes are parallel to each other and the first principal structure is electrically connected to the first auxiliary structure, wherein the first principal structure and the first auxiliary structure are arranged such that when projected onto a first equal plane, which is parallel to the first and the second plane,at least the first form of an open loop with the first gap, and, wherein the first electrically connected open loop structure (3) and / or the second electrically connected open loop structure (7) includes a slot for impedance matching (15).

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