Mechanical power amplifier

Abstract

Mechanical power amplifier comprising a control element (8) and a source (16, 25) of rotational momentum energy, characterized by a universal self-centered system comprising an outer web (2) and a central web (1) which are located in a plane, wherein the outer web (2) surrounds the central web (1), three or more sprockets (9-14) are rotatably mounted on the outer web (2) and three or more sprockets (21-23) are rotatably mounted on the central web (1), wherein the sprockets (9-14, 21-23) of the central bridge (1) and the outer bridge (2) are sequentially connected by a closed chain (15), wherein the controlling element (8) changes a distance between the centers of rotation of the webs (1, 2) of the universal self-centered system, wherein the source (16, 25) of the rotational momentum energy is connected to one of the bridges (1, 2), and wherein an amplified signal from the control element (8) is transferred to a gear (20) of a delivery shaft (26) which has toothed engagement with transfer gears (17, 18, 19) which are mounted on chain gears (21, 22, 23) of the central web (1).

Description

Technical field

[0001] The invention relates to mechanical engineering, especially to mechanical transmissions. Technical background

[0002] Transmissions for stepless adjustment of the gear ratio, disclosed in DE 37 31 490 A1, DE 43 29 441 A1 and US 3 874 253 A, use one-way clutches or freewheels, in which a load transfer occurs for locking when the clutch is engaged.

[0003] A mechanical power amplifier is known which is constructed with one or more amplification cells kinematically connected to a drive. Each cell includes a leading and a driven plate, which are rigidly connected to an input shaft and an output shaft, respectively. The plates are movably connected to each other within the frame of each cell by means of a crossbeam that rotates about a point on a support and is divided by the support into a long and a short arm. The end of the long arm of the crossbeam is pivotally connected to the leading plate, and the end of the short arm of the crossbeam is pivotally connected to the driven plate (RU 147 947 U1). A disadvantage of this amplifier is that it can only convert the drive torque. It can only lose power.

[0004] A mechanical power amplifier is known that is equipped with an additional self-braking gearbox with drive. The gearbox is positioned between a main gearbox and a control motor and is also kinematically connected to them. The drive of the additional self-braking gearbox is provided by an intermediate power motor or a kinematic chain that connects this gearbox to a power motor. The control motor 1 is connected to a worm 2 of the additional self-braking gearbox, to whose worm wheel 3 the drive is connected. In one variant, the drive is ( Fig. 1) the intermediate power motor 4 is used, in another variant ( Fig. 2) the kinematic chain, which consists of conical gears 5 and 6 connected to the power motor 7 (SU 853 239 A1). A disadvantage of this mechanical power amplifier is the need to brake a controlled motor according to changes in the speed of the controlling motor.

[0005] One aim of the invention is to eliminate the need to brake a source of rotational momentum energy.

[0006] The stated objective is achieved by a mechanical power amplifier according to claim 1. In a mechanical analogue of a transistor, which includes a controlling element and a source of rotational momentum energy, a universal self-centering system is used, having an outer web and a central web lying in one plane, wherein the outer web surrounds the central web and three or more sprockets are rotatably mounted on each web, wherein the sprockets of the central web and the outer web are sequentially connected by a closed chain, and wherein the controlling element changes a distance between the centers of rotation of the webs of the universal self-centering system. The source of rotational momentum energy is connected to one of the webs.An amplified signal from the control element is transferred to a gear on an output shaft, which has toothed engagement with transfer gears mounted on sprockets of the central web of the universal self-centering system.

[0007] Universal self-centered systems are known from the RU 2014 106 630 A, RU 2014 106 628 A, RU 2014 106 627 A, RU 2014 106 146 A, RU 2013 2013 15 154 A, RU 2013 311 A, RU 2013 153 163 A, RU 2013 152 649 A, RU 2013 145 988 A, RU 2013 145 987 A, RU 2013 2013 RU 2013 144 445 A, RU 2013 144 444 A, RU 2013 142 690 A, RU 2013 142 204 A, RU 2013 142 203 A, DE 10 2013 019 629 A1, DE 10 2013, 1916 OF 10 2013 019 627 A1, OF 10 2013 019 593 A1, OF 10 2013 019 592 A1, OF 10 2013 019 404 A1, OF 10 2013 019 402 A1, OF 10 2013 2013 A1, OF 10 2012 018 131 A1, OF 10 2012 017 180 A1, OF 10 2012 016 380 A1, OF 10 2012 016 314 A1; OF 10 2012 013 308 A1, OF 10 2012 012 586 A1, OF 10 2012 002 076 A1, OF 10 2012 001 232 A1 und OF 10 2012 000 316 A1.

[0008] The universal self-centering systems have an outer and a medial foundation, both lying in the same plane. The outer foundation encloses the medial foundation. Three or more rollers, sprockets, or pulleys are rotatably mounted on each foundation. The number of rollers, pulleys, or sprockets on each foundation is identical. Each roller, pulley, or sprocket can be replaced by two rollers, pulleys, or sprockets to utilize a section of rope, belt, or chain between the rollers, pulleys, or sprockets for tensioning. The effect of the tensioning force on the section of rope, chain, or belt between the rollers, pulleys, or sprockets does not affect the properties of the universal self-centering system when located on a single foundation. The method of tensioning the belt, rope, or chain is known from RU 2013 147 711 A.The static properties of the universal self-centering system were used in the cited publications. In the present invention, one of the dynamic properties of a universal self-centering system is used: the joint rotation of the interconnected medial and outer foundations is possible even when the axes of rotation of the foundations do not coincide. This means that the medial and outer foundations each rotate with respect to one of the non-coincident axes of rotation when a driving torque acts on one of the foundations. In the following description, the chain sprockets and chain will be used.

[0009] To simplify the proof of the possibility of joint rotation of the foundations, a universal self-centered system is used below, based on Fig. Figure 9 shows the radius R100 of the sprockets 3, 4, 5, 21, 22, 23. The radius R100 of the sprockets 3, 4, 5, 21, 22, 23 is set to zero. The axes of a central web (medial foundation) 1 and an outer web (outer foundation) 2 have been offset by a factor of 20. Then the Fig. 9 has been converted into a scheme that is based on Fig. 10 is shown. On Fig. Figure 10 shows the universal self-centered system rotated by various angles. The length of the chain 15 remains constant. This means that there are no contradictions for realizing the rotation of the universal self-centered system. The displacement of the chain 15 occurs at a constant speed. This is facilitated by the fact that the sprockets 21, 22, 23 of the central web 1 can only rotate at a constant speed, since transfer gears are mounted on them, which transfer the rotation to a discharge shaft. Compensation for changes in the length of the chain segments between the sprockets 3, 4, 5 of the outer web 2 and the sprockets 21, 22, 23 of the central web 1 is achieved by a cyclic change in the rotational speed of the sprockets 3, 4, 5 of the outer web 2. Diagrams of the speed v2 of the chain 15 and the speeds of the sprockets 3, 4, 5 are shown in Figure 10. Fig. 11 shown.

[0010] To demonstrate the cyclical change in the rotational speed of the chain sprockets 3, 4, 5, the following are shown: Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 used. A starting point of the universal self-centered system is based on Fig. Figure 10 is shown at a rotation angle of zero degrees. For the rotation of the universal self-centering system, in the range 0° - 60°, the condition v5 < v4 ​​< v3 must be met, where v5 is the speed of sprocket 5, v4 is the speed of sprocket 4, and v3 is the speed of sprocket 3. The lengths of the chain 15 between sprockets 3-4 and 4-5 will increase; the length of the chain 15 between sprockets 5-3 will decrease. Similarly, in the range 60° - 120°, it is mandatory to meet the condition v4 < v5 < v3. In the range 120° - 180°, it is mandatory to meet the condition v4 < v3 < v5. In the range 180° - 240°, it is mandatory to meet the condition v3 < v4 ​​< v5. In the range 240° - 300°, it is mandatory to comply with the condition v3 < v5 < v4. In the range 300° - 360°, it is mandatory to comply with the condition v5 < v3 < v4.

[0011] These conditions can be met using a cycloidal geometry. Fig. Figure 11 shows diagrams of the changes in the speeds of sprockets 3, 4, and 5. Each sprocket has a cycloid. The cycloids 3a, 4a, and 5a of sprockets 3, 4, and 5 are offset from each other by an angle of 120°. At the points 0°, 120°, 240°, and 360°, the inequality sign changes for the sprockets located in the upper part of the cycloids. For example, upon passing the point 0°, the inequality v3 < v4 ​​changes to the inequality v3 > v4. The speeds of the sprockets located in the upper part of the cycloid are equal to each other. Vectors a, b, and c are tangential to sprockets 3, 4, and 5 and ensure the changes in speed according to the diagrams. Fig. 11. The speed of chain 15 is denoted by v2. The lowest speed of the sprockets 3, 4, 5 is denoted by v1. Brief description of the characters On Fig. Figure 1 shows a section of a mechanical power amplifier according to one embodiment. On Fig. Figure 2 shows the section of the mechanical power amplifier in isometric view. On Fig. Figure 3 shows an enlarged view of gears. On Fig. Figure 4 shows the mechanical power amplifier. On Fig. Figure 5 shows the mechanical power amplifier in a view from the side of a spring. On Fig. Figure 6 shows the cross-section of the mechanical power amplifier at the intersection of the axes of a central and an outer web. Fig. Figure 7 shows diagrams of the change in the speed of an output shaft and a displacement of a controlling element of the mechanical power amplifier. On Fig. Figure 8 shows the position of a spring when the axes of the webs do not meet. On Fig. Figure 9 presents a simplified universal self-centered system for proving a possibility of rotation. On Fig. Figure 10 shows diagrams of the rotation of the universal self-centered system by different angles. On Fig. Figure 11 shows diagrams of the change in speeds of sprocket teeth of an outer web and a chain. Embodiments of the invention

[0012] In a specific embodiment, a mechanical analogue of a transistor comprises a universal self-centering system consisting of a central web 1 and an outer web 2. On the central web 1, sprockets 21, 22, and 23 with transfer gears 17, 18, and 19 are rotatably mounted on axes 28. The transfer gears 17, 18, and 19 transmit a drive torque to an output shaft 26 via a gear 20 mounted on the output shaft 26. On the outer web 2, sprockets 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 are rotatably mounted. The sprockets 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 of the central web 1 and the outer web 2 are sequentially connected by a closed chain 15. The sprockets 9-10, 11-12, 13-14 on Fig. 6 correspond to sprockets 3, 4, 5 on Fig. 9. Between the sprockets 9-10, 11-12, and 13-14, tension sprockets 6 are connected to a spring 27. The central web 1 has an input shaft 16, and the outer web 2 has a sprocket 25, onto which a drive torque can be applied from an external source of rotational momentum energy. A bearing 31 separates the outer web 2 and a ring 24. A control slide 8 is connected to the ring 24 and is designed to displace the outer web 2 relative to the central web 1 and a body 7.

[0013] Diagram 29 in Fig. Figure 7 represents the displacement L of the control carriage 8 over time t. Diagram 30 in Fig.Figure 7 represents the change in velocity V of the output shaft 26 over time t. The force transmitted to the output shaft 26 is proportional to the force applied to one of the webs 1, 2. The energy required to control the control slide 8 is derived from the force necessary to overcome the resistance of the spring 27. The universal self-centering system functions as an overrunning clutch. The drive torque from the output shaft 26 is not transmitted to the webs 1 and 2 of the universal self-centering system, which allows the webs 1, 2 to rotate at a constant velocity. The velocity on the output shaft 26 changes accordingly with the displacement of the control slide 8. Reference symbol list 1 central footbridge (media foundation) 2 outer bridge (outer foundation) 3, 4, 5 sprockets on outer bridge 3a, 4a, 5a Cycloids of the chain sprockets 3, 4, 5 6 Tension sprocket 7 Corpus 8 control sleds 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 sprockets on outer bridge 15 closed chain 16 Input wave 17, 18, 19 Transfer gears 20 gear 21, 22, 23 sprockets on central bridge 24 rings 25 chainring 26th wave of releases 27 spring 28 axle 29, 30 diagrams 31 warehouses a, b, c vectors to sprocket 3, 4, 5 L Displacement of the control carriage R100 radius V Speed ​​of the discharge wave v1 lowest speed of the chain sprockets 3, 4, 5 v2 chain speed v3, v4, v5 Speeds of the chain sprockets 3, 4, 5

Claims

Mechanical power amplifier comprising a control element (8) and a source (16, 25) of rotational momentum energy, characterized by a universal self-centered system having an outer web (2) and a central web (1) lying in a plane, wherein the outer web (2) surrounds the central web (1), three or more sprockets (9-14) are rotatably mounted on the outer web (2) and three or more sprockets (21-23) are rotatably mounted on the central web (1), wherein the sprockets (9-14, 21-23) of the central web (1) and the outer web (2) are sequentially connected by a closed chain (15), wherein the control element (8) changes a distance between the centers of rotation of the webs (1, 2) of the universal self-centered system, wherein the source (16, 25) of the rotational momentum energy is connected to one of the webs (1, 2).and wherein an amplified signal from the control element (8) is transferred to a gear (20) of a delivery shaft (26) which has toothed engagement with transfer gears (17, 18, 19) which are mounted on chain gears (21, 22, 23) of the central web (1).

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