Device for reading data and vehicle pneumatic tires comprising the device

Abstract

Device for reading data, comprising a first, second, third and fourth layer, wherein - the first layer consists of a rubber mixture, - the second layer consists of one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of: polyester, polyamide and polyurethane, - the third layer comprises a transmitting and receiving component for reading data, - the fourth layer comprises at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of: polyester, polyamide and polyurethane and - the third layer is located between the fourth and second layers, whereby - the second layer is located between the first and third layers and - the entire surface of one side of the second layer rests against part of the surface of the first layer, wherein the device additionally comprises a fifth layer consisting of a rubber mixture, wherein - the fourth layer consists of one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of: polyester, polyamide and polyurethane, - the fourth layer is located between the fifth and third layers and - the entire surface of one side of the fourth layer rests against part of the surface of the fifth layer, wherein there is no adhesion promoter between the first and second layers of the device or between the fourth and fifth layers of the device, wherein the first and fifth layers of the device are a vulcanized rubber compound or a rubberized rubber compound, wherein the first layer of the device has an extent such that it projects beyond the second layer by at least 1 mm at each edge of the second layer, and the fifth layer of the device has an extent such that it projects beyond the fourth layer by at least 1 mm at each edge of the fourth layer.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a device for reading data, comprising a first, second, third, and fourth layer. The invention also relates to a pneumatic vehicle tire comprising the device.

[0002] In recent years, various sensors or transmitting and receiving components have increasingly been installed in tires to access various tire properties. The transmitting and receiving components must be installed in such a way that they do not interfere with the tire's proper operation. Furthermore, the transmitting and receiving components should, if possible, remain in a designated location in the tire.

[0003] In the rubber industry, we believe that a bonding agent is necessary for the installation of a transmitting and receiving component in a tire. However, bonding agents have several disadvantages, such as the fact that they contain hazardous chemicals and must be applied under increased safety requirements, or they represent an additional manufacturing step.

[0004] WO 2016060851 A1 discloses the use of various adhesion promoters for attaching a component to a tire. WO 2016 / 053933 A1 discloses identification labels and their integration into rubber-based articles.

[0005] One object underlying the invention is to provide a device that allows a transmitting and receiving component for reading data to be installed with sufficient adhesion between two rubber layers without the use of an adhesion promoter. Preferably, the two rubber layers should form part of a tire.

[0006] This object is achieved according to the invention by a device for reading out data, comprising a first, second, third and fourth layer, wherein - the first layer consists of a rubber mixture, - the second layer consists of one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of: polyester, polyamide and polyurethane, - the third layer comprises a transmitting and receiving component for reading data, - the fourth layer comprises at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of: polyester, polyamide and polyurethane and - the third layer is located between the fourth and second layers, whereby - the second layer is located between the first and third layers and - the entire surface of one side of the second layer rests against part of the surface of the first layer, wherein the device additionally comprises a fifth layer consisting of a rubber mixture, wherein - the fourth layer consists of one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of: polyester, polyamide and polyurethane, - the fourth layer is located between the fifth and third layers and - the entire surface of one side of the fourth layer rests against part of the surface of the fifth layer, wherein there is no adhesion promoter between the first and second layers of the device or between the fourth and fifth layers of the device, wherein the first and fifth layers of the device according to the invention are a vulcanized rubber mixture or a rubberized rubber mixture, wherein the first layer of the device has an extent such that it projects beyond the second layer by at least 1 mm at each edge of the second layer, and the fifth layer of the device has an extent such that it projects beyond the fourth layer by at least 1 mm at each edge of the fourth layer.

[0007] For the purposes of the present invention, the group of polymers consisting of polyester, polyamide, and polyurethane is referred to below as "film polymers." The term "film polymers" thus exclusively includes the polymer group specified above, consisting of polyester, polyamide, and polyurethane.

[0008] Surprisingly, our own investigations have revealed, contrary to the prevailing opinion, that film polymers can be used as an intermediate layer between a rubber layer and a transmitting and receiving component to be fixed in a tire. A particular advantage is that this can be achieved without the use of an adhesion promoter. This does not impair the proper operation of the tire. Without wishing to be bound by any scientific theory, it has been discovered within the scope of the present invention that the surface of the film polymer layers provides good adhesion to both the metal surfaces of a transmitting and receiving component and the surfaces of the vulcanized rubber compound or the rubberized rubber compound, thus eliminating the need for an adhesion promoter between these layers.

[0009] The invention is based on a transmitting and receiving component for a tire. The transmitting and receiving component has at least one transmitting subcomponent, at least one receiving subcomponent, and at least one memory subcomponent. The at least one transmitting subcomponent is suitable for transmitting signals, the at least one receiving subcomponent is suitable for receiving signals, and the at least one memory subcomponent is suitable for storing and reproducing information. The transmitting and receiving component is suitable for storing information. Furthermore, the transmitting and receiving component is suitable for passive or active readout via an external reading device. The information is, in particular, technical information about the tire on which the transmitting and receiving component is arranged.

[0010] The transmitting and receiving component is, in particular, an RFID device. RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification, i.e., identification using electromagnetic waves.

[0011] Preferred is a device as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein the total height of the second, third and fourth layers is less than 1 mm, preferably in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm.

[0012] Preferred is a device as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein both the length and the width of the second layer and both the length and the width of the fourth layer are less than 300 mm, preferably in the range of 10 mm to 250 mm. Particularly preferred is a device as described above, wherein both the length and the width of the third layer are less than 200 mm, preferably in the range of 5 mm to 160 mm. Width, length, and height are orthogonal to one another as usual. Most preferably, the second and fourth layers surround the third layer, so that the transmitting and receiving component for reading data is completely surrounded by the second layer and the fourth layer. The third layer can also consist exclusively of a transmitting and receiving component for reading data as described above or below. However, the third layer may consist of a film polymer and the transmitting and receiving component for reading out data, on which the transmitting and receiving component for reading out data are mounted. This has the advantage that the third layer has a certain degree of flexibility, which results in a longer service life for the function of the transmitting and receiving components for reading data.

[0013] The first and the fifth layers of the device according to the invention, consisting of a rubber mixture of the device according to the invention, can already be rubber layers of a tire known in the prior art, or they can serve as an additional intermediate rubber layer, which enables sufficient adhesion between the rubber layer of the tire and the second and fourth layers. According to the invention, the first and the fifth layers of the device according to the invention, described below, are a vulcanized rubber mixture or a rubberized rubber mixture.According to the invention, the first layer of the device according to the invention has such a dimension that it projects beyond the second layer at each edge of the second layer by at least 1 mm, particularly preferably by at least 10 mm, and according to the invention, the fifth layer of the device according to the invention described below has such a dimension that it projects beyond the fourth layer at each edge of the fourth layer by at least 1 mm, particularly preferably by at least 10 mm. An advantage of the above-described aspect of the present invention is that in this way, better adhesion and internal stability of a device according to the invention is achieved through the interaction of the first layer of vulcanized rubber mixture or rubberized rubber mixture and the fifth layer of vulcanized rubber mixture or rubberized rubber mixture described below.

[0014] According to the invention, a device as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein - the second layer is located between the first and third layers and - the entire surface of one side of the second layer rests against part of the surface of the first layer.

[0015] An advantage of the above-described aspect of the present invention is that in this way a sufficiently good adhesion of the second layer to the first layer in a device according to the invention is achieved.

[0016] According to the invention, a device as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein the device additionally comprises a fifth layer consisting of a rubber mixture, wherein - the fourth layer consists of one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of: polyester, polyamide and polyurethane, - the fourth layer is located between the fifth and third layers and - the entire surface of one side of the fourth layer rests against part of the surface of the fifth layer.

[0017] An advantage of the above-described aspect of the present invention is that in this way a sufficiently good adhesion of the fourth layer to the fifth layer in a device according to the invention is achieved.

[0018] According to the invention, there is a device as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein there is no adhesion promoter between the first and second layer of the device according to the invention or between the fourth and fifth layer of the device according to the invention, preferably between none of the layers of the device. An advantage of the above-described aspect of the present invention is that in this way the acquisition costs and processing costs of the adhesion promoters can be permanently saved.

[0019] In the context of the present invention, an adhesion promoter is a substance that, when properly applied between a rubber layer and a steel plate, results in a significant increase in the separation strength, determined according to the peel test described below, between the rubber layer and the steel plate compared to the separation strength between a rubber layer and a steel plate to which no such adhesion promoter was applied. The term "significant" here means that the measured value of the separation strength difference between the two measurements exceeds at least three standard deviations of the measurement, preferably six standard deviations.

[0020] According to the invention, a device as described above or as described above as preferred is provided, wherein no adhesion promoter is present between the first and second layers of the device according to the invention or between the fourth and fifth layers of the device according to the invention. This applies in particular to adhesion promoters that comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of resorcinol formaldehyde and saccharides. Particularly preferred is a device as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein there is no adhesion promoter between the first and second layers of the device according to the invention or between the fourth and fifth layers of the device according to the invention, wherein the adhesion promoter comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of resorcinol formaldehyde, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and oligo- and polysaccharides. Most preferably, the adhesion promoter comprises at least no resorcinol formaldehyde.

[0021] Particularly preferred is a device as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein there is no adhesion promoter between any of the layers of the device according to the invention, wherein the adhesion promoter comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of resorcinol-formaldehyde and saccharides. Very particularly preferred is a device as described above as particularly preferred, wherein there is no adhesion promoter between any of the layers of the device according to the invention, wherein the adhesion promoter comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of resorcinol-formaldehyde, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and oligo- and polysaccharides. In particular, very particularly preferably the adhesion promoter comprises at least no resorcinol-formaldehyde.

[0022] An advantage of the above-described aspect of the present invention is that the adhesion promoters comprising the above-mentioned specific components have the following disadvantageous properties: - High content of substances harmful to health, especially solvents harmful to health, - low flash point, - more process steps and - more process equipment required.

[0023] Preferred is a device as described above or as described above as preferred, wherein the one or at least one of the several film polymers of the second and / or fourth layer is selected from the group consisting of: polyester, polyamide and polyurethane, preferably the second and fourth layers consist of polyamide, particularly preferably of PET, aramid, PA6, PA4.6, PA10.10 or PA6.6, very particularly preferably of PA6, PA4.6, PA10.10 or PA6.6. Without wishing to be bound to any scientific theory, it was recognized within the scope of the present invention that the surface of polyamide layers, in particular PA6, PA4.6, PA10.10 and PA6.6 layers, provide improved adhesion to the metal surfaces of a transmitting and receiving component as well as to the surfaces of the vulcanized rubber mixture or the rubberized rubber mixture than with other film polymer layers. Without wishing to be bound to any scientific theory, it was recognized within the scope of the present invention that the surface PA6, PA4.6, PA10.10 and PA6.6 layers bring about a further improved adhesion with the surfaces of the vulcanized rubber mixture or the rubberized rubber mixture, which in particular comprise diene rubbers as described below.

[0024] A device as described above or as described above as preferred is preferred, wherein the rubber mixture of the first and / or fifth layer comprises at least one rubber selected from the group consisting of halobutyl rubber, polynorbornene, acrylate rubber (AEM), nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, butadiene rubber (BR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), natural polyisoprene (NR), butyl rubber (IIR), halobutyl rubber, synthetic polyisoprene (IR) and their functionalized variants, in particular selected from the group consisting of halobutyl rubber, polynorbornene, acrylate rubber (AEM), nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, butadiene rubber (BR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), natural polyisoprene (NR), butyl rubber (IIR), halobutyl rubber and synthetic polyisoprene (IR).

[0025] The specific rubber(s) used as described above can be functionalized with modifications at the end groups of the rubber polymer chains and / or along the rubber polymer chains, so-called functionalized variants. Such a functionalized rubber has at least one modification selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl groups, ethoxy groups, epoxy groups, siloxane groups, amino groups, silane groups, aminosiloxane, carboxy groups, phthalocyanine groups, and silane sulfide groups. However, other modifications known to the person skilled in the art, also referred to as functionalizations, are also possible. Metal atoms can be a component of such functionalizations.

[0026] The interaction between polyamide layers is even better if the first or fifth layer consists of a vulcanized rubber mixture or a rubberized rubber mixture comprising a diene rubber. Without wishing to be bound to any scientific theory, it was recognized within the scope of the present invention that a particularly advantageous interaction exists between a polyamide layer and a rubber layer comprising diene rubbers. Such a layer comprising diene rubbers can, for example, be the first and / or fifth layer of a device according to the invention. The diene rubbers are particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of halobutyl rubber, vinylpyridine latex, nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, butadiene rubber (BR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), natural polyisoprene (NR), butyl rubber (IIR), and synthetic polyisoprene (IR).

[0027] In particular, a device as described above or as described above as preferred is preferred, wherein the second layer and the fourth layer consist of polyamide.

[0028] Particularly preferred is a device as described above, comprising a first, second, third and fourth layer, wherein - the first layer consists of a rubber mixture, - the second layer is made of polyamide, - the third layer comprises a transmitting and receiving component for reading data, - the fourth layer is made of polyamide and - the third layer is located between the fourth and second layer, - the second layer is located between the first and third layers, - the entire surface of one side of the second layer is in contact with the entire surface of the first layer, - the device additionally comprises a fifth layer consisting of a rubber mixture, wherein the fourth layer is located between the fifth and the third layer and the entire surface of one side of the fourth layer lies against a part of the surface of the fifth layer and - the rubber mixture of the first and fifth layers of the device according to the invention comprises at least one diene rubber selected from the group consisting of butadiene rubber (BR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), halobutyl rubber, natural polyisoprene (NR), butyl rubber (IIR), synthetic polyisoprene (IR) and their functionalized variants.

[0029] The advantageous aspects of a device according to the invention for reading out data described above also apply to all aspects of pneumatic vehicle tires described below, and the advantageous aspects of pneumatic vehicle tires according to the invention discussed below apply accordingly to all aspects of a device according to the invention for reading out data.

[0030] The invention also relates to a pneumatic vehicle tire comprising a device as described above or as described above as preferred.

[0031] The advantageous aspects of a device according to the invention for reading out data or of a pneumatic vehicle tire according to the invention described above also apply to all aspects of uses described below, and the advantageous aspects of uses according to the invention discussed below apply accordingly to all aspects of a device according to the invention for reading out data or of pneumatic vehicle tires according to the invention.

[0032] The advantageous aspects of a device according to the invention for reading out data or of a pneumatic vehicle tire according to the invention and the uses thereof described above also apply to all aspects of the methods described below for producing a pneumatic vehicle tire, and the advantageous aspects of the methods according to the invention for producing a pneumatic vehicle tire discussed below apply accordingly to all aspects of a device according to the invention for reading out data, their uses according to the invention, or pneumatic vehicle tires according to the invention.

[0033] Surprisingly, it was discovered that vulcanization can increase the interaction between the surfaces of the first and second layers as well as between the surfaces of the fourth and fifth layers, thus resulting in better adhesion. This effect is particularly pronounced when materials are used for the various layers of the device according to the invention that were mentioned above in the context of preferred devices according to the invention or particularly preferred devices according to the invention as described above. Without wishing to be bound to any scientific theory, it is suspected that cross-linking between the polymer layer and a layer of a rubber mixture may also play a role here.

[0034] The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the following examples. Measurement methods: 1. Peel test

[0035] The results were determined according to method C of DIN ISO 6133:2017-04 at 20 °C and normal ambient pressure. Production: Production of the test specimens for the peel test:

[0036] The rubber mixtures for the first and fifth layers of devices according to the invention and not according to the invention are produced according to the process customary in the rubber industry, in which a base mixture containing all components except the vulcanization system (sulfur and vulcanization-influencing substances, see Table 1) is first prepared in one or more mixing stages. The finished mixture is created by adding the vulcanization system in a final mixing stage. Table 1: Components of the rubber mixtures of the first and fifth layers of devices according to the invention and not according to the invention: ingredient Unit Mixing stage Portion NR phr 1 25 BR phr 1 50 SBR phr 1 25 Carbon black N 550 phr 1 40 TDAE phr 1 30 Other ingredients phr 1 10 TBBS phr 2 1.5 sulfur phr 2 1.5

[0037] Table 1: Composition of the ready-mixed products; other ingredients: Anti-aging agent, ozone protection wax, zinc oxide, stearic acid. The 100% rubber, which defines the standard unit "phr," consists of 25 phr NR, 50 phr BR, and 25 phr SBR in Table 1.

[0038] The finished mixture is then extruded and calendered into the shape of a rubber strip and sandwiched between two reinforcements. The resulting rubber section had a length of 250 mm, a width of 100 mm, and a height of 6.3 mm. An RFID chip surrounded by two polyamide films was then placed centrally between two of the produced rubber sections, resulting in the layered device according to the invention. In the case of the production of Example 3, the adhesion promoter Chemosil NL411 was applied to the contact surface between the polyamide film and the produced rubber section according to the instructions. The RFID chips described above, surrounded by two polyamide films, are either so-called coil chips or foil chips (see Table 2).

[0039] Coil chips consist of a microchip attached to a fiber-reinforced plastic part and an antenna soldered to the fiber-reinforced plastic part and the microchip. The microchip and antenna represent the transmitting and receiving components for reading data. The fiber-reinforced plastic part had a height of 0.1 mm and a surface area of ​​2 mm long and 2 mm wide. Foil chips, consisting of a microchip and an antenna, are surrounded on both sides by a plastic foil. The microchip and antenna represent the transmitting and receiving components for reading data. The plastic foil had a height of 0.1 mm and a surface area of ​​150 mm long and 20 mm wide. The plastic foil was made of polyamide.

[0040] Subsequently, further processing takes place by vulcanization, whereby sulfur crosslinking took place due to the vulcanization system added within the scope of the present invention. The final test specimens with a length of 230 mm, a width of 25 mm and a height of 6.3 mm were then punched out of the vulcanized rubber sections. Results: Table 2: Experimental data of devices according to the invention and not according to the invention Example 1(as required) 2(as required) 3(not applicable) Type of RFID tag Coil chip Foil chip Foil chip Adhesion promoter none none Chemosil NL411 polymer layer polyamide polyamide polyamide Median separation force[kN] 0,56 0,40 0,43 Maximum separation force [kN] 0,57 0,52 0,54 Minimum separation force [kN] 0,51 0,25 0,29 Standard deviation of the separation force [kN] 0,01 0,14 0,13

[0041] As can be seen from Table 2, the polyamide layer between the rubber layer and the RFID chip achieves sufficiently good adhesion, comparable to that achieved, for example, with the commercially available adhesion promoter "Chemosil NL411." This demonstrated that no adhesion promoter is necessary between the polyamide layer and the rubber layer. This is particularly evident in the test with the coil chip, where an even greater separation force was measured.

Claims

[1] Device for reading data, comprising a first, second, third and fourth layer, wherein - the first layer consists of a rubber mixture, - the second layer consists of one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of: polyester, polyamide and polyurethane, - the third layer comprises a transmitting and receiving component for reading data, - the fourth layer comprises at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of: polyester, polyamide and polyurethane and - the third layer is located between the fourth and second layers, whereby - the second layer is located between the first and third layers and - the entire surface of one side of the second layer rests against part of the surface of the first layer, wherein the device additionally comprises a fifth layer consisting of a rubber mixture, wherein - the fourth layer consists of one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of: polyester, polyamide and polyurethane, - the fourth layer is located between the fifth and third layers and - the entire surface of one side of the fourth layer rests against part of the surface of the fifth layer, wherein there is no adhesion promoter between the first and second layers of the device or between the fourth and fifth layers of the device, wherein the first and fifth layers of the device are a vulcanized rubber compound or a rubberized rubber compound, wherein the first layer of the device has an extent such that it projects beyond the second layer by at least 1 mm at each edge of the second layer, and the fifth layer of the device has an extent such that it projects beyond the fourth layer by at least 1 mm at each edge of the fourth layer. [2] Device according to claim 1, wherein there is no adhesion promoter between any of the layers of the device, wherein the adhesion promoter comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of resorcinol formaldehyde and saccharides. [3] A device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second layer and the fourth layer are made of polyamide. [4] Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rubber mixture of the first and / or fifth layer comprises at least one rubber selected from the group consisting of halobutyl rubber, polynorbornene, acrylate rubber (AEM), nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, butadiene rubber (BR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), natural polyisoprene (NR), butyl rubber (IIR), halobutyl rubber and synthetic polyisoprene (IR). [5] A pneumatic vehicle tire comprising a device as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3.