Transparent slide

Abstract

A device for receiving a measurement object for transmitted light microscopy, comprising a transparent specimen slide (1) which has a receiving-side surface (12) provided for receiving a measurement object and a rear surface (13) facing away from the receiving side and comprises at least three layers: an electrically insulating first layer (4), a silicon-containing second layer (2) arranged on the first layer, and an electrically insulating third layer (3) arranged on the second layer (2), wherein an interface is formed between the first (4) and second layer (2) and between the second (2) and third layer (3), wherein the interface between the first (4) and second layer (2) has a first surface charge density and the interface between the second (2) and third layer (3) has a second surface charge density,wherein the first and second surface charge densities have the same or different signs and the specimen slide (1) has near-surface electrostatic forces on both surface sides, the range and strength of which are adjusted during the manufacturing process so that the electrostatic forces are pronounced on both sides, wherein an electrically conductive layer (5, 6) is formed on the receiving-side surface (12) and / or on the rear surface (13) of the transparent specimen slide (1), and wherein the electrically conductive layer (5, 6) is transparent at least in sections, wherein the electrically conductive layer (5, 6) is designed as a shield for the near-surface electrostatic forces and / or for contacting.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a device with a transparent slide which can be used in biotechnology and in a method for impedance measurement.

[0002] Carrier materials based on semiconductors with electrically activated charge patterns, as well as those based on ferroelectric or piezoelectric materials, are described in WO 2013 / 029609 A2. These carrier materials are used for the manipulation, modification, and movement of electrically polarizable materials using near-surface electrostatic forces. The common technical feature underlying the prior art is the utilization of near-surface electrostatic forces caused by the doped semiconductor material or by the piezoelectric or ferroelectric materials. The pattern of the near-surface electrostatic forces is determined by the pattern of the electrically activated doping ions in the semiconductor material. For doped semiconductor materials with an optional backside electrode, extremely small voltages are sufficient to vary or minimize the near-surface electrostatic forces.WO 2013 / 029 609 A2 describes that through the optional use of an insulating cover layer on the carrier materials, the near-surface electrostatic forces are not influenced by the electrically polarizable biomaterials, polyelectrolyte materials, atoms, ions and molecules (epAIM for short), even if they are present in a liquid medium.

[0003] However, with the support material described in WO 2013 / 029609 A2, the range of the near-surface electrostatic forces above the support material cannot be further influenced after the introduction of the electrically active ions. Furthermore, the support material is not transparent to light in the visible spectral range, so that observation of the materials adsorbed on the support material due to the near-surface electrostatic forces is not possible using transmitted light microscopy with the current state of the art. Another disadvantage is that the support material is mechanically rigid and not elastically formable. This precludes flexible use in biotechnology products.

[0004] It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a device with a slide which does not have the disadvantages of the prior art and on which the range and the strength of the near-surface electrostatic forces which the slide has after production can be variably adjusted and influenced.

[0005] The object is achieved by a device with a transparent object carrier, which has a receiving-side surface, suitable for receiving a measurement object, and a surface facing away from the receiving side, i.e. the rear surface, and comprises at least three layers: an electrically insulating first layer, a silicon-containing second layer arranged on the first layer and an electrically insulating third layer arranged on the second layer, wherein an interface is formed between the first and second layer and between the second and third layer, wherein the interface between the first and second layer has a first surface charge density and the interface between the second and third layer has a second surface charge density, wherein the first and second surface charge densities have the same or different signs and the object carrier has near-surface,has electrostatic forces on both surface sides, the range and strength of which are adjusted during the manufacturing process so that the electrostatic forces are pronounced on both sides, wherein an electrically conductive layer is formed on the receiving-side surface and / or on the rear surface of the transparent slide, and wherein the electrically conductive layer is transparent at least in sections, wherein the electrically conductive layer is designed as a shield for the near-surface, electrostatic forces and / or for contacting.

[0006] A receiving-side surface of the transparent slide is understood to be the surface facing the measurement object to be examined and, for example, is suitable for being in direct contact with the measurement object or is intended and suitable for receiving a measurement object. Accordingly, a rear surface facing away from the receiving side is understood to be the surface of the transparent slide that does not face a measurement object and is opposite, i.e., facing away from, the receiving side of the slide.

[0007] A surface charge density describes the charge distribution at an interface. Depending on whether positive or negative charges are present, the surface charge densities can have positive or negative values. If the first and second surface charge densities have the same charge sign, both surface charge densities have the same sign. If the first and second surface charge densities have unlike charges, both surface charge densities have different signs. In the following, the absolute value of the surface charge density is referred to as the strength of the surface charge density.

[0008] The slide according to the invention is transparent and can optionally be designed to be flexibly deformable. For example, the slide can be designed to be transparent in such a way that it has a transmittance greater than 5% in the spectral range with wavelengths greater than 200 nm, a transmittance greater than 10% in the spectral range with wavelengths greater than 350 nm, and a transmittance greater than 15% in the spectral range with wavelengths greater than 400 nm. A glass film, for example, can be the electrically insulating third layer or can be used beneath the electrically insulating third layer.

[0009] Due to its transparency, this slide allows electrically polarizable materials to be observed using transmitted light microscopy. The transparency is achieved by using at least three thin layers: the electrically insulating first layer, the silicon-containing second layer, and the electrically insulating third layer. For the purposes of this invention, a thin layer is defined as a layer thickness of less than 1 µm.

[0010] According to the laws of optics in solids, the probability of absorption of light per unit distance in an absorbing, homogeneous semiconductor is the same at low energies at any penetration depth. An exponential law, the Bouguer-Lambert law, then applies, which states that the original light intensity I0 after passing through the layer thickness d still remains the existing light intensity I(d): I(d) / I0=e−(μd) where µ is the absorption coefficient and depends on the properties of the absorbing material. The inverse of the absorption coefficient is the penetration depth.

[0011] According to the laws of defects in solids, the range of the near-surface electrostatic forces above a semiconductor material is at most as large as the extension of the DL the near-surface space charge zone in the semiconductor. In the present case, if the space charge zone at the interface between the first and second layers does not overlap with the space charge zone at the interface between the second and third layers, the range of the electrostatic forces at the receiving surface of the slide can be determined with the extent d DL,topthe space charge zone at the interface between the second and third layers and the range of the electrostatic forces at the opposite rear surface of the slide can be related to the extent of the DL,bottom the space charge zone at the interface between the first and second layer.

[0012] In summary, the strength of the near-surface electrostatic forces depends essentially on the distance between the interfaces between the first and second layers and between the second and third layers, as well as on the surface charge densities at the respective interfaces and the doping of the silicon-containing material from which the silicon-containing second layer is formed. A silicon-containing layer is defined as a layer containing at least 1 at.% (atomic percent) of silicon.

[0013] In advantageous embodiments of the slide according to the invention, the strength of the first surface charge density is greater than the strength of the second surface charge density, or the strength of the first surface charge density is less than the strength of the second surface charge density, or the strength of the first surface charge density and the strength of the second surface charge density are equal. This allows the strength and range of the near-surface electrostatic forces on the receiving surface of the transparent slide and on the back surface of the slide to be adjusted.

[0014] The silicon-containing layer represents a source of locally adjustable, near-surface electrostatic forces during the manufacturing process, allowing electrically polarizable materials to be adsorbed and / or desorbed. The direction and strength of the near-surface electrostatic forces at the surface of the transparent slide are adjusted by selecting the species (electrons or holes) and / or the concentration of the majority charge carriers in the locally doped silicon-containing layer.

[0015] The surface charge density between the electrically insulating first layer and the silicon-containing second layer containing doping ions of various species, for example phosphorus or boron, as well as the surface charge density between the electrically insulating third layer and the silicon-containing second layer containing the doping ions, cause the near-surface electrostatic forces on both the receiving-side surface of the slide and on the rear surface of the transparent slide according to the invention facing away from the receiving side, with different ranges. The thicknesses d ISO,top and d ISO,bottomThe electrically insulating first and third layers also determine the strength of the near-surface electrostatic forces. Typically, the strength, direction, and range of the electric field depends on the pattern of the interface states and can be modified during the fabrication of the transparent slide. The range of the electrostatic forces is, according to the equation to the extent of the DL,bottom the space charge zone at the interface between the first and second layer on the back surface and to the extent of the DL,top the space charge zone at the interface between the second and third layer on the receiving-side surface of the slide is between 1 nm and 2000 nm and, according to the equation to the extent of the space charge zone, is at most equal to the thickness of the slide.

[0016] This means that the range of the near-surface electrostatic forces is adjusted by modifying the surface charge densities in at least one of the two interfaces, either between the rear-side electrically insulating first layer and the silicon-containing second layer or between the receiving-side electrically insulating third layer and the silicon-containing second layer.

[0017] In general, one or more thin layers of different materials can be deposited on a transparent substrate or carrier using suitable manufacturing techniques. Manufacturing techniques such as physical vapor deposition (PVD), physical cathode sputtering, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can be used. These techniques can be used in a variety of different forms, such as pulsed laser deposition (PLD), sputtering, electron beam evaporation, molecular beam epitaxy, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), and other techniques.A substrate can either be used as a support during the production of the transparent slide, which is then removed, or it can remain on the back surface of the slide, facing away from the image-forming side, for stabilization. However, the substrate should then also be transparent.

[0018] In general, an electrically insulating thin layer can be deposited on a transparent substrate. In general, a semiconductor layer of varying thickness can be deposited on an electrically insulating thin layer, whereby a charge pattern can be introduced into the semiconductor layer during layer deposition and / or after layer deposition by ion implantation. Two interfaces with so-called space-charge zones form in the thin semiconductor layer.According to the invention, at the interface between the electrically insulating first layer and the silicon-containing second layer and between the electrically insulating third layer and the silicon-containing second layer, on the one hand a space charge zone facing away from the receiving-side surface of the slide and, on the other hand, a space charge zone facing the receiving-side surface is formed, wherein the space charge zones each have a thickness of 1 nm to 2000 nm, preferably of 10 nm to 500 nm.

[0019] In a further embodiment of the transparent slide according to the invention, the near-surface electrostatic forces on the receiving-side surface and the near-surface electrostatic forces on the rear surface of the slide point in the same direction, wherein the range of the near-surface electrostatic forces is set by the ratio of a total thickness of the silicon-containing second layer to the sum of the extent of the space charge zone at the interface between the rear electrically insulating first layer and the silicon-containing second layer and the extent of the space charge zone at the interface between the electrically insulating third layer facing the receiving side and the silicon-containing second layer, so that the range of the near-surface,Electrostatic forces on the receiving surface and the back surface of the slide are comparatively as large as the sum of both space charge zones. This has the particular advantage that, in contrast to the state of the art, the near-surface electrostatic forces can be amplified or varied using two interfaces and surface charge densities. Previously, only non-transparent silicon-containing supports were used, whereby the resulting near-surface electrostatic forces could have formed on both sides of the silicon-containing layer, but could not overlap on the receiving surface and the back surface of the slide because the total thickness of the slide was greater than the sum of both space charge zones, preventing this.

[0020] The thickness of the silicon-containing second layer of the slide according to the invention is at most 5 µm and, for this thickness of the silicon-containing second layer, has a transmittance of more than 80% in the IR spectral range. The thickness of the slide is so pronounced that it is transparent in the near infrared with a transmittance of almost 100%. The thickness of the slide is preferably less than 1 mm, more preferably less than 100 µm, and particularly preferably less than 10 µm. If the thickness of the slide is less than 10 µm, the transmittance is greater than 5% in the spectral range with wavelengths greater than 200 nm, greater than 10% in the spectral range with wavelengths greater than 350 nm, and greater than 15% in the spectral range with wavelengths greater than 400 nm. Optionally, the slide is designed to be flexibly deformable.The glass film can, for example, be the electrically insulating first layer or be used under the electrically insulating first layer.

[0021] The thickness of the silicon-containing layer also influences the interaction of the near-surface electrostatic forces on both sides of the slide, which arise from the interfaces and the associated surface charge densities. It should be noted that if the thickness of the silicon-containing layer is greater than the extent of the two space charge zones that form at the respective interfaces between the first and second layers and the second and third layers, only the space charge zone facing the receiving surface of the slide and the surface charge density facing the receiving surface of the slide influence the near-surface electrostatic forces.If the thickness of the silicon-containing second layer is equal to or smaller than the extent of the two space charge zones, both the space charge zone facing the receiving surface of the slide and the back space charge zone facing away from the receiving surface, as well as the respective surface charge densities, influence the near-surface electrostatic forces on the receiving surface of the transparent slide. This has the advantage that the range of the near-surface electrostatic forces can be further increased.

[0022] In general, a semiconductor layer on a transparent substrate can be thermally treated using pulsed laser radiation and / or flash lamp annealing, both before and after the introduction of the charge pattern, in such a way that the crystalline structure of the semiconductor layer is altered, with or without a charge pattern, so that the thin semiconductor layer is electrically activated. The activation of the electrically active dopant ions in the semiconductor layer typically occurs only once after layer deposition. In contrast, the density of the interface states, i.e., the surface charge densities, depend highly sensitively on the treatment of the slide at the interface between the thin silicon-containing second layer and the rear-side electrically insulating first layer, as well as at the interface between the thin silicon-containing second layer and the receiving-side electrically insulating third layer.The surface charge densities are advantageously in the range of 10. 12 up to 10 20 e / cm 2 .

[0023] According to the invention, an electrically conductive layer, in particular an electrode, is formed on the receiving surface and / or on the back surface of the transparent slide. For the purposes of this invention, an electrically conductive layer is understood to mean a surface or surfaces used to contact the slide for its use in biotechnology.

[0024] According to the invention, the electrically conductive layer is partially transparent, and in one embodiment, completely transparent. The electrically conductive layer, in particular the electrode configuration, is designed to shield the near-surface electrostatic forces and / or to make contact. By designing or structuring the electrically conductive layer, the slide can be configured and adapted for its intended use.

[0025] In general, an electrically conductive thin layer can be deposited on an electrically insulating thin layer. Electrically conductive thin layers can be patterned using lithography techniques such as electron beam lithography and / or photolithography.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the transparent slide according to the invention, the interface between the first and second layers and / or between the second and third layers each has an interface state pattern formed by a spatially / spatially varying surface charge density in the respective interface. The surface charge density, whose density or magnitude can vary in the interface, is also referred to as a charge pattern.

[0027] The active impurities introduced into the interface or generated therein form the charge pattern, i.e. different densities of interface charges form a pattern in the transparent slide according to the invention. The pattern of surface charge densities can be formed or modified in at least one of the two interfaces during production of the silicon-containing second layer. The interface states and the ionized doping ions in the space charge zone of the silicon-containing second layer generate the effective electrostatic forces. These forces are shielded from the environment at the location of the electrically conductive layers. i.e. the at least partially transparent regions of the applied electrically conductive layer act on the one hand as a shield against the electrostatic forces, and on the other hand, they are used as electrically conductive contacts.

[0028] Therefore, the transparent slide according to the invention can be used in one embodiment for measuring electrical capacitive impedance. Modeling the electrical capacitive impedance provides information on the influence of material adhesion in the area of ​​the contacts via the modeled contact resistance Rs. The electrical impedance can be measured in situ, for example, in an incubator, and used for interference-free observation, for example, of the adhesion of biological materials in the area of ​​the contacts to the object-side surface of the transparent slide.

[0029] To illuminate an object that has been adsorbed by electrostatic forces, an optical microscope can be placed on the back of the slide, i.e., the back surface facing away from the recording surface, to observe the object. The light used for illumination can be polarized. The optical microscope, for example, a polarizing microscope, can use polarized light to illuminate and detect the object. The optical microscope, for example, a laser scanning microscope, can use laser light to illuminate and detect the object. The resolution limit of optical microscopes, i.e., the minimum distance d that two points must have to be perceived as separate points, is d=λ / NA. Objektiv . Here, λ is the wavelength of the light used for illumination and NA Objektivthe numerical aperture of the objective of the microscope used. The resolution limit of optical microscopes, such as immersion microscopes, is increased by introducing a liquid between the object and the objective of the microscope.

[0030] In a further embodiment of the transparent slide according to the invention, the transparent slide has at least two sections that differently influence the polarization of radiation incident on the slide. This is advantageous because it can improve the resolution in microscopy.

[0031] It is particularly advantageous if the transparent slide according to the invention is designed as the base plate of a microtiter plate, or as the base plate of a microgrid, or as a Petri dish, or as a microscope slide. The exact dimensions (length × width × height) of the microtiter plates can be, for example, 127.76 mm × 85.48 mm × 14.35 mm according to the ANSI standard. Instead of a bottomless microtiter plate, a microgrid, for example a 10 × 20 microgrid with an edge length of 100-200 µm, can also be used. Petri dishes are flat, round, transparent dishes with an overlapping lid. Petri dishes are manufactured in various sizes from laboratory glass and plastic. Frequently used outer diameters are 50 and 92 to 93 mm (= 90 mm inner diameter) with a height of 15 mm. In the simplest case, the transparent slide forms a microscope slide, which is used in microscopy.

[0032] It is also particularly advantageous if the transparent slide according to the invention is flexible and designed to line cell culture flasks. Cell culture flasks are widely used in biotechnology.

[0033] The invention will be explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments.

[0034] The pictures show Fig. 1 Transparent slide with charge pattern in the n-Si semiconductor and different thicknesses of the Si semiconductor layer; Fig. 2 Transparent slide with charge pattern in the n-Si semiconductor and modification of the surface charge densities; Fig. 3 Transparent slide with charge pattern in the p-Si semiconductor and different thicknesses of the Si semiconductor layer; Fig. 4 Transparent slide with charge pattern in the p-semiconductor and modification of the surface charge densities; Fig. 5 Transparent slide with electrically conductive layers and charge pattern in n- and p-Si semiconductors; Fig. 6 Transparent microscope slide with electrically conductive layers formed as electrodes and charge patterns in the n- and p-Si semiconductor; Fig. 7 Use of the transparent slide according to the invention as a base plate for a bottomless microtiter plate or bottomless microgrid; Fig. 8 Use of the transparent slide according to the invention in a Petri dish; Fig. 9 Use of the transparent slide according to the invention as a microscope slide; Fig. 10 Use of the transparent slide according to the invention in a cell culture flask; Fig. 11 Electrical capacitive impedance measurement of an n-Si semiconductor; Fig. 12 Electrical capacitive impedance measurement of a p-Si semiconductor.

[0035] Fig. 1 shows the transparent slide 1 according to the invention with charge pattern in the n-Si semiconductor and different thicknesses of the silicon-containing layer 2. In Fig. 1A is the thickness of the silicon-containing second layer 2 d total significantly larger than the developed space charge zones d DL,top and d DL,bottom together, whereas in Fig. 1B the thickness of the silicon-containing second layer 2 is equal to the thickness of the two space charge zones, or in Fig. 1C is the thickness d total significantly smaller than the thickness of the two space charge zones. Fig. 3 shows the same situation for a p-Si semiconductor as a silicon-containing second layer 2. By the ratio of a total thickness of the silicon-containing second layer 2 and a thickness of the respective space charge zone between the rear d DL,bottom and / or recording-side d DL,topThe range of the electrostatic forces can be adjusted by the electrically insulating first layer 4 or third layer 3 and the silicon-containing second layer 2. The thickness of the silicon-containing second layer 2, which is approximately 1 µm if it is to be transparent to radiation in the visible to infrared wavelength range, can be greater than the extent of the two space charge zones d DL,top and d DL,bottom In this case, only the respective space charge zone and the surface charge density influence the near-surface electrostatic forces of the respective surface of the slide 1. The thickness of the silicon-containing second layer 2 can also be equal to or smaller than the extent of the two space charge zones d DL,top and d DL,bottom In these cases, both the recording side and the DL,top and the back d DL,bottomThe space charge zone as well as the surface charge densities on the receiving side and the back determine the near-surface electrostatic forces on the receiving side surface 12 of the slide 1. This has the decisive advantage that the range of the near-surface electrostatic forces can be further increased.

[0036] The transparent slide 1 can optionally be applied to a flexible or rigid, transparent or opaque substrate 11, shown by way of example in Fig. 1. The substrate 11 thus represents a carrier for the transparent slide 1. This is also possible for the embodiments in the following figures, wherein the substrate 11 has been partially omitted for reasons of clarity.

[0037] Fig. Figure 2 shows the transparent slide 1 according to the invention with a charge pattern in the n-Si semiconductor with a modification of the interfacial state densities, also known as surface charge densities. The higher the state densities at the interface between the electrically insulating first layer 4 and the silicon-containing second layer 2, or between the electrically insulating third layer 3 and the silicon-containing second layer 2, the greater the near-surface electrostatic forces that develop. In an n-Si semiconductor, the forces are attractive, while in a p-Si semiconductor, they are repulsive (direction of the force arrow). Fig. Figure 4 shows this situation for a p-type semiconductor.

[0038] Fig. Figure 5 shows the transparent slide 1 with electrically conductive layers and charge patterns in the n- and p-Si semiconductors. The conductive layers 5 and 6 shield the electrostatic forces.

[0039] By structuring these electrically conductive layers 5, 6, for example by means of lithography methods, e.g. electron beam lithography and / or photolithography, the electrically conductive layers 5, 6 can also be used as contacts, as described in Fig. 6. Therefore, the transparent slide 1 according to the invention can be used in one embodiment for measuring an electrical capacitive impedance. Modeling the electrical capacitive impedance provides information on the influence of the adhesion of material in the area of ​​structured contacts via the modeled contact resistance Rs. In contrast to light microscopes, which are a standard method for examining biological materials, electrical capacitive impedance measurement with the slide according to the invention and the integrated structured electrodes offers the advantage that this setup is particularly suitable for long-term investigations, there are no restrictions regarding sterilization, incubation, and freezing, and that the biological material does not need to be illuminated.The electrical impedance can be measured in situ, for example, in an incubator, and used for interference-free observation, for example, of the adhesion of biological materials in the area of ​​structured contacts on the receiving surface of the transparent slide. Fig. 11 and Fig. Figures 12 show the application in an electrical-capacitive impedance measurement with differently structured electrically conductive layers 5, 6, which serve as contact surfaces. The contact surfaces can be circular, ring-shaped, or split ring electrodes, for example. This has the advantage that the sensitivity of the total impedance can be adjusted depending on the material coating on the electrodes.

[0040] Fig. Figure 7 shows a particular embodiment in which the slide 1 according to the invention is used as a base plate for a bottomless microtiter plate 14 or for a bottomless microgrid. This is particularly advantageous because the materials to be examined can adhere to the transparent slide 1 and, thanks to the transparency, can be examined, for example, using a transmitted-light microscope. When using the transparent slide 1 in a microgrid, the areas to which the materials to be examined adhere can be separated from one another by means of freely selectable walls that form the so-called microgrid (which consists of so-called individual wells 10). These walls 10 can be made of silicone, for example.

[0041] Also special application examples show Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, in which the slide 1 according to the invention is used in or as a Petri dish 7 or as an attachment for a slide or is designed in such a way.

[0042] Due to the flexibility of the transparent slide 1 according to the invention, it can also be used in a cell culture flask 9. This is shown schematically in Fig. 10 shown. List of reference symbols 1 transparent slide 2 silicon-containing second layer of thickness d total 3 electrically insulating third layer of thickness d ISO,top 4 electrically insulating first layer of thickness d ISO,bottom 5 Electrically conductive layer of thickness d adjacent to the third layer MET,top 6 Electrically conductive layer of thickness d adjacent to the first layer MET,bottom 7 Petri dish 8 slides 9 Cell culture flask 10 Wall of an examination area, a so-called well 11 transparent substrate 12 receiving surface of the slide 13 back surface of the slide 14 Bottom plate of a microtiter plate ES Electrically active impurity, dopant in the semiconductor ML Majority charge that shields an electrically active impurity GL Majority charge occupying an interface state DLtop space charge zone at the interface between the electrically insulating first layer and the silicon-containing second layer of thickness d DL,top DLbottom space charge zone at the interface between the electrically insulating third layer and the silicon-containing second layer of thickness d DL,bottom DNL region in the silicon-containing layer in which no space charge zone is formed, the thickness d DNL

Claims

[1] A device for receiving a measurement object for transmitted light microscopy, comprising a transparent slide (1) which has a receiving-side surface (12) provided for receiving a measurement object and a rear surface (13) facing away from the receiving side and comprises at least three layers: an electrically insulating first layer (4), a silicon-containing second layer (2) arranged on the first layer, and an electrically insulating third layer (3) arranged on the second layer (2), wherein an interface is formed between the first (4) and second layer (2) and between the second (2) and third layer (3), wherein the interface between the first (4) and second layer (2) has a first surface charge density and the interface between the second (2) and third layer (3) has a second surface charge density,wherein the first and second surface charge densities have the same or different signs and the specimen slide (1) has near-surface electrostatic forces on both surface sides, the range and strength of which are adjusted during the manufacturing process so that the electrostatic forces are pronounced on both sides, wherein an electrically conductive layer (5, 6) is formed on the receiving-side surface (12) and / or on the rear surface (13) of the transparent specimen slide (1), and wherein the electrically conductive layer (5, 6) is transparent at least in sections, wherein the electrically conductive layer (5, 6) is designed as a shield for the near-surface electrostatic forces and / or for contacting. [2] The device according to claim 1, wherein the intensity of the first surface charge density is greater than the intensity of the second surface charge density, or the intensity of the first surface charge density is less than the intensity of the second surface charge density, or the intensity of the first surface charge density and the intensity of the second surface charge density are equal. [3] Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein a surface charge density 10 12 up to 10 20 e / cm 2 amounts. [4] Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the electrically conductive layer (5, 6) is formed as an electrode. [5] Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thickness of the slide (1) is less than 1 mm, preferably less than 100 µm and particularly preferably less than 10 µm, wherein with the thickness of the slide (1) less than 10 µm the transmittance in the spectral range with wavelengths greater than 200 nm is greater than 5%, in the spectral range with wavelengths greater than 350 nm is greater than 10% and in the spectral range with wavelengths greater than 400 nm is greater than 15%. [6] Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the interface between the first (4) and second layer (2) and / or between the second (2) and third layer (3) each has an interface state pattern which is formed by a spatially and locally varying surface charge density in the respective interface. [7] Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the transparent slide (1) has at least two sections which differently influence a polarization of a radiation incident on the slide (1). [8] Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the layer system is used for measuring an electrical capacitive impedance. [9] Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the slide (1) is designed as a base plate of a microtiter plate (14) or a microgrid or is designed as a Petri dish (7) or is designed as a microscope slide. [10] Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the slide (1) is flexible and is designed to line cell culture bottles (9).

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