Procedures and arrangements for the processing of radioactive waste

Abstract

Method for processing radioactive waste stored in a container by means of pyrolysis to be carried out in a reaction chamber (40), comprising the method steps: - cutting the container outside the reaction chamber (40) into at least two container parts (24, 26) and positioning the container parts with their cut surfaces on a holder (30) having openings, - Introduction of the container parts into the reaction chamber in which a water vapor-containing atmosphere with a temperature T with T ≥ 200 °C is or will be set, - Carrying out pyrolysis, - Removal of gases (exhaust gas) from the reaction chamber, - Removal of the recordings from the reaction chamber, whereby at least one process step from the group is additionally carried out: - introducing oxygen and / or CO2 into the reaction chamber (40) during pyrolysis, in substoichiometric or maximum stoichiometric quantities, - adjusting the water vapor to be introduced into the reaction chamber (40) depending on the oxidizable substance in the exhaust gas, - adjusting the oxygen and / or CO2 to be introduced into the reaction chamber (40) depending on the oxidizable substance in the exhaust gas, - Switching off pyrolysis depending on the oxidizable substance present in the exhaust gas, - targeted injection of water vapor and / or oxygen and / or CO2 into the radioactive waste or in the vicinity of it, - targeted supply of water vapor and / or oxygen and / or CO2 within the reaction chamber (40).

Description

The invention relates to a method for processing radioactive waste stored in a container. The invention also relates to an arrangement for processing radioactive waste stored in a container.In nuclear technology, such as in workplaces using nuclear power stations or other radioactive materials, inorganic and organic radioactively contaminated waste is obtained, which is to be disposed of. These include, for example, ion exchangers, evaporator concentrates, sludge, metallic components, rubber, plastic or else articles of clothing.For the disposal of corresponding radioactively contaminated waste, these are usually placed in a container in which the radioactive waste is surrounded by a matrix, i.e. is embedded in a container. In this case, it is possible for the containers themselves to be inserted into, for example, concrete or cast into concrete. A container can also comprise a drum with an inliner consisting of concrete, in which the radioactive material is embedded with the matrix.Independently of this, it is assumed in the past that when bitumen is used as matrix, a problem-free final storage can take place.It is also possible to mix waste and bitumen externally, for example with an extruder, and then fill it into barrels.Bitumen is also used when the waste is not stored in drums, but for example in containers or chambers, so-called compartments.Tests on barrels have now shown that, contrary to expectation, waste materials are decomposed by radiolysis, so that the gas formed in the process leads to barrels bulging and possibly bursting as a result of a rise in pressure. Thus, it is necessary to prepare correspondingly embedded radioactive wastes. For this purpose, it is known to carry out processing by means of pyrolysis and steam, a so-called hydropyrolysis, as a result of which the bitumen and the organic constituents and nitrates are pyrolyzed, i.e. gasified, in a furnace, i.e. reaction space, in order then to feed the waste gas to an afterburning.Known processes, however, have the disadvantage that a corresponding hydropyrolysis takes a relatively long time in order to remove all the organic embedding material and the organic constituents of the radioactive waste.DE 26 41 264 A1 discloses a method for removing radioactive, organic waste. For this purpose, the organic waste, such as paper, cloth flaps or plastic parts, can be comminuted and treated with steam in a closed furnace.US 2008 / 0039674 A1 describes a method for processing radioactive waste stored in a container, wherein pyrolysis is carried out in a reaction space. Gaseous fluid can be introduced into the waste in a targeted manner.It is therefore an object of the present invention to pyrolyze radioactive waste stored in a container efficiently in a reaction chamber.To solve the problem, it is proposed to provide a method for achieving the object.A method for processing radioactive waste stored in a container by pyrolysis to be carried out in a reaction space, comprising the steps of:severing the container outside the reaction space into at least two container parts and positioning the container parts with their cut surfaces on a receptacle having apertures,introducing the container parts into the reaction space in which a water-vapor-containing atmosphere of a temperature T where T≥200 ° C. is established,carrying out the pyrolysis,removing gases (offgas) from the reaction space,bringing the receptacles out of the reaction space,wherein at least one method step from the group: is carried out in addition:introducing oxygen and / or CO 2 into the reaction space during pyrolysis, in a stereolithography or maximum stoichiometry quantity,adjusting water vapor to be introduced into the reaction space as a function of oxidizable substance in the offgas,adjusting oxygen and / or CO 2 to be introduced into the reaction space as a function of oxidizable substance in the offgas,switching off pyrolysis depending on oxidizable substance present in the off-gas,selective introduction of water vapor and / or oxygen and / or CO 2 into the radioactive waste or in the region of the latter,targeted guiding of steam and / or oxygen and / or CO 2 within the reaction space.According to the invention, the container is first cut through in order to ensure that pyrolysis of the radioactive waste can be carried out without difficulty, even if the radioactive waste is located in a container which has, for example, a concrete shell on the outside and / or a liner, that is to say a lining made of concrete on the inside, wherein the radioactive waste itself is preferably incorporated in a matrix which is in turn accommodated, for example, by a container which is surrounded by a concrete wall, without this being an obligatory feature.Containers are, for example, a casing such as a drum, which is surrounded by a jacket consisting of concrete or other shielding material or has such a jacket in the interior as a lining (liner) and in which the radioactive material embedded in a matrix is located. A container can also be a receptacle consisting of concrete or other shielding material, in which receptacle the matrix with the radioactive material is incorporated. A drum without concrete shielding is also a container in which the matrix with the radioactive waste is introduced.In this case, it is provided in particular that the package is severed in a pre-space, such as a loading space, arranged upstream of the reaction space, for example by means of a cutting cable. In this case, a severing can be carried out in the axial and / or radial direction, preferably in the axial direction. The package parts available in this way are then positioned with their cut surface on a receptacle which has perforations. This can be a grid or a grid which in turn covers a trough. A receiver formed in this way is then conveyed into the reaction space.Furthermore, according to the invention, one or more additional measures are provided during pyrolysis in order to gasify volatile radioactive waste and organic embedding material. In this case, it is provided in particular that oxygen and / or CO 2 is introduced into the reaction space during pyrolysis, the proportion of oxygen preferably being stereolithography, optionally up to maximum stoichiometry.It is possible for the steam to be introduced, which should have a temperature corresponding to that in the reaction space, to be adjusted as a function of the oxidizable substance in the off-gas (pyrolysis gas). A control process is enabled.A corresponding regulation can also take place for the oxygen and / or CO 2- fraction to be introduced.In order to exclude a risk, in particular due to explosion, it can be provided that the pyrolysis is switched off depending on the oxidizable substance present in the exhaust gas.In particular, it can be provided that the superheated steam or superheated steam with O 2 and / or CO 2 is conducted in a targeted manner to the region or the regions in the reaction space, i.e. the furnace interior, in which the radioactive waste is located.Furthermore, the steam can be conducted in circulation in a targeted manner within the reaction space, as a result of which a volume flow is generated which corresponds to a multiple of the feed.The invention is also distinguished in that the atmosphere in the reaction space is fluidized by means of one or more fans. The fan or fans can be set in rotation in the reaction space by means of the introduced gaseous fluid, such as water vapor and / or O 2 and / or CO 2.It is provided in particular that radioactive waste is processed, which is embedded in an organic matrix, such as bitumen, epoxy resin, urea resin.It is also possible to treat wastes in an inorganic matrix such as cement. In this case, complete pyrolyzing, i.e. yellowing of the matrix, does not take place. However, the waste becomes inert due to pyrolysis.The invention is of course not restricted in that a homogeneous mixing of the radioactive waste with bitumen has taken place. Heterogeneous incorporation into a matrix may also have taken place. This relates in particular to metals, construction materials, animal bodies or glass over which a matrix material, such as bitumen, has been cast.If, in particular, the radioactive material with the matrix is introduced into a container such as a standard barrel, such as 200 1 barrel, it is also possible to divide and pyrolyze parts of larger vessels, known as compartments, which are arranged in the reaction space on suitable receptacles.It is also possible to first melt and remove at least a part of the matrix before pyrolysis, which is then separately burnt.Particularly preferably, gaseous fluid, such as water vapor and / or O 2 and / or the CO 2, is supplied to the cut surface of the container part. For this purpose, a lance having a nozzle or a spray head can be used, for example, via which the fluid is discharged directed in the direction of the base of the receptacle, so that the fluid is then deflected from the base in the direction of the cut surface. The receptacles for the container or container parts, which are also to be referred to as carriers, should have a trough geometry which is designed in terms of volume in such a way that the entire contents of the received container part or container parts, such as the container or drum halves, which can be surrounded on the circumference by concrete, can be accommodated.A temperature is set within the reaction space, in particular in the range between 200° C. and preferably up to 800° C. Superheated steam is then supplied to the room.According to the invention, oxygen and / or CO 2 can additionally be fed to the reaction space. The oxygen content is in particular stereolithography, optionally up to a maximum of stoichiometry.In order for pyrolysis to take place in a targeted manner in the region of the radioactive waste, it is provided that the gaseous fluid, such as water vapor and / or O 2 and / or CO 2, is carried in a targeted manner in the reaction space. For this purpose, so-called vapor jets can be used, which are designed as nozzles via which the water vapor is introduced into the reaction space. The nozzles simultaneously draw in atmosphere from the reaction space, so that an internal circuit is generated and thus a volume flow which corresponds to a multiple of the feed.The nozzles operate like venturi nozzles.There are further possibilities for guiding the atmosphere within the reaction space, such as mixing. Fans driven by the water vapor itself could even be used.The reaction space is preceded by an exhaust gas line which leads to post-combustion. Before the exhaust gas enters the after-combustion, the proportion of oxidisable substances is determined. The higher the proportion, the higher the proportion of the still non-pyrolyzed organic substances. This can be determined, for example, by determining the heat tone during the oxidation of the exhaust gas. Depending on the proportion of the organic substances, the water vapor feed or the temperature in the reaction space or the oxygen or CO 2- feed can then be regulated.In the post-combustion itself, the exhaust gas is mixed with air and burned. After exiting the afterburning, the oxygen is measured. This should be kept at a constant value, such as 5% to 7%, in particular 6%. In order to set the constant value of the oxygen content of the gas emerging from the post-combustion, the air supplied to the post-combustion is correspondingly regulated. According to the invention, it is then provided that, depending on the air supplied, the temperature and / or water vapor quantity supply and / or oxygen or CO 2- supply in the reaction space, i.e. into the furnace interior, is regulated or even a shutdown takes place, in order, for example, to exclude the risk of an explosion.The quantity of air supplied to the post-combustion is a measure of the combustible fraction present in the pyrolysis gas, such as Organic, H 2, CO.The invention is accordingly distinguished by a method for regulating the water vapor and / or O 2 and / or CO 2 to be fed to the reaction space and / or the temperature in the reaction space by determining the air to be fed to the afterburning, oxygen of the gas taken from the afterburning being kept constant or virtually constant.The invention is also distinguished by a method for regulating the water vapor and / or O 2 and / or CO 2 to be fed to the reaction space and / or temperature in the reaction space by determining combustible substance contained in the pyrolysis gas.In particular, the invention is distinguished in that the regulation of the gaseous fluid to be supplied to the reaction space is carried out redundantly and in diversity, that is to say on the one hand as a function of the air to be supplied to the afterburning and on the other hand as a function of the oxygen content in the pyrolysis gas.Gaseous fluid here contains water vapor and / or O 2 and / or CO 2, wherein CO 2 can optionally be used instead of water vapor.A further possibility provides that gaseous fluid such as at least steam is introduced into the reaction space via a nozzle, such as a Venturi nozzle, which draws in from the reaction space via an atmosphere.Additionally or alternatively, it is provided that gaseous fluid, such as at least water vapor, is guided within the reaction space in such a way that radioactive waste or the matrix is acted upon in a targeted manner with water vapor.In particular, the invention is also distinguished in that the exhaust gas is fed to an after-combustion process, wherein the oxidizable fraction thereof is determined before the after-combustion of the exhaust gas and, depending on the oxidizable fraction, feeding of gaseous fluid, such as steam and / or oxygen and / or CO 2- feeding, to the reaction space and / or temperature in the reaction space is regulated, wherein the regulation also includes switching off the pyrolysis.Alternatively or additionally, it is provided in particular that the post-combustion is carried out in a post-combustion chamber to which the exhaust gas and air are supplied, and that the air supply is regulated as a function of oxygen contained in the gas emerging from the post-combustion chamber, and that the water vapor supply and / or oxygen and / or CO 2- supply to the reaction space and / or temperature in the reaction space is regulated as a function of the air supply, wherein the regulation also includes a switching off of the pyrolysis.The invention also relates in particular to an arrangement for processing radioactive waste stored in a matrix, which waste is available in a container, wherein the arrangement comprises a reaction space for carrying out pyrolysis, wherein an atmosphere and a temperature T of ≥200 °C, in particular T>400 °C, preferably 400°C<T<800 °C, can be set in the reaction space, and wherein a pre- or loading space is arranged upstream of the reaction space and a sorting space is arranged downstream of the reaction space. The invention is distinguished in this respect in that a separating device for severing the container and a receptacle having apertures for depositing the separating surface of a container part are present in the antechamber, in that a transport device for transporting the receptacle into the reaction space is provided, in that at least one device is provided in the reaction space, via which device the atmosphere within the reaction space can be circulated and / or gaseous fluid, such as water vapor and / or CO 2 and / or O 2, can be supplied in a targeted manner through the apertures of the separating surface.Atmosphere is in particular a steam atmosphere to which oxygen and / or carbon dioxide is optionally supplied in a targeted manner.Alternatively, however, there is also the possibility that the water vapor is replaced by CO 2.For reasons of simplification, the following text is fundamentally referred to as water vapor, although-as explained above-other gaseous fluids can also form the atmosphere.The device can be a nozzle via which steam can be supplied from the outside to the reaction space with simultaneous induction of steam atmosphere from the reaction space. The Venturi principle is used.Alternatively, it is possible that the receptacle has a grid or a grid with the apertures, which grid or grid runs at a distance from a trough-shaped base or support, and that the device is a rod body, such as a lance, with a nozzle and / or spray head, via which rod body the gaseous fluid can be directed in the direction of the base or support.Mixing or swirling of the atmosphere present in the reaction space by means of one or more fans is likewise possible.The invention is also distinguished in that the reaction space has a connection for oxygen and / or carbon dioxide to be supplied to the reaction space in a preferably stereolithography amount, optionally up to a maximum stoichiometry amount. This connection can be the one via which water vapor is fed to the reaction space.It is also possible for the reaction space to be connected to an exhaust gas combustion chamber, to which a measuring device for determining oxidizable constituents in the exhaust gas is arranged upstream and / or a measuring device for determining oxygen present from the post-combustion chamber is arranged downstream, wherein the air quantity to be supplied to the post-combustion chamber is regulated via the measuring device, which air quantity is in turn a controlled variable for the gaseous fluid to be supplied to the reaction space and / or a temperature to be adjusted in the reaction space.Further details, advantages and features of the invention are evident not only from the claims, the features to be taken from them-alone and / or in combination-but also from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments to be taken from the drawing.The following are shown: FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a space, such as a loading space, arranged upstream of a reaction space, FIG. 2 is a section through a furnace surrounding a reaction space for carrying out pyrolysis, FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration for severing a standing bundle, FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration for severing a lying pack in the axial direction, FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of a lying container for radial severing, FIG. 6 shows a first control loop, and FIG. 7 shows a second control loop.The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for processing radioactive waste present in a container and stored in a matrix by means of pyrolysis. The invention is described here on the basis of a hydropyrolysis, i.e. a pyrolysis with steam. However, CO 2 can also be used instead of water vapor. For reasons of simplification, however, water vapor is referred to below, and water vapor should also be understood to be synonymous with CO 2 in this respect.The arrangement comprises a furnace 12 providing a reaction space 40 in which the hydropyrolysis is carried out. The furnace 12 is heated to a temperature between preferably 400° C. and 800° C. Superheated steam is then introduced into the furnace 12 via feed lines, the steam on introduction having a temperature which should correspond to that in the furnace interior. A loading space 14 is arranged upstream of the pyrolysis furnace 12 and a sorting space is arranged downstream, both of which are shielded.In the exemplary embodiment, the radioactive waste to be processed is embedded in a matrix which is located in a barrel 18 which forms a container without this resulting in a restriction of the teaching according to the invention. Other organic matrix materials or even inorganic matrix materials are also suitable.Suitable containers or parts thereof are also compartments or containers made of concrete, to name containers only by way of example.The barrels may be standard barrels. Independently of this, the barrels can be surrounded by a concrete jacket.In order to carry out pyrolysis efficiently, it is necessary for the radioactive material to be easily accessible to the superheated steam. According to the invention, it is provided for this purpose that the container-referred to below in simplified form as drum 18-is severed before being introduced into the furnace 12. This takes place in particular in the pre- or loading space 14, as is illustrated in principle in FIG. 1. Thus, the drum 18 is fed to a separating device 20, which is a cutting cable 22 or another separating device that enables the drum 18 to be cut through. According to FIG. 1, the drum 18 is cut through vertically in the axial direction, so that two drum halves 24, 26 are then present. In order to avoid the halves 24, 26 sticking together during the separation, the separated sections are spread or pulled away from one another. The drum halves are then placed with their cut surface on a grid or grid 30 which covers a trough-shaped receptacle 32. The receptacle 32 is then conveyed into the furnace 12 to perform pyrolysis.It can be seen from FIG. 2 that the drum 18 or the drum halves 26, 28 is surrounded by a jacket 19, in particular made of concrete.The receptacle 32 can be transported from the loading space 14 into the furnace 12 by means of a transport means such as transport carriage 35.FIG. 3 illustrates purely by way of example that the drum 18 is severed by means of the cutting cable 22 in a standing position in the axial direction. The cutting cable 22 is guided as an endless cable over deflection rollers and cutting drives or devices 23, 25 in such a way that the drum 18 can be severed in the axial direction.In FIG. 4, the drum 18 is severed lying in the axial direction.However, there is also the possibility of a radial severing in the lying position, as can be seen from FIG. 5.Before the drum halves 24, 26 are introduced into the furnace 12, it is optionally possible to melt the matrix. Molten matrix material is then separately burned.It is important that the water vapor reaches close to the radioactive waste so that the organic components can be pyrolyzed, i.e. gasified. These are organic constituents, such as salts of organic acids, complex images, ion exchangers, etc. The inorganic constituents do not react, with the exception of the nitrates. Inorganic inert materials include solids, for example, from evaporator concentrates, phosphates, sulfates or borates of sodium, calcium, etc.In order that the water vapor reaches sufficiently close to the waste to be gasified, it is provided according to FIG. 2 that the water vapor strikes the cut surface 28 via so-called lances 34, 36 through the grid 30, that is to say its openings. For this purpose, the lances 34, 36, which may have nozzles or spray heads at the ends, are directed in the direction of the bottom surface of the trough 32, with the result that the water vapor is deflected in the direction of the cut surface 28.It is also possible to circulate steam in the reaction space 40, i.e. within the furnace 20. Steam can thus be fed in via a Venturi nozzle, sucked in via the atmosphere from the reaction space 40, so that a circuit is formed.Steam can also be introduced into the reaction space 40 in the usual manner into openings. Fans can be provided for support.It is also possible to introduce oxygen and / or CO 2 into the reaction space 40 in addition to steam. The proportion of oxygen is preferably stereolithography in order to avoid the risk of burning or explosion.With reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, control circuits are explained in order to adjust or control the amount of water vapor and / or oxygen and / or carbon dioxide to be supplied to the reaction space 40 or the temperature in the reaction space 40.Thus, FIGS. 6 and 7 show, purely in principle, the furnace 12 which is connected via the exhaust gas line 42 to a post-combustion chamber 74, to which air is supplied via a line 76.The oxygen content of the gas leaving the post-combustion chamber 74 (line 78) is determined via a first measuring device 80, wherein the air-supplying line 76 is adjusted such that the oxygen content of the outflowing gas is constant or nearly constant. The oxygen content should be about 6%. Depending on the quantity of air supplied to the post-combustion chamber 74, the quantity of gaseous fluid, i.e. water vapor, supplied to the furnace 12 is in turn regulated, wherein the proportion of O 2 and CO 2 can also be regulated. This is illustrated by the connection 84.A further measuring device 86 can be present in the pyrolysis gas line 52 leading to the post-combustion chamber 74 (FIG. 7 ) in order to determine the proportion of oxidisable constituents in the pyrolysis gas, for example by means of a sensor 86 measuring the heat tone during the oxidation. This proportion can likewise be used as a control variable (connection 88) for the water vapor and / or oxygen and / or CO 2 to be supplied to the furnace 12 and / or for setting the temperature in the furnace 12.In particular, both the air quantity to be supplied to the post-combustion chamber 74 and the proportion of the oxidizable constituents contained in the pyrolysis gas are used as manipulated variables, so that redundant diversity control is possible.An adjustment or regulation in this respect can also be effected depending on the air supplied to the post-combustion.After pyrolysis is carried out, the furnace 12 is cooled to then feed the half barrels to the sorting room where sorting of the remaining inorganic components and further cutting of the barrels is done by manipulators. The components are transferred to containers according to the determined radioactivity, which are then disposed of according to the respective regulations.The trough-shaped carriers 32 are returned via a conveying device to the loading space 14 for receiving new drum halves 18.The invention also includes using CO 2 for pyrolysis instead of water vapor.

Claims

Method for processing radioactive waste stored in a container by means of pyrolysis to be carried out in a reaction space (40), comprising the method steps: - severing the container outside the reaction space (40) into at least two container parts (24, 26) and positioning the container parts with their cut surfaces on a receptacle (30) having perforations, - introducing the container parts into the reaction space in which a water-vapor-containing atmosphere of a temperature T where T ≥ 200°C is set, - carrying out the pyrolysis, - removing gases (waste gas) from the reaction space, - removing the receptacles from the reaction space, wherein at least one method step from the group: - introducing oxygen and / or CO 2 into the reaction space (40) during the pyrolysis is carried out in addition, in stereolithography or at most stoichiometric amount, adjusting water vapor to be introduced into the reaction chamber (40) as a function of oxidizable substance in the exhaust gas, adjusting oxygen and / or CO 2 to be introduced into the reaction chamber (40) as a function of oxidizable substance in the exhaust gas, switching off pyrolysis as a function of oxidizable substance present in the exhaust gas, specifically introducing water vapor and / or oxygen and / or CO 2 into the radioactive wastes or in the region thereof, specifically guiding water vapor and / or oxygen and / or CO 2 within the reaction chamber (40).Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the package is cut through axially and / or radially.Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the package is severed in a standing or lying position.Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radioactive waste is incorporated in a matrix in the container, in particular incorporated in an organic matrix, in particular incorporated in a matrix from the group of bitumen, epoxy resin, urea resin.Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container parts (24, 26) are positioned on a grid or grid as the receptacle (30).Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cut surface is acted upon by water vapor passing through the perforations.Process according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that steam is introduced into the reaction space (40) via a nozzle which draws in from the reaction space via an atmosphere, such as a Venturi nozzle.Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the atmosphere in the reaction space (40) is mixed by means of at least one fan driven by the water vapor supplied to the interior.Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exhaust gas is fed to an after-combustion, wherein before the after-combustion of the exhaust gas its oxidisable fraction is determined and the control is carried out as a function of the oxidisable fraction of water vapour feed and / or oxygen and / or CO 2- feed to the reaction space (40) and / or temperature in the reaction space, wherein the control includes a switching off of the pyrolysis.Method according to at least claim 9, characterised in that the post-combustion is carried out in a post-combustion chamber (74) to which the exhaust gas and air are supplied, and in that, depending on the air supplied to the post-combustion chamber, the water vapour supply and / or oxygen and / or CO 2- supply to the reaction chamber (40) and / or temperature in the reaction chamber is regulated, wherein the regulation also includes a switching off of the pyrolysis.Method according to at least Claim 9 and / or 10, characterized in that the regulation of the water vapor and / or O 2 and / or CO 2- feed and / or temperature to be fed to the reaction space (40) is carried out redundantly and diversifiedally in the reaction space.Process according to at least one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the water vapor is replaced by CO 2.Arrangement (10) for processing radioactive waste stored in a container, comprising a reaction space (40) accommodating the container for carrying out pyrolysis, wherein an atmosphere and a temperature T of ≥ 200°C, in particular T > 400°C, preferably 400°C < T < 800°C, at most 950°C, can be adjusted in the reaction space and wherein a pre- or loading space (14) is arranged upstream of the reaction space and a sorting space is arranged downstream of the reaction space, characterized in that a separating device for severing the container and a receptacle (30, 32) having an aperture for placing the separating surface of a container part (24, 26) are present in the pre-space (14), in that a transport device for transporting the receptacle into the reaction space (40) is provided, and in that at least one device is provided in the reaction space (40), via which the atmosphere within the reaction space can be circulated and / or gaseous fluid such as water vapor and / or CO 2 and / or O 2 can be supplied in a targeted manner through the perforations of the receptacle of the separating surface of the container part (24, 26).Arrangement according to Claim 13, characterized in that the device is a nozzle via which gaseous fluid can be fed from the outside to the reaction space (40) while simultaneously aspirating atmosphere from the reaction space.Arrangement according to claim 13, characterised in that the receptacle (32) has a grid or a grid with the apertures (30), which grid or grid runs at a distance from a base or support, and in that the device is a rod body (34, 36), such as a lance, with a nozzle and / or spray head, via which rod body or grid the gaseous fluid can be guided through the apertures in the direction of the base or the support.Arrangement according to at least one of Claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the gaseous fluids, in particular superheated steam, can be fed to the reaction space (40) via a connection, carbon dioxide and / or oxygen being feedable via the connection or at least one further connection in a stereolithography to a maximum stoichiometry amount,Arrangement according to at least one of Claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the reaction space (40) is connected via a pyrolysis gas line (42) to an afterburning chamber (74), in that the pyrolysis gas line is connected to a first measuring device (86) for determining oxidizable constituents in the pyrolysis gas and / or in that the afterburning chamber originates from a second line (78), in which oxygen content of the gas discharged from the afterburning chamber can be measured by means of a second measuring device (80), wherein an amount of the air supplied to the afterburning chamber can be regulated as a function of the measured oxygen content and wherein the amount of air and / or the amount of oxidizable constituents in the pyrolysis gas is or are controlled variables or controlled variables or controlled variables for the gaseous fluid and / or oxygen and / or carbon dioxide to be supplied to the reaction space.

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