Actuator for a parking lock

Abstract

Actuator (1) for a parking lock (2), comprising at least the following components: - an axial drive means (3) for transmitting an axial force (4); - an actuating element (5) with an actuating axis (6) which can be moved axially from a normal position to a deflected position by means of the axial force (4) of the axial drive means (3); - a first energy storage element (7) for transmitting a storage force (9) antagonistic to the axial force (4), wherein the free actuating element (5) is forced by the storage force (9) in the direction of the normal position; - a release element (10) which is movable between an inactive position and an unlocking position, wherein in the unlocking position the actuating element (5) is held in the deflected position by means of the release element (10) and in the inactive position the actuating element (5) is free, - a stopper element (11); - a stopper component (12) corresponding to the stopper element (11); as well as - a retaining element (13) which is movable between a released position and a locked position, wherein while the actuating element (5) is in the deflected position, the retaining element (13) in the locked position fixes the stopper element (11) and the stopper component (12) to each other, wherein, regardless of the axial drive means (3), the actuating element (5) is held in the deflected position against the storage force (9) of the first energy storage element (7) by means of the stopper element (11) which is fixed in the locking position by the retaining element (13), where Furthermore, a separate release element (14) is provided, by means of which the retaining element (13) can be moved into the released position.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an actuating actuator for a parking lock, comprising at least the following components: - an axial drive device for transmitting an axial force; - an actuating element with an actuating axis, which can be moved axially from a first position to a second position by means of the axial force of the axial drive means; - a stopper element; - a stopper component corresponding to the stopper element; - a release element which is movable between an inactive position and an unlocking position; as well as - A holding element that is movable between a released position and a locked position, wherein, while the actuating element is in the second position, the stopper element and the stopper component are fixed relative to each other with the holding element in the locked position. The actuating actuator is characterized in particular by the fact that a separate release element is further provided by means of which the holding element can be moved into the released position. The invention further relates to a parking lock for a parking lock device of a transmission, a parking lock device with such a parking lock, a transmission with such a parking lock device for a drive train, a drive train with such a transmission, and a motor vehicle with such a drive train.

[0002] Parking locks are known, for example, from DE 10 2018 115 548 A1 or DE 10 2004 030 007 A1. Motor vehicles with parking locks, such as so-called by-wire parking locks, in a normally locked configuration (i.e., with the chassis locked in the event of a system failure), which remain in the production plant for extended periods, cannot be freely moved during assembly without a power supply. It is necessary to adjust the assembly sequence and / or install a temporary power supply. One solution is, for example, a release element. Such a release element is usually operated separately, for example, manually using a (self-locking) screw. This ensures that the vehicle can be moved. However, for commissioning, it must be ensured that the parking lock properly engages again (e.g., in the event of a system failure) and blocks the chassis.This is either subject to human control and therefore prone to errors, or it requires additional effort for measuring sensors on the unlocking element.

[0003] Based on this, the present invention aims to overcome, at least partially, the disadvantages known from the prior art. The features of the invention are defined in the independent claims, for which advantageous embodiments are shown in the dependent claims. The features of the claims can be combined in any technically meaningful way, whereby the explanations in the following description and features from the figures, which comprise supplementary embodiments of the invention, can also be used.

[0004] The invention relates to an actuating actuator for a parking lock, comprising at least the following components: - an axial drive device for transmitting an axial force; - an actuating element with an actuating axis, which can be moved axially from a normal position to a deflected position by means of the axial force of the axial drive means; - a first energy storage element for transmitting a storage force antagonistic to the axial force, wherein the free actuating element is forced by the storage force in the direction of the normal position; - a release element which is movable between an inactive position and an unlocking position, wherein in the unlocking position the actuating element is held in the deflected position and in the inactive position the actuating element is free, - a stopper element; - a stopper component corresponding to the stopper element; as well as - a holding element which is movable between a released position and a locked position, wherein, while the actuating element is in the deflected position, the holding element in the locked position fixes the stopper element and the stopper component to each other, wherein, regardless of the axial drive means, the actuating element is held in the deflected position against the storage force of the first energy storage element by means of the stopper element fixed in the locking position by the holding element.

[0005] The actuating actuator is characterized primarily by the fact that a separate release element is provided, by means of which the holding element can be moved into the released position.

[0006] Unless explicitly stated otherwise, ordinal numbers used in the preceding and following descriptions serve solely for unambiguous differentiation and do not indicate any order or ranking of the components referred to. An ordinal number greater than one does not necessarily imply the presence of another such component.

[0007] The actuating actuator proposed here comprises an axial drive element, for example, an electric actuator with a spindle drive or a slave piston of a fluidic, i.e., pneumatic or hydraulic, actuation system. An axial force can be exerted along an actuation axis by means of the axial drive element and transmitted to the actuating element. The actuating element is, for example, a plunger or rod, an axially movable spindle, or an axially movable spindle nut. The actuating element is configured to transmit the axial force of the axial drive element to a locking mechanism. The actuating element is guided so as to be movable along an actuation axis and can be moved axially from a (normal) first position to a (displaced) second position by means of the axial drive element.In a preferred embodiment, the actuating element can be returned to its normal position passively by the storage force of the first energy storage element, which is antagonistic to the axial force of the axial drive element. Alternatively, the actuating element can also be returned from the deflected position to the normal position by the axial drive element. The axial force of the axial drive element, which can be transmitted by means of the actuating element, is designed to overcome an antagonistic force of the first energy storage element and a locking mechanism, preferably enabling a (normally locking) locking mechanism to be moved from the locked state to the unlocked state. Alternatively, conversely, a (normally open) locking mechanism can be moved from the unlocked state to the locked state. The (first) energy storage element is, for example, designed as a helical compression spring, disc spring, magnetic spring, or gas spring.Preferably, the first energy storage element is designed as a helical compression spring with a spring axis parallel or coaxial to the actuating axis.

[0008] To maintain the respective state of the locking mechanism with minimal energy expenditure, a stop element is proposed which interacts with a corresponding stop component in such a way as to form a friction-fit and / or positive-locking connection. In one embodiment, the stop element is fixed to the axial drive element or the actuating element, and the stop component is fixed axially to a counter bearing of the axial drive element, at least during the deflected position of the actuating element. Alternatively, the reverse is implemented. In one embodiment, the stop element is formed by at least one tab with a contact point, wherein the contact point can be brought into contact with the corresponding stop component to apply the holding force.In one embodiment, an additional (preferably switchable) magnetic (stopper) force is generated, which supports the stopper force resulting from the positive locking and / or frictional locking. In this embodiment, the stopper force provides a force that complements the axial force, and by means of, or during, the provision of the stopper force, the (required) axial force to overcome the aforementioned antagonistic storage force can be reduced, consequently reducing the energy consumption of the actuating actuator. In another embodiment, the stopper force is negligibly small, preferably with no magnetic force being provided between the stopper element and the corresponding stopper component.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the corresponding stopper component (or stopper element), fixed in the deflected position, is axially fixed and thus rigid relative to the counter bearing of the axial drive element (for example, the fluidic cylinder of a slave piston). In an alternative embodiment, the corresponding stopper component is movable with the axial drive element or the actuating element and fixed in the second position by means of a stop.

[0010] To ensure the parking lock returns to its normal state (whether normally locked or normally open), the stopping force must be less than the storage force of the first energy storage element (possibly in combination with the antagonistic force of the locking mechanism) that is antagonistic to the axial force of the axial drive element. This antagonistic (total) force must be transferable to move the actuating element from the deflected position to the normal position. In a normally locked configuration of the parking lock, the axial force actively moves the parking lock from the (normal) locked state to the (deviating) free state. Thus, the normal position of the actuating element corresponds to the locked state (parked position), and the deflected position corresponds to the free state (driving position).In the normal position, no axial force is required or exerted, so no external energy input is necessary for the axial drive element. The normal position of the actuating element is secured by the stored force of the first energy storage element. An axial force is required to move the actuating element into the deflected position, thus necessitating an external energy input.

[0011] However, if external energy input for the actuating element is not possible, for example, in the event of a vehicle system failure, during factory maintenance, or after a long period of inactivity, a release element is proposed. The release element is designed to be movably mounted between an inactive and an unlocking position. The unlocking position is selected such that the actuating element is held in its deflected position by the release element. The inactive position of the release element is defined such that the actuating element is free, i.e., not held by the release element.

[0012] In one embodiment, the release element comprises an actuating tip, such that the release element can be brought into force-transmitting contact with the actuating element by means of the actuating tip. The actuating tip forms a projection from the release element. Preferably, the release element is formed integrally with the actuating tip from a single sheet metal part.

[0013] To ensure that the stopping force is sufficient to hold the actuating element in the deflected position (e.g., the driving position for a parking lock in a normal-locking configuration), it is proposed that a retaining element be included. This retaining element is movable between a locked and a released position. In the locked position, the retaining element fixes the state of the corresponding stopping component and the stopping element in the state corresponding to the deflected position of the actuating element. Thus, the retaining element transmits a force such that the resulting stopping force is sufficient to overcome the force antagonistic to the axial force of the axial drive mechanism.In a purely frictional connection between the stopper element and the corresponding stopper component, an additional holding force is preferably applied by the retaining element to increase the frictional adhesion, particularly preferably by means of a cam, for example a ramp shape on the retaining element and / or on the stopper element. At a minimum, the retaining element forms a positive connection with the stopper element such that the stopper element is prevented from moving out of position. The possibility of movement out of position (without action by the retaining element) is intentional, so that the connection between the stopper element and the corresponding stopper component (under the influence of the antagonistic storage force or sum force) releases automatically as soon as the retaining element is in the released position and the axial force of the axial drive element is sufficiently low, preferably minimal (for example zero or negative).

[0014] In one embodiment, the (corresponding) stopper component is formed by means of an undercut (relative to the actuating axis), for example, by means of a groove. In another embodiment, the contact point of the stopper element is a protrusion, preferably at a tip of the stopper element designed as a tab, which can be recessed axially behind the undercut, for example, a groove, to form a positive fit. In another embodiment, the stopper element is formed by at least one spring tab with an axial main extension and a radial spring direction. In a preferred embodiment, to avoid tilting forces transverse to the actuating axis, an arrangement of sub-elements of the stopper element and the stopper component, and preferably of the retaining element, is formed that is symmetrical to the actuating axis; a ring-like arrangement is particularly preferred.For example, the stopper element comprises a plurality of (preferably spring-loaded) tabs, and the corresponding stopper component includes a complementary receptacle, such as a circumferential mating surface or undercut (e.g., a groove). The retaining element is then preferably also complementary to the plurality of tabs or ring-shaped.

[0015] Furthermore, it is proposed here that the retaining element can be moved from its locked position to the unlocked position by means of a release element. The release element is designed such that the retaining element is carried along by a movement of the release element, preferably axial. The release element thus has a first (inactive) position corresponding to the locked position of the retaining element and a second (release) position corresponding to the unlocked position of the retaining element. In the inactive position of the release element, the retaining element is held or moved as described above. In the release position of the release element, the retaining element is forced out of its locked position into its unlocked position by the release element. That is, the retaining element is forced into the unlocked position by the release element in its unlocked position.For example, a drive surface is provided on the release element so that the drive surface can be brought into force-transmitting contact with the holding element, whereby in the release position of the release element a force is exerted on the holding element opposite to the holding force. Thus, the stop element is (re)released and the actuating element is forced into its normal position by the antagonistic storage force, provided that no (or insufficient) axial force is exerted on the actuating element by the axial drive element. The release element is therefore an externally actuated (preferably manually) co-acting means, like the coil of a solenoid, and thus a redundant, fail-safe means for returning the actuating actuator to its normal state (e.g., the locking state of the locking mechanism).

[0016] In an advantageous embodiment of the actuating actuator, it is further proposed that the release element and the unlocking element are coupled to each other.

[0017] It is proposed here that the release element is coupled to the unlocking element such that both components can be moved simultaneously towards the actuating element and the holding element, respectively, with the point in time or distance at which the release element and the unlocking element are in force-transmitting contact being different. The release element and the unlocking element are coupled to each other in such a way that, in the inactive position of the unlocking element, the release element is not in contact with the holding element.Conversely, when the unlocking element is in its unlocking position (i.e., in force-transmitting contact with the actuating element), the release element is simultaneously in force-transmitting contact with the retaining element, so that the latter is held in its released position and, more importantly, remains in its released position until the stopper element is detached from the stopper component. As soon as the retaining element is released from the release element and can return to its locking position, the actuating element is no longer held by the retaining element (by means of the stopper element).

[0018] In one embodiment, the unlocking element and the release element are formed in multiple parts, preferably in two parts, and are coupled to each other, for example, via a flange and / or a common axial screw. In this embodiment, the release element and the unlocking element are arranged parallel to each other such that the unlocking element can be brought into contact with the actuating element and the release element with the retaining element, or preferably, the actuating tip and the drive surface can be brought into contact.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the unlocking element and the release element are formed integrally, and preferably in one piece. Preferably, both components can be arranged along a common axial line of movement, thus reducing the required installation space. For example, both components are manufactured from a single sheet and shaped accordingly, preferably being axially guided by a common unlocking bearing.

[0020] In an advantageous embodiment of the actuating actuator, it is further proposed that the unlocking element and / or the release element be designed as: - Swivel lever; or - Shear element.

[0021] In one embodiment, the unlocking element and / or the release element is rotatably mounted as a pivot lever about a pivot axis. In another embodiment, both components are jointly designed as a single unit, preferably in one piece, and arranged to pivot about a pivot axis such that the unlocking element can be brought into contact with the actuating element and the release element with the retaining element.

[0022] In an alternative embodiment, the unlocking element and / or the release element is designed as a push element. The push element is configured for (preferably axial) movement and is particularly preferably arranged parallel to the actuating axis. The push element is arranged such that the unlocking element can be brought into contact with the actuating element and the release element with the holding element. For example, in this embodiment, the two components are formed in multiple parts, preferably in two parts, for example, from sheet metal.

[0023] It should be noted that all combinations resulting from the embodiment described above are possible, with a coupling to each other being formed simultaneously. Such a pivot lever and / or such a push element are designed such that the unlocking element and the release element are brought into contact with the actuating element or holding element simultaneously or at the required time or distance.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, both components are formed in one piece and designed as a shear element, the common shear element having two projections. The two projections serve as an actuating tip and / or a drive surface, enabling force-transmitting contact (for example, via an actuating tip) with the actuating element and (for example, via a drive surface) with the holding element. Due to the one-piece construction and the preferably axial line of movement, a small radial installation space requirement is achievable.

[0025] In a further advantageous embodiment of the actuating actuator for a parking lock, it is proposed that a lifting magnet with a coil and a lifting piston axially movable by means of a magnetic force generated by the coil is provided. wherein the holding element is rigidly connected to the axially movable piston, wherein preferably the magnetic force is a tensile force.

[0026] It is proposed here that a solenoid with a coil and a piston axially movable by means of a magnetic force generated by the coil is provided, wherein the retaining element is rigidly connected to the axially movable piston. Thus, by energizing the coil, such a magnetic field with a resulting magnetic force on the retaining element (which can be switched off) is induced, so that when the magnetic force is applied, the retaining element is moved from the locked position to the released position. This provides electronic switching capability for fixing the actuating element in the deflected position, which deviates from its normal position (for example, the driving position in a normally locking parking lock device). In one embodiment, the retaining element and the piston are formed integrally.

[0027] Additionally, it is proposed here that the solenoid incorporates a second energy storage element. This second energy storage element is designed to apply a holding force to the piston, counteracting the magnetic force of the solenoid. Thus, the piston (i.e., the holding element) is passively held in the locked position by means of the second energy storage element and can only be actively moved to the released position by energizing the solenoid's coil. For a parking lock in a normal-locking configuration, the actuating actuator is designed such that when electrical energy is supplied to the coil, the holding element moves from its locked position to its released position, thereby transitioning the parking lock from a (passively secured) free state to the (normal, i.e., passive) locked state. The reverse is true for a parking lock in a normal-open configuration.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the coil inducing the magnetic force is designed such that the magnetic force (with respect to the piston) is a tensile force. Due to this tensile force, the active axial movement of the piston (resulting from the current flowing through the coil) is directed towards the coil. The second energy storage element is dimensioned such that the minimum (active) magnetic force is greater than the (correspondingly minimum or maximum) holding force. Only when the magnetic force is switched off (i.e., zero or sufficiently low) can the holding element return to the released position.

[0029] Alternatively or additionally, in one embodiment it is proposed that the actuating element can be fixed in the deflected position (preferably the driving position) independently of the axial drive element. For this purpose, the actuating element and the axial drive element are designed in multiple parts, preferably two parts. This allows the actuating element to be moved into the deflected position (preferably by the unlocking element), for example, in a passive state of the vehicle, without having to move the axial drive element along with it, or allowing the axial drive element to return to its normal position while the actuating element remains in the deflected position.

[0030] It should be noted that in one embodiment, the holding element cannot be actively moved from the locked position to the released position by means of a solenoid. Instead, a switchable holding magnet is provided, for example, which holds the holding element in the released position (with appropriate energization of the holding magnet), but does not allow the holding element to be actively moved beyond this position. The holding element can then only be moved to the released position by means of the axial drive. Therefore, if the holding element is in the locked position, a corresponding stroke must first be executed by the actuating element using an axial force from the axial drive to move the holding element to the released position.Then the holding element is held in the released position by the holding magnet (active), and thus the actuating element is free to assume its normal position as soon as the axial force is less than the antagonistic storage force.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the actuating element and the axial drive are manufactured as a single piece, particularly preferably as a single unit. A one-piece actuating element is more cost-effective and saves radial space due to the avoidance of compound tolerances. Furthermore, the one-piece actuating element allows for more precise axial movement between the first (normal) position and the second (displaced) position using simple means.

[0032] In an advantageous embodiment of the actuating actuator, it is further proposed that the actuating actuator includes a position sensor for detecting at least one predetermined position of the actuating element.

[0033] The position sensor is, for example, a magnetic, inductive, optical, or contact sensor. The position sensor is designed to detect at least one predetermined position (for example, at least the driving position or unlocked position) of the actuating element. The corresponding signal is evaluated and / or displayed in a control unit. This makes it possible to warn a user that the normal locking function is deactivated, or preferably, that (software-based) driving is prevented as long as the normal locking function is deactivated. This is detected, for example, by the fact that no (or insufficient) axial force is exerted by the axial drive mechanism while the actuating element is in the driving position.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, a warning is issued when the actuating element is in the driving position, or simply when the positions of the actuating element (in the driving position) and the axial drive (corresponding to the park position) diverge. For example, the position of the axial drive is detected via a pressure sensor (fluidic drive) or a revolution counter (spindle drive).

[0035] According to an advantageous embodiment, a position magnet (permanent magnet) interacts with a magnetic field sensor such that the current position, or at least one of the positions, of the actuating element can be uniquely determined by means of the magnetic field sensor. In one embodiment, the magnetic field sensor is configured to output a passive signal (e.g., no signal) when the position magnet is not within the detection range of the magnetic field sensor. The passive signal is then interpreted to mean that the actuating element is, for example, in the park position, and upon active querying (e.g., in a motor vehicle with the electronics activated by the ignition key), this locked state is output, for example, as an audible signal and / or a visual indicator.

[0036] The position magnet is, for example, a separate component that is received by the actuating element, for instance, inserted into a sleeve-like actuating element and securely positioned. In another embodiment, the position magnet is applied to and / or integrated into the radially outer surface of the actuating element. The magnetic field sensor is, for example, attached to the actuating actuator, for instance, by screws, so that the magnetic field sensor is precisely aligned with the position magnet. The magnetic field sensor and actuating actuator thus form an assembly that can be easily installed in a vehicle during manufacturing without having to subsequently align the magnetic field sensor with the position magnet.

[0037] When the unlocking element and the release element are coupled, the position sensor can simultaneously determine whether the release element is in its inactive position (inactive position of the unlocking element) or in its releasing position (unlocking position of the unlocking element). However, it is not an impermissible operating condition if it cannot be (reliably) determined whether the release element is in the inactive position. In the event that the release element is mistakenly in the releasing position, the corresponding state simply needs to be maintained, albeit with a (or greater) energy expenditure.

[0038] According to another aspect, a parking lock for a parking lock device of a gearbox is proposed, comprising at least the following components: - a locking mechanism for locking a ratchet wheel in a torque flow, wherein, in the engagement of the locking mechanism, the ratchet wheel is blocked in a locking state and, in a free state, the ratchet wheel is released; and - an actuating actuator according to an embodiment as described above, wherein in the deflected position of the actuating element the locking mechanism is taken out of the locking state and wherein the normal position of the actuating element corresponds to the locking state of the locking mechanism.

[0039] The parking lock proposed here is designed such that the locking mechanism blocks the locking wheel in a locked position, and the locking mechanism only releases the locking wheel in a free position. In the free position, the locking wheel is freely rotatable, for example, when used in a motor vehicle transmission, allowing the vehicle to roll. It should be noted that the locking wheel is integrated into the torque flow of a transmission. When the actuating element is engaged, the locking mechanism blocks the torque flow, and the transmission is locked. Therefore, in such a transmission application, the motor vehicle cannot roll when the locking wheel is in the locked position. The parking lock comprises an actuating actuator with an actuating element connected to the locking mechanism.The actuating element is connected to the locking mechanism in such a way that, when the actuating element is in the deflected position, the locking mechanism exhibits a state that deviates from the normal state. In a parking lock with a normal locking configuration, the free state can therefore be actively brought about by means of the actuating actuator. However, the state that deviates from the normal state does not need to be actively maintained (i.e., requiring external energy input), but is passively held by the stopper element and the stopper component with the support of the holding element. For example, by energizing the (purely optional) coil of the solenoid described above, the stopper element is disconnected from the stopper component, and thus (preferably passively) the actuating element is moved from the deflected position to the normal position. The locking mechanism is therefore free to return to the normal state from the deviated state.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, a locking element is additionally provided. The locking element is designed to hold the unlocking element in the unlocking position. If the locking element does not hold the unlocking element in the unlocking position, the unlocking element cannot passively maintain the free state of the locking mechanism. This means that the unlocking position, the alternative state (and thus, in the case of a parking lock in a normal locking configuration, the free state), of the locking mechanism can only be permanently set through the interaction of the unlocking element and the locking element.

[0041] According to another aspect, a parking barrier device is proposed, featuring a locking wheel for arrangement in a lockable torque flow and a parking lock according to an embodiment as described above, wherein the locking wheel can be blocked by means of the locking mechanism.

[0042] The parking lock device proposed here comprises a parking lock and a corresponding locking wheel. The locking wheel is integrated into the drive train of a motor vehicle, preferably in a transmission, and can be locked by means of the locking mechanism as described above, thus preventing it from rotating about its wheel axis.

[0043] In one embodiment, the parking lock and the locking wheel form a single unit. Such a unit can be supplied as a single, integrated component and installed at the intended mounting location, for example in a motor vehicle, without the need to disassemble it. In one embodiment, the locking mechanism, and in another embodiment also the locking wheel, form a single unit, while the actuating actuator is formed separately, with the actuating actuator forming a separate additional unit in yet another embodiment.

[0044] The locking wheel is installed in a drive train in such a way that at least one of the consumers is prevented from transmitting or receiving torque when the locking mechanism is in the locking state, i.e., when the locking wheel is blocked.

[0045] According to another aspect, a gearbox for a drive train is proposed, comprising at least the following components: - a parking lock device according to an embodiment as described above; - a torque transmission gear which includes the locking wheel; and - a gearbox housing that surrounds a gearbox compartment, wherein the locking mechanism of the parking lock, preferably completely, and particularly preferably the entire parking lock device, is arranged in the gearbox compartment.

[0046] The transmission, for example an automatic transmission for a motor vehicle's drivetrain, includes the differential gear. For instance, the differential gear forms a spur gear in a torque transmission designed as a selectable reduction gearbox. The transmission has a torque input, for example one or more input shafts, and a torque output, for example one or more output shafts. Within the transmission, the torque is redirected, reduced, multiplied, and / or distributed according to the application (as a differential).

[0047] In one embodiment, the transmission includes a clutch, for example a friction clutch or a dog clutch, in the torque flow. The torque input is located on the drive motor side and the torque output on the consumer side. However, the torque direction can also be reversed, from a consumer (during recuperation) to a drive motor or a generator. Furthermore, in an advantageous embodiment of the transmission, it is proposed that the parking lock, either entirely or just the locking mechanism, be integrated into a transmission compartment formed by a transmission housing.

[0048] According to another aspect, a powertrain is proposed comprising at least the following components: - at least one drive motor to deliver torque; - at least one consumer to absorb a torque; and - a transmission according to an embodiment as described above, wherein the at least one drive machine and the at least one consumer are connected to each other by means of the transmission in a torque-transmitting manner, wherein torque transmission between the drive machine and the at least one consumer is prevented by means of the parking lock device in the locking state of the locking mechanism.

[0049] The proposed drivetrain comprises at least one drive motor, for example an internal combustion engine and / or an electric drive motor, which, at least in one main state, forms the torque source of a torque flow. It also includes at least one consumer, for example, the drive wheels of a motor vehicle, which, at least in one main state, forms the torque sink of the torque flow. A transmission, according to an embodiment as described above, is interposed, through which the (preferably entire wheel-side) torque flow is routed. If the transmission is locked, the torque flow is blocked, and torque transmission in the drivetrain between the torque source and the torque sink is prevented.

[0050] The proposed drivetrain includes a transmission with a parking lock mechanism that passively maintains both the driving position (unlocked state) and the park position (locked state), without requiring external power. The transmission can be manufactured with the same installation space and only slightly higher costs compared to a parking lock mechanism without a release function. Furthermore, it ensures a high level of safety, as the drivetrain will only be activated while the parking lock mechanism is disengaged. Finally, the unlocked state can be released again without requiring external power.

[0051] According to a further aspect, a motor vehicle is proposed comprising at least one drive wheel and a drive train according to an embodiment as described above. wherein, for the propulsion of the motor vehicle, a torque can be transferred from the at least one drive motor of the drive train to the at least one drive wheel, and The rolling of the motor vehicle is prevented by means of the parking lock device in the locked state of the locking mechanism.

[0052] The motor vehicle is, for example, a passenger car, a truck, or a motorized two-wheeler. The motor vehicle has a drivetrain according to an embodiment as described above. The torque available from the at least one drive motor is transmitted via the transmission to the at least one drive wheel (consumer). The transmission described here is preferably a selectable transmission. Alternatively, the transmission is, for example, a fixed transmission, i.e., with an unchangeable gear ratio, or a differential, or a slip clutch. The parking lock device proposed here is preferably designed as described above and is particularly preferably integrated into the transmission.

[0053] Rotation of at least one drive wheel is only possible in the park position if the parking lock (and the legally required parking brake) are released. For further details, please refer to the description of the parking lock device above.

[0054] The proposed powertrain for the vehicle includes a transmission with a parking lock mechanism that passively maintains both the driving position (unlocked state) and the park position (locked state), without requiring external power. The transmission can be manufactured with the same installation space and only slightly higher costs compared to a parking lock mechanism without a release function. Furthermore, it ensures a high level of safety, as the vehicle can only be started while the parking lock is disengaged. Finally, the unlocked state can be released again without requiring external power.

[0055] The invention described above is explained in detail below against the relevant technical background with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show preferred embodiments. The invention is in no way limited by the purely schematic drawings, although it should be noted that the drawings are not dimensionally accurate and are not suitable for defining size relationships. It is illustrated in Fig. 1: an actuating actuator with an actuating element in a deflected position; Fig. 2: an actuating actuator according to Fig. 1 with an actuating element in normal position; Fig. 3: an actuating actuator according to Fig. 1 with an actuating element in contact with a release element; Fig. 4: a locking mechanism of a parking barrier in the locked state; and Fig. 5: a drive train with a parking lock device in a motor vehicle.

[0056] In Fig. Figure 1 shows an actuating actuator 1 with an actuating element 5 in a deflected position in a schematic sectional view. The actuating actuator 1 is, for example, used to actuate a locking mechanism 23 according to Figure 1. Fig. 4. The actuating element 5 is actively movable along an actuating axis 6 by means of an axial drive 3, so that, as shown, the actuating element 5 can be moved from right to left. The axial drive 3 is designed here as a fluidic, preferably hydraulic, slave unit. A slave piston 34 in a slave cylinder 35 (counter bearing 36) is pressed from a normal (here first) position to a deflected (here second) position by a fluid. The resulting axial force 4 thus forces the actuating element 5 to the left, as shown. No tensile force can be transmitted from the slave unit to the actuating element 5. Rather, the actuating element 5 is biased to the right by means of a first energy storage element 7 (here a helical compression spring arranged coaxially to the actuating axis 6), as shown.Thus, the first energy storage element 7 exerts a storage force 9, antagonistic to the axial force 4, on the slave piston 34 and consequently on the actuating element 5. Without external energy input (here in the form of fluidic pressure), the actuating element 5 therefore (passively) maintains its normal position (compare ). Fig. 2) taken.

[0057] A stop element 11 is provided here, which is rigidly connected to the axial drive element 3. The stop element 11 is designed as a detent element, more precisely as (plural of) spring tabs, with a contact point. The corresponding stop component 12 is rigidly connected to the counter bearing 36 of the axial drive element 3. The stop component 12 is designed here as a complementary detent receptacle, whereby the contact point of the stop element 11 is secured by a corresponding undercut. Thus, when a sufficient axial force 4 of the axial drive element 3 is applied, the stop element 11 slides into the stop component 12, which is designed here as an undercut (positive locking), preferably in the manner of a snap closure. The stop force 37 is so small that it alone cannot generate a locking force against the storage force 9 of the first energy storage element 7.Rather, the storage force 9 is so large that the connection between the stopper element 11 and the stopper component 12 can be released, so that the actuating element 5 is passively moved into its normal position. If insufficient axial force 4 is generated, the stopper element 11 slides out of the stopper component 12 and the actuating element 5 assumes its normal position.

[0058] Because in a motor vehicle 33 the deflected position (with the locking mechanism 23 according to Fig. Since the 4 driving position) is a permanent state during operation, little or no external energy absorption is desired. A retaining element 13 is provided for this purpose. The retaining element 13 secures the stopper element 11 (at least additionally) against slipping out during the deflected position, here by means of a positive locking mechanism (snap closure). The holding force 38 of the retaining element 13 is sufficient to fix the connection between the stopper element 11 and the stopper component 12 against the storage force 9 of the first energy storage element 7.

[0059] In this embodiment, the retaining element 13 itself is pre-tensioned into the shown locking position by means of a second energy storage element 8 by means of a holding force 39, thus securing the contact point of the spring tab (stop element 11) in the detent groove (stop component 12). When the coil 16 is energized, a magnetic field is generated such that a magnetic force 17, pointing in the direction of the axial force 4, is applied to the piston 18 and thus to the retaining element 13, which is integrally formed with it. The holding force 39 is overcome, and the stop element 11 releases from the stop component 12 when a sufficiently small (e.g., negligible) axial force 4 is applied. As a result of the storage force 9 of the first energy storage element 7, the actuating element 5 is returned to its normal position.

[0060] Furthermore, the illustrated embodiment includes an (optional) position sensor 19, which here is designed as a magnetic field sensor 20 and a position magnet 19 (permanent magnet). The magnetic field sensor 20 is (here purely optionally) fixed relative to the counter bearing 36 of the axial drive element 3, and (correspondingly) the position magnet 19 is integrated into the actuating element 5. This allows the position of the actuating element 5 to be electronically detected or determined.

[0061] In this embodiment, the actuating element 5 can only be moved into the deflected position by means of the axial drive means 3. Additionally, a release element 10 is provided in the illustrated embodiment. The release element 10 allows the actuating element 5 to be moved into the deflected position from the outside (for example, via a screw or a push button). Here, the release element 10 is optionally designed to be axially movable parallel to the actuating axis 6. Alternatively, the release element 10 is pivotable about a pivot axis 40 (see Figure 1). Fig. 4) carried out. In this embodiment, the unlocking element 10 and the release element 14 are formed integrally, for example, from a sheet metal or plastic. The unlocking element 10 and the release element 14 are guided axially on a release bearing 41. The unlocking element 10 and the release element 14 are arranged such that, in the deflected position, they do not come into contact with the actuating element 5 or the retaining element 13, respectively.

[0062] In Fig. 2 is an actuating actuator 1 according to Fig. Figure 1 shows the actuating element 5 in its normal position. The slave piston 34 is returned to its normal position by means of the storage force 9 of the first energy storage element 7. The (purely optional) embodiment of the stopper element 11 as a spring tab arranged coaxially to the actuating axis 6, which is rigidly connected to the slave piston 34, is clearly visible here. Furthermore, the (purely optional) embodiment of the retaining element 13 as a circumferential ring is also evident. It should be noted that the retaining element 13 is again in the locking position, i.e., the coil 16 is de-energized or sufficiently energized so that the holding force 39 moves the retaining element 13 into the locking position. The axial force 4 is able to overcome the holding force 39 and thus latch the stopper element 11 with the stopper component 12, whereupon the retaining element 13 returns to the locking position.The entire process can be carried out without actuating coil 16.

[0063] The unlocking element 10 and the release element 14 are arranged in this normal position such that they are not brought into contact with the actuating element 5 or the release element 14, respectively.

[0064] In Fig. 3 is an actuating actuator 1 according to Fig. Figure 1 shows an actuating element 5 in contact with a release element 10. The release element 10 acts directly against a flange of the actuating element 5, and simultaneously, the release element 14 (for example, with a drive surface) acts against a flange of the retaining element 13. The release element 10 is thus displaceable parallel to the axial force 4 to the left, as shown, by means of a release force 42. The actuating element 5 is forced into the deflected position by means of the force-transmitting contact from the release element 10 to the flange of the actuating element 5 and the coupled force-transmitting contact of the release element 14 to the flange of the retaining element 13. The actuating element 5 is held in the second position against the storage force 9 of the first energy storage element 7 and the holding force 39 of the second energy storage element 8.The unlocking force 42 is therefore dimensioned such that the sum of the storage force 9 and the holding force 39 can be overcome. For example, when a screw is tightened, it acts on the unlocking element 10 and the coupled release element 14 in such a way that the corresponding unlocking force 42 can be applied.

[0065] It should be noted that preferably the actuating element 5 is not held in the deflected position shown by the unlocking element 10, but rather by the interaction of the stopper element 11, the stopper component 12, and the retaining element 13 (or the second energy storage element 8). An additional locking element to hold the unlocking element 10 in the deflected position shown is therefore unnecessary. For example, the unlocking element 10 is biased into an inactive position opposite to the unlocking position shown and returns automatically (passively) to the inactive position after actuation. Alternatively, the unlocking element 10 is freely movable or is permanently guided along with the actuating element 5.

[0066] In Fig. 4 is a locking mechanism 23 of a parking lock 2 (compare Fig. 5) in a normal locking configuration, shown in a schematic side view with a locking wheel 24. The locking mechanism 23 includes a parking pawl 43, which is rotatably mounted about its pawl axis 44 and is shown here in the locked state. When the locking mechanism 23 is moved into the locked state, the parking pawl 43 engages positively with the locking wheel 24, so that the locking wheel 24 is blocked. Then a cross member 45 is forced into a position by a preload spring 46 (shown here as a compression spring) such that (purely optionally by means of supporting the cross member 45 on a fixed frame 47, for example part of a gearbox housing 28, cf. Fig. 5) The parking pawl 43 is geometrically blocked in the locked position (tooth-in-gap engagement with the locking wheel 24). In a free state of the cross member 45 (not shown here), the preload spring 46 is tensioned (here compressed to the left). In this embodiment, the parking pawl 43 is lifted out of a tooth gap of the locking wheel 24 by means of a release spring 48 (for example, a torsion spring or compression spring).

[0067] In its normal state, the parking lock pawl 43 can only be moved from the engaged (locking) state to the free state by an actuating element 5 (indicated here on the right) of an actuating actuator 1 actively exerting an axial force 4 opposite to the preload by means of the preload spring 46 against the cross member 45 (to the left in the illustration), thus tensioning the preload spring 46. The actuating actuator 1 is, for example, as shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 3 shown. The parking lock pawl 43 therefore remains in the free state as long as the cross member 45 is deflected by the actuating element 5 of the actuating actuator 1, and the locking wheel 24 is freely rotatable about its wheel axis 49.

[0068] In this advantageous embodiment, the parking lock 2 further comprises a release element 10, which in the illustrated embodiment is a pivot lever pivotable about a pivot axis 40. The pivot axis 40 is perpendicular to the actuating axis 6. The release element 10 shown here acts with its actuating tip 50 (optionally directly) on the flange of the actuating element 5, so that in this embodiment, by pivoting clockwise about the pivot axis 40, the parking lock pawl 43 can be moved from the engaged (locking) state to the free state.

[0069] In Fig. Figure 5 schematically shows a motor vehicle 33 with a drive train 26 in a top view, wherein a drive motor 30, optionally shown here as an electric drive motor 30, is arranged perpendicular to a longitudinal axis 51, along a motor axis 52. The motor axis 52 is arranged in the direction of travel in front of a driver's cab 53 of the motor vehicle 33. The drive train 26 is configured to propel the motor vehicle 33 by driving a left drive wheel 31 and a right drive wheel 32 (optionally the front axle of the motor vehicle 33) by means of a torque output from the drive motor 30 via a transmission 22, thus forming a torque flow 25 (shown here with the direction corresponding to a tractive torque), shown with dashed lines. For example, a torque transmission transmission 27 is part of a transmission 22, which can be shifted by a driver in the driver's cab 53 by means of a gearshift lever 54.

[0070] A parking lock device 21 is arranged in the torque flow 25, enabling the left drive wheel 31 and the right drive wheel 32 to be locked. The parking lock device 21 comprises a locking wheel 24, for example a gear wheel of the torque transmission gear 27 of the transmission 22 or an additional wheel of the torque transmission gear 27, and a parking lock 2, wherein the parking lock 2 comprises a locking mechanism 23 and an actuating actuator 1. The locking mechanism 23 is, for example, as shown in Fig. Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment of the parking lock device 21, in which (optionally) the locking mechanism 23 is arranged inside the gearbox compartment 29 in a gearbox housing 28 of the gearbox 22 and the actuating actuator 1 is arranged outside the gearbox housing 28.

[0071] The locking wheel 24 is arranged in the torque flow 25 such that it prevents the motor vehicle 33 from rolling away. The parking lock device 21 can be operated here by at least one of the following operating elements: - from a gearshift lever 54, for example by means of a park position “P”, - a parking lever 55; and / or - an ignition button 56 (alternatively an ignition key).

[0072] Furthermore, the parking lock device 21 is preferably automatically operable; for example, when leaving the motor vehicle 33 (e.g., after locking), the parking lock 2 is automatically engaged.

[0073] With the proposed actuator, both the driving and park positions are passively maintained. Furthermore, the driving position can be easily restored in the event of a system failure, for example, using the unlocking and release elements. Reference symbol list 1 Actuator 2 parking restrictions 3 Axial drive elements 4 Axial force 5 Actuating element 6 Actuating axis 7. First energy storage element (actuating element) 8 second energy storage element (holding element) 9 Storage capacity 10 Release element 11 Stopper element 12 stopper components 13 Holding element 14 Solvent 15 Lifting magnet 16 coil 17 Magnetic force 18 pistons 19 Position magnet 20 Magnetic field sensor 21 Parking lock device 22 gearboxes 23 Locking mechanism 24 locking wheel 25 Torque flow 26 Powertrain 27 Torque transmission gearboxes 28 Gearbox housings 29 Gearbox compartment 30 Drive machine 31 left drive wheel 32 right drive wheel 33 Motor vehicle 34 slave pistons 35 slave cylinders 36 counter bearings 37 Stopper force 38 Holding force 39 Lead force 40 Swivel axis 41 unlocking bearings 42 unlocking force 43 Parking lock latch 44 pawl axis 45 traverse 46 Preload spring 47 frame 48 Release spring 49 wheel axle 50 Actuating tip 51 Longitudinal axis 52 Engine axle 53 Driver's cab 54 Gear shift lever 55 Parking levers 56 Ignition button

Claims

[1] Actuator (1) for a parking lock (2), comprising at least the following components: - an axial drive means (3) for transmitting an axial force (4); - an actuating element (5) with an actuating axis (6) which can be moved axially from a normal position to a deflected position by means of the axial force (4) of the axial drive means (3); - a first energy storage element (7) for transmitting a storage force (9) antagonistic to the axial force (4), wherein the free actuating element (5) is forced by the storage force (9) in the direction of the normal position; - a release element (10) which is movable between an inactive position and an unlocking position, wherein in the unlocking position the actuating element (5) is held in the deflected position by means of the release element (10) and in the inactive position the actuating element (5) is free, - a stopper element (11); - a stopper component (12) corresponding to the stopper element (11); as well as - a retaining element (13) which is movable between a released position and a locked position, wherein while the actuating element (5) is in the deflected position, the retaining element (13) in the locked position fixes the stopper element (11) and the stopper component (12) to each other, wherein, regardless of the axial drive means (3), the actuating element (5) is held in the deflected position against the storage force (9) of the first energy storage element (7) by means of the stopper element (11) which is fixed in the locking position by the retaining element (13), where Furthermore, a separate release element (14) is provided, by means of which the retaining element (13) can be moved into the released position. [2] Actuating actuator (1) according to claim 1, wherein the release element (14) and the unlocking element (10) are coupled to each other. [3] Actuating actuator (1) according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the unlocking element (10) and / or the release element (14) are configured as: - Swivel lever; or - Shear element. [4] Actuator (1) for a parking lock (2) according to any of the preceding claims, comprising at least the following components: furthermore, a lifting magnet (15) with a coil (16) and a lifting piston (18) which can be moved axially by means of a magnetic force (17) generated by the coil (16) is provided, wherein the retaining element (13) is rigidly connected to the axially movable piston (18), wherein preferably the magnetic force (17) is a tensile force. [5] Actuator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the actuator (1) comprises a position sensor (19, 20) for detecting at least one predetermined position of the actuating element (5). [6] Parking lock (2) for a parking lock device (21) of a transmission (22), comprising at least the following components: - a locking mechanism (23) for locking a locking wheel (24) in a torque flow (25), wherein, in the engagement of the locking mechanism (23), the locking wheel (24) is blocked in a locking state and, in a free state, the locking wheel (24) is released; and - an actuating actuator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the deflected position of the actuating element (5) the locking mechanism (23) is led out of the locking state and wherein the normal position of the actuating element (5) corresponds to the locking state of the locking mechanism (23). [7] Parking lock device (21) comprising a locking wheel (24) for arrangement in a lockable torque flow (25) and a parking lock (2) according to claim 6, wherein the locking wheel (24) can be blocked by means of the locking mechanism (23). [8] Transmission (22) for a drive train (26), comprising at least the following components: - a parking lock device (21) according to claim 7; - a torque transmission gear (27) comprising the locking wheel (24); and - a gearbox housing (28) which surrounds a gearbox compartment (29), wherein the locking mechanism (23) of the parking lock (2), preferably completely, particularly preferably the entire parking lock device (21), is arranged in the gearbox compartment (29). [9] Powertrain (26), comprising at least the following components: - at least one drive motor (30) for delivering a torque; - at least one consumer (31, 32) to receive a torque; and - a transmission (22) according to claim 8, wherein the at least one drive machine (30) and the at least one consumer (31,32) are connected to each other by means of the gearbox (22) in a torque-transmitting manner, wherein a torque transmission between the drive machine (30) and the at least one consumer (31,32) is prevented by means of the parking lock device (21) in the locking state of the locking mechanism (23). [10] motor vehicle (33), comprising at least one drive wheel (31, 32) and one drive train (26) according to claim 9, wherein, for the propulsion of the motor vehicle (33), a torque can be transferred from the at least one drive motor (30) of the drive train (26) to the at least one drive wheel (31, 32), and the rolling of the motor vehicle (33) is prevented by means of the parking lock device (21) in the locked state of the locking mechanism (23).

Images