Connectors and connector arrangement

Abstract

Connectors (1), especially for high-current and / or high-voltage applications, for connecting to a mating connector (2) comprising connectors (1): -- a contact element (3) for electrical contacting with a mating contact element (4) of the mating connector (2), -- a roller element (5), -- a retaining element (6), wherein the contact element (3) is arranged between the roller element (5) and the holding element (6), wherein the connector (1) is configured so that the mating contact element (4) can be inserted between the roller element (5) and the retaining element (6), wherein the roller element (5) is rotatably displaceable about an axis of rotation (A) between a first position (S1) and a second position (S2), wherein the roller element (5) is arranged eccentrically offset to the axis of rotation (A) and / or wherein the roller element (5) has a non-circular cross-section, wherein in the second position (S2) of the roller element (5) with the counter contact element (4) inserted the contact element (3) and the counter contact element (4) are clamped between the roller element (5) and the holding element (6) along a clamping direction (K) which in particular runs perpendicular to the axis of rotation (A), wherein, in particular in the first position (S1) of the roller element (5), the counter-contact element (4) can be inserted between the roller element (5) and the retaining element (6) with an insertion force of at most 5N, preferably at most 2N, wherein the holding element (6) is coupled to the roller element (5) in such a way that when the roller element (5) is moved from the first position (S1) to the second position (S2), the holding element (6) is moved substantially along the clamping direction (K) towards the roller element (5).

Description

Field of invention

[0001] The invention relates to a connector and a connector arrangement. State of the art

[0002] Connectors for high-current applications (e.g., for electrical currents exceeding 10 A, preferably exceeding 50 A or even 100 A), such as those used in electric vehicles or automotive applications, often feature contact elements with spring lamellae, such as toroidal or socket-shaped lamellar cages, which are connected to a (e.g., shielded) cable by means of a mechanical crimp connection or ultrasonic welding. These connectors are designed to be mated with a mating connector, for example, by being inserted or mated along a specific insertion or mating direction. In the final state, a mating contact element of the mating connector makes electrical contact with the contact element of the connector. The spring lamellae of the contact element exert a normal force that ensures an electrical connection to the mating contact element even under mechanical and / or thermal load.This normal force is usually limited, however, because the insertion forces when connecting the connector to the mating connector should not exceed a defined level. To reduce the high insertion forces for the operator, lever or slide mechanisms, for example, can be used, thus reducing the operating force required for mating. However, such lever or slide mechanisms are often complex and expensive and require a large range of motion for operation. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce the insertion forces by applying a friction-reducing coating to at least one contact partner (contact element and / or mating contact element). However, this increases the cost and complexity of the manufacturing process for the corresponding contact partner. In addition, this can potentially increase the contact resistance in the area of ​​the contact point.

[0003] In other applications, the contact partners (contact element and mating contact element) can be designed, for example, as busbars. These can be screwed together to ensure a permanent connection. With M4 screws, for example, a contact force or normal force in the range of 2000 N to 2500 N can be achieved. Even higher normal forces can be achieved using M5 or M6 screws. However, such a screw connection of the contact partners requires additional installation space for the screws and the means to tighten or loosen them during maintenance.Furthermore, several additional steps are necessary before and / or after the contact partners are joined, which make the assembly process complex: the contact partners must be aligned exactly to each other in order to tighten the screw, the screw must be positioned, a tool for tightening the screw must be placed, the screw must be tightened, and the tool must be removed.

[0004] From DE 10 2018 202 960 A1, a connector for automotive and / or high-current applications is known in which the contact element is designed as a lamellar cage. To reduce the high insertion forces (between the contact element and the mating contact element) that occur during mating, a lever element is provided for the operator, which is actuated during the mating process when connecting the connector and mating connector.

[0005] From DE 10 2017 213 093 A1 a plug connector for high current applications is known, wherein the contact element is designed as a lamellar cage and in which a high insertion force (between contact element and counter-contact element) must be overcome during the insertion of a mating contact element into the contact element.

[0006] Connectors are known from DE 20 2012 010 007 U1, CN 1 02 097 686 A and DE 10 2006 043 176 A1 in which a contact element is pressed directly against a mating contact element by means of an eccentric roller.

[0007] US Patent 5,387,121 A discloses a connection arrangement in which two plates movable relative to each other are provided, each having a plurality of contact holes. Contact elements are inserted into the contact holes of one plate, and mating contact elements are inserted into the corresponding contact holes of the other plate. By means of an eccentric element, which can be actuated by a lever, one of the two plates can be displaced relative to the other plate, so that the contact elements located in the contact holes of this plate are pressed against the mating contact elements of the other plate.

[0008] From DE 282 035 A a multi-pole high-current cable coupling is known, the contacts of which are springily pressed together by a common tensile or compressive force, wherein the contacts of one cable are arranged on an insulated rod and the hook-shaped cable lugs of the other cable are hung on these between, whereupon all contacts are pressed together by means of the rod between a retaining element and a fixed inner first wall, wherein an eccentric element is arranged on the rod at an end opposite the retaining element, which is supported on a second, outer wall to press the contacts together. Disclosure of the invention

[0009] The invention is based on the understanding that, when a low normal force is present (at the contact point(s) between the contact element and mating contact element) under high temperature fluctuations and / or strong vibration or shaking loads, there is a risk of undesirable relative movements between the contact partners (contact element and mating contact element) and / or contact interruptions. Furthermore, the invention is based on the understanding that a large contact area between the contact partners is advantageous for a long service life of the contact and / or for minimizing heating of the contact point during the transmission of high currents. The invention is also based on the understanding that high insertion forces during the mating process of connectors and mating connectors complicate the process.A high insertion force (between the contact partners) can even undesirably reduce the number of contact partners in a connector, since with a large number of contact partners, the insertion forces, even when using lever or slider designs, can become so high that the operating force is no longer acceptable for the operator. Finally, the invention is based on the understanding that the coating of the contact partners can reduce the current-carrying capacity and increase costs.

[0010] Therefore, there may be a need to provide a connector that enables connection or mating with a mating connector (which may also be designed as a knife strip or similar) with the lowest possible insertion force, that simultaneously exhibits a high normal force between the contact partners in the electrically contacted state, that has a high current-carrying capacity, that provides the largest possible contact area between the contact partners, that enables permanent, secure, reliable and uninterrupted electrical contact with the mating connector even under thermal cycling and / or mechanical stresses such as vibration or shaking, and that requires only a small installation space for the contacting process.The installation space required allows for safe operation (no risk of touching live parts), where at least the contact partners (contact element and mating contact element) can be manufactured cost-effectively and easily, and where establishing the contact with the desired normal force is possible in a simple manner with as few steps as possible, even in complicated installation space situations. Advantages of the invention

[0011] This need can be met by the subject matter of the present invention according to the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the present invention are described in the dependent claims.

[0012] According to a first aspect of the invention, a connector is proposed, in particular for high current and / or high voltage applications, especially for automotive applications, particularly for electric vehicles (which may include, for example, fully or partially electrically powered aircraft, ships, boats, e-bikes, motorcycles).

[0013] The connector for connecting and / or mating, particularly along a (one) insertion direction, with a mating connector comprises: a contact element for electrical contact with a mating contact element of the mating connector, a roller element, and a retaining element. The contact element is arranged between the roller element and the retaining element, the connector being configured so that the mating contact element can be inserted between the roller element and the retaining element, the roller element being rotatably displaceable about an axis of rotation between a first position and a second position. The roller element is arranged eccentrically offset from the axis of rotation. Alternatively or additionally, the roller element has a non-circular cross-section.It is provided that in the second position of the roller element, with the counter-contact element inserted, the contact element and the counter-contact element are clamped between the roller element and the holding element along a clamping direction.

[0014] This advantageously achieves that, by means of the roller element and its eccentric rotation about the axis of rotation and / or its cross-sectional shape in the second position of the roller element, contact is established between the contact element and the mating contact element, and a high normal force (especially between the contact element and the mating contact element) can be achieved with a low insertion force (especially the insertion force between the contact element and the mating contact element, or when inserting a mating contact element between the roller element and the retaining element). This enables very easy and simple assembly (and also very easy disassembly, e.g., during disassembly) of connectors and mating connectors, e.g., along the insertion direction.It is advantageous to forgo bulky lever or slide mechanisms for reducing the insertion force between the contact and mating contact elements, thus enabling the connector to be used even in confined installation situations. Clamping the contact and mating contact elements in the second position of the roller element advantageously ensures a permanent and secure connection that remains reliable and uninterrupted even under thermal and / or vibration loads.

[0015] It is understood that the operating force required to move the roller element from the first position to the second position (i.e., to apply the normal force) can be equal to or greater than the insertion force or the insertion operating force when connecting the plug connector and mating connector. For example, it may be provided that the roller element is actuated only shortly before or after completion of the plugging process. The operating force required to move the roller element from the first position to the second position can, for example, be less than 100 N, preferably less than 75 N, and preferably less than 50 N.

[0016] The contact element and the mating contact element can be fixed between the roller element and the holding element by force-fit and / or friction-fit in the second position of the roller element. It can be provided, for example, that only a force-fit and / or friction-fit connection or fixing is achieved in the second position of the roller element. This advantageously results in a particularly simple manufacturing process for the contact partners. It is understood that the clamping refers specifically to the contact zone or contact point or contacting zone between the contact element and the mating contact element. Sections of the contact element and the mating contact element located outside a clamping zone or clamping section can, for example, be movable relative to each other, e.g., during vibrations or thermal changes. Contacting preferably takes place in the clamping zone or clamping section.

[0017] The clamping direction can, for example, be essentially (+ / -25°) perpendicular to the axis of rotation, preferably almost (+ / -5°) perpendicular to the axis of rotation. It can also be exactly perpendicular to the axis of rotation. This advantageously allows a uniform clamping force to be exerted along the roller element on both contact partners (contact element and counter-contact element). The normal force can thus be applied uniformly, or at the same level, to the contact partners between the roller element and the holding element.

[0018] It is understood that the second position can only be an example of an end position. For instance, it may be provided that clamping occurs even before the second position is reached. The clamping may, for example, continue even after the second position has been exceeded (i.e., if the same direction of movement of the roller element is maintained). It may, for example, be provided that the second position produces a clamping force that is somewhat lower (e.g., between 1% and 15% lower) than the maximum clamping force produced on the path from the first position to the second position. This can be achieved, for example, by ensuring that the smallest distance between the roller element and the holding element is at a point or in a section on the path from the first position to the second position, and not in the second position itself. For example, a self-locking mechanism in the second position can be advantageously achieved in this way, so that, for instance,Due to vibrations, the clamping unit or roller element may not release and / or may be forced from the second position to the first position by the clamping force. Therefore, any locking mechanism for the roller element and / or an operating element may be smaller or even unnecessary.

[0019] The retaining element can be designed, for example, as a surface or a plate; it can be particularly flat. It can extend, for example, essentially parallel to the contact element and / or the mating contact element. The retaining element can be designed to be rigid, particularly to transmit forces along the clamping direction without bending. The retaining element can, for example, act as a kind of abutment for the contact pair (formed from the contact element and the mating contact element), or be designed as such.

[0020] The contact element and the counter-contact element can, for example, be arranged along a line between the roller element and the holding element, with the line running between the roller element and the holding element.

[0021] It can be provided, for example, that the contact element and the mating contact element are arranged adjacent to each other, particularly at the contact point. Preferably, the contact element and the mating contact element are arranged directly adjacent to each other or are in direct contact with each other, at least in the second position of the roller element when the mating contact element is inserted.

[0022] It may be provided, for example, that the contact element and the counter-contact element are securely clamped between the roller element and the holding element in the second position of the roller element.

[0023] For example, the retaining element and the roller element can be arranged relative to each other in such a way that when the roller element is moved from the first position to the second position with the mating contact element inserted, the contact element is clamped along the clamping direction between the roller element and the retaining element. This advantageously allows the mating contact element to be inserted into the contact element with minimal force during assembly, and only when the roller element is moved from the first position to the second position by means of clamping is the desired high normal force applied to the contact partners. This movement of the roller element into the second position can, for example, occur only after completion or towards the end of the assembly process.This design advantageously combines the requirements of low insertion force and high normal force in a simple construction. A reduction in operating force due to high insertion forces (between the contact element and the mating contact element) during the insertion process (e.g., through a lever or slide mechanism) is advantageously unnecessary or can be implemented with a smaller footprint, since the insertion force (between the contact partners) itself can be low. This can be achieved, for example, by sufficient clearance between the contact partners in the initial position of the roller element.

[0024] It can be provided, for example, that in the first position of the roller element, the mating contact element can be inserted or joined between the roller element and the holding element loosely or without force, or with only a low insertion force of, for example, at most 5 N, preferably at most 2 N (between the contact element and the mating contact element). This allows for a low insertion force (between the contact element and the mating contact element, or when joining these components) with a high normal force in the contacted state.

[0025] It is understood that when the entire connector is mated with its mating connector, a higher (total) insertion force is generated, taking into account friction (e.g., at sealing elements, possible shield contacts, pre-locking positions, air compression, etc.). However, this force is advantageously not dominated by the insertion force between the contact element and the mating contact element. This (total) insertion force can, for example, be advantageously less than 50 N, preferably less than 20 N. Alternatively, with a simple lever or slide mechanism, the (total) operating force can be reduced to such values ​​(e.g., less than 50 N or less than 20 N) until the connector is fully mated.

[0026] It may be provided, for example, that in the second position of the roller element, a normal force, particularly between the contact element and the counter-contact element, of more than 500 N or more than 1000 N is generated or achieved. It may be provided, for example, that this normal force is more than 1500 N, particularly preferably more than 2000 N, and most preferably more than 2500 N. It may, for example, be in the range of 1500 N to 6000 N, preferably in the range between 2000 N and 5000 N; it may, for example, be 1500 N, 1800 N, 2000 N, 2200 N, 2400 N, 2500 N, 2600 N, 3000 N, 3500 N, 4000 N, 4500 N, 5000 N, 5500 N, or 6000 N. In particular, it can be as high as a normal force that is caused by screwing the contact partners together with an M4 screw, an M5 screw, or an M6 screw.

[0027] It is understood that the connector can have exactly one single contact element.

[0028] However, it is also possible for the connector to have more than just a single contact element that can be contacted by a single mating contact element. This allows the connector to be built particularly compactly and enables multiple connections or contacts to be established (almost) simultaneously, particularly easily and quickly, for example, when connecting multi-pole components such as an inverter or an electric motor, etc. For example, a connector may have two contact elements, each of which can be contacted by a mating contact element. Three or more contact elements, each of which can be contacted by a mating contact element, may also be provided in or on the connector.If more than one contact element is provided, all contact partner pairs (pairs consisting of a contact element and a mating contact element) can be moved into the clamped state (second position of the roller element) by a single roller element. This can occur simultaneously or in quick succession along the rotation path, for example, through a specifically designed cross-section of the roller element. However, it is also possible to provide for several roller elements (and also several holding elements). For example, a separate roller element and / or a separate holding element can be provided for each contact partner pair. It is also possible, for example, for the roller element to be formed from several roller sections arranged adjacent to each other, which may only be electrically insulated from one another. Such a design can, for example,The design may be such that all roller sections are moved together, for example by being arranged on a common shaft. However, it may also be provided, for example, that the individual roller sections can be moved independently of each other.

[0029] The contact element can be designed, for example, as a sheet metal component, particularly a flat one (e.g., copper sheet), such as a so-called "busbar," contact rail, or contact blade. Preferably, the contact element has a flat and / or planar surface on its side facing the mating contact element. This advantageously increases the contact area, thereby increasing the current-carrying capacity and reducing heating when high currents flow. Similarly, the mating contact element can be designed, for example, as a sheet metal component, particularly a flat one (e.g., copper sheet or the like), such as a "busbar," contact rail, or contact blade. Preferably, the mating contact element has a flat and / or planar surface on its side facing the mating contact element.

[0030] The contact element, as well as the mating contact element, can be connected – although this is not essential to the invention – for example by a crimp connection or by ultrasonic welding or the like to an electrical conductor of a cable, wherein the conductor can, for example, consist of strands. The cable can, for example, have insulation. The cable can, for example, have a shield conductor which is, for example, connected to ground potential or to another, for example, constant potential. Cables without a shield conductor are also conceivable.

[0031] When the connector and mating connector are plugged together, a preferred sequence of the individual elements, viewed along the clamping direction, looks like this: ▪ Holding element - Contact element - Counter-contact element - Roller element or ▪ Holding element - Counter contact element - Contact element - Roller element.

[0032] In particular, it is provided that the contacting pair or the contact partners or the contacting partners consisting of the contact element and the counter-contact element are not adjacent to the holding element on both outwardly facing sides or to the roller element on both outwardly facing sides.

[0033] The intermediate placement of one or more auxiliary elements, e.g. for tolerance compensation, such as a spring element or the like, between the holding element and an outwardly facing side of the contact pair or between the roller element and an outwardly facing side of the contact pair, does not contradict the preferred sequence.

[0034] In a further development, it is provided that in the first position of the roller element, a first distance between a first section of the surface of the roller element facing the contact element and the holding element is greater than a second distance between a second section of the surface of the roller element facing the contact element and the holding element in the second position of the roller element.

[0035] In this way, a loose or force-free or almost force-free connection of the mating contact element to the contact element or of the mating connector to the connector is achieved particularly easily.

[0036] In other words, it may be provided that in the second position of the roller element, the distance between a surface of the roller element facing the contact element and the holding element is smaller than in the first position.

[0037] The first distance can be, for example, at most 2.5 mm, preferably at most 2.0 mm, particularly preferably at most 1.6 mm larger than the second distance, and most preferably at most 1 mm larger. This advantageously allows for a particularly large force transmission when moving the roller element from the first position to the second position, so that a particularly high normal force can be applied to the contacting partners. At the same time, a (virtually) force-free insertion or an extremely low insertion force (especially between the contact element and the mating contact element, or when inserting the mating contact element between the roller element and the retaining element, as already described above) can still be achieved in the first position of the roller element.

[0038] The difference between the first and second distances can also be called the clamping path. The clamping path is preferably determined along the clamping direction.

[0039] The counter-contact element and the contact element can be dimensioned, for example, along the clamping direction such that the common thickness along the clamping direction is, for example, less than the first distance between the holding element and the roller element in the first position by at most 2.5 mm or at most 2.0 mm or at most 1.6 mm or at most 1.5 mm, preferably by at most 1 mm, particularly preferably by at most 0.7 mm and particularly preferably by at most 0.5 mm.

[0040] It is understood that if another element (such as a spring element) is provided on or attached to the holding element, the first and second distances can be measured to the plane or surface of this element facing the nearest contact partner, e.g., measured from the roller element. The same applies if another element, such as another spring element, is arranged on or attached to the roller element.

[0041] In a further development, it is provided that the first and second positions are spaced apart from each other by a rotational angle of at most 135°, preferably at most 100°, and particularly preferably at most 90°, around the axis of rotation. This results in a particularly simple and unambiguous assembly, which can also be carried out in confined spaces. Compared to a screw connection, it is therefore advantageous, for example, that it is not necessary to use a torque wrench to correctly set the screw force. At the same time, this allows for easy and reproducible "over-tightening" of the roller element past a point of minimal distance between the roller element and the retaining element, whereby "over-tightening" can advantageously create a self-locking effect.

[0042] In principle, it is possible that to shift the roller element by a defined angle, a control element must be shifted by a smaller or larger angle than the defined angle. For this purpose, a transmission or gearbox, such as a gear drive, can be provided between the control element and the roller element. It is also possible, of course, that the control angle corresponds to the defined angle (in which case no transmission or only a 1:1 transmission is necessary).

[0043] In a further development, it is provided that a lever element, which can be actuated from an external environment of the connector, is attached to or coupled with the roller element, whereby the roller element can be moved from the first position to the second position by means of the lever element.

[0044] This advantageously reduces the effort required by an operator when moving the roller element from the first position to the second position (to apply the normal force).

[0045] The lever element can be designed, for example, in the form of a rod, a beam, or a handle.

[0046] The lever element can be detachably coupled to or attached to the roller element. For example, the lever element can be inserted into a recess in the roller element's shaft to reposition the roller element. After the repositioning process is complete, the lever element can be removed from the recess. This advantageously prevents the roller element from being accidentally repositioned, but only when the lever element is coupled to it. This can, for example, prevent unauthorized tampering with the connector in an electric vehicle.

[0047] For example, the lever element for coupling with the roller element can be inserted through a closable opening in the connector housing. The opening is exposed for coupling. After the insertion process is complete, the opening can then be closed, for example, with a cover or a plug, e.g., in a media-tight manner. In this case, the connector has a housing with a closable opening. It can also have a plug or a cover. The opening can be located, for example, near the distal end of the roller element. The opening is designed, for example, so that the lever element can be inserted through it from the outside and coupled to the roller element.In particular, the opening is designed such that the roller element can be moved from the first position to the second position and vice versa using the lever element. It may be provided that the energizing of the plug connection depends on the opening being closed. For example, a closing element of the opening (e.g., a cover or plug) is equipped with or interacts with a high-voltage interlock system. This significantly increases the safety of the operator.

[0048] The lever element can be electrically insulated from both the contact element and the mating contact element. This can be achieved, for example, by at least partially constructing the lever element from an electrically insulating material. Alternatively, such insulation can be provided at another location between the roller element and the lever element. This advantageously protects the operator reliably and safely from electric shock when operating the lever element. Furthermore, this provides safety redundancy in the event of a malfunction of the high-voltage interlock system.

[0049] In a further development, it is provided that the gear ratio for actuating the lever element to move the roller element from the first position to the second position is at least 50:1, preferably at least 100:1. For example, it can also be between 100:1 and 180:1, e.g., 100:1, 120:1, 140:1, 160:1, or 180:1. Of course, even higher gear ratios such as 200:1 or 250:1, etc., are conceivable.

[0050] This advantageously allows for a particularly high normal force to be achieved with minimal operating force when the connector and mating connector are mated. This ensures a particularly reliable contact point and protects against unwanted interruptions, for example, due to thermal cycling, vibrations, shaking, age-related material fatigue, or similar conditions.

[0051] The translation can be given, for example, by the ratio of the operator's operating path when moving the roller element into the second position (e.g. from the first position) relative to the clamping path.

[0052] In a further development, it is provided that the roller element has a projection, whereby the projection is moved towards the holding element when the roller element is moved from the first position to the second position.

[0053] This makes it particularly advantageous to create a force-fit or friction-fit connection between the contact element and the counter-contact element between the roller element and the holding element.

[0054] For example, it can be provided that when the roller element is moved from the first position to the second position, the distance between the projection and the retaining element decreases along the clamping direction. This advantageously reduces the distance between the roller element and the retaining element. This, in turn, conveniently and simply clamps the contact partners (contact element and mating contact element) between the roller element and the retaining element. It is understood that the second position can be a slightly over-rotated position, i.e., a position in which the minimum distance between the roller element and the retaining element is already exceeded again (slightly, e.g., by 1° to 20°). This can create a self-locking effect.

[0055] A projection can be, for example, a section extending radially outwards from a circular cross-section (a radial direction can be perpendicular to the axis of rotation, which can define an axial direction). However, a projection can also exist in a broader sense, for example, in an ideally circular cross-section of the roller element, if the axis of rotation around which this cross-section is rotated does not pass exactly through the center of the cross-section, but rather eccentrically to the center of the circle. In this case, the section of the cross-section that is further away from the axis of rotation than the other sections is considered a projection. This can also apply to non-circular cross-sections.

[0056] According to the invention, the holding element is coupled to the roller element in such a way that when the roller element is moved from the first position to the second position, the holding element is moved essentially along the clamping direction towards the roller element.

[0057] This advantageously ensures that the element of the contact pair (consisting of the contact element and the mating contact element) located adjacent to the roller element is not compressed or bent towards its contact partner by a point or line-like force applied by the roller element. This reduces the risk of the contact zone between the two contact partners (contact element and mating contact element) being merely a point or line-like area. Advantageously, this results in a larger contact zone or contact area, thereby increasing the current-carrying capacity and reducing heating of the contact point or contact zone during current flow.

[0058] For example, it may be provided that the holding element is shifted essentially perpendicular to the axis of rotation in the direction of the roller element.

[0059] This can be achieved, for example, by the roller element displacing a contact element away from the contact partners on a side of the roller element facing away from them (e.g., by a projection on the roller element and / or an eccentric mounting of the roller element). The contact element can be coupled or connected to the holding element, for example, by a coupling element, particularly by a rigid connection, so that the holding element then moves towards the roller element. In other words, the holding element is lifted by the contact element and moved towards the roller element.

[0060] In a further development, it is provided that a spring element is provided on or at the holding element, wherein the spring element is arranged between the holding element and the contact element, in particular viewed along the clamping direction.

[0061] This advantageously ensures that even with manufacturing tolerances, temperature fluctuations, vibration loads, material fatigue over time, or similar factors, the clamping of the contact element and mating contact element between the holding element and the roller element is reliably and securely achieved. The normal force is advantageously maintained.

[0062] For example, the spring element can be positioned, viewed along the clamping direction, between the retaining element and the contact element, or between the retaining element and the mating contact element. In other words, it is located on the side of the retaining element facing the contact element.

[0063] The spring element can be designed, for example, as a leaf spring or a disc spring. This advantageously results in a particularly high spring force even with very small spring deflections. This, in turn, allows for a very compact design of the connector.

[0064] In a further development, it is proposed that the roller element have an oval cross-section. This advantageously enables a particularly low-friction and continuous shift from the first position to the second position (and back). Furthermore, this design makes the roller element particularly easy to manufacture.

[0065] Alternatively, the roller element can have an elliptical cross-section. This advantageously enables a particularly low-friction and continuous movement from the first position to the second position (and back). Furthermore, this design allows for particularly simple manufacturing of the roller element. Additionally, it allows for a simple reduction of the distance between the roller element and the holding element during movement from the first to the second position (by means of the section of the roller element's surface facing the holding element). Simultaneously, the holding element can also be moved towards the roller element by, for example, coupling or connecting it to a contact element (e.g., by means of a coupling element). The coupling element or...The clamping element can then be moved by the section of the roller element's surface facing away from the contact partners, in the direction opposite the clamping element. Due to the coupling, the clamping element can then be moved towards the roller element. This enables particularly uniform clamping at the contact point, as both contact partners can be moved towards each other (one contact partner by the roller element, the other by the clamping element).

[0066] It can be provided, for example, that the ratio of the main axis to the secondary axis is at most 1.3:1, preferably at most 1.2:1, and particularly preferably at most 1.1:1. This results in a particularly high force transmission when moving the roller element from the first position to the second position.

[0067] Alternatively, the roller element can have a cam-shaped cross-section. This advantageously enables a particularly low-friction and continuous movement from the first position to the second position (and back). Furthermore, this design allows for particularly simple manufacturing of the roller element. It also advantageously results in a particularly defined force transmission from the roller element to the contact partner facing it.

[0068] For example, the cam stroke can be designed to be at most 20%, preferably at most 10%, of the smallest cam diameter. This results in a particularly high force transmission when moving the roller element from the first position to the second position.

[0069] In a further development, it is provided that the surface of the roller element is electrically insulating. This advantageously ensures that the roller element can also be operated safely in the second position (in which the contact partners are preferably electrically contacted) without risk of electric shock.

[0070] Alternatively or additionally, the roller element is made of electrically insulating material. This advantageously ensures that the roller element can also be operated safely in the second position without risk of electric shock. Furthermore, manufacturing can be simplified if the entire roller element is made of an insulating material.

[0071] For example, the surface or roller element may be made of ceramic. The use of ceramic advantageously results in particularly good electrical insulation. At the same time, it ensures particularly good and durable force transmission to the contact partners, since ceramic has very low elasticity, so that the clamping of the contact partners, once achieved, is permanently maintained.

[0072] In a further training course, it is stipulated that the roller element is manufactured in one piece. This enables particularly simple and cost-effective production.

[0073] Alternatively, it is provided that the roller element is manufactured in at least two parts, wherein the roller element has an internal shaft, and wherein the roller element has an external roller body which is non-rotatably connected to the shaft.

[0074] This advantageously allows the roller element to be used in various connectors. Depending on the connector dimensions, the roller element can be adapted to the connector geometry by adjusting the length of the shaft. Furthermore, this makes it possible to mount multiple roller bodies on a single shaft. In this way, for example, a connector with more than one contact element, or for contacting more than one contact pair, can be easily provided. Along a common shaft, one roller body can then be provided for each contact pair consisting of a contact element and a mating contact element.

[0075] It is also conceivable that the connector has, for example, two contact elements. Each contact element can have its own roller element. Each roller element can, for example, have its own axis of rotation. Each roller element can, for example, have its own shaft with which the respective roller element can be moved. For example, a wall or partition can be provided between the contact elements (e.g., viewed along the axis of rotation). It can be provided, for example, that the respective shaft is mounted in the wall or partition. In such a case, for example, one shaft for one contact element can be mounted in one side of the wall, and the other shaft for the other contact element can be mounted in the other side of the wall.

[0076] For example, the shaft may be made of metal, such as steel. This makes the shaft particularly stable and torsionally rigid, enabling it to transmit high forces perpendicular to its axis. The shaft may also have a square or rectangular cross-section. This allows for efficient transmission of rotational forces and torques from the shaft to the roller body.

[0077] In a further development, it is provided that the axis of rotation of the roller element is arranged such that in the first position and in the second position the section of the surface of the roller element facing the contact element has the same distance from the axis of rotation.

[0078] This advantageously ensures that no direct pressure is exerted on the contact element or counter-contact element facing the roller element, and that the contact element or counter-contact element in contact with the roller element is not bent towards the retaining element when moving from the first position to the second position. Bending of the contact element or counter-contact element is thus prevented. In this case, clamping can be achieved, for example, by moving the retaining element closer to the roller element.

[0079] In a further development, it is provided that the connector has a connector housing, with the retaining element mounted in or on the connector housing. This advantageously allows the clamping to be achieved by repositioning the retaining element. The connector housing can thus advantageously remain free of clamping force. The clamping force can therefore be applied, for example, solely within the system consisting of the roller element and the retaining element. This allows the connector housing to be manufactured particularly simply, lightweight, and cost-effectively. A functional separation can thus be achieved between the clamping or clamping of the contact partners between the roller element and the retaining element on the one hand, and a housing function such as media tightness, insulation, signal color, cable entry, etc., on the other.By separating functions, the respective dimensions and materials can be specifically selected and adapted to the respective functions.

[0080] It may be provided that the retaining element is mounted in or on the connector housing in a movable manner. The retaining element is then mounted in a movable way. For example, it may be provided that it is mounted in a movable way essentially along the clamping direction.

[0081] According to a second aspect of the invention, a connector arrangement is proposed.

[0082] The connector assembly comprises a connector as described above and a mating connector with a mating contact element. The contact element and the mating contact element are arranged between the roller element and the retaining element.

[0083] It may be provided that in the second position of the roller element the contact element is clamped with the counter-contact element between the roller element and the holding element, or that the holding element and the roller element are arranged relative to each other in such a way that in the second position of the roller element the contact element is clamped with the counter-contact element between the roller element and the holding element.

[0084] The two contact partners can be securely clamped in the second position, so that even with strong vibrations and high tensile forces of, for example, more than 100N or more than 500N on one of the contact partners, the contact partners cannot be moved apart.

[0085] It may be provided, for example, that in the first position of the roller element the counter-contact element is arranged to be displaceable between the holding element and the roller element relative to the contact element.

[0086] For example, it can be provided that in the first position of the roller element, the mating contact element can be inserted loosely or (almost) without force between the retaining element and the roller element, or with an insertion force (in particular between the contact element and the mating contact element, or when inserting the mating contact element between the roller element and the retaining element) of at most 10 N, preferably at most 5 N, and particularly preferably at most 2 N. As described above, the (total) insertion force of the connector assembly can be reduced by friction on sealing elements, any shielding contacts, air compression, etc., resulting in an insertion force or insertion operating force of preferably less than 50 N, or advantageously less than 20 N, during assembly.

[0087] It is understood that the operating force required to move the roller element from the first position to the second position (i.e., to apply the normal force) can be equal to or greater than the insertion force or the insertion operating force when connecting the plug connector and mating connector. For example, it may be provided that the roller element is actuated only shortly before or after the plugging process of the plug connector and mating connector is complete. The operating force required to move the roller element from the first position to the second position can, for example, be less than 100 N, preferably less than 75 N, and particularly preferably less than 50 N. Drawings

[0088] Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to the person skilled in the art from the following description of exemplary embodiments, which, however, are not to be interpreted as limiting the invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0089] They show Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b: a schematic cross-section of a connector arrangement in which the roller element is in the first position ( Fig. 1a) or in the second position ( Fig. 1b) is located, wherein the in the Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b, the clamping principle shown is not used without relocation of the holding element; Fig. 1c: a detailed section of the roller element from Fig. 1 b; Fig. 2a to 2e: schematic perspective views of various roller elements; Fig. 3a: a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the contact element and the counter-contact element from the Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b, where the in the Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b, the clamping principle shown is not used without relocation of the holding element; Fig. 3b: a schematic perspective view of a further embodiment of the contact element and the counter-contact element from the Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b, where the in the Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b, the clamping principle shown is not used without relocation of the holding element; Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b: a schematic cross-section of another connector arrangement in which the roller element is in the first position ( Fig. 4a) or in the second position ( Fig. 4b) is located;

[0090] The Fig. 1a and Fig. Figure 1b shows a schematic cross-section of a connector arrangement 100 in two different states, wherein a roller element 5 is in Fig. 1a is in a first position S1 and in Fig. 1b in a second position S2. The Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b are described together below.

[0091] The connector arrangement 100 has a connector 1 and a mating connector 2.

[0092] The connector 1 for connecting or plugging together along a plugging direction or insertion direction E with a mating connector 2 is, for example, designed for high current applications (e.g., for currents of more than 10A, preferably more than 50A or even more than 100A) and / or high voltage applications (e.g., for voltages of more than 100V, preferably more than 200V and particularly preferably for voltages of more than 400V).

[0093] Connector 1 has a contact element 3, and mating connector 2 has a mating contact element 4. Contact element 3 is suitable for, or is configured for, electrical contact with the mating contact element 4 of mating connector 2. Connector 1 also has a roller element 5 and a retaining element 6. Contact element 3 is arranged between roller element 5 and retaining element 6. This can be seen, for example, by drawing a line between roller element 5 and retaining element 6, which here is designed as a kind of abutment. Connector 1 is configured so that mating contact element 4 can be inserted between roller element 5 and retaining element 6. Fig. 1a and Fig. In the connector arrangement 100 shown in Figure 1b, the mating contact element 4 is inserted between the roller element 5 and the retaining element 6, or arranged between these elements. The roller element 5 is rotated about an axis A between a first position S1 (see Figure 1b). Fig. 1a) and a second position S2 (see Fig. 1b) rotatably displaceable, wherein the roller element 5 is arranged both eccentrically offset from the axis of rotation A (the axis of rotation A does not pass through the center of the roller element 5) and has a non-circular cross-section. The roller element 5 here has, by way of example, a cam-shaped cross-section. It is designed here by way of example in the form of a cam 55.

[0094] The connector 1 further comprises a connector housing 20, wherein the contact element 3 is arranged inside the connector housing 20. The connector housing 20 is advantageously made of an electrically insulating material. The connector housing 20 can, for example, be manufactured or formed as an injection-molded part.

[0095] Similarly, the mating connector 2 shown here merely exemplifies a mating connector housing 30, which, for example, has an electrically insulating material or is made of such a material. The mating connector housing 30 can also, for example, be manufactured as an injection-molded part.

[0096] In the assembled state, a sealing element 10 can be arranged between the connector housing 20 and the mating connector housing 30, as shown here. In this way, an interior 41 of the connector assembly 100, or of the connector 1, or of the mating connector 2, is protected from the ingress of dirt, grime and / or fluid media from an external environment 40.

[0097] The contact element 3 can be designed, for example, as a sheet metal part, particularly a flat one (e.g., copper sheet), for example, in the form of a so-called "busbar," a contact rail, or a contact blade. Preferably, the contact element 3 has a flat, planar surface on its side facing the mating contact element 4. This advantageously increases the contact area, thereby increasing the current-carrying capacity and reducing heating when high currents flow. Similarly, the mating contact element 4 can be designed, for example, as a sheet metal part, particularly a flat one (e.g., copper sheet or the like), for example, in the form of a "busbar," a contact rail, or a contact blade. Preferably, the mating contact element 4 has a flat, planar surface on its side facing the contact element 3.

[0098] The contact element 3 is connected here – although this is not essential to the invention – for example by a crimp connection or by ultrasonic welding or the like to an electrical conductor 61 of a cable 60, wherein the conductor 61 may, for example, have strands. The cable 60 may, for example, have insulation 62. The cable 60 may, for example, have a shield conductor (not shown here) which is, for example, connected to ground potential or another, for example, constant potential. Cables 60 without a shield conductor are also conceivable.

[0099] An additional sealing element 10 can also be arranged between the cable 60 and the connector housing 20. This advantageously prevents the ingress of dirt, grime, and / or fluid media along the cable 60 from the external environment 40 into the interior 41. This increases the service life of the electrical connector and prevents short circuits.

[0100] It is clearly visible that in the second position S2 ( Fig. 1b) of the roller element 5 the contact element 3 and the counter contact element 4 (inserted into the connector 1) are clamped between the roller element 5 and the retaining element 6 along a clamping direction K, which here by way of example runs perpendicular to the axis of rotation A.

[0101] In contrast, in the first position S1 ( Fig. 1a) The counter-contact element 4 of the roller element 5 can be inserted loosely or without force, or with an insertion force of at most 5 N, preferably at most 2 N (the insertion force advantageously refers to the joining of contact element 3 and counter-contact element 4 or to the insertion of the counter-contact element 4 between the roller element 5 and the retaining element 6). As in Fig. As can be seen in 1a, the contact element 3 and the counter-contact element 4 are arranged with clearance to each other between the roller element 5 and the holding element 4, viewed along the clamping direction K.

[0102] In this way, despite a low insertion force when connecting connector 1 and mating connector 2, a very high normal force can be generated between the contact partners (contact element 3 and mating contact element 4). The normal force is applied here only after the insertion process is complete, thus eliminating the need for a complex force transmission mechanism to reduce the operating force during connection (although such a mechanism can, of course, still be included). The specific design of the roller element 5 and its arrangement relative to the axis of rotation A enable a high force transmission. At the same time, the operating travel can be kept relatively short, allowing for easy assembly of connector 1 and mating connector 2 even in confined spaces.

[0103] It is understood that the total insertion force when connecting connector 1 and mating connector 2 can be higher than, for example, 5 N, e.g., due to friction between the housings 20, 30 or at the sealing elements 10, due to the air compression of the enclosed air volume in the interior 41 that must be overcome, due to insertion resistances of a shielding connection (not shown here), or the like. It may therefore be necessary to provide a force multiplier, e.g., a sliding element or a lever element, for the insertion process between connector 1 and mating connector 2 in order to achieve, for example, an insertion force or operating force of less than 100 N. However, this force multiplier can be considerably lower than would be the case if, in addition to the insertion forces mentioned above, high insertion forces (e.g.,more than 5N or more than 10N or more than 15N) between the contact partners (contact element 3 and counter contact element 4) would have to be overcome directly during the plugging process.

[0104] The high achievable normal force (e.g., more than 500 N, preferably more than 1000 N or more than 2000 N, e.g., 2400 N or 2500 N, or at least 3000 N, e.g., 3000 N, 3500 N, 4000 N, 4500 N, or 5000 N, or even higher values) at the clamped, force-fit, or friction-fit contact partners allows for reliable and secure contact over long periods, even under frequent and large thermal cycling and vibration loads. The current-carrying capacity is also advantageously improved as a result.

[0105] It is further evident that a spring element 9, in particular a leaf spring or a disc spring, is provided on the retaining element 6, wherein the spring element 9 is arranged between the retaining element 6 and the contact element 3, particularly when viewed along the clamping direction K. The spring element 9 can, for example, be arranged on or rest on the side of the retaining element 6 facing the roller element 5.

[0106] The spring element 9 advantageously ensures uninterrupted contact even in the case of manufacturing tolerances or material fatigue over time.

[0107] This results in a sequence (in the Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b (viewed from bottom to top) of the following elements: retaining element 6 - spring element 9 - mating contact element 4 - contact element 3 - roller element 5. A sequence in which, for example, the contact pair is enclosed on both sides with respect to the clamping direction K by the retaining element 6 (i.e., retaining element 5 - mating contact element 4 - contact element 3 - retaining element 5 - roller element 5) is not necessary here, so that the manufacture of the connector 1 is advantageously simplified. Likewise, it is not necessary for the contact pair 3, 4 to be enclosed on both sides along the clamping direction K by the roller element 5.

[0108] Fig. Figure 1c shows a detailed section of the roller element 5 from Fig. 1b (in the second position S2). As described above, the roller element 5 has a cam-shaped cross-section (here it is designed as cam 55 by way of example), wherein, by way of example, a cam stroke HN is at most 20%, preferably at most 17%, particularly preferably at most 15%, and most particularly preferably at most 10% of a smallest cam diameter DN. The smaller the cam stroke HN, the greater the force transmission and the greater the normal force that can be applied at the same angle of rotation of the roller element 5.

[0109] In this embodiment, the roller element 5 thus has a projection 8 (see also Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b), wherein the projection 8 is moved towards the holding element 6 when the roller element 5 is moved from the first position S1 to the second position S2. In this embodiment, this occurs such that the distance between the projection 8 and the holding element 5 decreases when viewed along the clamping direction K.

[0110] In the Fig. 1a and Fig. Figure 1b further shows that a lever element 7, which can be actuated from an external environment 40 of the connector 1, is attached to the roller element 5. The lever element 7 can, for example, be detachably attached to the roller element 5 so that it can be removed after the roller element 5 has been moved, in order to prevent accidental further or reverse movement of the roller element 5. The roller element 5 can be moved from the first position S1 to the second position S2 by means of the lever element 7. In this embodiment, the lever element 7 is electrically insulated from the contact element 3 and from the mating contact element 4, for example by being formed from an electrically insulating plastic or ceramic, or by having an insulating material such as plastic or ceramic between a gripping surface and the contact point with the roller element 5.This advantageously protects the operator from the risk of electric shock when operating the lever element 7, even if, for example, a planned (but not shown here) high-voltage interlock should not function correctly. The lever element 7 is, by way of example, not part of the contact point, contact element 3, or mating contact element 4.

[0111] The first position S1 and the second position S2 are, by way of example, spaced apart from each other by a rotation angle W of at most 150°, preferably at most 135°, particularly preferably at most 100°, and most preferably at most 90° about the axis of rotation A. The rotation angle W is, for example, approximately 90° here. This provides a particularly compact connector 1 that also requires only a small amount of installation space, since the lever element 7 occupies only a relatively small range of motion.

[0112] In principle, larger displacement ranges are also conceivable, but ideally no more than 270°.

[0113] For example, it can be provided that the gear ratio for actuating the lever element 7 to move the roller element 5 from the first position S1 to the second position S2 is at least 50:1, preferably at least 100:1. Such a gear ratio can, for example, be in the range between 60:1 and 80:1. It can also, for example, be in the range between 100:1 and 200:1; it can be, for example, 100:1, 120:1, 140:1, 160:1, 180:1, or 200:1. Even higher gear ratios are conceivable. This allows particularly high normal forces to be achieved with low operating force.

[0114] From the Fig. 1a and Fig. As shown in Figure 1b, it is evident that in the first position S1, the first distance D1 between a first section 51 of the surface 50 of the roller element 5 facing the contact element 3 and the retaining element 6 is greater than the second distance D2 between a second section 52 of the surface 50 of the roller element 5 facing the contact element 3 and the retaining element 6 in the second position S2. The first distance D1 and the second distance D2 are determined here by the spring element 9 arranged on the retaining element 6 between the side of the spring element 9 facing the contact partners and the roller element 5. The difference between the first distance D1 and the second distance D2 can be, for example, at most 2.5 mm, or at most 2 mm, or at most 1.6 mm, or at most 1.2 mm, or at most 1 mm.This allows for a low insertion force on the one hand and a very high gear ratio when moving the roller element 5 from the first position S1 to the second position S2, so that very high normal forces (e.g. more than 500N or more than 1000N or more than 2000N or more than 2400N, e.g. 2500N) can be achieved with low operating force.

[0115] It is understood that in the embodiment shown here, the distance between the roller element 5 and the holding element 6 is smallest in the second position S2. This makes the operating principle particularly clear.

[0116] However, it can also be provided that the second position S2 is only reached after a further rotation (e.g., between 1° and 15°) in the same direction of rotation. In this embodiment, the distance between roller element 5 and holding element 6 would therefore be greater than in Fig. Figure 1b illustrates this. Advantageously, such "over-rotation" can create a kind of self-locking mechanism. This means that the roller element 5 cannot be forced back from the second position S2 towards the first position S1 without (manual) intervention. Locking the roller element 5 in the second position S2 is then advantageously unnecessary. To implement such self-locking, a stop can be provided for the roller element 5 and / or the lever element 7, which makes further rotation in the direction of rotation from the first position S1 to the second position S2 difficult or blocks it beyond the second position S2. However, self-locking can also be achieved by the cross-sectional shape of the roller element 5, for example, by ensuring that its radius remains constant after reaching the minimum distance between the roller element 5 and the retaining element 6 (e.g.,along at least 5° or at least 10° of its circumference) or decreases.

[0117] It may be provided that the sum of the material thicknesses of contact element 3 and counter-contact element 4, viewed in the force-free state along the clamping direction, is greater than the second distance D2 between roller element 5 and holding element 6 in the second position S2. In other embodiments (as here), however, the sum of the material thicknesses may correspond to the second distance D2.

[0118] The spring element 9 provided in this embodiment is compressed between the holding element 6 and the contact partner facing the holding element 6 (here: the counter-contact element 4) when the roller element 5 is moved from the first position S1 to the second position S2, and can thus compensate for thickness tolerances or distance tolerances.

[0119] The surface 50 of the roller element 5 can be electrically insulating (e.g., made of or consisting of ceramic). This advantageously provides good (electrical) insulation from the external environment 40. The roller element 5, or at least the roller body 54 (see Fig. 2a - 2e) can also be made of electrically insulating material, for example ceramic. This makes the clamping particularly durable and long-lasting due to the rigidity of the roller element 5.

[0120] In the Fig. Figures 2a to 2e show schematic perspective views of various roller elements 5. In principle, the roller element 5 can have an oval cross-section.

[0121] The Fig. 2a and Fig. Figure 2b shows in detail the roller element 5 from the Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b - the roller element 5 is designed in the form of a cam 55. In Fig. 2a is the first position S1 and in Fig. 2b shows the second position S2. The cam shape is clearly recognizable (the projection 8 protrudes into Fig. 2a to the right and into Fig. 2b downwards), as well as the first section 51 of the surface 50 and the second section 52. The lever element 7 is shown once with a solid line indicating the relevant position and once with a dashed line – the dashed line shows the lever position in the opposite position of the roller element 5. The roller element 5 is shown here as a single-piece element. It is manufactured in one piece. However, the lever element 7 can be detachably attached to or arranged on the roller element 5. It is understood that the roller element 5 can also be manufactured in multiple parts.

[0122] Fig. Figure 2c shows a roller element 5 in the second position S2, where the roller element 5 here has, by way of example, a circular cross-section with a radius R. The axis of rotation A, however, is located eccentrically to a center point M of the circular cross-section, i.e., it does not pass through this center point M. This roller element 5 is also, by way of example, manufactured as a single piece. It is understood that the roller element 5 can also be manufactured in multiple parts.

[0123] Fig. Figure 2d shows a roller element 5, which has an elliptical cross-section. The ratio of a major axis HA to a minor axis NA of the ellipse can be, for example, at most 1.3:1, at most 1.2:1, or at most 1.1:1. This allows for a particularly high force transmission.

[0124] The roller element 5 is shown here as being manufactured in at least two parts. The roller element 5 has, by way of example, an internal shaft 53, and an external roller body 54 which is rotationally fixed to the shaft 53. The roller body 54 can be made of an insulating material, such as plastic or ceramic. It can also simply have an insulating surface 50, although insulation is not strictly necessary. The shaft 53 can be made of metal, for example. It can be made of steel, for example.

[0125] The axis of rotation A here passes through the center point M of the elliptical cross-section. This means that when the roller element 5 is moved from the first position S1 to the second position S2, the distance between the holding element 6 and the roller element 5 is reduced, since the second section 52 is then closer to the holding element 6 than the first section 51. At the same time, a fourth section 58, diametrically opposite the second section 52, is further from the axis of rotation A than a third section 57, diametrically opposite the first section 51. This allows, for example, a support element 16 (not shown here) to be... Fig. 4a, Fig. 4b) be displaced parallel to the clamping direction K (here: upwards). If the support element 16 is coupled or connected to the holding element 6, then the holding element 6 can also be moved towards the roller element 5 parallel to the clamping direction K, thereby further reducing the second distance D2.

[0126] In other words, it can be provided that the holding element 6 is coupled to the roller element 5 in such a way that when the roller element 5 is moved from the first position S1 to the second position S2, the holding element 6 is moved essentially along the clamping direction K or parallel to the clamping direction K towards the roller element 5.

[0127] In this way, a particularly even clamping force, in this case from above and below, can be applied to the contact partners. Furthermore, this ensures that neither contact partner is (significantly) bent, thus forming only a point contact or a line contact with the other contact partner.

[0128] It is understood that this concept, whereby the retaining element 6 is displaced, can also be achieved by the cross-sections or roller elements 5 described above. In that case, for example, only the cam from the Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b to rotate upwards into the second position S2 and he must move a mounting element 16 there, which is coupled to the holding element 6.

[0129] Fig. Figure 2e shows an exemplary roller element 5 (in the second position S2), which is formed in multiple parts. It has a shaft 53 that runs along the axis of rotation A. Two roller bodies 54, spaced apart from each other along the direction of rotation, are attached to or arranged on the shaft 53. These roller bodies 54 have a cam shape. With this roller element 5, for example, two contact elements 3 can be simultaneously connected to two mating contact elements 4 in an electrical clamping connection.

[0130] In principle, other cross-sections of the roller element 5 are also conceivable. For example, a cross-section can be provided which, starting from the axis of rotation A, has an increasing distance or radius with increasing angle of rotation (like a snail shell).

[0131] It can also be provided that the axis of rotation A of the roller element 5 is arranged such that, in the first position S1 and in the second position S2, the section 51, 52 of the surface 50 of the roller element 5 facing the contact element 3 is at the same distance from the axis of rotation A. In this case, the contact partner facing the roller element 5 is not displaced in the direction of the holding element 6 and is therefore not bent. In such a case, clamping can be achieved, for example, by lifting the holding element 6 by means of a contact element 16 coupled to the holding element 6 (see, for example, [reference] for such a lifting process). Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b).

[0132] Fig. Figure 3a shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the contact element 3 and the counter-contact element 4 from the Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b. The retaining element 6 is shown here as an example coupled to the roller element 5 (not shown) by means of a coupling element 11. The coupling element 11 is shown here as a rod-shaped element. However, the retaining element 6 can also be designed as a kind of abutment, for example, having a fixed distance to the axis of rotation A. In this case, it can be arranged immovably on the contact element housing 20.

[0133] The contact element 3 has a contact element recess 12 at its free end, shown here as a slot. The mating contact element 4 has a mating contact element recess 13 at its free end, also shown here as a slot. These recesses 12 and 13 allow the contact element 3 and the mating contact element 4 to be guided around the coupling element 11, so that they overlap in the area of ​​the coupling element 11 when connected. This coding (the coupling element 11 must be inserted into the recesses 12 and 13) makes it easy to detect incorrect connection or the use of an incorrect connector 1 or mating connector 2.

[0134] The contact element 2 has two locking notches 14 on its sides in the front area (near the free end). The connector housing 20 has a locking projection 21 on each of its side walls (one wall is visible here). If the normal force is now applied to the contact partners 3, 4 by moving the roller element 5 from the first position S1 to the second position S2, the contact element 3 with its locking notches 14 can be moved along or parallel to the clamping direction K past the locking projection 21 and lock behind the locking projection 21. An operator can receive haptic and / or acoustic feedback when initiating the movement during locking and thus recognizes that the end position or the second position S2 has been reliably reached. This facilitates assembly in difficult installation situations.Furthermore, this method can also advantageously create a kind of self-locking mechanism that prevents the roller element 5 from shifting back on its own.

[0135] Fig. Figure 3b shows a schematic perspective view of a further embodiment of the contact element 3 and the counter-contact element 4 from the Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b.

[0136] In contrast to the embodiment made of Fig. In section 3a, the contact element 3 has a contact element recess 12 in the form of a completely closed opening, similar to a hole. This allows the contact element 3 to be securely positioned along the insertion direction E within the connector 1 during assembly (almost fixed in place) and exhibits only a certain degree of movement along the clamping direction K.

[0137] The Fig. 4a and Fig. Figure 4b shows a schematic cross-section of another connector arrangement 100, in which the roller element 5 is in the first position S1 ( Fig. 4a) or in the second position S2 ( Fig. 4b). The lever element 7 is shown with a solid line in its current position and with a dashed line in its other position. Furthermore, in Fig. 4a The mating contact element 4 is shown only with a dashed line. This is to illustrate that the connector 1 in the first position S1 is ready for the (almost) force-free insertion of the mating contact element 4. When the mating contact element 4 is inserted (and also during insertion), there is some play along the clamping direction K between contact element 3 and mating contact element 4. Furthermore, this makes the bearing of the retaining element 6 or the coupling element 11 more visible.

[0138] In this embodiment, the retaining element 6 is coupled to a contact element 16 via a cage-like element 15. The cage element 15, by way of example, represents the coupling element 11 as a rigid box. The cage element 15 can be made of an insulating material, such as ceramic. It preferably exhibits high rigidity, particularly along the clamping direction.

[0139] As above, for example, to Fig. As described in Figure 2d, the roller element 5 has an elliptical cross-section. It also has a shaft 53 to which a roller body 54 is non-rotatably connected.

[0140] When the roller element 5 is moved from the first position S1 to the second position S2, the fourth section 58 (which acts like a projection 8 relative to a circular shape) lifts the contact element 16 and thus also the retaining element 6 in this figure. This already reduces the distance between the roller element 5 and the retaining element 6. Simultaneously, the distance between the surface 50 of the roller element 5 and the retaining element 6 is reduced due to the elliptical shape (the second distance D2 is smaller than the first distance D1). A principal axis distance DHA of the second section 52 (which also acts like a projection 8 relative to a circular shape) from the axis of rotation A is greater than a minor axis distance DNA of the first section 51 from the axis of rotation A. In this way, the contact element 3 and the counter-contact element 4 are clamped between the roller element 5 and the retaining element 6 in the second position S2.In this embodiment, a spring element 9 is also provided on or at the retaining element 6, which could, in principle, also be omitted. The first distance D1 and the second distance D2 are again measured from the top of the spring element 9.

[0141] In principle, as described above, the clamping could also be achieved solely by lifting the retaining element 6 using the cage element 15 and the contact element 16. In this case, the distance of the axis of rotation A from the first section 51 and from the second section 52 would be the same.

[0142] The retaining element 6 is mounted in or on the connector housing 20. Here, it is shown in an exemplary, displaceable manner, so that it can be moved essentially along the clamping direction K. This mounting can be implemented, for example, by at least one bearing recess 17, e.g., in the form of an elongated hole. The bearing recess 17 can be guided, for example, along at least one bearing pin 22, which can be arranged on the connector housing 20. In this way, the retaining element 6 or the cage element 15 can be moved with minimal friction along the clamping direction K when the roller element 5 is moved from the first position S1 to the second position S2. The clamping forces remain within the cage element 15, so that the connector housing 20 can, for example, have a thin wall. The cage element 15, or the combination of retaining element 6, roller element 5, and, if applicable, the cage element 15, is thus able to act as a guide for the clamping force.The coupling element 11 can be tailored to the desired properties with regard to the materials, the stiffness of the materials and the forces that must be withstood, without affecting the connector housing 20.

[0143] It is understood that a recess (not shown here) may be provided in a wall of the cage element 15, through which the shaft 53 and / or the roller body 54 or the entire roller element 5 passes. In this way, the roller element 5 can be actuated, for example, from an outside of the cage element 15 or even from an outside of the connector housing 20.

Claims

[1] Connectors (1), especially for high current and / or high voltage applications, for connecting to a mating connector (2) comprising connectors (1): -- a contact element (3) for electrical contacting with a mating contact element (4) of the mating connector (2), -- a roller element (5), -- a retaining element (6), wherein the contact element (3) is arranged between the roller element (5) and the holding element (6), wherein the connector (1) is configured so that the mating contact element (4) can be inserted between the roller element (5) and the retaining element (6), wherein the roller element (5) is rotatably displaceable about an axis of rotation (A) between a first position (S1) and a second position (S2), wherein the roller element (5) is arranged eccentrically offset to the axis of rotation (A) and / or wherein the roller element (5) has a non-circular cross-section, wherein in the second position (S2) of the roller element (5) with the counter contact element (4) inserted the contact element (3) and the counter contact element (4) are clamped between the roller element (5) and the holding element (6) along a clamping direction (K) which in particular runs perpendicular to the axis of rotation (A), wherein, in particular in the first position (S1) of the roller element (5), the counter-contact element (4) can be inserted between the roller element (5) and the retaining element (6) with an insertion force of at most 5N, preferably at most 2N, wherein the holding element (6) is coupled to the roller element (5) in such a way that when the roller element (5) is moved from the first position (S1) to the second position (S2), the holding element (6) is moved substantially along the clamping direction (K) towards the roller element (5). [2] Connector according to the preceding claim, wherein in the first position (S1) a first distance (D1) between a first section (51) of the surface (50) of the roller element (5) facing the contact element (3) and the retaining element (6) is greater than a second distance (D2) between a second section (52) of the surface (50) of the roller element (5) facing the contact element (3) and the retaining element (6) in the second position (S2), in particular by at most 2.5mm or by at most 2mm. [3] Connectors according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first position (S1) and the second position (S2) are spaced apart from each other by a rotation angle (W) of at most 135°, preferably at most 100° and particularly preferably at most 90°, about the axis of rotation (A). [4] Connectors according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a lever element (7) which can be actuated from an external environment (40) of the connector (1) is attached to the roller element (5), in particular a detachable lever element (7). wherein the roller element (5) can be moved from the first position (S1) to the second position (S2) by means of the lever element (7), wherein the lever element (7) is in particular electrically insulated from the contact element (3) and from the counter-contact element (4). [5] Connector according to the preceding claim, wherein the gear ratio when actuating the lever element (7) to move the roller element (5) from the first position (S1) to the second position (S2) is at least 50:1, preferably at least 100:

1. [6] Connectors according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the roller element (5) has a projection (8), wherein the projection (8) is moved towards the holding element (6) when the roller element (5) is moved from the first position (S1) to the second position (S2), in particular such that the distance between the projection (8) and the retaining element (5) decreases when viewed along the clamping direction (K). [7] Connectors according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a spring element (9) is provided on the retaining element (6), in particular a leaf spring or a disc spring, wherein the spring element (9) is arranged between the retaining element (6) and the contact element (3), in particular viewed along the clamping direction (K). [8] Connectors according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the roller element (5) has an oval cross-section, or wherein the roller element (5) has an elliptical cross-section, wherein in particular the ratio of the main axis to the secondary axis is at most 1.3:1, preferably at most 1.2:1, or wherein the roller element (5) has a cam-shaped cross-section, wherein in particular the cam stroke (HN) is at most 20%, preferably at most 10% of a smallest cam diameter (DN). [9] Connectors according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface (50) of the roller element (5) is designed to be electrically insulating, and / or wherein the roller element (5) is made of electrically insulating material, in particular ceramic. [10] Connectors according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the roller element (5) is manufactured in one piece, or wherein the roller element (5) is manufactured in at least two parts, wherein the roller element (5) has an internal shaft (53) and wherein the roller element (5) has an external roller body (54) which is connected to the shaft (53) in a rotationally fixed manner. [11] Connectors according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the axis of rotation (A) of the roller element (5) is arranged such that in the first position (S1) and in the second position (S2) the section (51, 52) of the surface (50) of the roller element (5) facing the contact element (3) is at the same distance from the axis of rotation (A). [12] Connectors according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the connector (1) has a connector housing (20), wherein the retaining element (6) is mounted in or on the connector housing (20), in particular is mounted in a displaceable manner, especially displaceable essentially along the clamping direction (K). [13] Connector arrangement comprising the connector arrangement: -- a connector (1) according to one of the preceding claims, -- a mating connector (2) with a mating contact element (4), wherein the contact element (3) and the mating contact element (4) are arranged between the roller element (5) and the retaining element (6).

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