Clay building material

Abstract

A clay building material (100) with a clay mortar (18) is proposed, with which different elements can be bonded together, for a laying system of an underfloor heating system (10, 12, 24) in a clay screed, wherein the clay building material (100) comprises additives which can be used flexibly and are formed from an additive mixture, whereby the properties of the clay building materials (100) can be changed and, depending on the variance of the individual ingredients of the additives, the parameters tensile / compressive / flexural / shear strength and flowability can be influenced.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a clay building material. State of the art

[0002] Clay bricks are well known for their construction purposes. A clay brick is a block of clay formed by hand or with formwork and then air-dried, used in clay construction. Sand is mixed with rich clay, and sometimes fibrous materials such as straw or animal dung from herbivores such as camels, cattle, and horses are added. Plant fibers reduce weight, improve thermal insulation, and provide tensile strength, thus reducing cracking during drying. In heavy rain, the clay brick softens again; clay walls must be protected from persistent moisture and driving rain. Firing turns a clay brick into a brick, clay tile, or clinker.

[0003] Clay is used to make air bricks (green bricks), usually mixed with sand, plant fibers, or other fillers. Too much sand reduces the load-bearing capacity of the bricks, while too much clay causes them to crack. The addition of dry or soaked straw must also be carefully measured. The carefully kneaded, viscous clay mixture is traditionally pressed into rectangular wooden molds, but nowadays, metal molds are also common. Once the mass has solidified, the mold frame is removed. Bricks with a high clay content are usually stored in the shade to dry, as rapid evaporation can cause cracks. However, the green bricks can also be exposed to direct sunlight to dry.

[0004] Mechanical presses can be used to efficiently produce clay bricks with improved load-bearing capacity. These machine-pressed bricks are called compressed earth blocks (CEBs). Bricks to which cement or other binding agents are added for stabilization are called compressed stabilized earth blocks (CSEBs) or stabilized earth blocks (SEBs). Clay bricks can usually be fully recycled. Clay mortar and plaster residue can usually be easily removed. Whole and half bricks can be rebuilt. Broken bricks are soaked in water and processed into mortar, plaster, or new clay bricks.

[0005] DE 202 21 176.2 discloses a ceiling and wall element with a cooling or heating pipe system integrated into the element for wall and / or ceiling heating based on the radiant heat system. The ceiling and wall element is designed as a statically self-supporting structural element. This structural element is prefabricated. Depending on the position of the installed pipes, a main cooling or main heating side of the structural element can be defined.

[0006] The disadvantage of the known devices is that the known clay is designed for the production of clay bricks for building purposes, but does not offer any other possible applications.

[0007] The object of the invention is therefore to provide a clay building material that enables the installation of underfloor heating. Disclosure of the invention

[0008] The invention is disclosed by the features of the main claim. Embodiments and further developments are the subject of the further claims following the main claim.

[0009] A clay building material is disclosed. The clay building material can be reinforced with an additive. It includes, in particular, clay masonry mortar, clay plaster mortar, clay filler, clay reinforcement compound, clay adhesive, rammed earth, clay bricks, clay (cardboard) panels, load-bearing components such as lintels, ring beams, and possibly others. The clay building material for the installation of underfloor heating comprises at least one clay module and a clay mortar for an underfloor heating installation system in a clay screed.

[0010] Clay mortar is used for the installation system, which bonds different elements or clay modules together. Clay mortar, at least, contains additives that can be used flexibly. These additives form a mixture that can modify the properties of clay building materials. Depending on the variation of the individual ingredients, parameters such as tensile / compressive / flexural / shear strength, flowability, adhesive strength, and even foaming can be influenced. The additives used are biodegradable and sustainable. Stabilizing and foaming additives can be added to the clay mortar.

[0011] To stabilize, increase the flowability, or foam clay building materials, the additives bone glue granules, vinegar essence (25%), and water are required. The bone glue granules are either soaked in the measured water and allowed to swell for 24 hours, or processed without pre-soaking. The mixture of bone glue and water is heated in a water bath between 50–60°C and stirred continuously until the bone glue granules have liquefied and mixed with the water. The vinegar essence is then added while stirring. The vinegar essence dissolves the cell membrane in the bone glue, making it workable at room temperature. If the additive is added to a clay building material, the clay absorbs the additive due to its high cohesive strength and bonds with it. Crystal-like compounds form. This increases the overall stability.By adding a small amount of vinegar essence, the clay mixture can swell to a minimal extent, but the addition of vinegar essence is necessary to prevent the formation of mold during the drying process.

[0012] The basic mixture contains 300 g of clay mortar, 40 g of bone glue granules, 60 g of tap water and 7 g of vinegar essence (25%).

[0013] The determined strengths are: Bending tensile strength = 10 N / mm 2 , Compressive strength = 20 N / mm 2

[0014] To increase resistance and bond strength, clay mortars and clay fillers containing the additives can be used. Any base mortar or clay filler from a clay manufacturer is used in conjunction with the developed additive. The increase in strength and bond strength can be controlled by the amount of additive. The properties will vary depending on the manufacturer's base mortar due to natural mixing ratios and must be determined before each distribution.

[0015] To increase flowability, clay mortar, clay leveling compound, and / or clay leveling compound can be used. For example, any base mortar or clay filler from a clay manufacturer with an additive (increased water content) can be used. The increase in flowability can be controlled by the amount of water. Shrinkage cracks are possible depending on the clay content of the base material. The properties will vary depending on the manufacturer's base material due to natural mixing ratios and must be determined before each sale.

[0016] To create clay insulation, the amount of vinegar essence can be increased and the amount of water added reduced, creating the effect of the clay foaming. Adding baking soda to the clay base material as needed can intensify the foaming process. This creates larger air pores. The baking soda is mixed into the clay building material and then added shortly before processing. Depending on the amount of vinegar essence and baking soda, this reduces the load-bearing capacity and density of the clay. Foam-like structures form. Using a mold, insulation panels can be created from this mixture. These can be used as floor or wall insulation.

[0017] One embodiment may include, in particular, 1200 g of clay mortar, 120 g of bone glue granules, 70 g of tap water, 130 g of vinegar essence (25%), and 12 g of baking soda. The strengths may, for example, be 5.5 N / mm for the flexural tensile strength. 2 and for the compressive strength 12 N / mm 2 be.

[0018] To increase resistance and adhesive strength, for lintels and ring beams with additional reinforcement (e.g., bamboo rods), as well as for clay blocks, any base mortar from a clay manufacturer is used in combination with the developed additive. The load-bearing component can be constructed from individual, thin layers. For production, an approximately 10 mm thick slab is produced from the aforementioned mixture in the desired length and width. After the drying process, the individual slabs are mortared on top of one another using the same material until the desired component dimensions are achieved. The increase in strength and adhesive strength can be controlled by the amount of additive. The properties will vary depending on the manufacturer's base material due to naturally occurring mixing ratios and must be determined before each distribution.

[0019] To increase the resistance and resulting load transfer of clay building boards or clay plasterboards with load transfer, any base mortar, clay filler, any clay building board mix, or rammed earth from a clay manufacturer is used in combination with the developed additive and inserted reinforcement (e.g., jute fabric) or paper glued to the outer surfaces, as with plasterboard. The increase in strength and adhesive force can be controlled by the amount of additive. To prevent the high-strength material from chipping when screwing or nailing, the clay content in the original clay building material must be increased. This results in a fracture pattern similar to that of plasterboard. The properties will vary depending on the manufacturer's base material due to naturally occurring mixing ratios and must be determined before each sale.

[0020] If the additive is to be used later for storage / transport, it is filled into suitable containers after the described manufacturing process at the required temperature of 50-60°C and sealed. Upon cooling, a vacuum is created in the container, which preserves the additive. Depending on the desired processing temperature, the additive may need to be briefly heated in a water bath.

[0021] To create a clay underfloor heating system, i.e., underfloor heating in a clay screed, a clay mortar with the additive and prefabricated clay modules, particularly rammed earth modules, are used. To create the (rammed) clay modules, 7.5 kg of 0 / 8 rammed earth is used, which is mixed with the water content specified by the manufacturer and placed in a steel mold with internal dimensions W x H x H = 300 x 400 x 100 mm. The rammed earth mixture is processed without the additive. The rammed earth mixture is pressed into the steel mold using a suitable press with a pressure of 13.33 N / mm 2 Pressed, stripped, and then dried on a suitable base. To prevent the module from warping, the support surface must be kept as small as possible during drying. The pressed modules measure 400 x 300 x 27 mm (L x W x H). The dried modules can be stacked and stored on a Euro pallet.

[0022] To install the underfloor heating, you start with the clay leveling compound. This is applied to the subfloor depending on the structure (floating, as a composite), and the first layer of clay modules is laid on the clay leveling compound. The installation is carried out using T-joints. The joints are glued together using clay mortar with additives during installation. Additional clay modules are then cut to the pipe spacing (e.g. 95 x 400 mm). The cut clay modules form the second layer in which the heating pipes are laid. Shortly before the clay mortar with additive is applied, the surface of the clay modules in the first layer is moistened with a little water to create a bond between the clay mortar with additive and the clay modules. The cut clay modules are then laid in the clay mortar with additive at the pipe spacing, and the installation joint for the heating pipes is limited with spacers (e.g. leftover heating pipes).The excess mortar with additive is removed from the installation joint so that the heating pipe can be installed in accordance with the standards after it has dried. Once the second layer is finished, a drying time of 1 - 2 days must be observed, depending on the room climate. After the drying time, the heating pipe (e.g. PE-RT, PE-XE, PE-XC, aluminum composite pipe) is inserted into a newly applied bed of clay mortar with additive in the installation joint and then covered with the clay mortar with additive. Immediately afterwards, just before the clay mortar with additive is applied, the surfaces of the clay modules are brushed with a little water to create a bond between the clay mortar with additive and the clay modules. The third layer of clay modules is laid in the subsequently applied clay mortar with additive. The installation is carried out using T-joints. The joints are glued with the clay mortar with additive during installation. Excess mortar on the surface is removed.This top layer must dry for another 24 hours. The created floor surface is then leveled with a clay filler containing the additive required for the surface quality. The surface of the installed clay modules must be moistened with water again before the leveling compound is applied. Once the leveling compound has dried, after about 24 hours, the surface can be treated or designed as desired. If the surface is to remain visible, it must be protected against moisture. This can be done with carnauba wax. If, for example, laminate or parquet flooring is chosen, the impact sound insulation and the floor covering can be laid directly onto the untreated surface of the clay leveling compound.

[0023] The thickness of the clay underfloor heating system can be selected in 30 mm increments, depending on the design (floating, composite) and the desired installation height. The minimum thickness is two layers (60 mm), a heating pipe layer and a heat distribution layer. The maximum thickness is limited by the structural conditions. The flexural strength can reach 3.32 N / mm 2 , the compressive strength 3.31 N / mm 2 be.

[0024] The clay building material according to the invention has the advantage that, through its combination with additives, a mixture is created that can positively modify the properties of clay building materials, particularly for use in the installation of underfloor heating systems. Depending on the variation of the individual ingredients, parameters such as tensile / compressive / flexural / shear strength, flowability, adhesive strength, and foaming can be influenced. The additives used are biodegradable and sustainable.

[0025] Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the following description of the figures, the drawings and the claims.

[0026] An exemplary embodiment of the inventive solution is explained in more detail below with reference to the attached schematic drawings. It shows: Fig. 1 shows a three-layer clay underfloor heating system in longitudinal section, Fig. 2 shows a two-layer clay underfloor heating system in longitudinal section, Fig. 3 shows a clay module layer in a plan view, Fig. 4 shows the clay module layer for the two- or three-layer clay underfloor heating in a top view Fig. 5 shows the clay module layer with a heating pipe in plan view and Fig. Figure 6 shows the clay module layer with a filled surface in plan view.

[0027] In Fig. Figure 1 illustrates the use of a clay building material 100 for a clay underfloor heating system 10, in this embodiment a 3-layer clay underfloor heating system 12. To stabilize, increase the flowability, or foam the clay building material 100, an additive comprising bone glue granules, vinegar essence (25%), and water is added. The 3-layer clay underfloor heating system 12 has a floating structure. Three layers of a clay module 14 are formed. To create the clay underfloor heating system 100, i.e., an underfloor heating system in a clay screed, a clay mortar 18 with an additive and prefabricated clay modules 14 are used. Additives can include, in particular, bone glue granules, vinegar essence (25%), and water.To create the clay modules 14, this example uses 7.5 kg of 0 / 8 rammed earth, mixed with the water content specified by the manufacturer, and placed in a steel mold with internal dimensions of 300 x 400 x 100 mm (W x H x H). The rammed earth mixture is processed without the additive. The rammed earth mixture is compressed in a steel mold using a suitable press at 13.33 N / mm. 2 pressed, removed from the formwork, and then dried on a suitable base. To prevent the module from warping, the support surface must be kept as small as possible during drying. The pressed clay modules 14 measure 400 x 300 x 27 mm (L x W x H). The dried clay modules 14 can be stacked and stored on a Euro pallet.

[0028] The surface is formed from a clay filler 16 containing an additive. A clay mortar 18 containing an additive is formed between two clay modules 14. A heating pipe 20 is arranged in this clay mortar 18. A clay module 14 rests on a clay leveling compound 22, also containing an additive. A bottom side facing toward a floor has a seal 24 and insulation 26. To achieve insulation 26 designed as clay insulation, the amount of additive, particularly vinegar essence, can be increased and the amount of water added can be reduced, thereby creating the effect of foaming the clay. Adding baking soda to the clay starting material as needed can intensify the foaming process. The baking soda is mixed into the clay building material 100, and the additive is then added shortly before processing.Depending on the amount of vinegar essence and baking soda, this reduces the load-bearing capacity and density of the clay. Foam-like structures form. Using a mold, insulation panels 26 can be created from this mixture. These can be used as floor or wall insulation. The exemplary embodiment may include, in particular, 1200 g of clay mortar 18, 120 g of bone glue granules, 70 g of tap water, 130 g of vinegar essence (25%), and 12 g of baking soda. The strength values, for example, for the flexural tensile strength, may be 5.5 N / mm. 2 and for the compressive strength 12 N / mm 2 be.

[0029] Fig. Figure 2 shows the use of a clay building material 100 for a clay underfloor heating system 10, in this second embodiment, a two-layer clay underfloor heating system 24. Two layers are formed from two clay modules 14. The clay mortar 18 with additive is arranged between these two layers. A heating pipe 20 is embedded in this clay mortar 18. An upper cover is formed from a clay filler 16 with additive. The clay leveling compound 22, comprising an additive, rests on a concrete ceiling 26.

[0030] Clay mortar 18 is used for an installation system, which bonds different elements together. Clay mortar 18 includes additives that can be used flexibly. The additives, for example, the base mixture, which consists of 300 g of clay mortar, 40 g of bone glue granules, 60 g of tap water, and 7 g of vinegar essence (25%), form an additive mixture that can modify the properties of clay building materials. Depending on the variation of the individual ingredients, parameters such as tensile / compressive / flexural / shear strength, flowability, and adhesive strength can be influenced, and foaming can be created. The additives used are biodegradable and sustainable. Stabilizing and foaming additives can be added to Clay mortar 18.

[0031] For the installation of the underfloor heating 10, as described in the example, we begin with the clay leveling compound 22. This is applied to the subfloor depending on the structure (floating, as a composite), and the first layer of clay modules 14 is laid on the clay leveling compound 22. Installation is carried out with T-joints. The joints are glued with a clay mortar 18 with additive during installation. Subsequently, additional clay modules 14 are cut to the pipe spacing (e.g., 95 x 400 mm). The cut clay modules 14 form the second layer in which the heating pipe 30 is laid. The surface of the clay modules 14 of the first layer is moistened with a little water shortly before the clay mortar 18 with additive is applied in order to create the bond between the clay mortar 18 with additive and the clay modules 14. Then the cut clay modules 14 are laid in the clay mortar 18 with additive at a pipe spacing of 28 and the laying joint for the heating pipe 30 is filled with spacers (e.g.heating pipe residues). The excess clay mortar 18 with additive is removed from the installation joint so that the heating pipe 30 can be installed in accordance with the standards after it has dried. Once the second layer has been laid, a drying time of 1 - 2 days must be observed, depending on the room climate. After the drying time, the heating pipe 30 (e.g. PE-RT, PE-XE, PE-XC, aluminum composite pipe) is inserted into a newly installed clay mortar bed with additive in the installation joint and then covered with the clay mortar 18 containing the additive. Immediately afterwards, shortly before the clay mortar 18 with additive is applied, the surfaces of the clay modules 14 are brushed with a little water to create the bond between the clay mortar 18 with additive and the clay modules 14. The third layer of clay modules 14 is laid out in the subsequently applied clay mortar 18 with additive. The tiles are laid using T-joints. The joints are sealed with clay mortar 18 with additive during installation.Excess clay mortar 18 on the surface is removed. This upper layer must dry again for 24 hours. The created floor area is then filled with a clay filler 16 with the additive required for the surface quality. The surface of the laid clay modules 14 must be moistened with water again before the filler of the clay filler 16 is applied. Once the filler has dried, after approximately 24 hours, the surface can be treated or designed as desired. If the surface is to remain visible, it must be protected against moisture. This can be done with carnauba wax. If, for example, a laminate or parquet floor is chosen, the impact sound insulation and the floor covering can be laid directly on the untreated surface of the clay filler 16.

[0032] Fig. Figure 3 shows a layer of a clay module 14. This layer is formed in a floating structure within a clay leveling compound 22. A laying pattern for this floating layer of the clay module 14 is shown. To increase resistance and adhesive strength, clay mortar 18 and clay filler 16 containing the additives are used. Any base mortar or clay filler 16 from a clay manufacturer is used in conjunction with the developed additive. The increase in strength and adhesive strength can be controlled by the amount of additive. The properties will vary depending on the manufacturer's base mortar due to natural mixing ratios and must be determined before each distribution.

[0033] To increase flowability, clay mortar 18, a clay leveling compound 22, and / or a clay leveling compound can be used. For example, any base mortar or clay filler 18 from a clay manufacturer with the additive (increased water content) is used. The increase in flowability can be controlled by the amount of water. Shrinkage cracks are possible depending on the clay content of the base material. The properties will vary depending on the manufacturer's base material due to natural mixing ratios and must be determined before each distribution.

[0034] Fig. 4 shows a layer of a clay module 14 cut into a clay leveling compound 22 in a composite structure. The clay module 14 can also be arranged in a clay mortar 18, wherein the clay mortar 18 contains an additive. The clay leveling compound 22 is dried for approximately 24 hours. Spacings 28 are provided for heating pipes 30.

[0035] Fig. Figure 5 shows the installation of a heating pipe 30. The thickness of the clay underfloor heating 10 can be selected in 30 mm increments depending on the structure (floating, composite) and the desired installation height. The minimum is two layers (60 mm): a heating pipe-carrying layer and a heat distribution layer. The maximum is limited by the static conditions. The flexural strength can be 3.32 N / mm 2 , the compressive strength 3.31 N / mm 2 be.

[0036] Fig. Figure 6 shows a clay module 14 in a clay mortar 18 with an additive, which is to be dried for 24 hours. The surface is then filled with a clay filler 16 with an additive.

[0037] All features presented in the description, the following claims and the drawings can be essential to the invention both individually and in any combination with one another. List of reference symbols 10 Clay underfloor heating 12 3-layer clay underfloor heating 14 Clay module 16 clay filler 18 Clay mortar 20 heating pipes 22 Clay leveling compound 24 2-layer clay underfloor heating 26 Concrete ceiling 28 Distance heating pipe 30 heating pipes 100 clay building material QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] DE 202 21 176.2

[0005]

Claims

[1] Clay building material (100) with a clay mortar (18) with which different elements can be bonded together, for a laying system of an underfloor heating system (10, 12, 24) in a clay screed, characterized by that the clay building material (100) comprises additives which can be used flexibly and are formed from an additive mixture, whereby the properties of the clay building materials (100) can be changed and, depending on the variance of the individual ingredients of the additives, the parameters tensile, compressive, flexural, shear strength and flowability and an adhesive strength can be influenced. [2] Clay building material (100) according to claim 1, characterized by that the earth building material (100) includes earth masonry mortar, earth plaster mortar, earth filler, earth reinforcing compound, earth adhesive, rammed earth, earth bricks, earth panels, earth cardboard panels, lintels and ring beams. [3] Clay building material (100) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized bythat an additive mixture of bone glue granules, 25% by weight of vinegar essence and water is used to stabilize, increase the flowability or foam the clay building materials (100). [4] Clay building material (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the additive from the additive mixture comprises 300 g clay mortar, 40 g bone glue granules, 60 g tap water and 7 g vinegar essence 25% by weight. [5] Clay building material (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that for the production of insulating devices, soda is added to the clay building material (100) and mixed therein together with the additive mixture, so that the process of foaming of the clay building material (100) is intensified. [6] Clay building material (100) according to claim 5, characterized bythat the clay building material (100) to achieve enlarged air pores comprises 1200 g clay mortar, 120 g bone glue granulate, 70 g tap water and 130 g vinegar essence 25% by weight, as well as 12 g sodium bicarbonate and the strengths for the flexural tensile strength are 5.5 N / mm 2 and for the compressive strength 12 N / mm 2 be. [7] Clay building material (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the clay building material (100) can be used as a laying system for embedding a heating pipe, wherein the heating pipe is made of PE-RT, PE-XE, PE-XC, or an aluminum composite. [8] Clay building material (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the clay building material (100) is formed from individual layers, each of which is 10 mm thick and comprises the additive with the additive mixture, and the individual layers are mortared over one another after they have dried and are thereby connected to one another. [9] Method for producing a clay building material (100) for a laying system for an underfloor heating system (10, 12, 24) in a clay screed according to one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps: a) Production of prefabricated clay modules (14) by b) Mixing a 0 / 8 rammed earth and mixing with water c) Pouring into a mold d) Pressing in the mold e) Drying f) Applying a clay levelling compound (22) to a substrate g) laying out a first layer of clay modules (14) on a clay levelling compound (22) h) producing a clay mortar (18) comprising an additive, and i) Bonding of laying joints with clay mortar (18) j) producing a composite of the clay modules (14) and the clay mortar (18) comprising the additive by applying water to a surface of the first layer k) Forming a second layer with the cut clay modules (14) I) Drying m) Covering with the clay mortar (18) containing the additive. [10] Method according to claim 9, characterized by that after step j) further clay modules (14) are cut to a pipe spacing and after step l) a heating pipe for an underfloor heating system (10, 12, 24) is inserted into a newly introduced bed of clay mortar (18) with the additive in the laying joint. [11] Method according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized by that after step m) at least one further layer is applied after a drying phase of the surface of the second layer k) and after subsequent moistening of the surface of the clay modules (14) with water and the application of a further clay mortar (18) with an additive. [12] Method according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized bythat as a further process step, a floor surface created in this way is filled with a clay filler (16) with an additive depending on the surface quality requirements, wherein the surface of the laid clay modules (14) is moistened again with water before the filler of the clay filler (16) is applied and after the filler has dried, the surface is treated or designed. [13] Method according to claim 12, characterized by that the surface is protected against moisture by applying a carnuba wax, which keeps the surface visible. [14] Method according to claim 12, characterized by that when a floor covering is subsequently applied in the formation of a laminate or parquet floor, impact sound insulation and the floor covering are laid directly on the untreated surface of the clay filler of the clay filler (16). [15] Method according to one of claims 9 to 14, characterized bythat for the production of the clay modules (14) 7.5 kg of a 0 / 8 rammed earth are used, which is mixed with a suitable water content and placed in a steel mold with the internal dimensions WXLXH = 300 x 400 x 100 mm, whereby the rammed earth mixture is processed without any additives and the rammed earth mixture in the steel mold is pressed with a suitable press at 13.33 N / mm 2 pressed, removed from the formwork and then dried on a suitable base and in order to avoid the clay module (14) from cupping, the contact surface of the clay module (14) is kept as small as possible during drying, whereby the pressed clay modules (14) have a dimension of LXBXH = 400 x 300 x 27 mm. [16] Method according to one of claims 9 to 15, characterized bythat the joints of process step i) are formed as T-joints and the T-joints are glued with the clay mortar (18) with additive during laying and excess clay mortar (18) is then removed from the surface. [17] Method according to one of claims 9 to 16, characterized by that the clay leveling compound (22) is formed either as a floating layer or as a composite and is applied to a respective substrate.

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