Coupling methods

Abstract

The invention relates to a coupling method, in particular a computer-implemented coupling method, comprising providing an object identifier of a digital object, receiving a first transponder data record of a first transponder (206, 406) received by at least one receiving device (202) of a tracking system (200), wherein the first transponder (206, 406) comprises an event sensor (208) configured to detect a first event sequence of the first transponder (206, 406), wherein the first transponder data record contains at least a first transponder identifier of the first transponder (206, 406) and the detected first event sequence, determining whether the first event sequence contained in the received transponder data record fulfills a predefined event criterion, and coupling the digital object with the first transponder (206, 406) by generating a coupling data record.containing the object identifier of the digital object and the first transponder identifier of the first transponder, only if it is at least determined that the first event sequence fulfills the predefined event criterion.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a coupling method, in particular a computer-implemented coupling method, for coupling a digital object to a transponder. Furthermore, the invention relates to a computer program, a data processing device, in particular configured to execute the computer program, a positioning system, and a use thereof.

[0002] In the prior art, positioning systems are used to track objects and / or people. Real-time locating systems (RTLS) are particularly well-known for automatically identifying and tracking the location of objects or people in real time. Such a positioning system is typically implemented in a closed or enclosed area, such as a building or a building arrangement with, for example, a plurality of distributed and interconnected building sections.

[0003] Basically, positioning in a positioning system can be based on two different principles, which are illustrated in the Fig. 1a (self-location principle) and 1b (external location principle) are shown schematically. Fig. 1 a shows a positioning system 198 for self-location with at least one transmitter 196 (usually a plurality of transmitters) and at least one (central) data processing device 190 for locating at least one object 188. During self-location, the movable object 188 to be located or a receiver of the object 188 receives signals of varying signal strengths from the fixed transmitters 196 or transponders, whose positions are known in the positioning system and in particular in the object. From this data, the object 188 can determine its own position and, in particular, transmit it to the at least one data processing device 190.

[0004] The Fig. 1b shows a positioning system 100 for external location with at least one receiving device 104 (as a rule, a plurality of (fixed-mounted) receiving devices 104 can be provided) and a (central) data processing device 102, which is communicatively connected to the at least one receiving device 104. Furthermore, in the Fig. 1b shows that a wireless transponder 106 is attached to the object 188 to be tracked (or a user). The fixed reference points in the form of the receiving devices 104 are configured to receive the transponder signals (e.g., periodically transmitted) of the at least one transponder 106.

[0005] Furthermore, a respective receiving device 104 can be configured to transmit at least the data content of the at least one received transponder signal to the data processing device 102, in particular of a background system. The data processing device 102 can be configured to evaluate the received data content. This allows the position of the object in the data processing device 102 to be determined and / or it can be established, for example, that a transponder 106 or the corresponding object 188 has left or entered a defined sub-area of ​​the enclosed area, in particular at a definable time. This can lead to the generation and storage of a corresponding event in the data processing device of the background system.

[0006] Physically, a positioning system, especially in the form of an RTLS, is typically based on some form of radio frequency (RF) communication technology, such as UWB (Ultra-Wideband), RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), Wi-Fi, or Bluetooth (especially Bluetooth LE). However, some positioning systems use optical (e.g., infrared) and / or acoustic (e.g., ultrasonic) technologies instead of or in addition to RF technology. The structure of an RTLS is described in particular in the ISO / IEC 24730 standard.

[0007] To enable the tracking of an object in a described tracking system, it is generally necessary to establish an (informational) link or coupling between a transponder and the object. Only when the data processing device or the background system knows which transponder is attached to which object can individual objects be tracked and, in particular, events for the object can be recorded and / or generated. Objects and transponders therefore require a digital representation in the background system, in particular in the form of a coupling data set containing, for example, an object identifier of the object and a transponder identifier of the transponder. Coupling or linking is achieved in particular by a so-called pairing, in which a transponder identifier and an object identifier can be linked to one another in the coupling data set in the background system.

[0008] In the prior art, to perform the pairing process, a user first manually selects a transponder, particularly from a large number of available transponders. Then, the transponder identifier of the selected transponder is captured using a reader or input device. The user also selects an object to be linked to the transponder. Here, too, the object identifier can be captured using a reader, input device, or a digital interface. These identifiers are then stored in the (common) pairing data set, and the transponder is attached to the object.

[0009] For example, a previously described tracking system can be used in a production system for producing at least one product from at least one component. A production system usually contains a large number of physical objects (e.g., transport devices in the form of load carriers, components, products, etc.) and a large number of digital objects in a so-called ERP system (Enterprise Resource Planning System) of the tracking system. A digital object (e.g., handling unit, production order, serial number, etc.) can contain various and, for example, at least partially changeable data (e.g., quantity, status). A digital object is used in particular to control a production process for producing at least one product from at least one component. A digital object in the form of an ERP object can be newly created as needed and / or selected from a memory.This is done either automatically in the tracking system or through manual input.

[0010] In a tracking system, a digital object and a physical object are linked or coupled to each other. In the current state of the art, the link is usually established via a piece of paper attached to the physical object, on which a unique object identifier of the digital object is printed (e.g., in the form of alphanumeric text, barcode, etc.). Changing the data stored in the tracking system (e.g., a status change, quantity change) is performed in the current state of the art by manually entering and / or scanning the digital object identifier printed on the paper.

[0011] Using a tracking system, physical objects can be automatically tracked and the digital object linked to the physical object via a transponder can be controlled, particularly depending on the detected location of the physical object or the transponder attached to it. For this purpose, the digital object and the transponder of the physical object can be digitally linked or coupled, and this transponder can be attached to the physical object that corresponds to the digital object. Digital objects can be active for a limited time (e.g., production orders). Therefore, a multitude of coupling (and possibly decoupling) processes of digital objects and transponders are necessary during the operation of a production system controlled by a tracking system.

[0012] However, manually linking a digital object identifier and a transponder identifier is not only very time-consuming, but also always associated with a high error rate given the current state of the art. This means that it often happens that a transponder is not linked to a digital object, or that a digital object is linked to a transponder that is also within a linking range but is not actually used for the digital object or the corresponding physical object. If, for example, two transponders are available, it must be ensured that only the transponder or its identifier that is actually linked to the physical object to be tracked is linked to the digital object. As described, the reliability of the linking methods known from the current state of the art is insufficient. This, in turn, leads to a situation where objects (orpersons) is possible with a state-of-the-art tracking system.

[0013] Therefore, the object of the invention is to create a possibility by which the disadvantages of the prior art are at least reduced and, in particular, a reliable tracking of objects with a positioning system is enabled.

[0014] The object is achieved according to a first aspect of the invention by a coupling method according to claim 1, in particular a computer-implemented coupling method. The coupling method comprises: - Providing an object identifier of a digital object, - Obtaining a first transponder data record of a first transponder received by at least one receiving device of a positioning system, - wherein the first transponder comprises an event sensor configured to detect a first event history of the first transponder, - wherein the first transponder data record contains at least a first transponder identifier of the first transponder and the recorded first event history, - determining whether the first event history contained in the received first transponder data set meets a predefined event criterion, and - coupling the digital object to the first transponder by generating a coupling data record containing the object identifier of the digital object and the first transponder identifier of the first transponder, only if it is determined at least that the first event sequence fulfills the predefined event criterion.

[0015] By providing, in contrast to the prior art, a (computer-implemented) coupling method according to the invention for coupling a provided digital object and a provided (real) transponder (which can in particular be attached to the physical object to be tracked), in which coupling of the digital object to the transponder only occurs when the transponder has experienced an event sequence that fulfills a predefined or predetermined event criterion, the disadvantages of the prior art are at least reduced and, in particular, reliable tracking of objects with a tracking system is enabled.In particular, in the case that two transponders are located in a coupling range, the transponder to be coupled can be determined more reliably, since usually only the transponder to be coupled experiences an event history that fulfills the predefined (specific) event criterion, while an event history of the other transponder does not fulfill the event criterion.

[0016] The coupling method according to the invention serves to couple at least one digital object with at least one transponder in a positioning system for tracking the location of the at least one physical object to which the transponder is or can be attached. The positioning system according to the invention is based in particular on the so-called external positioning principle (see also Fig. 1b). The positioning system may comprise at least one (central) data processing device and at least one receiving device communicatively connected to the data processing device (and in particular fixedly mounted), in particular a plurality of such receiving devices.

[0017] The positioning system, in particular an RTLS, can be implemented in a closed or enclosed area, such as a building or a building arrangement with, for example, a plurality of distributed and interconnected building sections. However, the positioning system can also explicitly comprise an external surface or multiple external surfaces of a building or a plurality of buildings; just as a positioning system can comprise multiple geographically separated locations whose connections (traffic routes, roads, railways, waterways, flight routes, etc.) are not covered by the positioning system. In particular, the positioning system can be used to monitor the enclosed area and track objects or their transponders within this area.In particular, a plurality of receiving devices can be distributed in the said area in such a way that at least part of the area, preferably the entire area, is covered by the respective reception ranges of the respective receiving devices. This means, in particular, that a transponder signal transmitted by a transponder located in the enclosed or limited area can be received by at least one of the plurality of receiving devices.

[0018] A receiving device according to the invention comprises, in particular, an antenna permanently mounted in the aforementioned area. A receiving device can, in particular, comprise an antenna and at least one antenna signal evaluation module for evaluating transponder signals.

[0019] The coupling method comprises providing a digital object with an object identifier of the digital object. A digital object or virtual object is, in particular, an object data record containing at least the object identifier. An object identifier is, in particular, a system-wide unique identifier. In other words, the digital object can be uniquely identified in the tracking system based on the object identifier. For example, a digital object can be a production order, a handling unit, a serial number, etc.

[0020] A digital object or a corresponding object data record can contain at least one additional piece of data in addition to the object identifier, for example, a variable piece of data about the (current) quantity of products in the corresponding physical object and / or about the (current) status of the corresponding physical object. Alternatively or additionally, an object data record can contain further data that specifically specifies the digital object, for example, describing the object type (e.g., production order type).

[0021] Preferably, the digital object can be linked to a corresponding real or physical object. The real object can preferably be a transport device, such as a transport box, a transport vehicle, but also another object, such as a product, component, etc. For example, in the case of a digital object in the form of a production order, the physical object can be a transport device that can initially be filled with physical elements (e.g. components or semi-finished products) that are processed into the physical product in the course of production in accordance with the production order and supplemented with further components. The first transponder can be attached to the real object, such as the transport device, which is linked to the digital object. During the production order, the corresponding physical object can be tracked and the object or production order can be monitored in a known manner by the data processing device.For example, virtual and physical decoupling can occur after the production order has been completed.

[0022] Furthermore, the coupling method according to the invention comprises obtaining a first transponder data set of the first transponder received by at least one receiving device of a positioning system. The positioning system can comprise a receiving module or a receiving module configured to obtain the first transponder data set from a receiving device of the positioning system.

[0023] The receiving device can, in particular, be part of a short-range receiver or form such a receiver. The at least one receiving device can be configured to receive a transponder signal from a transponder located in a (defined) coupling range. In particular, a coupling range or pairing range can be (fully) monitored by the at least one receiving device or covered by its reception range. An area "monitored" by at least one receiving device (e.g., the antenna of the receiving device) is, in particular, a location at which properly operated receiving devices can receive evaluable electromagnetic signals from at least one transponder.

[0024] A transponder can preferably be an active transponder, in particular comprising an energy storage device for supplying the at least one electrically operated transponder component with electrical energy. The transponder can preferably be a radio-frequency (HF) communications technology transponder, such as a UWB (Ultra-Wideband) transponder, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) transponder, Wi-Fi transponder, or Bluetooth transponder. The transponder is particularly preferably a BLE transponder or a BLE beacon. In particular, such a transponder can have a corresponding transmission module (with an antenna) and a processing module configured to generate transponder signals to be transmitted via the transmission module.

[0025] However, it is understood that alternatively or additionally other systems with other technologies may be used, such as optical (e.g. infrared) and / or acoustic (e.g. ultrasound) technologies instead of or in addition to RF technology.

[0026] As already described, the positioning system is in particular a real-time positioning system or RTLS, in particular according to the ISO / IEC 24730 standard.

[0027] The at least one transponder (of the positioning system) can comprise at least one event sensor. An event sensor is configured to detect a first event sequence of the first transponder. This means, in particular, that a temporal event sequence experienced by the transponder can be detected, in particular measured, by the at least one first event sensor in the form of (time-dependent) event parameter values. A detected event sequence is formed, in particular, by a plurality (in particular a series) of (time-dependent) event parameter values ​​that were measured sequentially by the event sensor of the transponder.

[0028] In variants of the invention, a transponder can also comprise two or more different event sensors in order, in particular, to detect a corresponding number of different event sequences.

[0029] According to the invention, the first transponder data record contains the transponder identifier of the first transponder and the at least one described event sequence. A transponder identifier can, in particular, be a system-wide, unique transponder identifier. In other words, the transponder is uniquely identifiable in the positioning system by the transponder identifier. A transponder is configured to transmit a transponder signal containing the transponder identifier and preferably always at least one detected event parameter value. The transponder data record can be based on the at least one transponder signal received by the receiving device, in particular on a plurality of first transponder signals periodically transmitted by the first transponder. Preferably, each of these periodically transmitted and received transponder signals can contain at least the transponder identifier and at least one detected (time-dependent) event parameter value.

[0030] It is understood that a transponder data set can technically be formed from a plurality of sub-transponder data sets that the maintenance module can receive (sequentially).

[0031] According to the invention, the obtained first event sequence is evaluated based on at least one predefined event criterion. The predefined event criterion can be stored in a data memory of the positioning system. The evaluation comprises at least one determination, preferably by an evaluation module of the data processing device, of whether the first event sequence contained in the obtained first transponder data set satisfies (or does not satisfy) the at least one predefined event criterion. The predefined event criterion specifies, in particular, whether a received event sequence is such that coupling should occur.

[0032] Furthermore, according to the invention, coupling or linking (also referred to as pairing) only occurs if it is at least determined that the first event sequence fulfills the predefined event criterion. According to the present invention, this means in particular that coupling does not occur if the received (first) event sequence does not fulfill the predefined event criterion. Coupling only occurs if at least the event criterion is fulfilled. As will be described below, in preferred embodiments it may be necessary for further conditions to be met in order for coupling according to the invention to be carried out. However, according to the invention it may also be sufficient to carry out the coupling if it is only determined that the first event sequence fulfills the predefined event criterion.

[0033] Coupling according to the invention comprises generating or creating a coupling data set containing the object identifier of the digital object and the first transponder identifier of the first transponder that is attachable or attached to the physical object. An object identifier of the physical object corresponds in particular to the transponder identifier of the transponder that is attached to this physical object. The generated coupling data set is preferably stored, in particular in a data memory of the positioning system, in particular the data processing device. Through generation, the object identifier of the digital object and the first transponder identifier are linked to one another, in particular in a unique manner.

[0034] The location of the first transponder, and thus of the corresponding physical object, can then be tracked in the usual way. In particular, the status of the object (e.g., the current production status of a production order in the production process) can be monitored and, in particular, controlled based on its location.

[0035] According to one embodiment of the coupling method according to the invention, the predefined event criterion can comprise at least one reference event progression range. A reference event progression (also referred to as a reference signal pattern) can, in particular, define a parameter value range within which a detected event progression or the measured event parameter values ​​of the event progression must lie in order to determine or establish that the event criterion is met. For example, a reference event progression can be formed by a (calculated) ideal event progression with a tolerance range surrounding this progression. Alternatively or additionally, a reference event progression can be determined in advance by evaluating a plurality of test measurements.

[0036] Determining whether the first event progression meets the predefined event criterion can preferably comprise comparing the first event progression with the at least one reference event progression range. The first event progression can meet the predefined event criterion at least if the first event progression lies (in particular completely) within the reference event progression range. Complete means, in particular, that between a predefined starting point and a predefined end point of the first event progression, all measured event parameter values ​​of the first event progression lie within the reference event progression range.

[0037] According to a preferred embodiment of the coupling method according to the invention, the at least one event sensor can be a motion sensor. The motion sensor can be configured to detect a movement pattern or movement profile of the first transponder, in particular an acceleration pattern experienced by the first transponder. The predefined event criterion can comprise at least one reference movement pattern range. In particular, the at least one reference movement pattern range can be a reference acceleration pattern range. The reference movement pattern range can, in particular, be a specific falling movement (for example defined by length and / or maximum and / or minimum acceleration), a specific shaking movement (for example defined by length and / or maximum and / or minimum acceleration), a specific knocking movement (for example defined by length and / or maximum and / or minimum acceleration and / or minimuma jerk (also called a jerk) or a specific rotational movement (e.g., defined by length and / or maximum and / or minimum acceleration). As already described, a corresponding specific curve can contain corresponding tolerance values.

[0038] In particular, the event criterion is (only) met if the recorded movement is a falling movement, a shaking movement, a tapping movement, and / or a rotational movement, whose measured values ​​lie within the corresponding reference movement range (tapping movement reference range, shaking movement reference range, and / or rotational movement reference range). Coupling can be achieved in a particularly reliable manner. It is understood that other types of reference movement ranges can also be predefined.

[0039] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one event sensor can be a button. The button can be configured to detect a tactile response of the first transponder. The predefined event criterion can comprise at least one reference pressure response range. For example, the reference pressure response range can specify a specific tactile pattern (e.g., defined by length and / or maximum and / or minimum tactile force). For example, a button can be provided as the button, which must be actuated in a defined manner (e.g., a specific tactile pattern and / or specific tactile duration).

[0040] In particular, the event criterion is (only) met if the recorded tactile response is a tactile pattern whose measured values ​​lie within the corresponding reference tactile response range. Coupling can be achieved in a particularly reliable manner.

[0041] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one event sensor can be a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor can be configured to detect a temperature profile of the first transponder. The predefined event criterion can comprise at least one reference temperature profile range. For example, a temperature profile (e.g. defined by length and / or max. and / or min. temperature), e.g., with at least one temperature change experienced by a transponder, can be generated. The event criterion is in particular (only) met if the detected temperature profile is a temperature profile whose measured values ​​lie within the corresponding reference temperature profile range. Coupling can be achieved in a particularly reliable manner.

[0042] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one event sensor can be a brightness sensor. The brightness sensor can be configured to detect a brightness profile of the first transponder. The predefined event criterion can comprise at least one reference brightness profile range. For example, a brightness profile (e.g., defined by length and / or maximum and / or minimum brightness), e.g., with at least one brightness change, can be generated, which a transponder experiences. The event criterion is in particular (only) met if the detected brightness profile is a brightness profile whose measured values ​​lie within the corresponding reference brightness profile range. Coupling can be achieved in a particularly reliable manner.

[0043] According to a further embodiment of the coupling method according to the invention, providing the object identifier of the digital object can comprise selecting a digital object from a plurality of digital objects stored in an object memory of the positioning system. For example, the positioning system can comprise a generation module for generating digital objects. A generated digital object can be (temporarily) stored in an object memory of the positioning system.

[0044] The selection (or also the creation of a digital object) can be based on at least one predefined selection criterion. The at least one selection criterion can be a location event criterion. In particular, the positioning system can comprise at least two geographically different coupling areas, to which different digital objects are to be coupled. Preferably, the transponder data record can contain at least one location datum (e.g., geographical information and / or antenna identification of the receiving device that received the respective transponder signal). At least the coupling area in which the transponder to be coupled is located can be derived from the location datum. The digital object can then be selected to be used for the identified location or coupling area and the transponder located therein.This can, for example, result from an assignment table in which each coupling area is assigned an object type. The assignment table can be stored in the data processing device.

[0045] Alternatively or additionally, a digital object can contain an ordering criterion, such as a priority date, production area date, user date, and / or capacity date. The selection of a digital object from a plurality of digital objects stored in an object storage of the location system can additionally or alternatively be based on the priority date, production area date, user date, and / or capacity date. In particular, a ordering rule can be predefined that determines the selection order depending on the location event criterion, the priority date, production area date, user date, and / or capacity date. It is understood that alternatively or additionally, the digital object to be coupled can be selected manually. Furthermore, it is understood that an object storage can be a FIFO (First In First Out) memory.

[0046] According to a preferred embodiment of the coupling method according to the invention, the coupling method may further comprise: - Using an event generation device to generate a first event history of the first transponder, wherein the generated first event history satisfies the predefined event criterion.

[0047] The event generation device can be configured to generate a (defined) event sequence which a (first) transponder always experiences when it passes through the event generation device, at least when activating the event generation device.

[0048] Preferably, the event generation device can comprise a guide (for example, a downpipe with at least one guide element for deflecting a transponder moving through the downpipe, a slideway with a specific shape, and / or the like) configured to guide a transponder, at least upon activation of the event generation device. For example, activation can comprise opening a door or flap, a separating module, and / or the like. Then, guided by the guide and, for example, due to the weight acting on the transponder, the transponder can undergo a movement predefined by the guide (up to a defined end point, for example in the form of a receptacle). It is understood that a movement of a transponder can also be caused by an actuator.

[0049] Alternatively or additionally, an event generation device can comprise at least one temperature control device (e.g., a heating and / or cooling device). The temperature control device can be configured to control the temperature of a transponder (temporarily) located at the temperature control device, for example, guided past it on a guide. In particular, the transponder can thereby experience at least one predefined temperature change.

[0050] Alternatively or additionally, an event generation device can comprise at least one lighting device (e.g., a lamp and / or a shading system). The lighting device can be configured to illuminate a transponder (temporarily) located at the lighting device, for example, guided past it by a guide. In particular, the transponder can thereby experience at least one predefined brightness change.

[0051] Alternatively or additionally, an event generation device can comprise at least one sensing device (e.g., a hydraulic or electric sensing pulse generator). The sensing device can be configured to exert a specific sensing pattern on the transponder (temporarily) located at the sensing device, for example, guided past it by a guide. In particular, the transponder can thereby experience at least one predefined sensing pattern.

[0052] Coupling according to the invention can be carried out in an even more reliable and error-free manner when using the event generation device.

[0053] According to a further preferred embodiment of the coupling method according to the invention, the coupling method may further comprise: - Obtaining, in particular together with the transponder data record of the first transponder, a signal strength data record containing at least one signal strength data item of at least one transponder signal received by the at least one receiving device and / or an orientation data item of the first transponder transmitting the transponder signal, wherein the transponder signal contains at least the first transponder identifier and at least one event parameter value detected by the event sensor, - Determining whether the at least one signal strength datum meets a signal strength criterion and / or whether the at least one orientation datum meets an orientation criterion, - wherein the coupling of the digital object to the first transponder only occurs if it is at least determined that the at least one signal strength datum satisfies the signal strength criterion and / or the at least one orientation datum satisfies the orientation criterion.

[0054] As already described, each transponder transmits a transponder signal. In particular, the transponder can be configured to periodically transmit transponder signals. In particular, each transponder signal transmitted by a transponder can contain, as data content, at least the transponder identifier and preferably at least one event parameter value detected by the at least one event sensor.In variants of the invention, an event parameter value can also be included as data content in the transponder signal only if the measured event parameter value changes compared to at least one previous event parameter value and / or if a predefined event parameter limit is exceeded or undershot (for example, a minimum acceleration value, a minimum acceleration change, a minimum temperature value, a minimum temperature change, a minimum pressure value, a minimum pressure change, a minimum brightness value, a minimum brightness change, and / or the like). As already described, further data can be included as data content in the transponder signal, such as a timestamp.

[0055] As already described, the receiving device can, in particular, comprise an antenna signal evaluation module. The antenna signal evaluation module can be configured (among other things) to determine a signal strength datum (e.g., RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator)) and / or orientation datum (e.g., direction of the transmitting transponder, determined, for example, by evaluating the angle of arrival (AoA) of the transponder signal). Alternatively or additionally, signal propagation times can also be determined by the antenna signal evaluation module.

[0056] The at least one signal strength datum and / or the at least one orientation datum and / or a runtime datum can be added to the at least one transponder data set by the antenna signal evaluation module. The at least one datum can also be transmitted to the data processing device in a separate message.

[0057] It can then be determined whether the at least one signal strength datum satisfies a signal strength criterion (preferably a minimum signal strength) and / or whether the at least one orientation datum satisfies an orientation criterion (e.g., a predefined directional range). If a corresponding criterion is not met, it can be assumed, for example, that the corresponding transponder is not located within the coupling range. Coupling with a digital object can thus be omitted. In other words, coupling of the digital object with the first transponder can only occur if it is at least determined that the at least one signal strength datum satisfies the signal strength criterion and / or the at least one orientation datum satisfies the orientation criterion. The number of faulty couplings can be reduced even further.

[0058] According to a further embodiment of the coupling method according to the invention, an event progression for this transponder can be determined from the (time-dependent) event parameter values ​​of a plurality of transponder signals received (sequentially in time) from this transponder. In particular, if each transponder signal preferably contains an event parameter value and transponder signals are periodically transmitted with the currently detected event parameter value, the event progression for this transponder can be determined (in a simple manner).

[0059] According to a further embodiment of the coupling method according to the invention, generating the coupling data record can further comprise generating a coupling data record identifier. In particular, a system-wide unique coupling data record identifier can be generated for each generated coupling data record. In other words, a coupling data record can be uniquely identifiable in the positioning system based on the coupling data record identifier. The coupling data record can contain the coupling data record identifier. Preferably, each coupling data record can be securely identified based on the respective coupling data record identifier.

[0060] According to a further embodiment of the coupling method according to the invention, at least one further coupling datum can be added to a coupling data record via at least one interface. The at least one further coupling datum can, in particular, be a status datum of the real object (or the previously described status of the object), a priority datum, a production area datum, a user datum, a capacity datum, and / or the like. The status datum can, for example, be a current quantity, indicate a current status of a production order, or the like. A priority datum can, in particular, be used to specify a sequence, for example, the processing sequence for production orders. A digital object can also be assigned to a defined production area from at least two different production areas and / or to a defined user from at least two different users.A capacity date can in particular indicate the assignment to a given production capacity, such as a machine, a workstation or a processing technology.

[0061] According to a further preferred embodiment of the coupling method according to the invention, the coupling method may further comprise: - Causing a pairing confirmation to be output when the pairing data set is generated, in particular to the successfully paired transponder.

[0062] For example, the transponder can comprise a visual and / or acoustic display (e.g., LED, loudspeaker, etc.). After generating a pairing data set, the at least one display can be controlled (via a return channel to the corresponding transponder) in such a way that successful pairing is indicated by the display (e.g., an LED lights up (e.g., in a specific color, red, green, etc.) and / or a predefined tone or tone sequence is emitted). It is understood that, alternatively or additionally, haptic feedback may also be possible and / or feedback to a mobile device of a user who initiated the pairing.

[0063] According to a further preferred embodiment of the coupling method according to the invention, the coupling method may further comprise: - Providing the generated coupling data set, - receiving a second transponder data record of a second transponder received by the at least one receiving device, - wherein the second transponder comprises an event sensor configured to detect a second event history of the second transponder, - wherein the second transponder data set contains at least a second transponder identifier of the second transponder and the recorded second event history, - determining whether the second event history contained in the received second transponder data set meets a predefined event criterion, and - Pairing the digital object with the second transponder by adding the second transponder identifier to the provided pairing data set only if it is determined at least that the second event sequence meets the predefined event criterion.

[0064] In particular, it has been recognized that it may be necessary to link a digital object to two transponders or two physical objects. In other words, it may be necessary to link an object identifier of a digital object to a first transponder identifier of a first transponder and a second transponder identifier of a second transponder. For example, if a virtual or digital (ERP) object comprises multiple physical objects (e.g., transport devices and / or crates and / or products) that are to be tracked individually, it may be necessary to link two or more transponders to the single digital object.

[0065] In particular, in a manner analogous to the above-described determination of whether the first event history contained in the obtained first transponder data set satisfies a predefined event criterion, it can be determined whether the second event history contained in the obtained second transponder data set satisfies the predefined event criterion. The event criterion can comprise a first reference event history range and a second reference event history range, which can differ from one another, for the determination. Also, only a single reference event history range can be provided for both determination steps.

[0066] In addition, in a manner similar to the above-described coupling of the digital object to the first transponder, the second transponder can be coupled to the digital object, in particular by adding the second transponder identifier to the provided coupling data set only if it is at least determined that the second event sequence fulfills the predefined event criterion.

[0067] In an automated embodiment (with the event generation device), similar to that described above, the first transponder with the already existing coupling can be positioned in a reading range with the receiving device. The event generation device (which can, for example, comprise a singling module for singling a plurality of available transponders) can then be caused to move a second transponder, for example, along a drop path formed by a guide, the movement pattern of which is recorded as described above. The second transponder identifier of the second transponder to be coupled is thus known. In addition, the object identifier of the digital object is known from the already existing coupling of the first transponder in the reading range. A further coupling with its own coupling data set and, if applicable, object data set identifier can be carried out.

[0068] Optionally, the number of transponders to be paired can be entered via an interface to automatically pair multiple transponders. Also optionally, additional parameters (e.g., subsets) can be added to the pairing data sets via the interface.

[0069] In a corresponding manner, additional transponders (e.g. a third transponder or a third transponder identifier) ​​can be linked to a single digital object or the corresponding object identifier.

[0070] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the coupling method according to the invention, the coupling method may further comprise: - receiving a second transponder data record of a second transponder received by the at least one receiving device, - wherein the second transponder comprises an event sensor configured to detect a second event history of the second transponder, - wherein the second transponder data set contains at least a second transponder identifier of the second transponder and the recorded second event history, - Determining whether the second event history contained in the received second transponder data set meets a predefined event criterion, - Determine whether the second event history and the first event history meet a (predefined) synchronicity criterion, and - coupling the digital object to the first transponder and the second transponder by generating the coupling data set containing the object identifier of the digital object, the first transponder identifier of the first transponder and the second transponder identifier of the second transponder, only if it is determined at least that the first event sequence fulfills the predefined event criterion, the second event sequence fulfills the predefined event criterion and the first event sequence and the second event sequence fulfill the synchronicity criterion.

[0071] To enable the particularly reliable coupling of at least two transponders with a digital object, a synchronicity criterion can additionally be predefined. In particular, the transponder identifiers are only coupled with the object identifier if the first event sequence and the second event sequence meet the synchronicity criterion.

[0072] The synchronicity criterion is preferably a temporal synchronicity criterion. The synchronicity criterion can, in particular, define a time specification, for example in the form of a time window, in which both the first and the second event sequence must occur in order for the synchronicity criterion to be met. For example, the synchronicity criterion can specify that the first event sequence and the second event sequence must occur essentially simultaneously. In other words, the first transponder and the second transponder must experience the event, such as a movement (for example, simultaneous shaking of the two transponders), a temperature change, a touch pattern (for example, simultaneous pressing of the respective button), a brightness change, and / or the like, simultaneously.For example, during the determination, it can be checked whether the first event sequence and the second event sequence occurred within a time window defined by the synchronicity criterion. Only if it is determined that both the first event sequence and the second event sequence lie within the predefined time window can the digital object be coupled to the first transponder and the second transponder by generating the coupling data set containing the object identifier of the digital object, the first transponder identifier of the first transponder, and the second transponder identifier of the second transponder.

[0073] In an embodiment in which manual coupling occurs, the first transponder can be identified with the existing coupling by manually generating a first defined signal pattern. This can occur, in particular, simultaneously with or before the generation of a second defined signal pattern of the second (newly) coupled transponder, in accordance with the synchronicity criterion. The first and second signal patterns can be identical. For example, both transponders can be shaken, tapped, rotated, pressed, etc., together, i.e., in particular, essentially simultaneously.

[0074] In a further embodiment of the coupling method according to the invention, the coupling method may further comprise - using a first (previously described) event generation device to generate a first event history of the first transponder, wherein the generated first event history meets the predefined event criterion, and - using a second (previously described) event generation device to generate a second event history of the second transponder, wherein the generated second event history satisfies the predefined event criterion.

[0075] In particular, to fulfill the synchronicity criterion, the first event generating device and the second event generating device can be activated (almost) simultaneously (for example, by a common trigger (e.g., a button, a switch, a lever, etc.). In a particularly reliable manner, at least two transponder identifiers of two transponders can be coupled to a digital object.

[0076] The described principle can also be applied if one or more already paired transponders are to be uncoupled from the object identifier. For this purpose, a (predefined) uncoupling event criterion can be used to define a different reference event sequence than the event criterion, e.g., a longer button press, a different movement sequence, a different temperature sequence, a different brightness sequence (each compared to the event criterion).

[0077] According to a further embodiment, the coupling method may preferably comprise: - Providing a coupling data set, - receiving a further first transponder data record of the first transponder received by at least one receiving device of a positioning system, - wherein the first transponder data record contains at least the first transponder identification of the first transponder and a further recorded first event history, - determining whether the further first event history contained in the received transponder data set meets a predefined decoupling event criterion, and - Decoupling the first transponder from the digital object by deleting the first transponder identifier from the coupling data record, only if it is determined at least that the further first event sequence fulfills the predefined decoupling event criterion.

[0078] Deleting can also involve marking the pairing data record accordingly. If only the first transponder identifier is linked to the object identifier, unlinking can also lead to deleting or marking the pairing data record accordingly. Unlinking can be performed in a simple and reliable manner.

[0079] Optionally, feedback of successful uncoupling can then be provided by an optional display of the transponder, in particular in an analogous manner to the display of successful coupling.

[0080] According to a further preferred embodiment of the coupling method according to the invention, providing an object identifier of a digital object can comprise providing a further object identifier of a further digital object. In other words, two or more object identifiers of a corresponding number of digital objects can be provided. Furthermore, coupling the digital object and the further digital object to the first transponder can be performed by generating a coupling data record containing the object identifier of the digital object, the further object identifier of the further digital object, and the first transponder identifier of the first transponder, only if it is determined at least that the first event sequence fulfills the predefined event criterion.

[0081] To generate a high information density when using tracking systems, particularly RTLS systems, it can be useful to link a transponder identifier with additional characteristics in addition to a digital object identifier. For this purpose, the additional characteristic can also be recorded at the time of coupling. In a (simple) case, this can be done by manually entering the characteristic identifier via an interface. Alternatively, the characteristic identifier can be recorded on a reader by reading or scanning an electronically readable medium. For example, a user can identify themselves before removing a transponder, e.g., with a respective personnel number, so that the next digital object from this user's personal worklist can be assigned. This allows another characteristic to be added to the coupling data record.

[0082] For example, if the digital object is paired with the first transponder that specifically triggered the creation of the digital object, the pairing process can be simplified. The pairing procedure can include: - Generation, by a generation module, of at least one digital object with an object identifier, automatically triggered by an RTLS trigger of a transponder with a transponder identifier (e.g. leaving an area) - Coupling, by the coupling module, of the transponder identification of the transponder that triggered the RTLS trigger and the object identification (as described above, a direct or indirect link is possible using a common coupling data set identification).

[0083] Furthermore, in one embodiment, a real object, for example a Kanban box, can already be linked to a transponder. If the empty real Kanban box is brought into the area of ​​a Kanban shelf illuminated by the at least one receiving device, an (RTLS) trigger can be generated. This trigger can, for example, initiate the creation of a digital object, for example in the form of a production order. If the Kanban box is removed from the Kanban shelf area and brought to the pre-assembly area, an (RTLS) trigger can be generated again. One of the triggers can be defined as a trigger to link the created digital object with the transponder of the Kanban box. If the filled Kanban box is placed back on the Kanban shelf and the corresponding trigger is generated, the completion of the production order can be reported back to the tracking system. The digital object and transponder can be decoupled.

[0084] A further aspect of the invention is a computer program comprising instructions that cause a processor of a data processing device to execute or at least control the previously described method steps of the coupling method.

[0085] The computer program, in particular the instructions or program instructions, can be stored in a computer program product, in particular in a program memory. For example, a program memory is a non-volatile memory such as a flash memory, a magnetic memory, an EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), and / or an optical memory.

[0086] Additionally, a data processing device may include a main memory, for example, a volatile or non-volatile memory, in particular a random access memory (RAM), such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM), and / or magnetic random access memory (MRAM). The processor of the data processing device may, for example, store intermediate results or the like in the main memory.

[0087] Another aspect of the invention is a data processing device for a location system, comprising: - at least one provision module configured to provide an object identifier of a digital object, - at least one maintenance module, configured to maintain a first transponder data record of a first transponder received by at least one receiving device of a positioning system, - wherein the first transponder comprises an event sensor configured to detect a first event history of the first transponder, - wherein the first transponder data record contains at least a first transponder identifier of the first transponder and the recorded first event history, - at least one evaluation module configured to determine whether the first event sequence contained in the received transponder data record meets a predefined event criterion, and - at least one coupling module configured to couple the digital object to the first transponder by generating a coupling data record containing the object identifier of the digital object and the first transponder identifier of the first transponder, only if it is at least determined that the first event sequence satisfies the predefined event criterion.

[0088] The aforementioned modules of the data processing device can comprise hardware and / or software components. The data processing device can, for example, comprise at least one memory with program instructions of a computer program (e.g., the computer program according to the invention) and at least one processor configured to execute program instructions from the at least one memory. Accordingly, according to the invention, at least one data processing device is also to be understood as disclosed, which comprises at least one processor and at least one memory with program instructions, wherein the at least one memory and the program instructions are configured, together with the at least one processor, to cause the data processing device to execute and / or control the method according to the invention.

[0089] The data processing device can in particular execute or control the coupling method described above.

[0090] Another aspect of the invention is a positioning system. The positioning system comprises a previously described data processing device. The positioning system comprises at least one (previously described) receiving device configured to receive transponder signals. The (previously described) positioning system can comprise the at least one transponder.

[0091] According to a preferred embodiment of the positioning system according to the invention, the positioning system can further comprise at least one (previously described) event generation device. The at least one event generation device can be configured to generate a first event history of the first transponder, wherein the generated first event history meets the predefined event criterion.

[0092] Yet another aspect of the invention is a use of an event generation device in a previously described coupling method for generating the first event history of the first transponder, wherein the generated first event history fulfills the predefined event criterion.

[0093] It should be noted that, according to the application, the terms “first”, “second”, etc. do not specify any order, but rather serve merely to designate different elements and / or steps.

[0094] As already described, a previously described module, device, etc. may comprise at least partially hardware elements (e.g. processor, memory means, etc.) and / or at least partially software elements (e.g. executable code).

[0095] The features of the methods, computer programs, data processing devices, positioning systems, and uses can be freely combined with one another. In particular, features of the description and / or the dependent claims may be independently inventive, even if they completely or partially circumvent features of the independent claims, either alone or freely combined with one another.

[0096] There are now numerous possibilities for designing and further developing the method according to the invention, the computer program according to the invention, the data processing device according to the invention, the positioning system according to the invention, and the use according to the invention. Reference is made, on the one hand, to the claims subordinate to the independent claims and, on the other hand, to the description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawing. The drawing shows: Fig. 1a a schematic view of an example of a positioning system for self-location, Fig. 1b a schematic view of an example of a positioning system for third-party location, Fig. 2 a schematic view of an embodiment of a location system according to the present invention with an embodiment of a data processing device according to the present invention, Fig. 3 is a diagram of an embodiment of a coupling method according to the present invention, Fig. 4a-d are schematic views of embodiments of event generation devices which can be used in particular in an embodiment of a coupling method according to the present invention, Fig. 5 is a diagram of another embodiment of a coupling method according to the present invention, Fig. 6 is a diagram of another embodiment of a coupling method according to the present invention, and Fig. 7 is a diagram of another embodiment of a coupling method according to the present invention.

[0097] Similar reference numerals denote similar elements below.

[0098] The Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a location system 200 according to the present invention with an embodiment of a data processing device 202 according to the present invention.

[0099] The positioning system 200 is, in particular, an RTLS positioning system. The data processing device 202 comprises a processor (not shown) and at least one memory (not shown) with program instructions or executable (software) modules 220, 224, and 226. The at least one memory and the program instructions are, in particular, configured, together with the at least one processor, to cause the data processing device 202 to execute and / or control the (computer-implemented) method according to the invention.

[0100] For example, the data processing device 202 may form a background system or be formed by a server or by several (distributed) servers and / or a cloud system.

[0101] Furthermore, the positioning system 200 comprises at least one receiving device 204. A positioning system 200 can preferably comprise a plurality of geographically distributed receiving devices 204, in particular to monitor a predefined or enclosed area, such as a building or a building arrangement with, for example, a plurality of distributed and interconnected building sections. However, the positioning system can also expressly comprise an exterior surface or multiple exterior surfaces of a building or a plurality of buildings; just as a positioning system can comprise multiple geographically separate locations whose connections (traffic routes, roads, railways, waterways, flight routes, etc.) are not covered by the positioning system.

[0102] A receiving device 204 is, in particular, a near-field receiving device. Preferably, the receiving device 204 is a BLE-based receiving device. In variants of the application, the receiving device 204 can also be a UWB-based receiving device, RFID-based receiving device, Wi-Fi-based receiving device, or the like.

[0103] The receiving device 204 comprises, in particular, an antenna 214, an antenna signal evaluation module 216, and a communication module 218. The antenna 214 has, in particular, a specific reception range, which may depend on the technology used and, in particular, on the transponders 206 used in the positioning system 200. In particular, the receiving device 204 or the antenna 214 is arranged such that a predefined, delimited coupling area 236 is covered, such as a specific room, sub-room, etc. In other words, the reception range of the receiving device 204 can essentially cover the coupling area 236 or form it.

[0104] As can be seen, a (first) transponder 206 is in the Fig. 2. The positioning system 200 can preferably comprise the at least one transponder 206, in particular a plurality of transponders 206. It is understood that, with regard to the technology used, the at least one transponder 206 and the at least one receiving device 204 are coordinated with one another, i.e., preferably both operate on a BLE basis.

[0105] The at least one transponder 206 is, in particular, a beacon, preferably a BLE beacon. The transponder 206 comprises, in particular, at least one event sensor 208, a processing module 210, and a transmission module 212. Preferably, the transponder 206 can be an active transponder 206 and, in particular, comprise a battery (or the like) (not shown) configured to supply said transponder elements 208, 210, and 212 with electrical energy.

[0106] The at least one event sensor 208 can be an acceleration sensor, temperature sensor, brightness sensor, button, and / or the like. In variants of the invention, two or more event sensors can be provided. An event sensor 208 is configured to (continuously) measure an event parameter. In particular, an event sensor 208 can detect an event progression experienced by the transponder 206. For example, an acceleration sensor can measure a movement progression and / or acceleration progression experienced by the transponder 206. A temperature sensor can measure a temperature progression experienced by the transponder 206. A button can measure a touch pattern experienced by the transponder 206. Alternatively or additionally, a brightness sensor can measure a brightness progression experienced by the transponder 206.

[0107] The measured (time-dependent) event parameter values ​​can be provided by the event sensor 208 to the processing module 210. The processing module 210 is particularly configured to generate transponder signals. A transponder signal transmitted by the transmitting module 212 (at least comprising an antenna) via a wireless network 240 can contain at least the transponder identifier of the transponder 206 and at least one measured event parameter value. For example, the processing module 210 can periodically generate transponder signals, wherein each transponder signal can contain the transponder identifier of the transponder 206 and the at least one (instantaneously) measured event parameter value. It is understood that a transponder signal can contain at least one further datum, such as a timestamp. The periodically generated transponder signals can be sent periodically by the transmitting module 212.

[0108] The at least one receiving device 204 receives the transmitted transponder signals via the at least one antenna 214. As already described, the antenna signal evaluation module 216 can process and, in particular, evaluate the at least one transponder signal. Preferably, the antenna signal evaluation module 216 can form the transponder data set based on the at least one received transponder signal, preferably on a plurality of periodically (and consecutively) received transponder signals from the same transponder 206.

[0109] In particular, an event history of the transponder 206 can be generated from the individual temporally successive event parameter values ​​of the periodically received transponder signals. In other words, the antenna signal evaluation module 216 can be configured to generate a transponder data set containing at least one transponder identifier of the first transponder 206 and the detected first event history of the first transponder 206.

[0110] The communication module 218 of the receiving device 204 can be configured to transmit the transponder data set via a (wireless and / or wired) communication connection 238 to a communication module 242 of the data processing device 202.

[0111] In variants of the application, the received transponder signals or the respective data content can be forwarded by the communication module 218 of the receiving device 204 to the communication module 242 of the data processing device 202. Then, for example, the communication module 242 of the data processing device 202 can be configured to generate a transponder data set, as described.

[0112] Preferably, the antenna signal evaluation module 216 can additionally be configured to determine a signal strength datum (e.g., RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator)) and / or an orientation datum (e.g., direction of the transmitting transponder, e.g., determined by evaluating the Angle of Arrival (AoA) of the at least one transponder signal received by the antenna 214 of the receiving device 204). The at least one signal strength datum and / or the at least one orientation datum can be added to the at least one transponder data set by the antenna signal evaluation module 216. Then, for example, an evaluation module 224 of the data processing device 202 can determine whether the at least one signal strength datum satisfies a signal strength criterion (preferably a minimum signal strength) and / or whether the at least one orientation datum satisfies an orientation criterion (e.g., a predefined directional range).If a corresponding criterion is not met, it can be assumed, for example, that the corresponding transponder 206 is not located in the coupling area 236. Coupling can therefore be omitted.

[0113] In preferred variants of the invention, this pre-filtering can already be performed in the receiving device 204. For example, a transponder data set can only be generated and transmitted to the data processing device 202 if the antenna signal evaluation module 216 determines that the at least one signal strength datum meets the signal strength criterion (preferably a minimum signal strength) and / or the at least one orientation datum meets the orientation criterion (e.g., a predefined directional range). This can, in particular, reduce the amount of data to be transmitted. Furthermore, the evaluation processes to be performed in the data processing device can be reduced.

[0114] The illustrated data processing device 202 comprises at least one provision module 220, at least one maintenance module 222, at least one evaluation module 224 and at least one coupling module 226.

[0115] The provision module 220 is configured to provide an object identifier of a digital object. For example, a plurality of digital objects, each containing at least one object identifier (and possibly further data, as described), can be stored in an object memory 230. These objects are provided by the provision module 220, in particular upon request, i.e., in particular (only) when a link is to be established.

[0116] A digital object can be generated, in particular, by a generation module 232, for example, in advance or, in particular, upon request, i.e., in particular (only) when a coupling is to take place. The provision module 220 can then provide the generated object for coupling, in particular, to the coupling module 226, for example, via object memory 230, which can serve as a buffer. As already described, providing a digital object can comprise selecting a digital object from a plurality of available digital objects, for example, depending on a location (and / or other data), as described.

[0117] The at least one preservation module 222 is configured to receive a first (previously described) transponder data set of a first transponder 206 received by the at least one receiving device 204. The preservation module 222 can make the received transponder data set available to the at least one evaluation module 224 for further evaluation.

[0118] The evaluation module 224 is configured at least to determine whether the first event history contained in the received transponder data set satisfies (or not) a predefined event criterion. For example, the event criterion can be stored in a data memory 228 of the data processing device 202, which the evaluation module 224 can access. Preferably, the event criterion can comprise one or more reference event history ranges.

[0119] The evaluation module 224 can, in particular, be configured to compare the received event history (or the corresponding temporally successive event parameter values) with the at least one reference event history range (e.g., defined by boundary curves, reference event parameter values, etc.). If the evaluation module 224 determines, for example, that the received event history lies within the reference event history range, it can be determined that the received event history meets the event criterion. If the evaluation module 224 determines, for example, that the received event history does not lie within the reference event history range, it can be determined that the received event history does not meet the event criterion.

[0120] As already described, the at least one event profile can be a movement profile, a temperature profile, a touch pattern, and / or a brightness profile. The at least one reference event profile range can correspondingly be at least one reference movement profile range, a reference temperature profile range, a reference touch profile range, and / or a reference brightness profile range.

[0121] The at least one coupling module 226 is configured to couple the digital object to the first transponder 206 by generating a coupling data set containing the object identifier of the digital object and the first transponder identifier of the first transponder 206, only if it is determined that the first event sequence meets the predefined event criterion. As already explained, this means in particular that in further embodiments, at least one further condition or criterion must be met, but coupling only occurs if at least the event criterion is met.

[0122] The generated coupling data set can be stored, in particular, in another data memory 234 of the data processing device 202 (or the data memory 228). The tracking system 200, to which the transponder 206 has been attached, can then be used in a known manner to track objects and / or persons.

[0123] After completion of a production order and / or the like, a previously described decoupling can occur. A decoupling event criterion can be stored, in particular, in data memory 228.

[0124] In variants of the invention, a transponder 206 can also have a display (not shown). For example, the communication module 242 can control the transponder 206 via a return channel (not shown) in such a way that successful coupling of the transponder 206 is indicated by the display of the transponder 206.

[0125] The functioning of the locating system 200 or the data processing device 202 is explained in more detail below with the aid of the Fig. 3. The Fig. 3 shows a diagram of an embodiment of a coupling method according to the present invention.

[0126] In step 301, an object identifier of a digital object is provided, as previously described. In step 303, a first transponder data set of a first transponder, received by at least one receiving device of a positioning system, is obtained, as previously described. For example, receiving the transponder data set can trigger the provision of the object identifier.

[0127] In step 305, a determination is made as to whether the first event sequence contained in the received first transponder data set meets a predefined event criterion, as previously described. In variants of the invention, step 301 can only be triggered when the event criterion is met.

[0128] In step 307, the digital object is coupled to the first transponder by generating a coupling data record containing the object identifier of the digital object and the first transponder identifier of the first transponder, only if it is determined at least that the first event sequence fulfills the predefined event criterion, as previously described.

[0129] As already described, an event history of a transponder can be generated manually, for example, by a user moving the transponder in a defined manner, pressing a button in a defined manner, or influencing a brightness sensor and / or a temperature sensor in a defined manner. Alternatively, a defined event history experienced by a transponder can be generated automatically by using an event generation device to generate an event history of the first transponder.

[0130] The Fig. 4a-d show schematic views of embodiments of event generation devices which are particularly usable in an embodiment of a coupling method according to the present invention, such as in the Fig. 3. In particular, a positioning system such as that described in Fig. 2, additionally comprise at least one event generating device.

[0131] In the Fig. 4a shows an event generation device 444 which is configured to generate a defined movement pattern of a transponder 406. For example, the event generation device 444 may comprise a transponder memory 446 containing a plurality of available transponders 406 and a singulation module 448 which may be actuated or triggered, for example, via a user interface (not shown), so that in particular a transponder experiences a defined event pattern.

[0132] Furthermore, the event generation device 444 comprises a guide 450 with optional guide elements 452, for example in the form of a downpipe. Upon actuation or activation of the event generation device 444, exactly one transponder 406 falls down the guide 450 due to gravity and experiences a defined movement and, in particular, acceleration depending on the design of the guide 450 and, if applicable, the guide elements 452. It is understood that the design of the guide 450 and, if applicable, the guide elements 452 can be arbitrary, as long as a defined and always essentially constant movement and, in particular, acceleration is generated. Furthermore, a receptacle 454 is arranged beneath the guide 450 for receiving the transponder 406.

[0133] A reference movement range can be determined by a calibration run in which a large number of transponders pass through the guide 450 and the recorded movement patterns or patterns are evaluated.

[0134] In contrast to the event generating device 444 according to Fig. 4a is in the Fig. 4b shows an event generation device 444 configured to generate a defined temperature profile of a transponder 406. For this purpose, a temperature control device 458 (e.g., heating and / or cooling) can be arranged in the event generation device 444 to control the temperature of a transponder 406 (temporarily) lying on the flap 460 for a predefined period of time. After the predefined period of time has elapsed, the flap 460 can be opened automatically, so that the transponder 406 enters the receptacle 454. Here, too, it is understood that other embodiments are possible, as long as a defined and always essentially the same temperature profile is generated. In variants of the invention, the ambient temperature can also be included in the evaluation.

[0135] Furthermore, a reference temperature range can be determined by a calibration run in which a large number of transponders are tempered and the recorded temperature profiles or patterns are evaluated.

[0136] In contrast to the event generating device 444 according to Fig. 4a or Fig. 4b is in the Fig. 4c shows an event generation device 444 configured to generate a defined brightness profile of a transponder 406. For this purpose, a lighting device 462 (e.g., a lamp and / or shading system) can be arranged in the event generation device 444 to illuminate or shade a transponder lying on the flap 460 for a predefined period of time. After the predefined period of time has elapsed, the flap 460 can be opened automatically, so that the transponder 406 enters the receptacle 454. Here, too, it is understood that other embodiments are possible, as long as a brightness profile can be generated in a defined and always essentially the same manner. In variants of the invention, the ambient brightness can also be included in the evaluation.

[0137] Furthermore, a reference brightness range can be determined by a calibration run in which a large number of transponders are illuminated or shaded and the recorded brightness curves or patterns are evaluated.

[0138] In contrast to the event generating device 444 according to Fig. 4a, Fig. 4b or Fig. 4c is in the Fig. 4d shows an event generation device 444 configured to generate a defined tactile pattern of a transponder 406. For this purpose, a button device 464 (e.g., a hydraulic or electrical button pulse generator) can be arranged in the event generation device 444 to exert a specific button pressure on a transponder 406 lying on the flap 460 for a defined period of time. After the defined period of time has elapsed, the flap 460 can be automatically opened, allowing the transponder 406 to enter the receptacle 454. Here, too, it is understood that other configurations are possible, as long as a defined and always essentially tactile pattern can be generated.

[0139] Furthermore, a reference scanning range can be determined by a calibration run in which a large number of transponders are exposed to a specific scanning pattern and the recorded scanning patterns are evaluated.

[0140] It is understood that the event generating devices 444 of the Fig. 4a to d can be combined with each other and / or a location system can comprise two or more event generating devices 444.

[0141] The Fig. Figure 5 shows a diagram of another embodiment of a coupling method according to the present invention, which can be used, for example, in the positioning system according to Fig. 2 can be used.

[0142] In step 501, a provision of a (for example, according to the method according to Fig. 3) generated coupling data set. In step 503 (particularly analogous to step 303), a second transponder data set of a second transponder received by the at least one receiving device can be obtained.

[0143] In step 505 (particularly analogous to step 305), a determination can be made as to whether the second event sequence contained in the received second transponder data set satisfies a predefined event criterion. And in step 507 (particularly analogous to step 307), the digital object can be coupled to the second transponder by adding the second transponder identifier to the provided coupling data set, only if it is determined at least that the second event sequence satisfies the predefined event criterion.

[0144] The Fig. Figure 6 shows a diagram of another embodiment of a coupling method according to the present invention, which can be used, for example, in the positioning system according to Fig. 2 can be used.

[0145] In step 601, an object identifier of a digital object is provided, as previously described. In step 603, a first transponder data set of a first transponder, received by at least one receiving device of a positioning system, is obtained, as previously described.

[0146] In step 605, a second transponder data record of a second transponder received by the at least one receiving device can be obtained, as already described.

[0147] In step 607, a determination is made as to whether the first event history contained in the received transponder data set satisfies a predefined event criterion, as previously described.

[0148] In step 609, a determination may be made as to whether the second event history contained in the received transponder data set satisfies a predefined event criterion, as previously described.

[0149] In step 611, it may be determined whether the second event sequence and the first event sequence satisfy a synchronicity criterion. The synchronicity criterion may define a time constraint. For example, the synchronicity criterion may specify that the first event sequence and the second event sequence must occur substantially simultaneously.

[0150] In other words, the first transponder and the second transponder must experience the event simultaneously, such as a movement (e.g., simultaneous shaking of both transponders), a temperature change, a touch pattern (e.g., simultaneous pressing of the respective button), a brightness change, and / or the like. For example, during the determination, it can be checked whether the first event sequence and the second event sequence occurred within a time window defined by the synchronicity criterion.

[0151] It is understood that step 611 can also be performed first and then steps 607 and 609.

[0152] In step 613, coupling of the digital object to the first transponder and the second transponder can be performed by generating the coupling data set containing the object identifier of the digital object, the first transponder identifier of the first transponder, and the second transponder identifier of the second transponder, only if it is determined at least that the first event sequence fulfills the predefined event criterion, the second event sequence fulfills the predefined event criterion, and the first event sequence and the second event sequence fulfill the synchronicity criterion.

[0153] The Fig. Figure 7 shows a diagram of another embodiment of a coupling method according to the present invention, which can be used, for example, in the positioning system according to Fig. 2 can be used.

[0154] In step 701, an object identifier of a first digital object is provided and in step 703, a further object identifier of a further digital object is provided.

[0155] In step 705 (in particular analogous to step 303) a first transponder data record of a first transponder received by the at least one receiving device can be obtained.

[0156] In step 707 (in particular analogous to step 705) a determination can be made as to whether the first event history contained in the received first transponder data set satisfies a predefined event criterion.

[0157] In step 709, coupling of the digital object and the further digital object to the first transponder can be performed by generating a coupling data record containing the object identifier of the digital object, the further object identifier of the further object and the first transponder identifier of the first transponder, only if it is determined at least that the first event sequence fulfills the predefined event criterion.

[0158] The described procedures can be used according to the Fig. 3 and 5 to 7 can be combined with each other. For example, a plurality of transponders can be linked to a plurality of digital objects by a combination of methods 5 and / or 6 and 7. Example: Production orders

[0159] In the current state of the art, when creating production orders (FAUF), order documents are printed and prioritized in a work queue by production area. To start an order from the work queue, the printed order documents are removed from the sorted stack and moved through production with the source materials. By reordering the documents, the prioritization can be changed in the current state of the art. It is also possible to remove the order from the topmost position.

[0160] When using an RTLS according to the described invention, the production orders (digital objects) can be written to a memory (“e-printing”) instead of (or in addition to) physical paper printing. This can be done centrally for all production areas, but also decentrally for each area individually. In addition to the object identifiers, further parameters can be stored (e.g., subdivision of production areas, prioritization, assignment to users or machines). The object identifiers in the memory form, in particular, the worklist.

[0161] The linking of the production order or digital object with the transponder occurs, for example, by removing a transponder from a transponder storage in the form of a container in an area illuminated by at least one receiving device of the tracking system. The removal can be detected by the at least one receiving device and generate an RTLS trigger linked to the transponder identification. This can be, for example, a specific movement profile and / or a defined change of location and / or other sensor signals from the transponder, as described.

[0162] For example, a production order with the associated object identifier is selected from the order memory either randomly or based on defined criteria and linked to the transponder identifier, as described.

[0163] Instead of order documents (or in addition to them), the transponders with the products to be processed can now physically move through production. These changes of location can then be evaluated within the RTLS system and used, for example, for automating production control.

[0164] In one embodiment, the production orders in the memory can be assigned parameters (e.g., subdivision into production areas, prioritization, assignment to employees or machines). These can either originate from the tracking system, in particular an ERP system of the tracking system, and / or be added manually via an interface. Thus, for example, depending on the location of the event that triggers the link, an order can be selected for the assigned production area, as described. The order sequence in the memory can be changed up until the point of linking (manually and / or by changing parameters or by changing the sequencing rules). List of reference symbols: 100 tracking system 102 Data processing device 104 Reception device 106 transponders 188 objects 190 Data processing device 196 channels 198 tracking system 200 tracking system 202 Data processing device 204 Reception facility 206 transponders 208 Event Sensor 210 Processing module 212 transmitter module 214 Antenna 216 Antenna signal evaluation module 218 Communication module 220 Deployment Module 222 Maintenance module 224 Evaluation module 226 coupling module 228 data storage 230 object storage 232 Generation module 234 data storage 236 coupling area 238 Communication connection 240 network 242 Communication module 406 transponders 444 Event generating device 446 transponder memory 448 Separation module 450 guided tour 452 guide elements 454 recording 458 Temperature control device 460 flap 462 Lighting device 464 button device

Claims

[1] Coupling method, in particular computer-implemented coupling method, comprising: - Providing an object identifier of a digital object, - Obtaining a first transponder data record of a first transponder (206, 406) received by at least one receiving device (204) of a positioning system (200), - wherein the first transponder (206, 406) comprises an event sensor (208) configured to detect a first event history of the first transponder (206, 406), - wherein the first transponder data set contains at least a first transponder identifier of the first transponder (206, 406) and the recorded first event history, - determining whether the first event history contained in the received first transponder data set meets a predefined event criterion, and - coupling the digital object to the first transponder (206, 406) by generating a coupling data record containing the object identifier of the digital object and the first transponder identifier of the first transponder (206, 406) only if it is at least determined that the first event sequence fulfills the predefined event criterion. [2] Coupling method according to claim 1, characterized by , that - the predefined event criterion includes at least one reference event history range, - determining whether the first event history meets the predefined event criterion comprises comparing the first event history with the reference event history range, and - the first event history meets the predefined event criterion at least if the first event history lies in the reference event history range. [3] Coupling method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by , that - the at least one event sensor (208) is a motion sensor, configured to detect a movement profile of the first transponder (206, 406), in particular an acceleration profile of the first transponder (206, 406), and - the predefined event criterion comprises at least one reference movement profile range, in particular a reference acceleration profile range, and / or - the at least one event sensor (208) is a button configured to detect a touch pattern of the first transponder (206, 406), and - the predefined event criterion includes at least one reference scanning range, and / or - the at least one event sensor (208) is a temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature profile of the first transponder (206, 406), and - the predefined event criterion includes at least one reference temperature range, and / or - the at least one event sensor (208) is a brightness sensor, configured to detect a brightness profile of the first transponder (206, 406), and - the predefined event criterion includes at least one reference brightness range. [4] Coupling method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that - providing the object identifier of the digital object comprises selecting a digital object from a plurality of digital objects stored in an object memory (230) of the location system (200) based on at least one predefined selection criterion, - wherein the at least one selection criterion is a location event criterion or an order criterion. [5] Coupling method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the coupling process further comprises: - Using an event generation device (444) to generate a first event history of the first transponder (206, 406), wherein the generated first event history satisfies the predefined event criterion. [6] Coupling method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the coupling process further comprises: - Obtaining, together with the transponder data record of the first transponder (206, 406), a signal strength data record containing at least one signal strength data item of at least one transponder signal received by the at least one receiving device (204) and / or an orientation data item of the first transponder (206, 406) transmitting the transponder signal, wherein the transponder signal contains at least the first transponder identifier and at least one event parameter value detected by the event sensor (208), - Determining whether the at least one signal strength datum meets a signal strength criterion and / or whether the at least one orientation datum meets an orientation criterion, - wherein the coupling of the digital object to the first transponder (206, 406) only occurs if it is at least determined that the at least one signal strength datum satisfies the signal strength criterion and / or the at least one orientation datum satisfies the orientation criterion. [7] Coupling method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that - generating the coupling data record further comprises generating a coupling data record identifier. [8] Coupling method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the coupling process further comprises: - Causing a pairing confirmation to be issued when the pairing data record is generated. [9] Coupling method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the coupling process further comprises: - Providing the generated coupling data set, - Obtaining a second transponder data record of a second transponder (206, 406) received by the at least one receiving device (204), - wherein the second transponder (206, 406) comprises an event sensor (208) configured to detect a second event history of the second transponder (206, 406), - wherein the second transponder data set contains at least a second transponder identifier of the second transponder (206, 406) and the recorded second event history, - determining whether the second event history contained in the received second transponder data set meets a predefined event criterion, and - coupling the digital object to the second transponder (206, 406) by adding the second transponder identifier to the provided coupling data set, only if it is at least determined that the second event history meets the predefined event criterion. [10] Coupling method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized by that coupling methods further include: - Obtaining a second transponder data record of a second transponder (206, 406) received by the at least one receiving device (204), - wherein the second transponder (206, 406) comprises an event sensor (208) configured to detect a second event history of the second transponder (206, 406), - wherein the second transponder data set contains at least a second transponder identifier of the second transponder (206, 406) and the recorded second event history, - Determining whether the second event history contained in the received second transponder data set meets a predefined event criterion, - Determine whether the second event sequence and the first event sequence satisfy a synchronicity criterion, and - coupling the digital object to the first transponder (206, 406) and the second transponder (206, 406) by generating the coupling data record containing the object identifier of the digital object, the first transponder identifier of the first transponder (206, 406) and the second transponder identifier of the second transponder (206, 406), only if it is determined at least that the first event sequence fulfills the predefined event criterion, the second event sequence fulfills the predefined event criterion and the first event sequence and the second event sequence fulfill the synchronicity criterion. [11] Coupling method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that - providing an object identifier of a digital object comprises providing a further object identifier of a further digital object, and - coupling the digital object and the further digital object to the first transponder (206, 406) by generating a coupling data record containing the object identifier of the digital object, the further object identifier of the further object and the first transponder identifier of the first transponder (206, 406), only if it is at least determined that the first event sequence fulfills the predefined event criterion. [12] A computer program comprising instructions that cause a processor of a data processing device (202) to carry out the method steps according to claim 1. [13] Data processing device (202) for a location system (200), comprising: - at least one provision module (220) configured to provide an object identifier of a digital object, - at least one maintenance module (222) configured to maintain a first transponder data record of a first transponder (206, 406) received by at least one receiving device (204) of a positioning system (200), - wherein the first transponder (206, 406) comprises an event sensor (208) configured to detect a first event history of the first transponder (206, 406), - wherein the first transponder data set contains at least a first transponder identifier of the first transponder (206, 406) and the recorded first event history, - at least one evaluation module (224) configured to determine whether the first event sequence contained in the received transponder data record satisfies a predefined event criterion, and - at least one coupling module (226) configured to couple the digital object to the first transponder (206, 406) by generating a coupling data record containing the object identifier of the digital object and the first transponder identifier of the first transponder (206, 406) only if it is at least determined that the first event sequence satisfies the predefined event criterion. [14] Positioning system (200), comprising: - a data processing device (202) according to claim 13, and - at least one receiving device (204) arranged to receive transponder signals. [15] Location system (200) according to claim 14, characterized by , that - the location system (200) further comprises at least one event generation device (444) configured to generate a first event history of the first transponder (206, 406), wherein the generated first event history satisfies the predefined event criterion. [16] Use of an event generation device (444) in a coupling method according to claim 1 for generating the first event history of the first transponder (206, 406), wherein the generated first event history satisfies the predefined event criterion.

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