Auxiliary cable, flat cable and round cable

Abstract

The present invention discloses an auxiliary conductor, a flat cable, and a round cable. By sliding a loosely applied protective sheath layer onto the outside of an auxiliary conductor, the auxiliary conductor is protected and its durability is significantly improved, thereby substantially extending the service life of the cable and increasing its economic benefits for users. Due to the extended service life of the cable, the required cable quantity is reduced, thus lowering the consumption of electrolytic copper and high-molecular-weight materials. Copper is produced by electrolysis, which consumes a large amount of electricity, and high-molecular-weight materials are generally derived from petroleum, coal, natural gas, and other non-renewable fossil energy sources.Therefore, extending the cable's lifespan not only provides immediate benefits to users but also promotes energy conservation and environmental protection, contributing to a low-carbon and environmentally friendly economy. Both the flat and round cables feature the aforementioned auxiliary conductor with the loosely attached protective sheath, significantly extending the cable's lifespan and improving its economic benefits for users.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cables, in particular an auxiliary cable with a loosely pushed-on protective sheath structure, a flat cable and a round cable. STATE OF THE ART

[0002] Cables for electric excavators and electric drilling machines in open-pit coal mines, cables for coal cutters in underground mines, or cable reels and trailing cables for port cranes are not fixed in place during use and must instead be moved or shifted. During this movement, the cables are constantly subjected to tensile, torsional, bending, lateral compressive, or impact forces from external influences. This makes control lines, communication lines, optical fibers, and other auxiliary lines within cables susceptible to breakage or damage, rendering the entire cable unusable and requiring it to be scrapped. The reason for the vulnerability of control lines, communication lines, optical fibers, and other auxiliary lines to damage is that, compared to the power lines within cables, these auxiliary lines are typically very thin.For example, a power line has a cross-sectional area of ​​185 mm². 2 on, while a control line only has a cross-sectional area of ​​4 mm² 2 , a communication line only has a cross-sectional area of ​​0.5 mm² 2 And since an optical fiber naturally has a smaller diameter, such auxiliary cables have low tensile strength. Without special protective measures, these auxiliary cables are quickly damaged during cable use, significantly reducing the cable's lifespan. CONTENT OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

[0003] The present invention is based on the objective of providing an auxiliary cable with a loosely pushed-on protective sheath layer, a flat cable and a round cable.

[0004] The loosely applied protective sheath layer can effectively protect a control line, a communication line, an optical fiber and other auxiliary lines, thus extending the service life of an auxiliary line to solve the aforementioned problem that existing auxiliary lines are usually quickly damaged and thereby significantly impair the service life of the cables.

[0005] According to the invention, the problem is solved by the following embodiment: The present invention provides an auxiliary line comprising the following: an auxiliary vein formed by a single vein or by several twisted veins; a loosely applied protective sheath layer that is pushed onto the outside of the auxiliary conductor and is slidable relative to the auxiliary conductor along the longitudinal direction of the auxiliary conductor; wherein the loosely applied protective sheath layer is made of a high molecular weight material by tube extrusion or formed by wrapping a steel wire around the auxiliary conductor.

[0006] Optionally, the auxiliary line may also include an outer protective layer made of high molecular weight material, which is pushed onto the outside of the loosely attached outer protective layer.

[0007] Optionally, the auxiliary line may also include a shielding layer that is pushed onto the outermost layer of the loosely attached protective casing layer.

[0008] Optionally, the auxiliary line can be a control line, a communication line, or an optical fiber.

[0009] Optionally, if the auxiliary line is a control line or a communication line, each of the conductors comprises a conductor and an insulating layer that is pushed onto the outside of the conductor; wherein, if the auxiliary line is an optical fiber, each of the conductors comprises an optical fiber core and an optical fiber sleeve that is pushed onto the outside of the optical fiber core.

[0010] The present invention further proposes a flat cable comprising a flat cable sheath, a power conductor and the aforementioned auxiliary conductor, wherein both the power conductor and the auxiliary conductor are provided within the flat cable sheath and the power conductor and the auxiliary conductor are arranged parallel along the width direction of the flat cable sheath.

[0011] Optionally, three power conductors are provided, namely a first power conductor, a second power conductor, and a third power conductor, wherein the first power conductor, the second power conductor, and the third power conductor are arranged at equal intervals along the width direction of the flat cable sheath, wherein an auxiliary line is provided between the first power conductor and the second power conductor and between the second power conductor and the third power conductor, wherein the auxiliary line between the first power conductor and the second power conductor is a control line that touches the first power conductor from the outside and is arranged at a distance from the second power conductor; wherein the auxiliary line between the second power conductor and the third power conductor is an optical fiber that touches the third power conductor from the outside and is arranged at a distance from the second power conductor.

[0012] Optionally, the flat cable sheath can have a rectangular cross-sectional contour.

[0013] Optionally, the power conductor may include a power conductor, a power insulating layer and a metal shielding layer, arranged sequentially from the inside out.

[0014] The present invention further proposes a round cable comprising a cable core and a round cable sheath that encloses the cable core from the outside, wherein the cable core comprises the aforementioned auxiliary line.

[0015] Optionally, the cable core is formed by twisting together a power core, an earth core, an earth test core, and the aforementioned auxiliary core, wherein the power core is provided in a quantity of three, and the three power cores are twisted together in pairs, touching each other; wherein the earth core, the earth test core, and the auxiliary core are each provided in a quantity of one; wherein a space between each pair of adjacent power cores touches and accommodates the earth core, the earth test core, and the auxiliary core from the outside; and wherein the auxiliary core is a communication core.

[0016] Optionally, the cable core is formed by twisting together a power core, an earthing core and the aforementioned auxiliary conductor, wherein the power core is provided in a quantity of three and the earthing core and the auxiliary conductor are each provided in a quantity of one, wherein the auxiliary conductor is a control conductor or a communication conductor and the auxiliary conductor and the three power cores are each twisted together in pairs, touching each other, with the earthing conductor located in the middle of the auxiliary conductor and the three power cores.

[0017] Optionally, the round cable sheath can be designed as a single-layer sheath structure or a multi-layer sheath structure.

[0018] Optionally, the multi-layered jacket structure is designed as a two-layer structure and comprises an inner jacket layer and an outer jacket layer that is pushed onto the outside of the inner jacket layer; a reinforcing layer is provided between the inner jacket layer and the outer jacket layer.

[0019] The present invention is distinguished from the prior art by the following technical effects: In the auxiliary conductor according to the invention, the auxiliary conductor is protected by sliding a loosely applied protective sheath layer onto the outside of the auxiliary conductor, and the durability of the auxiliary conductor is significantly improved, thereby substantially extending the service life of the cable and improving the economic benefit for users; Due to the extended lifespan of the cable, the production volume is reduced, thereby lowering the consumption of electrolytic copper and high-molecular-weight material. Copper is extracted through electrolysis, which consumes a significant amount of electricity. High-molecular-weight materials are fundamentally derived from petroleum, coal, natural gas, and other non-renewable fossil energy sources. Therefore, extending the lifespan of cables not only provides immediate benefits to users but also promotes energy conservation and environmental protection, contributing to a low-carbon and environmentally friendly economy.

[0020] In the flat cable and the round cable according to the present invention, the above auxiliary line with the loosely pushed-on protective sheath layer is provided, which significantly extends the service life of the cable and improves the economic benefit for users. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] To better illustrate the embodiments in exemplary embodiments according to the present invention or in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the exemplary embodiments are briefly described below. It is understood that the following drawings only represent some exemplary embodiments of the invention and that it is possible for a person skilled in the art to derive further drawings from such drawings without inventive steps. These drawings show Fig. 1 a schematic structural external view of an auxiliary line according to a first embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 a schematic structural external view of another auxiliary line according to the first embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 3 a schematic structural sectional view of an auxiliary line according to the first embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 4 a schematic structural sectional view of a flat cable according to a second embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 5 a schematic structural sectional view of a round cable according to a third embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 6 a schematic structural sectional view of a round cable according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 7 a schematic structural sectional view of a round cable according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 8 a schematic structural sectional view of a round cable according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 9 a schematic structural sectional view of a round cable according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] The following reference symbols are used: 100 flat cables; 200 round cables; 1. Auxiliary conductor; 11. Auxiliary wire; 111. Conductor; 112. Conductor insulation layer; 12. Loosely fitted protective sheath layer; 13. Outer protective layer made of high-molecular-weight material; 14. Shielding layer; 15. Optical fiber sleeve; 2. Flat cable sheath; 3. Power conductor; 31. Power conductor; 32. Power insulating layer; 33. Metal shielding layer; 34. Power conductor shielding layer; 35. Insulating semiconducting shielding layer; 4. Round cable sheath; 5. Grounding wire; 6. Earth test lead conductor; 61. Earth test lead conductor; 62. Earth test lead insulation layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The embodiments of the invention are explained in full and clearly below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is understood that the described embodiments represent only a part of the embodiments and not all of them. All other embodiments that could be obtained by a person skilled in the art in this field from the embodiments of the invention without inventive steps are also within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0024] One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an auxiliary cable with a loosely applied protective sheath. With this loosely applied sheath, a control cable, a communication cable, an optical fiber, and other auxiliary cables can be effectively protected, thus extending the service life of the auxiliary cable and solving the problem that existing auxiliary cables are typically damaged quickly, thereby significantly reducing the service life of the cables.

[0025] Another object of the invention is to provide a flat cable with the aforementioned auxiliary line.

[0026] Another objective of the invention is to provide a round cable with the aforementioned auxiliary line.

[0027] To better understand the above problem, features and advantages of the present invention, the invention will be discussed in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. First embodiment

[0028] As in Fig. As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the present embodiment provides an auxiliary conductor 1. It comprises an auxiliary conductor 11 and a loosely attached protective sheath 12. The auxiliary conductor 11 is formed by a single conductor or by several twisted conductors. As can be seen from Fig. Since the result is 1, the auxiliary conductor 11 consists of one conductor. As in Fig. As shown in Figure 2, the auxiliary conductor 11 is formed by two twisted conductors. If the auxiliary conductor 11 comprises three or more conductors, the conductors are generally twisted in contact with each other. The manner in which the auxiliary conductor 11 is formed and twisted is prior art and is not described in detail here. The loosely fitted protective sheath 12 is slid onto the outside of the auxiliary conductor 11, and the inner diameter of the loosely fitted protective sheath 12 is slightly larger than the largest outer circumference of the auxiliary conductor 11 to ensure that a clearance remains between the loosely fitted protective sheath 12 and the auxiliary conductor 11 to allow for movement relative to each other. That is, in normal operating conditions, the auxiliary conductor 11 can slide freely relative to the loosely fitted protective sheath 12 along the length of the auxiliary conductor 11.The loosely applied protective sheath 12 can be manufactured from a high-molecular-weight material with a specific hardness by tube extrusion or formed by wrapping a steel wire around the auxiliary conductor 11. A round, flat, or other irregularly shaped steel wire can be used when manufacturing the loosely applied protective sheath 12. A gap K must remain between two adjacent circles onto which a steel wire is wound. The size of the gap K should meet the bending radius requirement of the auxiliary conductor or cable. The loosely applied protective sheath 12 manufactured from a high-molecular-weight material by tube extrusion is tubular in shape, and the aforementioned gap K need not be considered in this case.The high-molecular-weight material can be a thermoplastic material or a cross-linked elastomer. When the loosely fitted protective sheath layer 12 made of high-molecular-weight material is bent, even friction between its inner wall and the auxiliary vein 11 located within it does not damage the vein.

[0029] In the present embodiment, the auxiliary conductor 11 of the auxiliary line is protected within the specially manufactured, loosely fitted protective sheath 12. This protects the thin conductor of the auxiliary line within the cable, thus increasing its durability during flexible cable applications. This is advantageous for long-term use and largely prevents damage. In addition to extending the service life of the auxiliary line, the service life of the cable itself is also extended, thereby improving its economic viability. The thin conductor within the cable is the auxiliary conductor 11, which can be a control line, a communication line, a single conductor, a combination of several conductors, etc. A thin conductor is characterized by a cross-sectional area that is typically less than 10 mm². 2This refers to a fiber optic cable unit. "Movable application of the cable" means that the cable is constantly shifted or moved during use, rather than being fixed in place. This is the case, for example, with cables for coal cutters and cables for electric excavators in open-pit coal mining. Some cables must be constantly unwound or wound onto cable drums, such as cable reels on harbor cranes. Some cables must be laid in a cable carrier and constantly moved along with cable hooks, as is the case, for example, with trailing cables.

[0030] In the present embodiment, the auxiliary line further comprises an outer protective layer 13 made of high-molecular-weight material, which is slid onto the outside of the loosely fitted outer protective layer 12. The outer protective layer 13 made of high-molecular-weight material can be designed as a single-layer or two-layer structure, consist of rubber (e.g., ethylene-propylene rubber, chloroprene rubber, and chlorinated polyethylene rubber), elastomer, and another suitable high-molecular-weight material, and be black, colored, semi-transparent, or transparent; the outer protective layer 13 made of high-molecular-weight material can be arranged as required and can also be omitted if necessary.

[0031] In the present embodiment, the auxiliary line further comprises a shielding layer 14, which is slid onto the outermost layer of the loosely applied protective sheathing layer 12. In this embodiment, the outermost layer of the loosely applied protective sheathing layer 12 is its own outer layer if no outer protective layer 13 made of high-molecular-weight material is slid onto the outside of the loosely applied protective sheathing layer 12, so that the shielding layer 14 is directly on the outside of the loosely applied protective sheathing layer 12; if the outer protective layer 13 made of high-molecular-weight material is slid onto the outside of the loosely applied protective sheathing layer 12, the outermost layer of the loosely applied protective sheathing layer 12 is the outer protective layer 13 made of high-molecular-weight material, and the shielding layer 14 is slid onto the outside of the outer protective layer 13 made of high-molecular-weight material.The shielding layer 14 can be arranged as required and may also be omitted. If provided, the shielding layer 14 can be a metal wire mesh shielding layer, a metal wire / fiber mesh shielding layer, or a shielding layer with wound metal wire. When the auxiliary conductor 1 is used in a cable, the shielding layer 14 is generally provided on the outermost layer.

[0032] In the present embodiment, the auxiliary line 1 can be a control line, a communication line, or an optical fiber. Generally, if the auxiliary line 1 is a control line or a communication line, each of the conductors comprises a core conductor 111 and an insulating layer 112, which is pushed onto the outside of the core conductor 111; if the auxiliary line 1 is an optical fiber, each of the conductors comprises an optical fiber core and an optical fiber sleeve 15, which is pushed onto the outside of the optical fiber core. If several optical fiber sleeves 15 are provided, the multiple optical fiber sleeves 15 are twisted together to form the auxiliary line 11. The manner in which the core of the control line, the communication line, and the optical fiber is arranged is part of the prior art and is not described in detail here.

[0033] Auxiliary conductor 1 can be used in existing cables. The cable core may contain only auxiliary conductor 1. Alternatively, in addition to auxiliary conductor 1, other conductors such as a power conductor, an earth conductor, and an earth test conductor may be included. Generally, the composition and structure of the cable core should be selected based on the installation and laying conditions of the cable. Depending on the application scenarios and environments, the cable can be round, flat, or otherwise irregularly shaped. In a round cable, individual conductors are twisted together to form a single core. In a flat cable, individual conductors are arranged parallel to each other. In both cases, the core is encased by an outer cable protection layer.

[0034] It is therefore evident that, in the present design, the provision of a special protective structure, namely the loosely attached protective sheath layer 12, significantly extends the service life of the originally short-lived auxiliary conductor. This extends the service life of the entire cable, provides the user with direct economic benefits, and also makes a significant contribution to an environmentally friendly and low-carbon economy.

[0035] In practical application, the loosely applied protective sheath layer 12 is preferably made of a high molecular weight material with a certain hardness by tube extrusion and is thus distinguished from the steel wire winding technique by more sophisticated technology, faster production speed, lower weight and easier realization of lightweight cable construction. Second embodiment

[0036] The present embodiment proposes a flat cable 100. It comprises a flat cable sheath 2, a power conductor 3, and the auxiliary conductor 1 according to the first embodiment. Both the power conductor 3 and the auxiliary conductor 1 are embedded in the flat cable sheath 2, and the power conductor 3 and the auxiliary conductor 1 are arranged parallel along the width direction of the flat cable sheath 2. The flat cable sheath 2 uses a conventional cable sheath material and has a non-circular and flat cross-section. For example, the cross-sectional contour is rectangular or elliptical. The flat design of the flat cable 100 is advantageous for reducing the outer diameter of the cable, and compared to conventional round cables, the bending radius can be reduced by half. The cable does not twist during displacement, which is advantageous for extending the service life of the cable.

[0037] As can be seen from Fig. As shown in equation 4, the flat cable sheath 2 has a rectangular cross-sectional contour. Three power conductors 3 are provided: a first power conductor, a second power conductor, and a third power conductor. The first power conductor, the second power conductor, and the third power conductor are arranged sequentially from left to right at equal intervals along the width direction of the flat cable sheath 2 (i.e., the length direction of the rectangular cross-sectional contour).An auxiliary line 1 is provided between the first power conductor and the second power conductor and between the second power conductor and the third power conductor, wherein the auxiliary line 1 between the first power conductor and the second power conductor is a control line which touches the first power conductor from the outside and is arranged at a distance from the second power conductor, and the space between the control line and the second power conductor is filled with the material of the flat cable sheath 2, thereby forming a sheath reinforcement rib which is a component of the overall structure of the flat cable sheath 2.Accordingly, the auxiliary line 1 between the second power conductor and the third power conductor is an optical fiber that touches the third power conductor from the outside and is arranged at a distance from the second power conductor, and the space between the optical fiber and the second power conductor is filled with the material of the flat cable sheath 2, thus forming a sheath reinforcement rib that is part of the overall structure of the flat cable sheath 2.

[0038] In the present embodiment, the power conductor 3 comprises a power conductor 31, a power insulation layer 32, and a metal shielding layer 33, arranged sequentially from the inside out. If the voltage class of the cable is less than 3 kV, the power conductor 3 can be configured as described above. If the voltage class of the cable exceeds 6 kV, the power conductor must additionally be provided with a shielding layer. For example, a power conductor shielding layer 34 is additionally provided between the power conductor 31 and the power insulation layer 32, and an insulating semiconducting shielding layer 35 is additionally provided between the power insulation layer 32 and the metal shielding layer 33.This means that the resulting power conductor 3 comprises, from the inside out, the power conductor 31, the power conductor shielding layer 34, the power insulating layer 32, the insulating semiconducting shielding layer 35, and the metal shielding layer 33. The power conductor 3 is a conventional conductor used as a component in a cable, and a more detailed explanation of its specific structure and operating principle is omitted here.

[0039] In the present embodiment, the flat cable sheath 2 is generally designed as a single-layer sheath structure. The sheath layer of the single-layer sheath structure can consist of rubber (e.g., chloroprene rubber and chlorinated polyethylene rubber), elastomer, and another suitable high-molecular-weight material, and can be black, colored, semi-transparent, or transparent.

[0040] In the flat cable 100 mm² according to the present design, the inner conductors are arranged parallel to each other, which is advantageous for reducing the cable's outer diameter and thus makes it suitable for applications with confined spaces. Compared to round cables, the bending radius can be reduced by half. Furthermore, twisting of the cable is prevented even during displacement after installation and laying of the flat cable, thus eliminating the problem of conductor breakage due to cable twisting and resulting in a longer service life for the cable. Third example

[0041] The present embodiment proposes a circular cable 200. It comprises a cable core and a circular cable sheath 4 that encloses the cable core. The cable core is formed by twisting together a power core 3, an earthing core 5, an earth test core 6, and the aforementioned auxiliary conductor 1. The power core 3 is provided in a quantity of three, and the three power cores 3 are twisted together in pairs, touching each other. The earthing core 5, the earth test core 6, and the auxiliary conductor 1 are each provided in a quantity of one. A gap between each pair of adjacent power cores 3 touches and accommodates the earthing core 5, the earth test core 6, and the auxiliary conductor 1 from the outside; the auxiliary conductor 1 is a communication line. The circular cable 200 is characterized by improved resistance to crosswinds.

[0042] In the present embodiment, the power conductor 3 comprises a power conductor 31, a power insulation layer 32, and a metal shielding layer 33, arranged sequentially from the inside out. If the voltage class of the cable is less than 3 kV, the power conductor 3 can be configured as described above. If the voltage class of the cable exceeds 6 kV, the power conductor must additionally be provided with a shielding layer. For example, a power conductor shielding layer 34 is additionally provided between the power conductor 31 and the power insulation layer 32, and an insulating semiconducting shielding layer 35 is additionally provided between the power insulation layer 32 and the metal shielding layer 33.This means that the resulting power conductor 3 comprises, from the inside out, the power conductor 31, the power conductor shielding layer 34, the power insulating layer 32, the insulating semiconducting shielding layer 35, and the metal shielding layer 33. The power conductor 3 is a conventional conductor used as a component in a cable, and a more detailed explanation of its specific structure and operating principle is omitted here.

[0043] In the present embodiment, the ratio of the winding height of the twisting of the conductor bundle of the power conductor 3 to its diameter is between 2 and 30.

[0044] In the present embodiment, the ratio of the winding height of the cable core to the diameter of the finished cable is between 2 and 12.

[0045] In the present embodiment, the earthing conductor 5 is designed as a bare earthing conductor or as an earthing conductor which is provided on the outside with a semiconducting layer or an insulating layer.

[0046] In the present embodiment, the earthing test conductor 6 comprises an earthing test conductor 61 and an earthing test conductor insulating layer 62, which surrounds the earthing test conductor 61 from the outside.

[0047] In the present embodiment, the circular cable sheath 4 can be designed as a two-layer or single-layer sheath structure. The single-layer sheath can consist of rubber (e.g., chloroprene rubber and chlorinated polyethylene rubber), elastomer, and another suitable high-molecular-weight material, and can be black, colored, semi-transparent, or transparent. If the circular cable sheath 4 uses a two-layer sheath structure, it can comprise an inner sheath layer and an outer sheath layer that is pushed onto the outside of the inner sheath layer. Both the inner sheath layer and the outer sheath layer can consist of rubber, elastomer, and another suitable high-molecular-weight material, and can be black, colored, semi-transparent, or transparent.A reinforcing layer may be provided between the inner and outer sheath layers. This reinforcing layer could be a fiber fabric or a layer with wound metal wire. The placement of this sheath layer depends on the design requirements and may also be omitted.

[0048] Compared to flat cables, the 200 mm² round cable, according to this technical design, is characterized by improved resistance to crosswinds and a smaller surface area exposed to wind, making it well-suited for use in ports, mines, and other environments. Unlike conventional cables, the 200 mm² round cable in this design also features an independent grounding conductor and a grounding test conductor. Compared to a metal braid used as an additional grounding conductor, the independent grounding conductor offers a longer service life and improved grounding reliability. The integrated grounding test conductor allows for real-time testing of the circuit's safety, significantly enhancing the cable's overall safety performance.

[0049] In practical application, depending on the actual requirements, it is conceivable that only one of the components, earthing conductor 5 and earthing test conductor 6, is provided in the round cable 200, or that neither the earthing conductor 5 nor the earthing test conductor 6 is provided. If one or both of the components, earthing conductor 5 and earthing test conductor 6, are omitted, the respective position can remain empty, or alternatively, the auxiliary conductor 1, a fiber optic unit, a light strip, or another functional unit can be provided there instead. Fourth embodiment

[0050] The present embodiment proposes a round cable 200. It comprises a cable core and a round cable sheath 4 that encloses the cable core. The cable core is formed by twisting together a power core 3, an earthing core 5, and the auxiliary conductor 1. The power core 3 is provided in a quantity of three, and the earthing core 5 and the auxiliary conductor 1 are each provided in a quantity of one. The auxiliary conductor 1 is a control line or a communication line, and the auxiliary conductor 1 and the three power cores 3 are twisted together in pairs, touching each other. The earthing core 5 is located in the middle of the auxiliary conductor 1 and the three power cores 3. In a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the auxiliary conductor 1 and the three power cores are connected as shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 6, the cables have the same outer diameter, the grounding conductor 5 is located in the center of the auxiliary conductor 1 and the three power conductors 3, and both the first auxiliary conductor 1 and the three power conductors 3 touch the grounding conductor 5 from the outside. In the above cable, the lines connecting the centers of the three power conductors 3 and the auxiliary conductor 1 form a square. In the above cable, the ratio of the twist height to the diameter is 9.

[0051] In the present embodiment, the power conductor 3 comprises a power conductor 31, a power insulation layer 32, and a metal shielding layer 33, arranged sequentially from the inside out. If the voltage class of the cable is less than 3 kV, the power conductor 3 can be configured as described above. If the voltage class of the cable exceeds 6 kV, the power conductor must additionally be provided with a shielding layer. For example, a power conductor shielding layer 34 is additionally provided between the power conductor 31 and the power insulation layer 32, and an insulating semiconducting shielding layer 35 is additionally provided between the power insulation layer 32 and the metal shielding layer 33.This means that the resulting power conductor 3 comprises, from the inside out, the power conductor 31, the power conductor shielding layer 34, the power insulating layer 32, the insulating semiconducting shielding layer 35, and the metal shielding layer 33. The power conductor 3 is a conventional conductor used as a component in a cable, and a more detailed explanation of its specific structure and operating principle is omitted here.

[0052] In the present embodiment, the ratio of the winding height of the twisting of the power conductor 3 to its diameter is between 2 and 30.

[0053] In the present embodiment, the earthing conductor 5 is designed as a bare earthing conductor or as an earthing conductor which is provided on the outside with a semiconducting layer or an insulating layer.

[0054] In the present embodiment, the circular cable sheath 4 can be designed as a two-layer or single-layer sheath structure. The single-layer sheath can consist of rubber (e.g., chloroprene rubber and chlorinated polyethylene rubber), elastomer, and another suitable high-molecular-weight material, and can be black, colored, semi-transparent, or transparent. If the circular cable sheath 4 uses a two-layer sheath structure, it can comprise an inner sheath layer and an outer sheath layer that is pushed onto the outside of the inner sheath layer. Both the inner sheath layer and the outer sheath layer can consist of rubber, elastomer, and another suitable high-molecular-weight material, and can be black, colored, semi-transparent, or transparent.A reinforcing layer may be provided between the inner and outer sheath layers. This reinforcing layer could be a fiber fabric or a layer with wound metal wire. The placement of this sheath layer depends on the design requirements and may also be omitted.

[0055] Compared to flat cables, the 200 mm² round cable, according to this technical design, is characterized by improved resistance to crosswinds and a smaller surface area exposed to wind, making it well-suited for use in ports, mines, and other environments. Unlike conventional cables, the 200 mm² round cable in this design also features an independent grounding conductor. Compared to a metal braid used as an additional grounding conductor, the independent grounding conductor offers a longer service life. This significantly improves the cable's safety performance. Fifth embodiment

[0056] The present embodiment proposes a round cable 200. It comprises a cable core and a round cable sheath 4 that encloses the cable core from the outside. The cable core includes the aforementioned auxiliary conductor 1 and several other conductors. A power conductor or other functional unit can be provided in the cable core as required. Regardless of how many power conductors or other functional units are provided in the cable, the auxiliary conductor 1 can be arranged at any position in the cable core. As can be seen from Fig. 7 results in the cable core comprising two auxiliary lines 1, each located in the middle of the cable core or in a space between power cores on the outer circumference of the cable core.

[0057] In the present embodiment, the circular cable sheath 4 can be designed as a two-layer or single-layer sheath structure. The single-layer sheath can consist of rubber (e.g., chloroprene rubber and chlorinated polyethylene rubber), elastomer, and another suitable high-molecular-weight material, and can be black, colored, semi-transparent, or transparent. If the circular cable sheath 4 uses a two-layer sheath structure, it can comprise an inner sheath layer and an outer sheath layer that is pushed onto the outside of the inner sheath layer. Both the inner sheath layer and the outer sheath layer can consist of rubber, elastomer, and another suitable high-molecular-weight material, and can be black, colored, semi-transparent, or transparent.A reinforcing layer may be provided between the inner and outer sheath layers. This reinforcing layer could be a fiber fabric or a layer with wound metal wire. The placement of this sheath layer depends on the design requirements and may also be omitted.

[0058] In the round cable according to the present technical design, the auxiliary line 1 is provided with the loosely pushed-on protective sheath layer, which significantly extends the service life of the cable and thus improves the economic benefit for users. Sixth embodiment

[0059] The present embodiment proposes a round cable 200 mm. As in Fig. As shown in Figure 8, the difference from the fifth embodiment lies in the fact that the cable core includes an auxiliary conductor 1 located in the center of the cable core. Around the outside of the auxiliary conductor 1 are five conductors, such as power conductors and a grounding conductor, each of which touches the auxiliary conductor 1.

[0060] In the present embodiment, the circular cable sheath 4 can be designed as a two-layer or single-layer sheath structure outside the cable conductor. The single-layer sheath can consist of rubber (e.g., chloroprene rubber and chlorinated polyethylene rubber), elastomer, and another suitable high-molecular-weight material, and can be black, colored, semi-transparent, or transparent. If the circular cable sheath 4 uses a two-layer sheath structure, it can comprise an inner sheath layer and an outer sheath layer that is pushed onto the outside of the inner sheath layer. Both the inner and outer sheath layers can consist of rubber, elastomer, and another suitable high-molecular-weight material, and can be black, colored, semi-transparent, or transparent.A reinforcing layer may be provided between the inner and outer sheath layers. This reinforcing layer could be a fiber fabric or a layer with wound metal wire. The placement of this sheath layer depends on the design requirements and may also be omitted.

[0061] In the round cable according to the present technical design, the auxiliary line 1 is provided with the loosely pushed-on protective sheath layer, which significantly extends the service life of the cable and thus improves the economic benefit for users. Seventh embodiment

[0062] The present embodiment proposes a round cable 200 mm. As in Fig.As shown in Figure 9, the difference from the sixth embodiment lies solely in the type and number of conductors arranged on the outer circumference of the auxiliary conductor 1. The auxiliary conductor 1 is located in the center of the cable core, and six power conductors or other functional conductors are provided around the outside of the auxiliary conductor 1.

[0063] In the present embodiment, the circular cable sheath 4 can be designed as a two-layer or single-layer sheath structure outside the cable conductor. The single-layer sheath can consist of rubber (e.g., chloroprene rubber and chlorinated polyethylene rubber), elastomer, and another suitable high-molecular-weight material, and can be black, colored, semi-transparent, or transparent. If the circular cable sheath 4 uses a two-layer sheath structure, it can comprise an inner sheath layer and an outer sheath layer that is pushed onto the outside of the inner sheath layer. Both the inner and outer sheath layers can consist of rubber, elastomer, and another suitable high-molecular-weight material, and can be black, colored, semi-transparent, or transparent.A reinforcing layer may be provided between the inner and outer sheath layers. This reinforcing layer could be a fiber fabric or a layer with wound metal wire. The placement of this sheath layer depends on the design requirements and may also be omitted.

[0064] In the round cable according to the present technical design, the auxiliary line 1 is provided with the loosely pushed-on protective sheath layer, which significantly extends the service life of the cable and thus improves the economic benefit for users. Eighth example

[0065] The present embodiment proposes a cable. It comprises a cable core, which includes an auxiliary line 1 and other functional cores arranged around the outside of the auxiliary line 1.

[0066] In the cable according to the present technical design, the auxiliary line 1 is provided with the loosely pushed-on protective sheath layer, which significantly extends the service life of the cable and thus improves the economic benefit for users.

[0067] It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, the present invention is by no means limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments given above and can, in fact, be realized in other concrete forms without derogation from the spirit or the fundamental features of the invention. Therefore, the exemplary embodiments should in any case be regarded as examples rather than as limitations. The scope of the invention is defined by the attached claims rather than by the preceding description. Therefore, all modifications that fall within the definition and scope of the equivalent claims should be included in the present invention, and no reference numeral in the claims should be regarded as limiting the claims concerned.

[0068] Up to this point, the principle and embodiments of the present invention have been explained using specific examples. The description of the above exemplary embodiments serves only to facilitate a better understanding of the invention's method and its core ideas. Furthermore, modifications to the specific embodiments and the scope of application are possible for those skilled in the art in this field, based on the ideas of the invention. In summary, the content of this description should not be understood as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

[1] Auxiliary line, characterized by that it includes: an auxiliary wire formed by one wire or by several twisted wires; a loosely applied sheath protective layer which is pushed onto the outside of the pilot wire and is slidable relative to the pilot wire along the length direction of the pilot wire; wherein the loosely applied sheath protective layer is made of a high-molecular material by tube extrusion or is formed by wrapping a steel wire around the auxiliary wire. [2] Auxiliary line according to claim 1, characterized by that it further comprises an outer protective layer made of high-molecular material, which is pushed onto the outside of the loosely pushed-on protective shell layer. [3] Auxiliary line according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that it further comprises a shielding layer which is pushed onto the outer layer of the loosely pushed-on protective shell layer. [4] Auxiliary line according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that the auxiliary line is a control line, a communication line or an optical fiber. [5] Flat cable, characterized by that it comprises a flat cable sheath, a power wire and the auxiliary wire according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein both the power wire and the auxiliary wire are provided within the flat cable sheath and the power wire and the auxiliary wire are arranged in parallel along the width direction of the flat cable sheath. [6] Flat cable according to claim 5, characterized bythat three power cores, namely a first power core, a second power core and a third power core, are provided, wherein the first power core, the second power core and the third power core are arranged at equal distances along the width direction of the flat cable sheath, wherein an auxiliary line is provided between the first power core and the second power core and between the second power core and the third power core, wherein the auxiliary line between the first power core and the second power core is a control line which contacts the first power core from the outside and is arranged at a distance from the second power core; wherein the auxiliary line between the second power core and the third power core is an optical fiber which contacts the third power core from the outside and is arranged at a distance from the second power core. [7] Round cable, characterized by in that it comprises a cable core and a round cable sheath which envelops the cable core from the outside, wherein the cable core comprises the auxiliary line according to one of claims 1 to 3. [8] Round cable according to claim 7, characterized by that the cable core is formed by twisting a power core, a ground core, a ground check line core and the auxiliary line according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the power core is provided in a number of three and the three power cores are twisted in contact with each other in pairs, wherein the ground core, the ground check line core and the auxiliary line are each provided in a number of one, wherein a space between every two adjacent power cores respectively contacts and receives the ground core, the ground check line core and the auxiliary line from the outside; and wherein the auxiliary line is a communication line. [9] Round cable according to claim 7, characterized by that the cable core is formed by twisting a power core, a ground core and the auxiliary line according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the power core is provided in a number of three and the ground core and the auxiliary line are each provided in a number of one, wherein the auxiliary line is a control line or a communication line and the auxiliary line and the three power cores are each twisted in contact with each other in twos, wherein the ground core is located in the middle of the auxiliary line and the three power cores. [10] Round cable according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized by that the round cable sheath is designed as a single-layer sheath structure or a multi-layer sheath structure.

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