CONTROL DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A COOLING DEVICE OF AN ELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE

Abstract

A control device (1) is provided for controlling a cooling device of an electrical energy storage device (2) for a motor vehicle (10), wherein the control device (1) is designed to detect (S1) a thermal runaway of a defective battery cell of the electrical energy storage device (2) and to initiate an emergency cooling process with a delay after the thermal runaway has been detected by the cooling device (S2).

Description

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a control device for controlling a cooling device of an electrical energy storage device for a motor vehicle, a motor vehicle comprising the control device, and / or a method for controlling a cooling device of an electrical energy storage device for a motor vehicle. Additionally or alternatively, a computer program is provided which comprises instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to at least partially execute the method. Additionally or alternatively, a computer-readable medium is provided which comprises instructions which, when the instructions are executed by a computer, cause the computer to at least partially execute the method.

[0002] In modern motor vehicles, especially automobiles, electric machines or electric motors are increasingly being installed to drive the vehicle, optionally as a primary drive but also in hybrid vehicles as a secondary drive.

[0003] Such electric vehicles use a traction battery to store electrical energy, which in turn is used to power the electric motor. A traction battery, also known as a high-voltage storage battery, traction battery, or deep cycle battery, is an accumulator primarily designed to supply electrical energy to the electric motors that provide propulsion in electric vehicles. This also includes buffer batteries in fuel cell vehicles and hybrid drives.

[0004] Such drive batteries have several elements connected to each other via a so-called cell connector or a so-called cell contact system, which can be referred to as accumulator cells or battery cells or cell blocks.

[0005] During operation of the motor vehicle, individual battery cells may experience what is known as thermal runaway, which refers to the overheating of an exothermic chemical reaction or a technical device due to a self-reinforcing heat-producing process.

[0006] It is conceivable that the drive battery consists of a large number of lithium-ion batteries, which represent the battery cells. If a local short circuit occurs in the internal electrodes of a lithium-ion battery with liquid, solid, or bound electrolyte, e.g. due to contamination of the separator by an enclosed foreign particle or mechanical damage, the short-circuit current can heat the area immediately surrounding the damaged area due to the internal resistance to such an extent that the surrounding areas are also affected. This process spreads and releases the energy stored in the battery in a short time. Furthermore, thermal runaway can close a current path between the defective battery cell and a neighboring battery cell, e.g. within a parallel circuit, thereby also generating a short-circuit current.

[0007] In order to prevent this thermal runaway from spreading to other, particularly neighboring, battery cells of the drive battery, the cell contact system conventionally comprises separating elements, e.g., fuses.

[0008] A fuse is an overcurrent protection device that interrupts the circuit by melting a fusible element if the current exceeds a certain value for a sufficient or specified period of time. Such fuses are typically located in the respective battery cell itself or in the cell contact system.

[0009] A challenge with thermal runaway of one of the battery cells is that the resulting short-circuit currents can be within the typical operating current range of the traction battery, so a conflicting objective must be considered when designing the fuse. This means that if the fuse is designed too weakly, it may blow during normal operation of the traction battery, which is undesirable. If the fuse is designed too strong, it may not blow during thermal runaway, which is also undesirable.

[0010] For this purpose, isolating elements or fuses are known that utilize the short-circuit heat, e.g., by thermally insulating a terminal and / or fuse area of ​​the respective fuse.

[0011] Furthermore, it is known to activate emergency cooling in the event of a thermal runaway of a battery cell in order to dissipate the thermal energy generated during the thermal runaway and thereby, in addition to the separating elements, to prevent the thermal runaway from spreading to other, in particular neighboring, battery cells.

[0012] This creates a conflict of objectives: On the one hand, emergency cooling should be used to dissipate thermal energy and thereby reduce temperatures, while on the other hand, a high temperature is beneficial for short-circuit isolation by means of the isolating elements or fuses.

[0013] CN 110 556 606 A describes a device for controlling an internal injection emergency cooling of a battery pack, wherein the emergency cooling is activated in response to a hot melt nozzle responding to an overheated battery module.

[0014] EP 3 333 965 A2 describes a method for controlling the battery system of an electric vehicle, comprising detecting a thermal event in a first battery pack of a plurality of battery packs of the battery system and at least partially automatically switching off the electric vehicle in response to the detected thermal event.

[0015] DE 10 2021 205 003 A1 describes a device for mitigating thermal runaway of a motor vehicle battery, comprising a battery housing for enclosing a plurality of battery cells, wherein the battery housing has a housing section with at least one cavity through which a cooling medium can flow, a sensor arranged in or on the battery housing for detecting the thermal runaway, a controller which is data-linked to the sensor, and at least one valve which can be actuated by the controller for introducing the cooling medium into the cavity.

[0016] Against the background of this prior art, the object of the present disclosure is to provide a device and / or a method which are each suitable for enriching the prior art.

[0017] The problem is solved by the features of the independent claims. The subordinate claims and the dependent claims each contain optional developments of the disclosure.

[0018] The object is then achieved by a control device for controlling a cooling device of an electrical energy storage device for a motor vehicle.

[0019] The control device is designed to detect a thermal runaway of a defective battery cell of the electrical energy storage device.

[0020] The control device is designed to initiate an emergency cooling process with a delay after the thermal runaway has been detected by the cooling device.

[0021] The control device can be part of or represent a battery management system for the electrical energy storage device, wherein the control device can be, for example, a battery control unit (BCU). The battery management system can include one or more cell monitoring units for recording parameters and / or measured variables of the battery cells, e.g., battery cell voltages, battery cell currents, and / or battery cell temperatures, which can be signal-connected to the control device.

[0022] The cooling device can be configured to regulate the temperature, e.g., cool, of battery cells of the electrical energy storage device, including the defective battery cell. The control device can be configured to control the cooling device to initiate the emergency cooling process, open valves of the cooling device, and / or control pumps and / or refrigeration circuits of the cooling device such that maximum cooling capacity is available or supplied to the electrical energy storage device (or the battery cells).

[0023] The emergency cooling process can comprise (active) emergency cooling by means of at least one refrigerant circuit of the cooling device and / or emergency homogenization, in which coolant is merely pumped in a circle in at least one coolant circuit of the cooling device. In other words, to initiate the emergency cooling process, the control device can be configured to control the cooling device, initiate (or trigger) the (active) emergency cooling by means of the at least one refrigerant circuit and / or the emergency homogenization by means of the at least one coolant circuit.

[0024] The control device described above offers a number of advantages. Among other things, it provides an improved technology that can resolve the conflict of objectives described above or at the beginning in that, in the event of a thermal runaway of a defective battery cell, emergency cooling is initiated only after a delay to dissipate thermal energy and thereby reduce temperatures. This delay allows sufficient time for a separating element, e.g., a fuse, on or adjacent to the defective battery cell to be cut in response to the high temperature.

[0025] Possible further developments of the control device described above are explained in detail below.

[0026] The delay may depend on the short-circuit disconnection capability of the battery cell.

[0027] The delay may correspond to a predetermined time (e.g., 5 minutes) after the thermal runaway has been detected, optionally provided that no short circuit of the defective battery cell has been detected after the predetermined time.

[0028] The delay can be determined by initiating the emergency cooling process as soon as a predetermined short-circuit charge quantity and / or a predetermined amount of electrical energy has been released by the defective battery cell in the event of a short circuit (e.g., of the defective battery cell and / or at the defective battery cell). The control device can, for example, be configured to determine, based on data (and / or signals) from at least one voltage tap of the defective battery cell, a current charge quantity and / or a current amount of electrical energy released by the defective battery cell during the short circuit and to compare it with the predetermined short-circuit charge quantity and / or the predetermined amount of electrical energy.

[0029] The delay can be determined by initiating the emergency cooling process as soon as a critical temperature of at least one battery cell of the electrical energy storage device, which is arranged adjacent to the defective battery cell, has been reached. The control device can be configured to determine a current temperature based on temperature sensor data from at least one temperature sensor on the at least one battery cell and to compare it with the critical temperature.

[0030] The delay may be determined by the fact that the emergency cooling process is initiated after a short circuit (e.g. of the defective battery cell and / or on the defective battery cell) has been broken.

[0031] The short circuit can be generated or can be generated in a cell connector, e.g., parallel connector, of a cell contact system of the electrical energy storage device between the defective battery cell and another battery cell of the electrical energy storage device, optionally by thermal runaway.

[0032] The control device can be designed to detect the thermal runaway of the defective battery cell if a pressure increase above a predetermined pressure threshold has been detected based on pressure sensor data from at least one pressure sensor within the electrical energy storage device.

[0033] The control device can be designed to detect thermal runaway of the defective battery cell if at least one voltage deviation outside a predetermined voltage range has been detected based on voltage data from at least one voltage tap of the defective battery cell.

[0034] The control device can be designed to detect thermal runaway of the defective battery cell if at least one temperature deviation outside a predetermined temperature range has been detected on the defective battery cell based on temperature sensor data from at least one temperature sensor.

[0035] The control device can be designed to determine, based on voltage data from at least one voltage tap of the defective battery cell, that the short circuit of the defective battery cell has been broken, e.g., when a voltage curve of the defective battery cell exhibits voltage fluctuations (e.g., outside a predetermined voltage range) and then, optionally abruptly, drops to a lower (optionally constant) voltage, e.g., 0 V.

[0036] The above description can be summarized in other words and in a possible more concrete embodiment of the disclosure as described below, whereby the following description is not to be interpreted as limiting the disclosure.

[0037] After a thermal runaway (also known as a thermal event) has been detected, emergency cooling can only be switched on with a delay.

[0038] The duration of the delay may depend on the short-circuit disconnection capability and may be implemented, for example, as follows: activation of the emergency cooling after a fixed time, e.g., 5 minutes; activation of the emergency cooling after the short-circuit has been disconnected, whereby detection of the short-circuit disconnection may be performed, e.g., using the battery's own voltage taps; activation of the emergency cooling after a certain amount of short-circuit charge or electrical energy has flowed; and / or activation of the emergency cooling when a critical temperature of the neighboring cells is reached.

[0039] Once a thermal runaway event is detected, the control device (or a control unit) can issue a signal to open all necessary valves and control the pumps and cooling circuits so that maximum cooling capacity is available to the electrical energy storage device. The goal is to cool the battery cells surrounding the defective battery cell and thus protect them from further thermal runaway. Typical critical limit temperatures are 150°C, for example, but vary depending on the cell chemistry and type.

[0040] Active cooling of the coolant may require a refrigerant circuit including heat pumps, both of which rely on high-voltage availability. Since the electrical energy storage unit is typically electrically disconnected from the vehicle after a thermal runaway, high-voltage power is no longer available. In this case, the 12V electrical system can be used, and the coolant can simply be pumped around the circuit. This is known as emergency homogenization.

[0041] Thermal runaway can be determined using one of the following metrics, for example: A pressure increase within the electrical energy storage device can be detected using a pressure sensor, abnormalities in the voltage signals can be detected using the voltage taps on each (logical) battery cell, and / or abnormalities in the temperature can be detected using temperature sensors. In addition, other methods for detecting thermal runaway are known.

[0042] Using at least one (battery-specific) voltage tap, it can be determined that the short-circuit disconnection has been successfully performed, e.g., based on a voltage waveform recorded by the at least one voltage tap. Before a thermal runaway, the voltage waveform lies within an expected (constant) range; during the thermal runaway and subsequent (secondary) short circuits, (strong) voltage fluctuations are measurable; and after the thermal runaway and short-circuit disconnection, the voltage signal is either constant at 0 V or at a value less than or equal to the output voltage before the thermal runaway.

[0043] Furthermore, an electrical energy storage system is provided which comprises the control device and the electrical energy storage device described above.

[0044] The electrical energy storage device can be a traction battery and / or a high-voltage battery.

[0045] The electrical energy storage device can comprise a plurality of battery cells, e.g., one of the battery cells can be the defective battery cell. The battery cells can be electrically connected in parallel and / or in series.

[0046] The electrical energy storage device may comprise a cell contact system for electrically connecting the battery cells. The cell contact system may have multiple cell connectors, e.g., parallel and / or series connectors, for electrically connecting two of the battery cells at a time.

[0047] The cell contact system and / or the battery cells can have multiple separating elements, e.g., fuses. The separating elements can each be formed in one of the cell connectors or as part of one of the cell connectors.

[0048] The separating elements can each be arranged and dimensioned in a region of one of the battery cells, e.g. the defective battery cell, in such a way that a reaction heat of the respective battery cell during (i.e. during and / or after) a thermal runaway of the battery cell together with the ohmic losses of associated short-circuit currents occurring in a terminal region of the respective battery cell and together with short-circuit currents occurring at the respective separating element triggers the respective separating element.

[0049] In other words, several isolating elements, such as fuses, are located in the cell contact system or in the cell connectors. The respective isolating element is heated by the fault currents during thermal runaway. However, this "ohmic" heating alone, which also occurs during normal operation of the drive battery, does not trigger the isolating element, so that the normal operation of the electrical energy storage device, which is optionally designed as a high-voltage storage device, is not impaired by the provision of the isolating elements. The isolating elements or fuses can, for example, each be designed as a cross-sectional tapered section.

[0050] The respective isolating element or fuse can be geometrically dimensioned and arranged relative to the battery cell in such a way that the reaction heat of the degassing or defective battery cell and the short-circuit currents of the battery cell, as well as the ohmic heat generated by the secondary short circuit in the defective battery cell in the terminal area at the short-circuit location, can be used to further heat the isolating element and ultimately trigger it. Triggering can be understood here as the isolating element or fuse blowing, thus interrupting the flow of current.

[0051] The thermal environment of each cell terminal can be customized. Materials with low thermal conductivity and heat capacity can be selected, for example, an air environment or a highly porous PE foam.

[0052] The respective separating element can be arranged in the area of ​​the respective (electrochemical) battery cell and dimensioned in such a way that the reaction heat of the battery cell in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell triggers the fuse exclusively together with the ohmic losses of associated short-circuit currents occurring in the terminal area of ​​the battery cell and together with the short-circuit currents occurring at the fuse.

[0053] In other words, the respective isolating element or the respective fuse can be dimensioned in such a way that it is not triggered by the short-circuit currents occurring during thermal runaway alone, but rather is only triggered when, in addition to the short-circuit currents, the reaction heat generated during thermal runaway also acts on the fuse.

[0054] Since the short-circuit currents can be in the range of the normal operating currents, this can prevent the fuse from tripping when the normal operating currents are present, thus leading to a power interruption in the normal operation of the traction battery.

[0055] The battery cells can each comprise a positive terminal to which the cell contact system is electrically connected. One of the separating elements (e.g., one of the fuses) can be arranged adjacent to the positive terminal of one of the battery cells.

[0056] In other words, a thermally protected area may be located around the positive terminal of the respective battery cell. This thermally protected area can be understood as an area protected from thermal influences, for example, by overmolding, keeping away foam, air pockets, etc.

[0057] The respective separating element, e.g., the fuse, can be arranged in this thermally protected area, which can in turn be divided into a primary and a secondary thermally protected area. The secondary thermally protected area can extend around the entire positive terminal of the respective battery cell. The primary thermally protected area can be located within the secondary thermally protected area and can be arranged in an area adjacent to the positive terminal of the battery cell, in which the respective separating element of the cell contact system is also arranged.

[0058] Placing the separator in this thermally protected area allows for positioning as close as possible to the degassing or defective battery cell. Furthermore, it ensures thermal resistance to the surrounding environment, particularly to any foam surroundings or the remaining cell contact system.

[0059] The electrical energy storage device may comprise a housing in which the battery cells may be arranged.

[0060] The electrical energy storage device can comprise the cooling device for controlling the temperature, e.g., cooling, of the battery cells. The cooling device can have one or more temperature control lines (e.g., one or more cooling circuits) for conducting a temperature control fluid, which, e.g., each run along one of the plurality of battery cells and / or between two directly adjacent battery cells of the plurality of battery cells. The control device can be configured to control the cooling device or the temperature control fluid.

[0061] The cooling device may have at least one refrigeration circuit, e.g., at least one coolant circuit and optionally at least one refrigerant circuit.

[0062] The cooling device can be controlled by the control device.

[0063] What has been described above with reference to the control device also applies analogously to the electrical energy storage system and vice versa.

[0064] Furthermore, a motor vehicle is provided which comprises the control device and the electrical energy storage device (or the electrical energy storage system described above).

[0065] The motor vehicle can be an electrically powered, e.g., drivable, motor vehicle. The electrical energy storage device can be a traction battery of the motor vehicle.

[0066] The motor vehicle may comprise an electrical machine, e.g. traction machine, for driving the motor vehicle, wherein the electrical energy storage device and the electrical machine may be electrically connected to one another and / or the electrical machine may be capable of being supplied with electrical energy from the electrical energy storage device.

[0067] The motor vehicle may be a passenger car, in particular an automobile, or a commercial vehicle, such as a truck.

[0068] What has been described above with reference to the control device and the electrical energy storage system also applies analogously to the motor vehicle and vice versa.

[0069] Furthermore, a method for controlling a cooling device of an electrical energy storage device for a motor vehicle is provided.

[0070] The method includes detecting a thermal event of a defective battery cell of the electrical energy storage device.

[0071] The method includes initiating an emergency cooling process with a delay after the thermal event has been detected by the cooling device.

[0072] The (control) method may be a computer-implemented method, i.e. one, several or all steps of the method may be carried out at least partially by a computer or a data processing device, optionally the control device.

[0073] What has been described above with reference to the control device, the electrical energy storage system and the motor vehicle also applies analogously to the method and vice versa.

[0074] Furthermore, a computer program is provided, comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to at least partially carry out or carry out the method described above.

[0075] A program code of the computer program may be in any code, in particular in a code suitable for motor vehicle controls.

[0076] What has been described above with reference to the control device, the electrical energy storage system, the motor vehicle and the method also applies analogously to the computer program and vice versa.

[0077] Furthermore, a computer-readable medium, in particular a computer-readable storage medium, is provided. The computer-readable medium comprises instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to at least partially execute or carry out the method described above.

[0078] This means that a computer-readable medium can be provided that contains a computer program as defined above. The computer-readable medium can be any digital data storage device, such as a USB flash drive, a hard disk, a CD-ROM, an SD card, or an SSD card (or SSD drive / SSD hard disk).

[0079] The computer program does not necessarily have to be stored on such a computer-readable storage medium in order to be made available to the motor vehicle, but can also be obtained via the Internet or otherwise externally.

[0080] What has been described above with reference to the method, the control device, the electrical energy storage system, the computer program and the motor vehicle also applies analogously to the computer-readable medium and vice versa.

[0081] Below is an optional embodiment with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 described. Fig. 1 schematically shows a motor vehicle according to the disclosure with a control device for controlling a cooling device of an electrical energy storage device of the motor vehicle, and Fig. 2 schematically shows a flow diagram of a method according to the disclosure for controlling the cooling device of the electrical energy storage device.

[0082] The Fig. 1, the motor vehicle 10 shown only schematically comprises the control device 1.

[0083] The motor vehicle 10 further comprises the electrical energy storage device 2, which can be a traction battery and / or a high-voltage battery. Accordingly, the motor vehicle 10 can be an electrically powered motor vehicle.

[0084] The electrical energy storage device 2 can comprise a plurality of battery cells and a cell contact system for electrically connecting the battery cells.

[0085] The cell contact system can have a plurality of cell connectors, e.g., parallel and / or series connectors, for electrically connecting two of the battery cells each. The cell contact system can further have a plurality of separating elements, e.g., fuses, which can be formed, for example, in one of the cell connectors or as part of one of the cell connectors. The separating elements can be configured to separate the corresponding cell connector and thus the electrical connection to other battery cells in the event of a thermal runaway of a defective battery cell arranged on or adjacent to the respective separating element and a resulting short circuit.

[0086] The electrical energy storage device 2 can comprise a cooling device for controlling the temperature, e.g., cooling, of the battery cells. The cooling device can be controlled by the control device 1 and can perform an emergency cooling process so that maximum cooling power is available or supplied to the battery cells and, in the event of a thermal runaway of a defective battery cell, can cool this and neighboring battery cells.

[0087] To control the cooling device of the electrical energy storage device 2, the control device 1 is designed to control the cooling device 2, which is also described below with reference to Fig. 2 to carry out the procedures 100 described in detail.

[0088] In a first method step S1, a thermal runaway of a defective battery cell of the electrical energy storage device 2 is detected.

[0089] The thermal runaway of the defective battery cell can be determined, for example, based on pressure sensor data from at least one pressure sensor within the electrical energy storage device 2, voltage data from at least one voltage tap of the defective battery cell and / or temperature sensor data from at least one temperature sensor on the defective battery cell.

[0090] It is conceivable that thermal runaway occurs if a pressure increase above a predetermined pressure threshold has been detected based on the pressure sensor data, at least one voltage deviation outside a predetermined voltage range has been detected based on the voltage data, and / or at least one temperature deviation outside a predetermined temperature range has been detected based on the temperature sensor data.

[0091] In a second method step S2, an emergency cooling process NK is initiated by the cooling device with a delay after the thermal runaway has been detected, wherein the delay may depend on a short-circuit disconnection capability of the defective battery cell.

[0092] The second method step S2 may comprise several method sub-steps S2-1 to S2-5.

[0093] In a method sub-step S2-1, the defective battery cell or the electrical energy storage device 2 can initially be monitored for a predetermined time after the thermal runaway has been detected.

[0094] In a method sub-step S2-2, it can be checked whether a short circuit in the defective battery cell occurs during or after the predetermined time. The short circuit may have been caused by thermal runaway. The short circuit may occur in the defective battery cell and / or be generated in a cell connector, e.g., a parallel connector, of the cell contact system between the defective battery cell and another battery cell of the electrical energy storage device 2.

[0095] If there is no short circuit, the emergency cooling process NK can be initiated. The delay can thus correspond to the predetermined time after the thermal runaway has been detected, with the emergency cooling process NK being initiated after the predetermined time, e.g. 5 minutes, provided that no short circuit of the defective battery cell is present or has been detected after the predetermined time.

[0096] If a short circuit occurs after the predetermined time, the defective battery cell or the electrical energy storage device 2 can be monitored in a method sub-step S2-3 for a predetermined short circuit time after the short circuit has been detected.

[0097] In a process sub-step S2-4, it can be checked whether the predetermined short-circuit time has exceeded a time threshold and whether the short circuit in the defective battery cell is still present and has not yet been broken. If the time threshold has been exceeded and the short circuit is still present, the emergency cooling process NK can be initiated.

[0098] If the time threshold has not yet been exceeded, a process sub-step S2-5 can be used to check whether the short circuit has been broken. If so, the emergency cooling process (NK) can be initiated. In other words, the delay can be determined by initiating the emergency cooling process (NK) after the short circuit of the defective battery cell has been broken.

[0099] The process substeps S2-3 to S2-5 can be repeated repeatedly in a loop until the short circuit has been broken or the short circuit time has exceeded the time threshold.

[0100] Furthermore, it is conceivable that the emergency cooling process NK is initiated before the short circuit of the defective battery cell has been broken and, optionally, the short-circuit time has exceeded the time threshold. In this case, the delay can be determined by initiating the emergency cooling process as soon as a predetermined short-circuit charge quantity and / or a predetermined amount of electrical energy has been released by the defective battery cell during the short circuit, and / or as soon as a critical temperature of at least one battery cell of the electrical energy storage device 2, which is arranged adjacent to the defective battery cell, has been reached during the short circuit. List of reference symbols 1 control device 2 electrical energy storage 10 motor vehicle 100 procedures S1-S2 process steps S2-1 - S2-5 procedural sub-steps NK emergency cooling QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] CN 110 556 606 A

[0013] EP 3 333 965 A2

[0014] DE 10 2021 205 003 A1

[0015]

Claims

[1] Control device (1) for controlling a cooling device of an electrical energy storage device (2) for a motor vehicle (10), wherein the control device (1) is designed to: - to detect (S1) a thermal runaway of a defective battery cell of the electrical energy storage device (2); characterized by that the control device (1) is designed to: - to initiate an emergency cooling process with a delay after the thermal runaway has been detected by the cooling device (S2). [2] Control device (1) according to claim 1, characterized by that the delay depends on the short-circuit disconnection capability of the defective battery cell. [3] Control device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that the delay corresponds to a predetermined time after the thermal runaway has been detected, provided that no short circuit of the defective battery cell has been detected after the predetermined time. [4] Control device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by that the delay is determined by the fact that the emergency cooling process is initiated as soon as - in the event of a short circuit, a predetermined short-circuit charge quantity and / or a predetermined amount of electrical energy has been released from the defective battery cell; and / or - a critical temperature of at least one battery cell of the electrical energy storage device (2) arranged adjacent to the defective battery cell has been reached. [5] Control device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by that the delay is determined by the fact that the emergency cooling process is initiated after a short circuit has been broken. [6] Control device (1) according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized bythat the short circuit in a cell connector of a cell contact system of the electrical energy storage device (2) between the defective battery cell and another battery cell of the electrical energy storage device (2) can be or is generated by the thermal runaway. [7] Control device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by that the control device (1) is designed to detect the thermal runaway of the defective battery cell when: - a pressure increase above a predetermined pressure threshold has been detected on the basis of pressure sensor data from at least one pressure sensor within the electrical energy storage device (2); - based on voltage data from at least one voltage tap of the defective battery cell, at least one voltage deviation outside a predetermined voltage range has been detected; and / or - at least one temperature deviation outside a predetermined temperature range has been detected on the defective battery cell based on temperature sensor data from at least one temperature sensor. [8] Motor vehicle (10), characterized by that the motor vehicle (10) comprises: - the control device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7; and - the electrical energy storage (2). [9] Method (100) for controlling a cooling device of an electrical energy storage device (2) for a motor vehicle (10), the method (100) comprising: - detecting (S1) a thermal event of a defective battery cell of the electrical energy storage device (2); characterized by that the method (100) comprises: - Initiation (S2) of an emergency cooling process with a delay after the thermal event has been detected by the cooling device. [10] Computer program and / or computer-readable medium, characterized by that the computer program and / or the computer-readable medium comprises instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the method (100) according to claim 9.

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