PLUG-IN SOLAR DEVICE AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A PLUG-IN SOLAR DEVICE

Abstract

The invention relates to a plug-in solar device for feeding electrical power into multiple household power grids and a method for operating a plug-in solar device for feeding electrical power into multiple household power grids comprising a photovoltaic unit (PV unit), multiple inverters, multiple connector plugs, multiple power measurement units and a control unit, wherein the power measurement unit is designed and suitable for determining the total power consumption and / or the total power demand of each household connected to the plug-in solar device.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a plug-in solar device for feeding electrical power into a plurality of household power grids and a method for operating a plug-in solar device for feeding electrical power into a plurality of household power grids, comprising a photovoltaic unit (PV unit), a plurality of inverters, a plurality of connection plugs, a plurality of power measuring units and a controller, wherein the power measuring unit is provided and suitable for determining the total power consumption and / or the complete power requirement of each household connected to the plug-in solar device. State of the art

[0002] Plug-in solar devices, also known as balcony solar power systems, can be set up or installed without major technical effort on balconies, flat roofs, gardens, and other locations with suitable sunlight and an available electrical outlet. This technology derives its name from the direct feed-in of photovoltaic (PV) electricity into the household electrical circuit using a plug-in connector. A user purchases the plug-in solar device and arranges the solar panel and inverter. To feed in the electricity, the inverter is connected to a standard Schuko socket. Plug-in solar devices are attractive to all end users who want to supply themselves with at least some of their own electricity.

[0003] Because a plug-in solar device doesn't store electricity, it feeds any excess electrical power that the household doesn't immediately use into the public grid. Currently, this surplus is not remunerated. The excess electrical power can be stored in a rechargeable energy storage device (battery), from which the electrical energy can be withdrawn, for example, during the night, and fed into the household's electricity grid.

[0004] The combination of plug-in solar devices with a battery is well known. However, with these plug-in solar devices, the electrical power generated by the solar panels (currently a maximum of 600 watts, for example) is fed into the household power grid. Any excess electrical power generated is fed into the battery, which in turn feeds the stored electrical power into the household grid at night and during periods of low sunlight. Thus, only the surplus power from the plug-in solar device is stored, which is then released from the battery when needed.

[0005] An example is shown in document CN 216215920 U: The plug-in solar device can supply power together with commercial power in a networking mode. The plug-in solar device is supplied directly to a load for use under daytime lighting conditions. The plug-in solar device can be supplemented by commercial power or a battery when the photovoltaic power supply is insufficient. Excess electrical energy is stored in the battery for standby operation after the photovoltaic power generation is used to power the load. The electrical energy from the battery and commercial power is used to power the load simultaneously at night. A portion of the electrical energy is reserved in the battery for backup power supply, and backup power for partial small loads such as lighting is provided to residents after the commercial power is turned off.

[0006] This plug-in solar device has the disadvantage that both the electrical power generated by the plug-in solar device and electricity from the public grid are used to charge the electrical energy storage unit. This system is primarily suitable for emergency power supply, for example, for offices and households. Task

[0007] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method for operating an electricity storage system for feeding electrical power into household power grids, with which the self-use of the stored electrical power is optimized.

[0008] It is also an object of the present invention to provide an electricity storage system for feeding electrical power into household power grids, with which the self-use of the stored electrical power is optimized.

[0009] The object is achieved by means of the inventive method for operating a power storage system for feeding electrical power into several household power grids according to claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are set out in the subclaims.

[0010] The inventive method for operating a power storage system for feeding electrical power into multiple household power grids comprises four method steps: In the first method step, electrical power is generated using a device for generating primary electrical power. For this purpose, the plug-in solar device has one or more photovoltaic modules connected in series and / or parallel as a photovoltaic unit. In the second method step, the generated electrical power is stored in a power storage unit. The generated electrical power is optionally stored until the power storage unit is fully charged.

[0011] The third step involves measuring the reference and / or consumption power for several household power grids. During operation of the plug-in solar device, a power measurement unit uses a power meter to record the complete reference and / or consumption power of each household power grid connected to the plug-in solar device.

[0012] The recording of the reference and / or consumption power is carried out continuously at an adjustable rate, e.g. 1 second.

[0013] In the fourth method step, a first feed-in power is fed into a first household power grid and a second feed-in power is fed into a second household power grid, optionally from the power storage unit via an inverter. The amount of feed-in power depends on the measured reference and / or consumption power, which is typically different for the first household power grid than the reference and / or consumption power of the second household power grid. Based on the measured reference and / or consumption power of the first household power grid, such a feed-in power is delivered to the inverter as direct current that the reference and / or consumption power of the first household power grid is fully covered.In the same way, on the basis of the recorded reference and / or consumption power of the second household power grid, such a feed-in power is supplied to the inverter as direct current that the reference and / or consumption power of the second household power grid is fully covered.

[0014] The inverter converts the direct current from the power storage unit into alternating current (230V in Germany). The alternating current is fed into the standard household socket of the first household power grid and the second household power grid via a connector plug connected to the inverter.

[0015] This ensures that electrical energy from the power storage unit is fed into the first and second household power grids as long as the power storage unit has electrical energy.

[0016] The electrical power is adjusted to the consumption of the first and second household power grids, meaning that only as much electrical power is fed from the power storage unit into the household power grids as is actually consumed. This ensures that the electrical power demand of the household power grids is met, while at the same time, as little electrical power as possible is fed from the public power grid into the household power grids.

[0017] In a further aspect of the invention, the first feed-in power into the first household power grid is different from the second feed-in power into the second household power grid. The amount of feed-in power depends on the measured reference and / or consumption power, which is typically different for the first household power grid than the reference and / or consumption power of the second household power grid. Based on the measured reference and / or consumption power of the first household power grid, such a feed-in power is delivered to the inverter as direct current that the reference and / or consumption power of the first household power grid is fully covered.

[0018] In a further development of the invention, the first feed-in power and the second feed-in power are limited in quantity. The respective feed-in power is the maximum legally permitted feed-in power of electrical power into a household power grid. In a further aspect of the invention, the first feed-in power and the second feed-in power are less than 1800W, preferably less than or equal to 800W, and particularly preferably not equal to or equal to 600W. The feed-in power in Germany is currently legally limited to a maximum of 600W.

[0019] In a further embodiment of the invention, the amount of power fed in depends on the measured power consumption and / or consumption. Based on the measured power consumption and / or consumption of the household power grid, such power is fed into the first and second household power grids as direct current that the power consumption and / or consumption of the household power grid is fully covered. The inverter converts the direct current from the power storage unit into alternating current (230V in Germany). The alternating current is fed into the standard household socket of the first and second household power grids via a connector plug connected to the inverter.

[0020] In a further embodiment of the invention, the first feed-in power is less than or equal to the reference and / or consumption power of the first household and greater than or equal to 0.9 x the reference and / or consumption power of the first household and the second feed-in power is less than or equal to the reference and / or consumption power of the second household and greater than or equal to 0.9 x the reference and / or consumption power of the second household.The maximum power output of the first feed-in power for feeding into the first household power grid and the second feed-in power for feeding into the second household power grid reaches such a power output that the reference and / or consumption power of the household power grid is fully covered, whereby the first and second feed-in power output on one power output is the maximum legally permitted feed-in power of electrical power into a household power grid, Germany is currently a maximum of 600W.

[0021] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the generated power is generated by a photovoltaic unit. The plug-in solar device comprises one or more photovoltaic modules connected in series and / or parallel as a photovoltaic unit.

[0022] In a further embodiment of the invention, the power from the power storage unit is fed into the household power grid via an inverter. The amount of power fed in depends on the measured power consumption and / or consumption. Based on the measured power consumption and / or consumption of the household power grid, such power is delivered to the inverter as direct current that the power consumption and / or consumption of the household power grid is fully covered. The inverters convert the direct current from the power storage unit into alternating current (230V in Germany). The alternating current is fed into the standard household power grid socket via a connector plug connected to an inverter.

[0023] In a further development of the invention, the current reference and / or consumption power is measured using a power measuring unit. In a further embodiment of the invention, the power measuring unit comprises multiple power measuring devices. Each of the power measuring devices is optionally arranged at a different location in a household power grid. This enables the continuous recording of the power consumption and / or the total power demand at adjustable time intervals of each household power grid. The power measuring device continuously measures the flowing electrical current and its electrical voltage in a household power grid and uses this to determine the electrical power present in each. The power measuring device is designed, for example, as a Rogowski coil, clamp ammeter, induction clamp, or an equivalent device.

[0024] In a further embodiment of the invention, the power measuring unit is connected and / or coupled to a household power grid in such a way that the total power consumption of a household and / or the total power demand of a household can be recorded using a power measuring device of the power measuring unit. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the power measuring device is arranged on an electricity meter and / or between the electricity meter and a fuse of the household power grid for recording the power consumption and / or the power demand of a household power grid. This enables the continuous recording of the power consumption and / or the total power demand at adjustable time intervals. Optionally, the electrical power consumed in the household grid can be determined using the power measuring device via an interface of the electricity meter.This has the advantage that the electrical power consumption is determined using a pre-calibrated meter. In an optional embodiment of the invention, the power measurement unit comprises two or more power meters. This arrangement of the power measurement unit does not require installation of the power meter by specialists and can therefore be carried out easily and reliably by a single user.

[0025] In a further embodiment of the invention, the maximum output power eP of the inverter is five times lower than the peak power pvP of the photovoltaic unit. The inverter has a maximum output power eP of electrical power into a household power grid that is legally permitted for plug-in solar devices. In Germany, the legally permitted maximum output power eP is currently 600W. In a further embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic unit has a peak power pvP with pvP > 4000W, preferably with pvP > 6000W, and particularly preferably with pvP > 8000W.This ensures that even on days with less solar radiation, sufficient electrical power can be generated by the photovoltaic unit to charge a battery (accumulator) optionally connected to the photovoltaic unit to such an extent that the electrical power stored in the battery is largely sufficient to cover the entire electricity consumption and / or the complete electricity demand of the households at times of day in which the electrical power generated by the photovoltaic unit is not sufficient to cover the consumption of the consumer connected to the household electricity grid.

[0026] In a further embodiment of the invention, the connection plug is suitable for establishing a direct connection to a household power supply via a standard household socket. In a further development of the invention, the connection plug is a plug from the group of plug type A (NEMA 1-15, 2-pin), plug type B (NEMA 5-15, 3-pin), plug type C (CEE 7 / 16) “Euro plug”, plug type C (CEE 7 / 17) “contour plug”, plug type D (BS 546, 5 A), plug type E (CEE 7 / 5), plug type F (CEE 7 / 4) “Schuko plug”, plug type E+F (CEE 7 / 7), plug type G (BS 1363) “Commonwealth plug”, plug type H (SI-32), plug type I (AS 3112), plug type J (SN 441011), plug type K (DS 60884-2-D1), plug type L (CEI 23-50), plug type M (BS 546, 15 A), type N plug (IEC 60906-1) and / or Wieland plug. Therefore, the connection of the plug-in solar device according to the invention does not require installation by specialists and can be carried out easily and reliably by a single user.

[0027] In an advantageous aspect of the invention, the plug-in solar device includes a power storage unit. The power storage unit is rechargeable and comprises, for example, a commercially available, durable, and inexpensive lithium phosphate battery. The power storage unit is connected to the photovoltaic unit and the inverter via a power line.

[0028] In a further development of the invention, the power storage unit has a power storage device with a storage capacity C with C > 5kWh, preferably with C > 7.5kWh and particularly preferably with C > 10kWh. Ideally, the power storage unit has a power storage device with such a capacity that the entire power consumption and / or the complete power requirement of all connected households is covered during times when the power storage unit is not being charged by the photovoltaic unit (e.g. at night) or when the charging of the power storage unit by the photovoltaic unit is less than the withdrawal from the power storage unit (e.g. cloud cover).

[0029] In a further embodiment of the invention, the power storage unit has a controller, which controls the electrical power that can be delivered by the power storage unit. The controller regulates how much of the electrical power generated by the photovoltaic unit is stored in the power storage unit and / or optionally delivered to the inverter. Furthermore, the controller regulates the electrical power delivered by the power storage unit to the inverter.

[0030] In a further embodiment of the invention, the power storage unit comprises a converter, which converts the current intensity of the power output by the power storage unit. Optionally, the converter also converts the current intensity of the electrical power generated by the photovoltaic unit. The use of the converter ensures that the current intensity of the power output by the power storage unit does not exceed the permissible current intensity of the inverter, thus preventing damage to the inverter.

[0031] In a further embodiment of the invention, the electrical power fed into the household power grid by the plug-in solar device is controlled by a control unit. By means of the control unit, the feed-in of electrical power eP into the household power grid from the power storage unit is regulated depending on the consumption of electrical power vP of the household power grid, which is determined by means of the power output measuring unit. The electrical power eP is adapted to the consumption of the electrical power vP of each household power grid, i.e. only as much electrical power eP is fed from the battery into each household power grid as is actually consumed. The control unit is preferably optionally embodied as an app on a device (e.g. smartphone, tablet, personal computer), preferably in a mobile manner.

[0032] In a further embodiment of the invention, the control unit is coupled to the power measurement unit and / or the power measurement device, wherein the data acquired by the power measurement unit and / or the power measurement device can be further processed by the control unit. In a further embodiment of the invention, the control unit is coupled to the power storage unit, wherein the power output from the power storage unit can be controlled by the control unit. The components of the plug-in solar device connected to the control unit (photovoltaic unit, power storage unit with converter and controller, power measurement unit) can optionally be controlled wirelessly (e.g., WiFi, Bluetooth, IP connection). The electrical power eP is adaptable to the consumption of the electrical power vP of each household power grid, i.e.The maximum amount of electrical power eP fed into a household electricity network from the power storage unit is only as much as is actually consumed.

[0033] In a further embodiment of the invention, the plug-in solar device is controlled by multiple controllers of the control unit of the plug-in solar device. Optionally, the control unit has a plurality of controllers, each controller coupled to a respective power measurement unit and / or power meter. Each power measurement unit and / or power meter records the total power consumption and / or power demand of each household connected to the plug-in solar device. Therefore, the individual controllers control the power fed into each household's power grid by the plug-in solar device for each household.

[0034] In a further development of the invention, one of the controllers is a master controller, which regulates the distribution of the power stored in the power storage device to the individual household power grids. In a further development of the invention, several controllers are slave controllers, which determine the power demand and / or power consumption using the power meters coupled to the slave controllers.

[0035] This object is also achieved by means of a plug-in solar device for feeding electrical power into multiple household power grids. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are set forth in the subclaims.

[0036] The plug-in solar device according to the invention for feeding electrical power into several household power grids comprises a photovoltaic unit (PV unit), a power storage unit, several inverters, several connection plugs, several power measuring units and a control unit.

[0037] A plug-in solar device, as defined by the invention, is a power plant that converts primary energy into electrical energy. In a plug-in solar device, the primary energy source is the sun; the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun is directly converted into direct current by the photovoltaic unit. Plug-in solar devices are systems that are offered to the user pre-assembled and ready for use. The direct current generated by the photovoltaic unit is converted into alternating current by means of the inverter.

[0038] The plug-in solar device is connected to a power outlet and can therefore be installed by the user into a household power grid without the need for specialist installation. Inverters also limit the amount of electrical power fed into a single household power grid (currently a maximum of 600 W in Germany). A household power grid connected to the plug-in solar device is equipped with an inverter.

[0039] Plug-in solar devices can be set up or installed without major technical effort on balconies, flat roofs, gardens, and other locations with suitable sunlight and an available power outlet. This technology derives its name from the direct feed-in of photovoltaic power into household power grids using plug-in devices. A plug-in solar device features the components mentioned above, which can be used to feed electrical power into household power grids. These components are suitable, for example, for a balcony.

[0040] A household power grid is a power grid within, for example, a residential building, whose electrical cables are designed in such a way that (in Germany) alternating electrical current with a maximum alternating voltage of 230 V and a maximum current of 16 A (limited by suitable fuses) can flow in the power grid and be supplied to electrically operated devices.

[0041] Using the power meter, the total power consumption and / or the complete power demand of a household can be determined at any time. The power meter is installed at a fuse box or, optionally, at an input from the public power grid to the household power grid and continuously records the total power consumption and / or the complete power demand of the household power grid to which the power meter is connected at adjustable time intervals.

[0042] The power storage unit is rechargeable and includes, for example, a commercially available lithium phosphate battery, which is available, durable, and inexpensive. The power storage unit is connected to the photovoltaic unit and the inverter via power lines.

[0043] The control system regulates the feed-in of electrical power eP from the power storage unit into the household power grids depending on the electrical power consumption vP of each household power grid, which can be determined using the power measurement unit. The electrical power eP can be adjusted to the electrical power consumption vP of each household power grid, meaning that only as much electrical power eP is fed from the battery into each household power grid as is actually consumed.

[0044] In a further embodiment of the invention, the controller is coupled to one of the power meters, wherein the data recorded by the power meters can be further processed by the controller. In a further configuration of the invention, the controller is coupled to the power storage unit, wherein the power output from the power storage unit can be controlled by the controller. The components of the plug-in solar device connected to the controller (photovoltaic unit, power storage unit with converter and controller, power meters) can optionally be controlled wirelessly (e.g. WiFi, Bluetooth, IP connection). The electrical power eP can be adapted to the consumption of the electrical power vP of each household power grid, i.e. the maximum electrical power eP fed into each household power grid from the power storage unit is only as much as is actually consumed.

[0045] In a further development of the invention, the control unit of the plug-in solar device has several controls.

[0046] In another aspect of the connection, one controller is the master controller and multiple controllers are the slave controllers.

[0047] In a further embodiment of the invention, the slave controllers are coupled to the power measurement units and the master controller, and the master controller is coupled to the power storage unit and the slave controllers.

[0048] In a further embodiment of the invention, the power measurement units are designed and suitable for determining the total power consumption and / or the complete power demand of a household. For this purpose, the power measurement unit is optionally located at an input of the public power grid of each household power grid or at the main fuse of the household power grid and continuously records the power consumption and / or the complete power demand of a household power grid at adjustable time intervals.

[0049] In a further development of the invention, the power measurement unit comprises a power meter. The power meter continuously measures the flowing electrical current and its voltage in a household power grid and uses this to determine the electrical power present in the household power grid. The power meter is designed, for example, as a Rogowski coil, clamp ammeter, induction clamp, or a similar device.

[0050] In a further embodiment of the invention, the power measurement unit comprises multiple power meters. Each of the power meters is optionally located at a different location in the household power grid. This allows for the continuous recording of power consumption and / or the total power demand at adjustable time intervals of each household power grid.

[0051] In a further embodiment of the invention, a power meter can be coupled to a household power grid in such a way that the total power consumption of a household and / or the total power demand of a household can be recorded using a power meter of the power measuring unit. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the power meter is arranged on an electricity meter and / or between the electricity meter and a fuse of the household power grid to record the power consumption and / or the power demand of the household power grid. This enables the continuous recording of the power consumption and / or the total power demand at adjustable time intervals.The placement of the power meter via an electricity meter interface in the household grid eliminates the need for specialist installation and can therefore be performed easily and reliably by a single user. Optionally, a power meter can be placed between the electricity meter and a household power circuit breaker. This allows the electrical power consumed in the household power grid to be determined. This has the advantage that the electrical power consumption is determined using a pre-calibrated meter.

[0052] In a further embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic unit has a peak power pvP with pvP > 3000 W, preferably with pvP > 4000 W and particularly preferably with pvP > 5000 W. This ensures that even on days with less solar radiation, sufficient electrical power can be generated by the photovoltaic unit to charge an optionally connected power storage unit to such an extent that the electrical power stored in the power storage unit is largely sufficient to cover the entire power consumption and / or the complete power requirement of the household at times of day in which the electrical power generated by the photovoltaic unit is not sufficient to cover the consumption of the consumer connected to the household power grid.

[0053] In a further embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic unit comprises multiple PV modules. The photovoltaic unit can therefore be optionally expanded with any number of PV modules. The only prerequisite is the technical specifications of the connected PV modules, which must comply with the minimum requirements of this invention.

[0054] In a further embodiment of the invention, the inverters each have an output power eP of eP < 1800 W, preferably eP < 800 W, particularly preferably eP < 600 W. The inverters each have a maximum output power eP of electrical power into a household power grid that is legally permitted for plug-in solar devices. In Germany, the legally permitted maximum output power eP is currently 600 W.

[0055] In a further embodiment of the invention, the connecting plugs are suitable for establishing a direct connection to several household power networks via a standard household socket. In a further development of the invention, the connection plug is a plug from the group of plug type A (NEMA 1-15, 2-pin), plug type B (NEMA 5-15, 3-pin), plug type C (CEE 7 / 16) “Euro plug”, plug type C (CEE 7 / 17) “contour plug”, plug type D (BS 546, 5 A), plug type E (CEE 7 / 5), plug type F (CEE 7 / 4) “Schuko plug”, plug type E+F (CEE 7 / 7), plug type G (BS 1363) “Commonwealth plug”, plug type H (SI-32), plug type I (AS 3112), plug type J (SN 441011), plug type K (DS 60884-2-D1), plug type L (CEI 23-50), plug type M (BS 546, 15 A), type N plug (IEC 60906-1) and / or Wieland plug. Therefore, the connection of the plug-in solar device according to the invention does not require installation by specialists and can be carried out easily and reliably by a single user.

[0056] In an advantageous aspect of the invention, the plug-in solar device has a power storage unit. The power storage unit is rechargeable and comprises, for example, a commercially available lithium iron phosphate battery, which is available, durable, and inexpensive. The power storage unit is connected to the photovoltaic unit and the inverters via a power line.

[0057] In a further development of the invention, the power storage unit has a power storage device with a storage capacity C with C > 5 kWh, preferably with C > 7.5 kWh and particularly preferably with C > 10 kWh. Ideally, the power storage unit has a power storage device with such a capacity that the entire power consumption and / or the entire power requirement of each household is covered during times when the power storage unit is not being charged by the photovoltaic unit (e.g. at night) or when the charging of the power storage unit by the photovoltaic unit is less than the withdrawal from the power storage unit (e.g. cloud cover).

[0058] In a further embodiment of the invention, the power storage unit has a controller, which can be used to regulate the electrical power delivered by the power storage unit. The controller optionally regulates how much of the electrical power generated by the photovoltaic unit is stored in the battery and / or optionally delivered to the inverter. In a further embodiment of the invention, the controller regulates the electrical power delivered by the power storage unit to the inverter. Optionally, the controller can also be arranged on or in the control system.

[0059] In a further embodiment of the invention, the power storage unit has a converter, which can convert the current intensity of the power output by the power storage unit. Optionally, the converter can also convert the current intensity of the electrical power generated by the photovoltaic unit. The use of the converter ensures that the current intensity of the power output by the power storage unit does not exceed the permissible current intensity of the inverter, thus preventing damage to the inverter.

[0060] Embodiments of the plug-in solar device according to the invention and of the method according to the invention for operating a plug-in solar device are shown in a simplified schematic manner in the drawings and are explained in more detail in the following description.

[0061] They show: Fig. 1: Plug-in solar device, a photovoltaic unit Fig. 2: Plug-in solar device, three photovoltaic units Fig. 3: Plug-in solar device, three photovoltaic units, one master controller, three slave controllers Fig. 4: Plug-in solar device, three photovoltaic units, one master control Fig. 5: Plug-in solar device, three photovoltaic units, one master controller, three slave controllers, power measurement units connected to slave controllers Fig. 6 a: Example of the wiring of a current power measuring unit Fig. 6 b: Another embodiment of the wiring of a power measuring unit

[0062] Fig. Figure 1 schematically shows the structure and interconnection of the plug-in solar device 1 according to the invention. In this and all other exemplary embodiments, the plug-in solar device 1 is configured to feed electrical power into three household power grids simultaneously. Each household power grid therefore has a standard household socket 100.1, 100.2, 100.3, via which electrical power can be fed in by the plug-in solar device 1. However, it is possible according to the invention to feed electrical power into any number of household power grids simultaneously using the plug-in solar device 1 according to the invention. Each of the household power grids then analogously has a standard household socket via which electrical power can be fed in by the plug-in solar device 1.

[0063] The plug-in solar device 1 has the photovoltaic unit 10, which has a plurality of PV modules. The photovoltaic unit 10 is connected via a DC power line to the power storage unit 60, which has a rechargeable power storage device. The power storage device has a storage capacity C of 15 kWh; in further embodiments, the power storage device has a storage capacity C of 5 kWh, preferably with C > 7.5 kWh and particularly preferably with C > 10 kWh. By arranging additional power storage units 60, the storage capacity C can be selected as desired. The rechargeable power storage device is a lithium iron phosphate battery, but other embodiments are also possible, e.g., a lead-acid battery.

[0064] The controller 50 is permanently arranged in the DC conductor between the power storage unit 60 and the inverters 20.1, 20.2, 20.3. The inverters 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 each have the maximum permitted output power eP of electrical power into a household power grid, optionally eP < 1800W, preferably eP < 800W, particularly preferably eP < 600W. In Germany, the currently permitted maximum output power eP is 600W; in all illustrated embodiments, the maximum output power eP of an inverter 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 is therefore 600W. Each inverter 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 is connected via the AC power line to a connector plug 30.1, 30.2, 30.3, which can be connected to a standard household socket 100.1, 100.2, 100.3.

[0065] The connection plugs 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 are each plugs from the group plug type A (NEMA 1-15, 2-pin), plug type B (NEMA 5-15, 3-pin), plug type C (CEE 7 / 16) "Europlug", plug type C (CEE 7 / 17) "contour plug", plug type D (BS 546, 5 A), plug type E (CEE 7 / 5), plug type F (CEE 7 / 4) "Schuko plug", plug type E+F (CEE 7 / 7), plug type G (BS 1363) "Commonwealth plug", plug type H (SI-32), plug type I (AS 3112), plug type J (SN 441011), plug type K (DS 60884-2-D1), plug type L (CEI 23-50), plug type M (BS 546, 15 A), plug type N (IEC 60906-1), and / or Wieland plugs. In this and all other embodiments, the connecting plugs 30.1, 30.2, and 30.3 are plug type F (CEE 7 / 4) "Schuko plugs," with which the electrical power generated by the plug-in solar device 1 can be fed into a household power grid via a standard household socket 100.1, 100.2, and 100.3.

[0066] In addition to the power storage unit 60, the power storage unit 60 includes a regulator connected to the controller 50 and controlled by the controller 50. The regulator regulates the electrical power delivered by the power storage unit 60 to the inverters 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, and the amount of electrical power generated by the photovoltaic unit 10 stored in the power storage unit 60 and / or optionally delivered to the inverters 20.1, 20.2, 20.3.

[0067] A converter arranged on the power storage unit 60 converts the current intensity of the power output by the power storage unit 60 such that the permissible current intensity of each inverter 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 is not exceeded. This prevents damage to the inverters 20.1, 20.2, 20.3.

[0068] The controller 50 is connected to three power measuring units 40.1, 40.2, 40.3, each of which is suitable for fully measuring the reference and / or consumption power of a respective household power grid. In this exemplary embodiment, each power measuring unit 40.1, 40.2, 40.3 has two power measuring devices. One power measuring device measures the electrical voltage of the household power grid, and the second power measuring device measures the electrical current of the household power grid. From this, the power measuring unit 40.1, 40.2, 40.3 determines the current reference and / or consumption power of the respective household power grid.

[0069] The process for feeding electrical power into the three household power grids can be controlled by means of the controller 50. The PV module of the photovoltaic unit 10 generates electrical power. The peak power pvP of the photovoltaic unit 10 is optionally selected such that the peak power pvP of the photovoltaic unit 10 is higher than the sum of the maximum permitted feed-in power (currently 600 W per household power grid in Germany) of electrical power into the household power grids. Ideally, the peak power pvP of the photovoltaic unit 10 is optionally a multiple of the maximum permitted feed-in power, e.g., double or triple the feed-in power. The photovoltaic unit 10 has a peak power pvP with pvP > 4000 W, preferably with pvP > 6000 W, and particularly preferably with pvP > 8000 W; in this exemplary embodiment, the photovoltaic unit 10 has a peak power pvP = 8500 W.

[0070] The electrical power generated by the photovoltaic unit 10 is stored as direct current (DC) in the power storage unit 60. The generated electrical power is optionally stored until the power storage unit 60 is fully charged.

[0071] During operation of the plug-in solar device 1, the power measurement unit 40.1, 40.2, 40.3 uses the power measurement devices to record the current and complete power drawn and / or consumed from each household power grid. The recording of the complete power drawn and / or consumed is performed continuously at 1-second intervals. This current and complete recorded power drawn and / or consumed is also transmitted to the controller 50 at 1-second intervals.

[0072] Based on the recorded reference and / or consumption power of the household power grid, the controller 50 regulates the power storage unit 60 via a DC / DC regulator such that the power storage unit 60 delivers such power as direct current (DC) to the inverters 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 that the reference and / or consumption power of each household power grid is fully covered at a rate of 1 second. Typically, the reference and / or consumption power of the individual household power grids differ from one another. The controller 50 therefore also regulates the power fed into the household power grids differently such that the reference and / or consumption power of each household power grid is fully covered.The first feed-in power is less than or equal to the electricity consumption and / or consumption power of the first household and greater than or equal to 0.9 x the electricity consumption and / or consumption power of the first household, and the second feed-in power is less than or equal to the electricity consumption and / or consumption power of the second household and greater than or equal to 0.9 x the electricity consumption and / or consumption power of the second household.

[0073] The inverters 20.1, 20.2, and 20.3 convert the direct current (DC) of the power storage unit 60 into alternating current (AC) (230V in Germany). The electrical power generated by the plug-in solar device 1 is fed into the household power grid via a standard household socket 100.1, 100.2, and 100.3 via the connector plugs 30.1, 30.2, and 30 connected to the respective inverters 20.1, 20.2, and 20.3. In other embodiments, the cycle time can also be, for example, 0.5 seconds, 2 seconds, or even 2.5 seconds. In any case, the cycle time remains less than or equal to 3 seconds.

[0074] The controller 50 regulates the first feed-in power to be less than or equal to the reference and / or consumption power of the first household and greater than or equal to 0.9 x the reference and / or consumption power of the first household and the second feed-in power to be less than or equal to the reference and / or consumption power of the second household and greater than or equal to 0.9 x the reference and / or consumption power of the second household.

[0075] In addition to the power storage unit, the power storage unit 60 has a regulator connected to the controller 50. The regulator, controlled by the controller 50, regulates how much of the electrical power generated by the photovoltaic unit 10 is stored in the power storage unit 60 and / or optionally delivered to the inverters 20.1, 20.2, 20.3. The controller 50 also has a converter. The controller 50 controls the converter such that the current intensity of the electrical power delivered by the power storage unit 60 does not exceed the permissible current intensity of the individual inverters 20.1, 20.2, 20.3. This prevents damage to the inverters 20.1, 20.2, 20.3.

[0076] The feed-in of electrical power from the power storage unit 60 is limited by two factors: firstly, by the maximum output power eP of the individual inverters 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 (here 600W each), and secondly, by the charge state of the power storage unit 60. If the recorded reference and / or consumption power of one of the household power grids exceeds the maximum output power eP of the inverter 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 connected to the household power grid, the fed-in electrical power is limited to the maximum output power eP of the respective inverter 20.1, 20.2, 20.3. In this and all other embodiments, a maximum of 600W of electrical power is fed into a household power grid. The feed-in of electrical power from the power storage unit 60 only occurs when the power storage unit 60 is sufficiently charged.If the power storage unit 60 is not charged or is only charged to the extent that further power consumption could cause damage to the power storage unit 60 (e.g., due to deep discharge), no power is fed in from the power storage unit 60. The controller 50, which is connected to the power storage unit 60, detects this and regulates the power output accordingly. In other versions, the maximum output power eP of the inverter 20 can also be 800W, 1000W, or even 1800W.

[0077] The power storage unit 60 further comprises a bypass power line through which a power output from the photovoltaic unit 10 can be passed via the charge controller 62 past the power storage unit 61 directly to one or all of the inverters 20.1, 20.2, 20.3.

[0078] This ensures that electrical energy is fed from the power storage unit 60 into the household power grid as long as the power storage unit 60 has electrical energy available. By appropriately selecting the peak power of the photovoltaic unit 10 (pvP = 6000W), it is ensured that the power storage unit 60 is constantly charged during the sunny hours of the day and thus also supplies electrical power eP to the household power grid during the sunless hours of the day (e.g. at night, cloudy skies, etc.). The electrical power eP is adapted to the consumption of the electrical power vP of each household power grid, i.e. the maximum amount of electrical power eP fed into a household power grid from the power storage unit 60 is only as much as is actually consumed.This ensures that the demand for electrical power vP of the individual household electricity grid is covered, while at the same time as little electrical power as possible is fed from the public electricity grid into the household electricity grids.

[0079] A variant of the plug-in solar device 1 shows Fig. 2. The plug-in solar device 1 shown here corresponds to the plug-in solar device 1 shown in the previous embodiment (see Fig. 1), only in this exemplary embodiment, the plug-in solar device 1 has three photovoltaic units 10.1, 10.2, 10.3. The photovoltaic units 10.1, 10.2, 10.3 are arranged at different locations, e.g., on a roof, a balcony, or at ground level. The number of photovoltaic units of the plug-in solar device 1 can be expanded as desired according to the invention, as can the number and power of the individual PV modules of a photovoltaic unit. The photovoltaic units can therefore be arranged flexibly. In this exemplary embodiment, the three photovoltaic units 10.1, 10.2, 10.3 together have a peak power pvP = 8500W.

[0080] The three photovoltaic units 10.1, 10.2, 10.3 are connected in parallel and feed the generated electrical power as direct current (DC) into the power storage unit 60. The method for feeding electrical power into the household power grid is the same as in the previous embodiment (see Fig. 1) presented procedures.

[0081] Fig. 3 shows a further variant of the plug-in solar device 1 according to the invention. The plug-in solar device 1 shown here corresponds to the plug-in solar device 1 shown in the previous embodiment (see Fig. 2), but has a total of four controllers 50, 50.1, 50.2, 50.3. The master controller 50 is connected, as before, to the power measurement units 40.1, 40.2, 40.3, the power storage unit 60, and additionally to the three slave controllers 50.1, 50.2, 50.3. The slave controllers 50.1, 50.2, 50.3 are also connected to the inverters 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, with each slave controller 50.1, 50.2, 50.3 being connected to one inverter 20.1, 20.2, 20.3.

[0082] During operation of the plug-in solar device 1, the power measurement units 40.1, 40.2, 40.3 record the current and complete reference and / or consumption power of each household power grid. This current and complete recorded reference and / or consumption power of a household power grid is transmitted to the master controller 50. The master controller 50 processes this recorded data and controls the power storage unit 60 such that the power storage unit 60 outputs a power output as direct current (DC) such that the reference and / or consumption power of all household power grids is covered.

[0083] Based on the current and fully recorded power consumption and / or consumption of each household power grid, the master controller 50 generates control commands for the individual slave controllers 50.1, 50.2, 50.3, which are then sent to the individual slave controllers 50.1, 50.2, 50.3. Based on the control commands received from the master controller 50, each individual slave controller 50.1, 50.2, 50.3 regulates the power delivered by the power storage unit 60 to the individual household power grids in such a way that the power consumption and / or consumption of each household power grid is fully covered. The inverters 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 convert the direct current DC of the power storage unit 60 into an alternating current AC. The electrical power generated by the plug-in solar device 1 is fed into a standard household socket 100.1, 100.2, 100.3 via the connection plug 30.1, 30.2, 30 connected to the respective inverter 20.1, 20.2, 20.3.3 fed into the household electricity grid.

[0084] A further variant of the plug-in solar device 1 according to the invention shows Fig. 4. The plug-in solar device 1 shown here corresponds to the plug-in solar device 1 shown in the previous embodiment (see Fig. 2), but in addition to three photovoltaic units 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, it also has three power storage units 60.1, 60.2, 60.3. Each photovoltaic unit 10.1, 10.2, 10.3 is connected to a power storage unit 60.1, 60.2, 60.3, and the three power storage units 60.1, 60.2, 60.3 are each connected to the master controller 50. The power storage units 60.1, 60.2, 60.3 together have a storage capacity C of 15 kWh and can be arranged at different locations. By arranging additional power storage units 60 and connecting them to the master controller, the storage capacity C can be selected as desired. The method for feeding electrical power into the household power network is the same as in the previous embodiment (see Fig. 3) presented procedures.

[0085] Fig. 5 shows a further variant of the plug-in solar device 1 according to the invention. The plug-in solar device 1 shown here corresponds to the plug-in solar device 1 shown in the previous embodiment (see Fig. 4). In this embodiment, the slave controllers 50.1, 50.2, 50.3 are connected to the power measurement units 40.1, 40.2, 40.3, with each slave controller 50.1, 50.2, 50.3 being connected to each power measurement unit 40.1, 40.2, 40.3.

[0086] During operation of the plug-in solar device 1, in contrast to the Fig. 3 shown embodiment (see Fig. 3) The power measurement units 40.1, 40.2, 40.3 measure the current and total power consumption and / or demand of each household power grid. The master controller 50 controls the distribution of the power stored in the power storage unit 60 to the individual household power grids. The slave controllers determine the total power demand and / or total power consumption using the power measurement units 40.1, 40.2, 40.3 coupled to the slave controllers 50.1, 50.2, 50.3.

[0087] Fig. 6 shows exemplary embodiments of the arrangement of a power measuring unit 40. The power measuring unit 40 has one or a plurality of power measuring devices. The power measuring unit 40 can be arranged to record the power consumption and / or the power demand of a household power grid at an electricity meter 101 or in the line between the electricity meter 101 and the standard household socket 100 of the household power grid, via which electrical power is fed into the household power grid by the plug-in solar device 1 according to the invention ( Fig. 6 a). The electricity meter 101 typically has an interface for this purpose. The arrangement of the power measurement unit 40 via an interface of the electricity meter 101 in the household network does not require installation of the power measurement unit 40 by specialists and can therefore also be carried out easily and reliably by a user.

[0088] Alternatively, the power measurement unit 40 can be arranged between the electricity meter 101 and the fuse 102 of the individual household power grids. This allows the electrical power consumed in the household grid to be determined. This has the advantage that the electrical power consumption is determined using a pre-calibrated meter. LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS 1 plug-in solar device 10, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3 Photovoltaic unit 20, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 Inverters 30, 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 connector plug 40, 40.1, 40.2, 40.3 Current power measuring unit 50 Control / Master Control 50.1, 50.2, 50.3 Slave control 60, 60.1, 60.2, 60.3 Power storage unit 100, 100.1, 100.2, connection of the household power grid / standard household socket 100.3 101 Electricity meters of the household electricity network 102 Securing the household electricity network AC alternating current DC direct current QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] CN 216215920 U

[0005]

Claims

[1] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power grids, comprising the method steps • Generating electrical power, • Storing the generated power in a power storage unit (60), • Determining a reference and / or consumption power for several household electricity networks and • Feeding a first feed-in power into a first household power grid and a second feed-in power into a second household power grid. [2] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to claim 1, characterized by that the first feed-in power into the first household electricity network is different from the second feed-in power into the second household electricity network. [3] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that the first feed-in power and the second feed-in power are limited in quantity. [4] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to claim 3, characterized by that the first feed-in current power and the second feed-in current power are less than 1800W, preferably less than or equal to 800W and particularly preferably less than or equal to 600W. [5] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power grids according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the amount of electricity fed in depends on the measured electricity consumption and / or power consumption. [6] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to claim 5, characterized by that the first feed-in power is less than or equal to the electricity consumption and / or consumption power of the first household and greater than or equal to 0.9 x the electricity consumption and / or consumption power of the first household and the second feed-in power is less than or equal to the electricity consumption and / or consumption power of the second household and greater than or equal to 0.9 x the electricity consumption and / or consumption power of the second household. [7] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the generated electrical power is generated by means of a photovoltaic unit (10). [8] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power grids according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the power output from the power storage unit (60) is fed into the household power grids via an inverter (20). [9] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the current reference and / or consumption power is measured with a power measuring unit (40). [10] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power grids according to claim 9, characterized by that the current power measuring unit (40) has several current power measuring devices. [11] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the electricity meter is arranged in the household electricity networks and / or coupled to the household electricity network in such a way that it determines the total electricity consumption and / or the total electricity demand of the household. [12] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to claim 11, characterized by that the power measuring devices are arranged on an electricity meter (101) and / or between the electricity meter (101) and a fuse (102) of the household power network for recording the power consumption and / or the power demand of the household power networks. [13] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the maximum output power eP of the inverter (20) is 5 times lower than the peak power pvP of the photovoltaic unit (10). [14] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the photovoltaic unit (10) has a peak power pvP with pvP > 4000W, preferably with pvP > 6000W and particularly preferably with pvP > 8000W. [15] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the connecting plug (30, 30.1, 30.2, 30.3) for connecting the plug-in solar device (1) to a household power grid is suitable for establishing a direct connection to a household power grid via a standard household socket (100, 100.1, 100.2, 100.3). [16] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to claim 15, characterized bythat the connecting plugs (30, 30.1, 30.2, 30.3) are plugs from the group plug type A (NEMA 1-15, 2-pin), plug type B (NEMA 5-15, 3-pin), plug type C (CEE 7 / 16) "Europlug", plug type C (CEE 7 / 17) "contour plug", plug type D (BS 546, 5 A), plug type E (CEE 7 / 5), plug type F (CEE 7 / 4) "Schuko plug", plug type E+F (CEE 7 / 7), plug type G (BS 1363) "Commonwealth plug", plug type H (SI-32), plug type I (AS 3112), plug type J (SN 441011), plug type K (DS 60884-2-D1), Plug type L (CEI 23-50), plug type M (BS 546, 15 A), plug type N (IEC 60906-1) and / or Wieland plug. [17] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the power storage unit (60) has a power storage device with a storage capacity C with C > 5kWh, preferably with C > 7.5kWh and particularly preferably with C > 10kWh. [18] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power grids according to claim 17, characterized by , that the power storage unit (60) has a regulator, wherein the controller regulates the electrical power that can be delivered by the power storage unit (60). [19] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to claim 17 or 18, characterized by , that the power storage unit (60) comprises a converter, wherein the converter converts the current intensity of the power output by the power storage unit (60). [20] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power grids according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the power fed into the household power grid by the plug-in solar device (1) is controlled by a controller (50). [21] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to claim 20, characterized by , that the controller (50) is coupled to a power meter, wherein the controller (50) further processes the data acquired by the power meter. [22] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to claim 20 or 21, characterized by , that the controller (50) is coupled to the power storage unit (60), wherein the controller (50) controls the power output from the power storage unit (60). [23] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power grids according to one or more of the preceding claims characterized by that the plug-in solar device (1) is controlled by several controls (50, 50.1, 50.2, 50.3) of the control (50) of the plug-in solar device (1). [24] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power grids according to claim 23, characterized by that one of the controllers (50, 50.1, 50.2, 50.3) is a master controller (50) which regulates the distribution of the power stored in the power storage unit (60) to the individual household power grids. [25] Method for operating a plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to claim 24, characterized by that several controllers (50.1, 50.2, 50.3) are the slave controllers which determine the power demand and / or power consumption using the power measuring devices coupled to the slave controllers (50.1, 50.2, 50.3). [26] Plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power grids with • a photovoltaic unit (10), • a power storage unit (60), • several inverters (20, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3), • several connectors (30, 30.1, 30.2, 30.3), • several power measurement units (40, 40.1, 40.2, 40.3) and • a controller (50). [27] Plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to claim 26, characterized by , that the controller (50) is coupled to one of the power measuring units (40, 40.1, 40.2, 40.3), wherein the data acquired by the power measuring unit (40, 40.1, 40.2, 40.3) can be further processed by the controller (50). [28] Plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to claim 26 or 27, characterized by , that the controller (50) is coupled to the power storage unit (60), wherein the power output by the power storage unit (60) can be controlled by the controller (50). [29] Plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to one or more of claims 26 to 28, characterized by that the control (50) of the plug-in solar device (1) has several controls (50, 50.1, 50.2, 50.3). [30] Plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to claim 29, characterized by that one controller (50) is the master controller and several controllers (50.1, 50.2, 50.3) are the slave controllers. [31] Plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to claim 30, characterized by that the slave controllers (50.1, 50.2, 50.3) are coupled to the power measurement units (40, 40.1, 40.2, 40.3) and the master controller (50) and the master controller (50) is coupled to the power storage unit (60) and the slave controllers (50.1, 50.2, 50.3). [32] Plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to one or more of claims 26 to 31, characterized bythat the power measuring units (40, 40.1, 40.2, 40.3) are intended and suitable for determining the total power consumption and / or the complete power requirement of a household. [33] Plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to claim 32, characterized by that a power measuring unit (40, 40.1, 40.2, 40.3) has a power measuring device. [34] Plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to claim 33, characterized by that the current power measuring unit (40, 40.1, 40.2, 40.3) has several current power measuring devices. [35] Plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to claim 33 or 34, characterized bythat a power meter can be coupled to a household power grid in such a way that the power meter of the power measuring unit (40, 40.1, 40.2, 40.3) can record the complete power consumption of the household and / or the complete power requirement of the household. [36] Plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to one or more of claims 33 to 35, characterized by that the power meter is arranged on an electricity meter (101) and / or between the electricity meter (101) and a fuse (102) of the household power network for recording the power consumption and / or the power requirement of the household power network. [37] Plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to one or more of claims 26 to 36, characterized bythat the photovoltaic unit (10) has a peak power pvP with pvP > 4000W, preferably with pvP > 6000W and particularly preferably with pvP > 8000W. [38] Plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to one or more of claims 26 to 37, characterized by that the photovoltaic unit (10) has several PV modules. [39] Plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to one or more of claims 26 to 38, characterized by that the inverters (20, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3) each have an output power eP with eP < 1000W, preferably eP < 800W, particularly preferably eP < 600W [40] Plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to one or more of claims 26 to 39, characterized bythat the connecting plugs (30, 30.1, 30.2, 30.3) are suitable for establishing a direct connection to several household power networks via a standard household socket (100, 100.1, 100.2, 100.3). [41] Plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to claim 40, characterized by that the connecting plugs (30, 30.1, 30.2, 30.3) are plugs from the group plug type A (NEMA 1-15, 2-pin), plug type B (NEMA 5-15, 3-pin), plug type C (CEE 7 / 16) "Europlug", plug type C (CEE 7 / 17) "contour plug", plug type D (BS 546, 5 A), plug type E (CEE 7 / 5), plug type F (CEE 7 / 4) "Schuko plug", plug type E+F (CEE 7 / 7), plug type G (BS 1363) "Commonwealth plug", plug type H (SI-32), plug type I (AS 3112), plug type J (SN 441011), plug type K (DS 60884-2-D1), Plug type L (CEI 23-50), plug type M (BS 546, 15 A), plug type N (IEC 60906-1) and / or Wieland plug. [42] Plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to one or more of claims 26 to 41, characterized by that the plug-in solar device (1) has a power storage unit (60). [43] Plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to claim 42, characterized by that the power storage unit (60) has a power storage device with a storage capacity C with C > 5 kWh, preferably with C > 7.5 kWh and particularly preferably with C > 10 kWh. [44] Plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to claim 42 or 43, characterized by , that the power storage unit (60) has a regulator, wherein the electrical power that can be delivered by the power storage unit (60) can be regulated by the controller. [45] Plug-in solar device (1) for feeding electrical power into several household power networks according to one or more of claims 42 to 44, characterized by , that the power storage unit (60) comprises a converter, wherein the current intensity of the power output by the power storage unit (60) can be converted by the converter.

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