Charging device for an electric vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a charging device (10) for an electric vehicle (30), comprising a DC voltage input (12) for electrical connection to at least one charging interface (22, 24) of the electric vehicle (30) and a DC voltage output (14) for connection to an electrical energy storage device (32) of the electric vehicle (30). Furthermore, the charging device (10) has a switchable connection device (16) via which the DC voltage input (12) and the DC voltage output (14) can be electrically connected to each other and which has several switching elements (16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16f, 16g, 16h). The charging device (10) also has a control device (18) for operating the several switching elements (16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16f, 16g, 16h).The control device (18) is configured to operate the several switching elements (16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16f) in a first switching position (S1) for charging the electrical energy storage device (32) using a first charging method, and to operate the several switching elements (16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16f) in a second switching position (S2) for charging the electrical energy storage device (32) using a second charging method.

Description

The invention relates to a charging device for an electric vehicle, to a method for producing a charging system having a charging device of the same kind, to a corresponding charging system and to a motor vehicle having a charging system of this kind.In the prior art, vehicles which can be driven in electrically at least partially by means of an electric motor are fundamentally known. The electrical energy required for this is generally provided by a traction battery of the vehicle, which is to be charged at regular intervals via a charging station external to the vehicle. For this purpose, an electrical charging connection is usually established between the vehicle and the charging station via a charging cable, wherein a charging plug attached to the charging cable is usually inserted into a corresponding charging socket on the motor vehicle.In this connection, various charging methods are known in the prior art, each with standardized plug-and-socket systems.The combined charging system (CCS) is standardized in IEC 62196 and is based in Europe (CCS2) on the type 2 plug which is defined in EN 62196-2. In addition to three phase or current contacts, the type 2 plug also has a ground contact (PE), a neutral conductor contact (N) and two signal transmission pins (CP and PP) for transmitting pulse-width-modulated signals. In the CCS, the above-mentioned type 2 plug is extended by two contacts (DC+ and DC-) for charging DC, and the IEC 62196 charging mode 4 is used in the CCS DC charging. In addition to the two direct current contacts, only the two signal transmission pins (CP and PP) and the ground contact (PE) of the actually seven contacts of the type 2 plug section are used.The combined charging system (CCS) for the American market (CCS1) is basically similar in structure, but it is not based on the type 2 but on the type 1 plug set in the SAE J1772. The type 1 plug is fundamentally similar to the type 2 plug due to the two communication pins, but is directed to single-phase charging. In the CCS1, the type 1 plug is extended by two contacts (DC+ and DC-) for charging direct current, wherein in the case of CCS direct current charging-in addition to the two direct current contacts-again only the two signal transmission pins (CP and PP) and the ground contact (PE) of the actually five contacts of the type 1 section are used. The communication protocol is identical to the European CCS2 system.The United States Market also discloses the North American Charging Standard (NACS) standardized in SAE J3400. Originally, this was used as a proprietary charging plug of Tesla vehicles in North America. The NACS system is designed for a current of up to 900 amperes and 1000 volts DC. Theoretically, 900 kW charging power is thus possible, wherein up to now generally a maximum of 500 amperes at a maximum of 500 volts is realized. The plug has two current contacts which can be used both for DC charging and for single-phase AC charging. In addition, a ground contact (PE) and two signal transmission pins (CP and PP) are present.The Megawatt Charging System (MCS) is a fast charging system, mainly for trucks. MCS is technically based on the CCS, but permits a maximum charging voltage of 1250 volts DC and a maximum charging current of 3000 amperes. The infrastructure-side system requirements are defined in IEC 61851-23-3. With regard to the plug connection, reference can be made to IEC TS 63379 and with regard to the system requirements on the vehicle side to ISO 5474-3. The plug has two direct current contacts (DC+ and DC-), one ground contact (PE), two CCS-compatible signal transmission pins (CP and PP) and two further communication contacts.The problem with the plurality of charging methods or charging standards is that the vehicles are generally configured only for one charging method and accordingly cannot use all available charging stations. Furthermore, the production of the vehicles is made more difficult, since separate components, such as contactor boxes, etc., must be used in each case for the respective charging methods.The object of the invention is to provide an improved solution for charging a motor vehicle, by means of which the disadvantages of the solutions known so far can preferably be avoided. It is preferably an object of the invention to provide a solution by means of which different charging methods or charging standards can be used in a simple manner.These objects can be achieved with the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments and applications of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims and are explained in more detail in the following description with partial reference to the figures.According to a first independent aspect of the present disclosure, a charging device for an electric vehicle, preferably an electric utility vehicle, is provided. The charging device is preferably used for installation in the electric vehicle, e.g. for installation in a high-voltage charging path of the electric vehicle.The charging device has a DC voltage input (e.g. having a plurality of DC input contacts) for electrically connecting to at least one charging interface (e.g. charging socket) of the electric vehicle. The at least one charging interface of the electric vehicle is preferably configured to receive electrical energy (e.g. a DC charging current) from a (e.g. vehicle-external) charging station. For example, the at least one charging interface can be designed for connecting a charging cable or for plugging in a charging plug.Furthermore, the charging device has a DC voltage output (e.g. having a plurality of DC output contacts) for connection to an electrical energy store (e.g. a traction battery) of the electric vehicle. For example, the electrical energy store can be designed as a high-voltage energy store, preferably with a battery voltage between 60 V and 1.5 kV, particularly preferably between 400 V and 850 V.Furthermore, the charging device has a switchable connecting device, via which the DC voltage input and the DC voltage output can be electrically connected and / or are connected to one another. The connecting device has a plurality of (e.g. identically designed) switching elements (e.g. contactors, in particular high-voltage contactors). The switching elements preferably serve to vary a flow and / or path of the electrical energy from the DC voltage input to the DC voltage output in the connecting device. Particularly preferably, the plurality of switching elements of the connecting device comprise only four or six switching elements.Furthermore, the charging device has a control device for operating (e.g. activating) the plurality of switching elements. For this purpose, the charging device and the plurality of switching elements can be connected to one another via corresponding signal lines.Furthermore, it is provided that the control device is configured to operate the plurality of switching elements in a first switching position (e.g. to switch into a first switching position) for charging the electrical energy store by means of a first charging method (e.g. an MCS charging method) and to operate the plurality of switching elements in a second switching position (e.g. to switch into a second switching position) for charging the electrical energy store by means of a second charging method (e.g. a second charging method different from the first charging method) (e.g. a CCS charging method or a NACS charging method). The first and second shift positions preferably differ in the position of at least one of the plurality of shift elements.As will be described in more detail below, depending on the charging interface with which the electric vehicle is equipped or which charging station is currently being approached, the respectively appropriate charging method can thereby advantageously be carried out. For example, in the case that the electric vehicle has a plurality of charging interfaces or charging sockets, depending on which of the charging interfaces is currently connected to a charging station, the corresponding charging architecture with a corresponding short-circuit limit, power configuration, etc. can be provided for the respective charging interface or the associated charging method. Overall, this advantageously allows an intelligent high-voltage architecture having a plurality of power stages, wherein the adjustability of the charging device allows utilization as a common part in different vehicle designs having different charging interfaces in the sense of a modular system, as a result of which production costs and assembly effort can be reduced.According to a first aspect, the at least one charging interface of the electric vehicle can have an MCS charging interface and / or a CCS charging interface and / or NACS charging interface. The at least one charging interface preferably has both an MCS charging interface and a CCS or NACS charging interface. With regard to the respective specifications of the various charging interfaces, reference is made to the explanations in the introductory part herein. By providing precisely these charging interfaces, the most advantageous possible use of existing charging infrastructure can be made possible, in particular for electric utility vehicles.According to a further aspect, the charging device can have a first short-circuit limit in the first switching position and a second short-circuit limit different (e.g. higher) from the first short-circuit limit in the second switching position.Additionally or alternatively, the charging device can be configured in the first switching position for a first maximum charging voltage (e.g. of up to 1000 volts) and in the second switching position for a second maximum charging voltage (e.g. of more than 1000 volts and / or of up to 1250 volts) different (e.g. higher) from the first maximum charging voltage. Preferably, the first and second maximum charging voltages are each maximum DC charging voltages.Additionally or alternatively, the charging device can be configured in the first switching position for a first maximum charging current (e.g. of less than 1000 amperes) and in the second switching position for a second maximum charging current (e.g. of more than 1000 amperes and / or of up to 3000 amperes) different (e.g. higher) from the first maximum charging current. Preferably, the first and second maximum charging currents are each maximum DC charging currents. All these variants advantageously make it possible to provide different conditions for different charging methods, as a result of which the most flexible possible use of the charging device is ensured.According to a further aspect, the connecting device can have a (e.g. switchable) positive charging current path, preferably exclusively a positive charging current path. This can branch, starting from the DC voltage input at a positive branching point, into a first positive charging current sub-path and a second positive charging current sub-path (e.g. parallel to the first positive charging current sub-path). Preferably, a DC input contact of the DC voltage input is connectable or connected via the positive charging current path (e.g. optionally) to one or two DC output contacts of the DC voltage output. As will be described in more detail below, this makes it possible, in conjunction with the switching elements, to divide the DC charging current as required, for example in order to realize a higher current capacity at times as a result.According to a further aspect, the plurality of switching elements can have a switching element (e.g. a contactor, in particular a high-voltage contactor), which is arranged in the first positive charging current sub-path. For better differentiation, this switching element can also be referred to below as the first positive switching element.In addition or alternatively, the plurality of switching elements can also have a switching element (e.g. a contactor, in particular a high-voltage contactor), which is arranged in the second positive charging current sub-path. For better differentiation, this switching element can also be referred to below as a second positive switching element.According to a further aspect, in the first switching position, the first positive switching element and the second positive switching element can be connected in the same manner, preferably closed. Accordingly, in the first switching position in the positive charging current path, the DC charging current can preferably be divided into the first and second charging current sub-paths. This advantageously makes it possible to pass high current intensities, as occur, for example, during MCS charging, and to maintain the corresponding MCS short-circuit limits.Additionally or alternatively, in the second switching position, the first positive switching element and the second positive switching element can be switched differently. For example, in such a way that the first positive switching element is closed and the second positive switching element is open, or vice versa. Accordingly, in the second switching position in the positive charging current path, the DC charging current can preferably not be divided up or the entire DC charging current can flow via the first or second positive charging current subpath. Advantageously, this makes it possible to pass through the DC charging current as simply as possible for rather lower current intensities, such as occur, for example, during CCS charging, and to maintain the corresponding CCS short-circuit limits.According to a further aspect, the connecting device can have a (e.g. switchable) negative charging current path, preferably exclusively a negative charging current path. This can branch, starting from the DC voltage input at a negative branching point, into a first negative charging current sub-path and a second negative charging current sub-path (e.g. parallel to the first positive charging current sub-path). Preferably, a DC input contact of the DC voltage input is connectable or connected via the negative charging current path (e.g. optionally) to one or two DC output contacts of the DC voltage output. As in the case of the positive charging current path, the negative charging current path also enables a division of the DC charging current according to requirements, for example in order to thereby temporarily realize a higher current capacity.According to a further aspect, the plurality of switching elements can have a switching element (e.g. a contactor, in particular a high-voltage contactor), which is arranged in the first negative charging current sub-path. For better differentiation, this switching element can also be referred to below as the first negative switching element.In addition or alternatively, the plurality of switching elements can also have a switching element (e.g. a contactor, in particular a high-voltage contactor), which is arranged in the second negative charging current sub-path. For better differentiation, this switching element can also be referred to below as a second negative switching element.According to a further aspect, in the first switching position, the first negative switching element and the second negative switching element can be connected in the same manner, preferably closed. Accordingly, in the first switching position in the negative charging current path, the DC charging current can preferably be divided into the first and second negative charging current sub-paths. This advantageously makes it possible to pass high current intensities, as occur, for example, during MCS charging, and to maintain the corresponding MCS short-circuit limits.Additionally or alternatively, in the second switching position, the first negative switching element and the second negative switching element can be connected differently. For example, in such a way that the first negative switching element is closed and the second negative switching element is open, or vice versa. Accordingly, in the second switching position in the negative charging current path, the DC charging current can preferably not be divided up or the entire charging current can flow via the first or second negative charging current sub-path. Advantageously, this makes it possible to pass through the DC charging current as simply as possible for rather lower current intensities, such as occur, for example, during CCS charging, and to maintain the corresponding CCS short-circuit limits.According to a further aspect, the connecting device can have at least two fuses (for example fuses). In one embodiment, a fuse of the at least two fuses may be arranged in the first positive charging current sub-path and a further fuse of the at least two fuses may be arranged in the second positive charging current sub-path, for example parallel to the fuse in the first positive charging current sub-path.In addition or alternatively, a fuse of the at least two fuses can also be arranged in the first negative charging current sub-path and a further fuse of the at least two fuses can be arranged in the second negative charging current sub-path, for example parallel to the fuse in the first negative charging current sub-path. In an advantageous manner, the respective short-circuit limits for the first and second charging methods can thereby be set.According to a further aspect, the plurality of switching elements of the connection device may comprise a main switching element (e.g. a main contactor), which may be arranged in the positive charging current path (e.g. between the DC voltage input and the positive branching point). For better differentiation, this main switching element can also be referred to below as a positive main switching element. In the case that the connecting device has the positive main switching element, preferably only one of the two positive charging current sub-paths, i.e. only the first or second positive charging current sub-path, can have a (e.g. further) switching element. For example, the plurality of switching elements can have, in addition to the positive main switching element, a switching element (e.g. which can be referred to as a positive switching element) which is arranged in the first positive charging current sub-path, while the second positive charging current sub-path preferably has no switching element. Alternatively, the plurality of switching elements may include a positive switching element disposed in the second positive charging current sub-path, while the first positive charging current sub-path then preferably includes no switching element. Preferably, the positive main switching element and the positive switching element are connected in series. In one embodiment, the positive main switching element can be dimensioned larger than the positive switching element and / or have a lower probability of failure than the positive switching element. Depending on the application, this design of the switching elements can prove to be more advantageous than a symmetrical arrangement of the switching elements.Additionally or alternatively, the plurality of switching elements of the connection device may comprise a main switching element (e.g. a main contactor), which may be arranged in the negative charging current path (e.g. between the DC voltage input and the negative branching point). For better differentiation, this main switching element can also be referred to below as a negative main switching element. In the case that the connecting device has the negative main switching element, preferably only one of the two negative charging current sub-paths, i.e. only the first or second negative charging current sub-path, can have a (e.g. further) switching element. For example, the plurality of switching elements can have, in addition to the negative main switching element, a switching element (e.g. which can be referred to as a negative switching element) which is arranged in the first negative charging current sub-path, while the second negative charging current sub-path preferably has no switching element. Alternatively, the plurality of switching elements may include a negative switching element disposed in the second negative charging current sub-path, while the first negative charging current sub-path preferably does not include a switching element. Preferably, the main negative switching element and the negative switching element are connected in series. In one embodiment, the negative main switching element can be dimensioned larger than the negative switching element and / or have a lower probability of failure than the negative switching element. Depending on the application, this design of the switching elements can again prove to be more advantageous than a symmetrical arrangement of the switching elements.According to a further aspect, the charging device further has an AC voltage input (e.g. having a plurality of AC input contacts) for electrically connecting to the at least one charging interface (e.g. to one or more AC current contacts of the at least one charging interface) of the electric vehicle. The AC voltage input is preferably formed separately or (e.g. spatially) separately from the DC voltage input. Furthermore, the charging device may have an AC voltage output (e.g. having a plurality of AC output contacts) for connecting to an AC-DC converter (e.g. on-board charger) of the electric vehicle. Preferably, the AC voltage output is also formed separately or (e.g. spatially) separately from the AC voltage input. Furthermore, the charging device can have a (e.g. switchable) further connecting device, via which the AC voltage input and the AC voltage output can be electrically connected to one another. For better differentiation, the further connecting device can also be referred to here as an AC connecting device and the aforementioned connecting device can also be referred to as a DC connecting device. It is furthermore possible for the further connecting device or AC connecting device also to have one or more further switching elements, for example in order to temporarily prevent a current flow from the AC voltage input to the AC voltage output. In this way, in addition to DC charging, AC charging via the same charging device can also be made possible in an advantageous manner.According to a further aspect, the control device can furthermore be configured to switch the plurality of switching elements of the connecting device or DC connecting device into a third switching position for charging the electrical energy store by means of an AC charging method. Preferably, in the third switching position, all of the plurality of switching elements of the DC connection device are opened. Accordingly, in the third switching position, preferably no current flow is to be possible between the DC voltage input and the DC voltage output. In an advantageous manner, the AC components can thereby be protected against possible influences of the DC components.According to a further aspect, the further connecting device or AC connecting device and the connecting device or DC connecting device can be electrically and / or galvanically separated from one another. For example, the further or AC connection device can be designed to loop through an AC charging current from the AC voltage input to the AC voltage output, preferably without the latter coming into contact with the DC connection device.Alternatively, the further connecting device or AC connecting device and the connecting device or DC connecting device (e.g. within the charging device) can be electrically connected to one another. For example, the AC and DC connection devices can have one or more common line sections. Accordingly, the DC charging current can also flow, for example, partially via the AC connecting device when passing from the DC voltage input to the DC voltage output, and / or the AC charging current can also flow, for example, partially via the DC connecting device when passing from the AC voltage input to the AC voltage output. In a preferred embodiment, the AC voltage input and the DC voltage input are designed as a common input (e.g. having a plurality of input contacts). In particular in connection with the use of a NACS charging interface, this can advantageously enable efficient dual use of the structures present.According to a further aspect, the charging device can have a further DC voltage input for electrical connection to the at least one charging interface of the electric vehicle. For better differentiation, this can also be referred to below as a second DC voltage input, while the aforementioned DC voltage input can be referred to as a first DC voltage input. The further or second DC voltage input is preferably formed separately and / or (e.g. spatially) separately from the aforementioned or first DC voltage input. For example, the first and second DC voltage inputs can be arranged at different points of the charging device. In one embodiment, for example, the first DC voltage input can be designed for electrical connection to a first charging interface of the at least one charging interface and the second DC voltage input can be designed for electrical connection to a second charging interface (e.g. different from the first charging interface) of the at least one charging interface. In this case, the connecting device can also electrically connect the further or second DC voltage input and the DC voltage output to one another. For example, the connecting device can be designed to conduct both a first DC charging current from the first DC voltage input to the DC voltage output and a second DC charging current from the second DC voltage input to the DC voltage output.According to a further aspect, in the first switching position (e.g. exclusively) the first DC voltage input and the DC voltage output can be electrically connected to one another. For example, in the first switching position, the first DC charging current can be transmitted from the first charging interface electrically connected to the first DC voltage input to the DC voltage output. Preferably, the second DC voltage input is separated from the DC voltage output.Additionally or alternatively, in the second switching position (e.g. exclusively), the further or second DC voltage input and the DC voltage output can be electrically connected to one another. For example, in the second switching position, the second DC charging current can be transmitted from the second charging interface electrically connected to the second DC voltage input to the DC voltage output. Preferably, the first DC voltage input is separated from the DC voltage output.In one embodiment, the connecting device can have a (e.g. switchable) further positive charging current path. For better differentiation, this can also be referred to as a second positive charging current path, while the above-mentioned positive charging current path can be referred to as a first positive charging current path. Via the further positive charging current path, the second DC voltage input can be electrically connectable to the first positive charging current path (e.g. to the first or second positive charging current sub-path). Preferably, the further positive charging current path can be electrically connected to the first positive charging current path at a point between the first positive switching element and the DC voltage output, preferably at a point between the first positive switching element and the fuse, in the first positive charging current sub-path. Alternatively, the further positive charging current path can be electrically connectable to the second positive charging current path at a point between the second positive switching element and the DC voltage output, preferably at a point between the second positive switching element and the further fuse in the second positive charging current sub-path. Furthermore, the plurality of switching elements of the connecting device can comprise a further positive switching element which is arranged in the further positive charging current path.In addition or alternatively, the connecting device can have a further (e.g. switchable) negative charging current path. For better differentiation, this can also be referred to as a second negative charging current path, while the aforementioned negative charging current path can be referred to as a first negative charging current path. Via the further negative charging current path, the second DC voltage input can be electrically connectable to the first negative charging current path (e.g. to the first or second negative charging current sub-path). Preferably, the further negative charging current path can be electrically connected to the first negative charging current path at a point between the first negative switching element and the DC voltage output, preferably at a point between the first negative switching element and the fuse, in the first negative charging current sub-path. Alternatively, the further negative charging current path can be electrically connectable to the second negative charging current path at a point between the second negative switching element and the DC voltage output, preferably at a point between the second negative switching element and the further fuse in the second negative charging current sub-path. Furthermore, the plurality of switching elements of the connecting device can comprise a further negative switching element which is arranged in the further negative charging current path.According to a further aspect, in the first switching position, the first positive switching element, the second positive switching element, the first negative switching element and the second negative switching element can be connected in the same manner, preferably closed. In addition or alternatively, in the first switching position, the further positive switching element and the further negative switching element can be connected in the same manner, preferably in the open state. Accordingly, in the first switching position, the first DC charging current can be transmitted from the first DC voltage input to the DC voltage output, while the second DC voltage input is disconnected from the DC voltage output.In addition or alternatively, in the second switching position, the first positive switching element, the second positive switching element, the first negative switching element and the second negative switching element can be connected in the same manner, preferably in the open state. In addition or alternatively, in the first switching position, the further positive switching element and the further negative switching element can be connected in the same manner, preferably closed. Accordingly, in the second switching position, the second DC charging current can be transmitted from the second DC voltage input to the DC voltage output, while the first DC voltage input is disconnected from the DC voltage output. Overall, this advantageously allows a suitable charging architecture to be provided in each case for different charging interfaces connected to the first and second DC voltage inputs.According to a further aspect, the first positive charging current sub-path can have only one switching element. In addition or alternatively, the second positive charging current sub-path can also have exclusively one switching element. In addition or alternatively, the first negative charging current sub-path can have only one switching element. In addition or alternatively, the second negative charging current sub-path can have only one switching element.Another independent aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing a charging system for an electric vehicle (e.g., for an electric utility vehicle). The method comprises providing a charging device as described herein. Consequently, the aspects described herein in connection with the charging device are also to be disclosed and claimable in connection with the method. The same is also intended to apply in the opposite sense.The method further comprises providing at least one charging interface for receiving electrical energy from a vehicle-external charging station. The at least one charging interface preferably has at least two (e.g. different) charging interfaces. For example, the at least one charging interface may include an MCS charging interface (e.g., an MCS charging socket) and a CCS charging interface (e.g., a CCS1 or CCS2 charging socket). Alternatively, the at least one charging interface may also include an MCS charging interface (e.g., an MCS charging socket) and a NACS charging interface (e.g., a NACS charging socket).Furthermore, the method comprises electrically connecting the at least one charging interface, preferably the at least two charging interfaces, to a DC voltage input of the charging device. For example, the at least one charging interface or the at least two charging interfaces can be connected to the DC voltage input of the charging device by means of one or more cable connections.Optionally, the method can further comprise providing an electrical energy store (e.g. a high-voltage energy store) and (e.g. electrically) connecting the electrical energy store to a DC voltage output of the charging device. For example, the electrical energy store can also be connected to the DC voltage output of the charging device by means of one or more cable connections.Another independent aspect of the present disclosure relates to a charging system for an electric vehicle (e.g., an electric utility vehicle). Preferably, this is a charging system which is produced by a method as described herein. Consequently, all aspects described in connection with the method or the charging device should in turn also be disclosed and claimable in connection with the charging system. The same is also intended to apply in the opposite sense.The charging system includes a charging device as described herein.Furthermore, the charging system has at least one charging interface which is electrically connected to a DC voltage input of the charging device. For example, the at least one charging interface can be connected to the DC voltage input of the charging device by means of one or more line connections.In one aspect, the at least one charging interface may include a first charging interface (e.g., an MCS charging interface) and a second charging interface (e.g., a CCS charging interface or NACS charging interface). Accordingly, the at least one charging interface can comprise at least or exclusively two charging interfaces. The first and second charging interfaces are preferably designed differently here, for example according to different standards. This advantageously allows the flexible use of existing charging infrastructure.According to a further aspect, the first charging interface and the second charging interface can each be connected fixedly (e.g. rigidly) to the charging device, preferably integrated into the charging device. In an advantageous manner, a charging system with double header concept can thereby be realized.Additionally or alternatively, the charging device, the first charging interface and the second charging interface can be enclosed by a common (e.g. closed) housing (e.g. made of plastic). The housing can be one-piece or multi-piece. This advantageously allows simple assembly of the components into the electric vehicle.Additionally or alternatively, the charging device, the first charging interface and the second charging interface together can form a common assembly. This in turn advantageously allows simple assembly of the components into the electric vehicle.Additionally or alternatively, the first and second charging interfaces may be arranged next to one another (e.g. one above the other) and / or adjacent to one another. In an advantageous manner, a central location for connecting the charging infrastructure can thereby be provided.In addition or alternatively, the DC voltage input can be designed as an internal DC voltage input. Accordingly, the DC voltage input can preferably be arranged within the charging device (e.g. within the housing) and / or not be directly accessible from the outside.In addition or alternatively, the AC voltage input can also be an internal AC voltage input. Accordingly, the AC voltage input can also preferably be arranged within the charging device (e.g. within the housing) and / or not be directly accessible from the outside.In another aspect, the charging system may include a first tailgate. For example, the first tailgate can be arranged in the region of the first charging interface and / or mounted on the first charging interface. The first tailgate can be movable (e.g. pivotable) between a closed position, in which the first tailgate closes the first charging interface (e.g. completely), and an open position, in which the first tailgate releases the first charging interface (e.g. completely). For example, in the closed position, a charging plug of the vehicle-external charging station cannot be connected to the first charging interface or cannot be plugged into the first charging interface. In contrast, in the open position, preferably a connection or insertion of the charging plug is to be possible.Further, the charging system may include a second charging flap. For example, the second tailgate can be arranged in the region of the second charging interface and / or mounted on the second charging interface. The second tailgate can also be movable (e.g. pivotable) between a closed position, in which the second tailgate closes the second charging interface (e.g. completely), and an open position, in which the second tailgate releases the second charging interface (e.g. completely).Furthermore, the charging system has a locking device which is designed to lock the second tailgate if the first tailgate is in the open position and / or to lock the first tailgate if the second tailgate is in the open position. Thus, preferably, if the first tailgate is in the open position, opening of the second tailgate should not be possible and vice versa. This advantageously makes it possible to secure the respectively unused charging interface. Moreover, harmful or interfering double charges can be excluded.According to a further aspect, the charging system can furthermore have an electrical energy store. The electrical energy store is preferably electrically connected to the DC voltage output and / or AC voltage output.According to a further aspect, the control device can be configured to switch the plurality of switching elements (e.g. automatically) into the first switching position or second switching position depending on whether the first or second charging interface is (e.g. currently) connected to the vehicle-external charging station. For example, the charging system may have corresponding occupancy sensors for this purpose, which sense whether and which of the charging interfaces are occupied by a charging plug. In the case that the charging system or the charging device has an AC voltage input and / or is also designed to carry out an AC charging method, the control device can also be configured to switch the plurality of switching elements (e.g. automatically) into the first switching position or second switching position or third switching position depending on whether the first or second charging interface (e.g. currently) is connected to the vehicle-external charging station. Advantageously, this allows the appropriate charging architecture for the respective charging method to be provided automatically.Another independent aspect of the present disclosure relates to a motor vehicle having a charging device as described herein and / or a charging system as described herein. Consequently, the features described above in connection with the charging device and the charging system are also intended to be disclosed and claimable in connection with the motor vehicle. The same is also intended to apply in the opposite sense. The motor vehicle is preferably a hybrid or electric vehicle, particularly preferably a hybrid utility vehicle or electric utility vehicle. A commercial vehicle can generally be understood to mean, for example, a vehicle which, by means of its design and device, is designed specifically for transporting persons, for transporting goods or for towing trailer vehicles. For example, the commercial vehicle may be a truck, a semi-trailer, a construction vehicle, an omnibus and / or an agricultural machine (e.g. a tractor).The embodiments and features described above can be combined with one another as desired. Further details and advantages are described below with reference to the attached drawings. They show FIG. 1 : shows a schematic illustration of an electric vehicle according to one embodiment; FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a charging system according to an embodiment; FIGS. 3A and 3B : a schematic illustration of a charging device according to an embodiment in different switching states; FIGS. 4A and 4B : show a schematic illustration of a charging system according to a further embodiment in different switching states; FIGS. 5A-5C are schematic diagrams of various tailgate assemblies according to an embodiment; FIGS. 6A and 6B : show a schematic illustration of a charging system according to a further embodiment in different switching states; FIGS. 7A and 7B : show a schematic illustration of a charging system according to a further embodiment in different switching states; and FIGS. 8A-8C are schematic diagrams of a charging system according to another embodiment;The embodiments shown in the figures correspond at least partially, so that similar or identical parts are provided with the same reference numerals and for their explanation reference is also made to the description of the other embodiments or figures in order to avoid repetitions.FIG. 1 shows an electric vehicle 30 according to an embodiment. The electric vehicle 30 can be, for example, an electric utility vehicle as illustrated. Accordingly, the electric vehicle 30 may have at least one electric drive unit (not shown) for propelling the electric vehicle 30, e.g. a central electric drive, a plurality of electric wheel hub drives or a plurality of electric drives close to the wheel. Furthermore, the electric vehicle 30 can have an electrical energy store 32. The electrical energy store 32 can provide electrical energy for the at least one electrical drive unit. The electrical energy store 32 can be rechargeable via a vehicle-external charging station 40.For this purpose, the electric vehicle 30 has at least one charging interface 22, 24. For example, the at least one charging interface 22, 24 can be designed in the form of one or more charging sockets. A charging plug 44 connected to the charging station 40 via a charging cable 42 can be inserted into the latter. Accordingly, electrical energy can be fed from the charging station 40 into the electric vehicle 30 or into the electrical energy store 32 via the at least one charging interface 22, 24.For the most flexible possible use of the existing charging infrastructure, the at least one charging interface 22, 24 preferably has at least two charging interfaces 22, 24. Particularly preferably, one of the at least two charging interfaces 22, 24, which can also be referred to below as first charging interface 22, is an MCS charging interface (e.g. an MCS charging socket for plugging in an MCS charging plug). Furthermore, the at least two charging interfaces 22, 24 can have a second charging interface 24, which can be designed, for example, as a CCS charging interface (e.g. a CCS2 charging socket for plugging in a CCS2 charging plug) or NACS charging interface. Accordingly, the electric vehicle 30 or the electrical energy store 32 can be rechargeable both via an MCS charging station and via a CCS charging station.For safety reasons and / or for controlling the charging process, the electric vehicle 30 further has a charging device 10, via which the charging interfaces 22, 24 can be electrically connected to the electrical energy store 32. By means of the charging device 10, the vehicle-side charging architecture required for the respective charging method can be provided with corresponding short-circuit limits, etc. Charging device 10 thus preferably enables (e.g., optional) charging of electrical energy store 32 using a first charging method (e.g., the MCS charging method) and a second charging method (e.g., the CCS or NACS charging method). For this purpose, the charging device 10 can be switchable at least between two configurations. The charging device 10 and the charging interfaces 22, 24 can optionally form a charging system 20 together with the electrical energy store 32, which is illustrated once again in FIG. 2.The further figures show different switching states or embodiments of the charging device 10 or of the charging system 20, respectively.FIGS. 3A and 3B show a first embodiment of the charging device 10 in this case. the charging device 10 has a DC voltage input 12, a DC voltage output 14, a switchable connecting device 16 and a control device 18.The DC voltage input 12 serves for electrical connection to the at least one charging interface 22, 24 of the electric vehicle 30. for example, the DC voltage input 12 can be connected or connectable to the at least one charging interface 22, 24 via one or connecting lines. The DC input 12 may have two DC input contacts, for example a positive DC input contact (DC+) and a negative DC input contact (DC-).The DC voltage output 14 is used for connection to an electrical energy store 32 (not shown). For example, the DC voltage output 14 can be connected or connectable to the electrical energy store 32 via one or connecting lines. The DC voltage output 14 may include four DC output contacts, for example, first and second positive DC output contacts and first and second negative DC output contacts.The DC voltage input 12 and the DC voltage output 14 can be electrically connected or are connected to one another via the connecting device 16. An electrical connection can thus be established via the connecting device 16 between the DC input contacts of the DC voltage input 12 and the DC output contacts of the DC voltage output 14.For example, the connecting device 16 can have a positive charging current path 17 for this purpose, which branches out from the DC voltage input 12 at a positive branching point 17.1 into a first positive charging current sub-path 17 aand a second positive charging current sub-path 17 b. In the first positive charging current sub-path 17 a, a switching element (e.g. a contactor), in the present case a first positive switching element 16 a, can be arranged. For example, the first positive switching element 16 acan be arranged between the positive branch point 17.1 and the DC voltage output 14 in the first positive charging current sub-path 17 a. Preferably, the first positive charging current sub-path 17 afurther comprises a fuse (e.g. a fuse), in the present case fuse 15 a.In the second positive charging current sub-path 17 b, a switching element (e.g. a contactor), in the present case a second positive switching element 16 b, can likewise be arranged. For example, the second positive switching element 16 bmay be arranged between the positive branch point 17.1 and the DC voltage output 14 in the second positive charging current sub-path 17 b. Preferably, a fuse (e.g. a fuse), in the present case the further fuse 15 b, is also arranged in the second positive charging current sub-path 17 b. By appropriate switching of the two positive switching elements 16 aand 16 b, it is thus possible, for example, for the positive DC input contact of the DC voltage input 12 to be selectively connectable via the positive charging current path 17 to the first and second positive DC output contacts of the DC voltage output 14 or only to the first or second positive DC output contact. By opening the two positive switching elements 16 aand 16 b, the positive DC input contact can be galvanically separable from the first and second positive DC output contacts.Furthermore, the connecting device 16 can have a negative charging current path 19 which branches, starting from the DC voltage input 12, at a negative branching point 19.1 into a first negative charging current sub-path 19 aand a second negative charging current sub-path 19 b. In the first negative charging current sub-path 19 a, a switching element (e.g. a contactor), namely a first negative switching element 16 c, and optionally also a fuse (not shown) can be arranged. In the second negative charging current sub-path 19 b, a switching element (e.g. a contactor), namely a second negative switching element 16 d, and optionally also a fuse (not shown) can likewise be arranged. By appropriate switching of the two negative switching elements 16 cand 16 d, it is possible, for example, for the negative DC input contact of the DC voltage input 12 to be connectable selectively to the first and second negative DC output contact of the DC voltage output 14 or only to the first or second negative DC output contact via the negative charging current path 19. By opening the two negative switching elements 16 cand 16 d, the negative DC input contact can be galvanically separable from the first and second negative DC output contacts.For operating or switching the shift elements, the control device 18 is provided. This can be connected to the respective switching elements, for example, via a plurality of signal lines, not shown for reasons of clarity. By means of the control device 18, the respective shift elements can be opened and closed, preferably independently of one another.In order to implement different charging methods with the charging device 10, the control device 18 is further configured to switch the plurality of switching elements at least into a first switching position S 1 shown in FIG. 3A and into a second switching position S 2 shown in FIG. 3B. The first switching position S 1 in this case preferably serves for charging the electrical energy store 32 by means of the MCS charging method, while the second switching position S 1 preferably serves for charging the electrical energy store 32 by means of the CCS or NACS charging method.In the first switching position S 1 the first and second positive switching elements 16 a, 16 band the first and second negative switching elements 16 c, 16 dmay each be connected closed. Accordingly, in the first switching position S 1 a DC charging current can flow in the first and second positive charging current sub-paths 17 a, 17 band in the first and second negative charging current sub-paths 19 a, 19 b.In the second switching position S 2 on the other hand, both the first and second positive switching elements 16 a, 16 band the first and second negative switching elements 16 c, 16 dmay be respectively switched differently. For example, in the second shift position S 2, as shown, the first positive switching element 16 aand the first negative switching element 16 cmay be closed, while the second positive switching element 16 band the second negative switching element 16 dmay be opened. Accordingly, in the second switching position S 2 the DC charging current can flow only in the first or second positive charging current sub-path 17 a, 17 bor only in the first or second negative charging current sub-path 19 a, 19 b.By distributing the DC charging current and correspondingly designing the components, the charging device 10 in the first switching position S 1 can thus have a first short-circuit limit, which differs from a second short-circuit limit of the charging device 10 in the second switching position S 2. Accordingly, the charging device 10 can be configured in the first and second switching positions S 1, S 2 in each case for different maximum charging voltages and / or maximum charging currents.The charging device 10 is preferably designed or set up for enabling MCS charging, for example in the first switching position S 1, in principle for a maximum charging voltage of 1250 volts and / or a maximum charging current of 3000 amperes.FIGS. 4A and 4B show a further embodiment of the charging device 10 and of the charging system 20, respectively. In contrast to the embodiment in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the first and second charging interfaces 22, 24 are integrated into the charging device 10 in the present case. Accordingly, the charging device 10 and the first and second charging interfaces 22, 24 can form a common assembly. For example, the corresponding components can be accommodated in a common housing and / or enclosed by a housing.The DC voltage input 12 is electrically connected to the first and second charging interfaces 22, 24. For example, the positive DC input contact of the DC input 12 may be connected to a DC current contact of the MSC charging interface and a DC current contact of the CCS charging interface, while the negative DC input contact of the DC input 12 may be connected to another DC current contact of the MSC charging interface and another DC current contact of the CCS charging interface.The DC voltage input 12 can be designed as an internal and / or virtual DC voltage input 12 which is preferably not directly accessible from the outside.The DC voltage output 14, on the other hand, can be designed as a physical output to which, for example, one or more line connections can be connected.Furthermore, this embodiment is distinguished by charging flaps 22 a, 24 afor the respective charging interfaces 22, 24, the setting possibilities of which are shown in detail again in FIGS. 5A-5C.For example, the charging system 20 may include a first tailgate 22 athat may be associated with the first charging interfaces 22 and a second tailgate 24 athat may be associated with the second charging interfaces 24. Each of the tailgates 22 aand 24 ais preferably movable between a closed position, in which the respective tailgate 22 a, 24 alos the first or second charging interface 22, 24, and an open position, in which the respective tailgate 22 a, 24 aopens the first or second charging interface 22, 24. Preferably, it is possible to plug a corresponding charging plug 44 into the respective charging interface 22, 24 only in the open position of the respective charging flap 22 a, 24 a.In order to secure the respective charging interfaces 22, 24 with respect to one another, the charging system 20 can furthermore have a locking device (not shown) which is designed to lock the first charging flap 22 ain the case of the second charging flap 24 abeing in the open position and to lock the second charging flap 24 ain the case of the first charging flap 22 abeing in the open position. For example, the locking device can have one or more, for example pneumatically, hydraulically and / or electrically actuatable, actuating elements which secure the respective tailgate 22 a, 24 afrom opening in the closed position.Overall, it is thereby possible, for example, to realize the settings of the tailgate 22 a, 24 aillustrated in FIGS. 5A-5C, including a first setting in which both tailgates 22 a, 24 aare closed, a second setting in which the first tailgate 22 ais in the open position and the second tailgate 24 ais in the locked closed position, and a third setting in which the second tailgate 24 ais in the open position and the first tailgate 22 ais in the locked closed position.FIGS. 6A and 6B show a further embodiment of the charging device 10 or of the charging system 20, respectively. In contrast to the embodiment described above in connection with FIGS. 4A and 4B, the charging device 10 or the charging system 20 in the present case has a different embodiment of the connecting device 16.In accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 4A and 4B, the connecting device 16 also has here a positive charging current path 17 which branches from the (internal or virtual) DC voltage input 12 at a positive branching point 17.1 into a first positive charging current sub-path 17 aand a second positive charging current sub-path 17 b. Furthermore, the connecting device 16 also has a negative charging current path 19 which branches, starting from the (internal or virtual) DC voltage input 12 at a negative branching point 19.1, into a first negative charging current sub-path 19 aand a second negative charging current sub-path 19 b.Further, in accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 4A and 4B, a total of four switching elements are provided, and the arrangement thereof is different from the embodiment of FIGS. 4A and 4B.Thus, the connecting device 16 has a positive main switching element 16 e(e.g. in the form of a main contactor), which is arranged in the positive charging current path 17 between the DC voltage input 12 and the positive branching point 17.1. Furthermore, the connecting device 16 has a negative main switching element 16 f(for example in the form of a main contactor), which is arranged in the negative charging current path 19 between the DC voltage input 12 and the negative branching point 19.1.The first positive charging current sub-path 17 aincludes no switching element. Preferably, however, a fuse, namely fuse 15a, is arranged in the first positive charging current sub-path 17a. In contrast, the second positive charging current sub-path 17 bhas a switching element (e.g. a contactor), which in the present case can be referred to as a second positive switching element 16 b. Preferably, the second positive charging current sub-path 17 balso has a fuse, namely a further fuse 15 b. The second positive switching element 16 bmay be arranged between the positive branching point 17.1 and the DC voltage output 14, preferably between the positive branching point 17.1 and the further fuse 15 b.The first negative charging current sub-path 19 aalso has no switching element. Optionally, however, a fuse (not shown) can be arranged in the first negative charging current sub-path 19 a. In contrast, the second negative charging current sub-path 19 bhas a switching element (e.g. a contactor), which in the present case can be referred to as a second negative switching element 16 d. Optionally, the second negative charging current sub-path 19 bmay also have a fuse (not shown). The second negative switching element 16 dmay be arranged between the negative branching point 19.1 and the DC voltage output 14.By a corresponding switching of the two main switching elements 16 eand 16 fand of the switching elements 16 band 16 d, it is possible in turn to realize different switching states, for example for different charging methods, in the charging device 10. For example, the control device 18 can be configured to switch the plurality of switching elements of the charging device 10 at least into the first switching position S 1 shown in FIG. 6A and into the second switching position S 2 shown in FIG. 6B. The first switching position S 1 in turn preferably serves for charging the electrical energy store 32 by means of the MCS charging method, while the second switching position S 1 preferably serves for charging the electrical energy store 32 by means of the CCS or NACS charging method.In the first switching position S 1 the positive main switching element 16 eand the negative main switching element 16 fand also the second positive switching element 16 band second negative switching element 16 dmay each be connected closed. For example, the positive DC input contact of the DC voltage input 12 can be connected here to the first and second positive DC output contacts of the DC voltage output 14 and the negative DC input contact of the DC voltage input 12 can be connected to the first and second negative DC output contacts of the DC voltage output 14. Accordingly, in the first switching position S 1 a DC charging current can flow in the first and second positive charging current sub-paths 17 a, 17 band in the first and second negative charging current sub-paths 19 a, 19 b.In the second switching position S 2 on the other hand, the positive main switching element 16 eand the negative main switching element 16 fmay each be closed, while the second positive switching element 16 band the second negative switching element 16 dmay each be opened. For example, the positive DC input contact of the DC voltage input 12 can be connected here only to the first or second positive DC output contact of the DC voltage output 14 and the negative DC input contact of the DC voltage input 12 can be connected only to the first or second negative DC output contact of the DC voltage output 14. Accordingly, in the second switching position S 2 the DC charging current can flow only in the first positive charging current sub-path 17 aand only in the first negative charging current sub-path 19 a.Preferably, the second positive switching element 16 band the positive main switching element 16 eare dimensioned differently. For example, the second positive switching element 16 bmay be smaller than the positive main switching element 16 e. In addition or alternatively, the second negative switching element 16 dand the negative main switching element 16 fmay also be dimensioned differently. For example, the second negative switching element 16 dmay be dimensioned smaller than the negative main switching element 16 f. In contrast, the two main switching elements 16 eand 16 fand / or the second positive and negative switching elements 16 band 16 dmay each be formed as identical parts. Furthermore, the second positive switching element 16 band / or the second negative switching element 16 dmay be configured without an automotive safety integrity level (ASIL) requirement.Furthermore, the control device 18 can preferably be configured to switch the plurality of switching elements of the charging device 10 into a third switching position S 3 (not shown), in which at least the positive main switching element 16 eand the negative main switching element 16 fare each opened. Optionally, in the third switching position S 3 the second positive switching element 16 band the second negative switching element 16 dmay also be open. As a result, the DC voltage input 12 can be galvanically separable from the DC voltage output 14. This third shift position S 3 can be assumed, for example, during AC charging (described in more detail below).FIGS. 7A and 7B show a further embodiment of the charging device 10 and of the charging system 20, respectively. This embodiment is essentially based on the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, wherein the (internal or virtual) DC voltage input 12 is only connected to the first charging interface 22.In addition, the present charging device 10 has a further DC voltage input 12'. Preferably, this is connected to the second charging interface 24. Accordingly, the further DC voltage input 12' can also be an internal and / or virtual further DC voltage input 12', which is preferably not directly accessible from the outside. The further DC voltage input 12' can have, for example, two further DC input contacts, for example a further positive DC input contact and a further negative DC input contact. For better differentiation, the DC voltage input 12 can also be referred to as the first DC voltage input and the further DC voltage input 12' as the second DC voltage input.The further DC voltage input 12' can also be electrically connectable to the DC voltage output 14 via the connecting device 16. For example, the further positive DC input contact can be connectable to one of the positive DC output contacts and / or the further negative DC input contact can be connectable to one of the negative DC output contacts via the connecting device 16. Overall, both the first and the second DC voltage input can thus be electrically connected to the DC voltage output 14 via the connecting device 16.For this purpose, the connecting device 16 can have, for example, a further positive charging current path 17', via which the second DC voltage input 12' can be electrically connected to the first positive charging current path 17. For example, the further positive charging current path 17' can be electrically connectable to the positive charging current path 17 at a point between the second positive switching element 16b and the DC voltage output 14, preferably between the second positive switching element 16b and the further fuse 15. The further positive charging current path 17' can have a switching element, namely the further positive switching element 16g.Furthermore, the connecting device 16 can have, for example, a further negative charging current path 19', via which the second DC voltage input 12' can be electrically connected to the first negative charging current path 19. For example, the further negative charging current path 19' can be electrically connectable to the negative charging current path 19 at a point between the second negative switching element 16d and the DC voltage output 14. The further negative charging current path 19' can also have a switching element, namely the further negative switching element 16h.Overall, the connecting device 16 in this embodiment can thus have (e.g. exclusively) six switching elements.To implement different charging methods, the control device 18 can in turn be configured to switch the plurality of switching elements at least into a first switching position S 1 shown in FIG. 7A and into a second switching position S 2 shown in FIG. 7B. The first switching position S 1 in this case preferably serves for charging the electrical energy store 32 by means of the MCS charging method, while the second switching position S 1 preferably serves for charging the electrical energy store 32 by means of the CCS or NACS charging method.In the first switching position S 1 the first and second positive switching elements 16 a, 16 band the first and second negative switching elements 16 c, 16 dmay be connected closed in each case. In contrast, the further positive switching element 16 gand the further negative switching element 16 hare switched to the open state. Accordingly, in the first switching position S, 1 exclusively, the DC voltage input 12 and the DC voltage output 14 can be electrically connected to one another, while the further DC voltage input 12' and the DC voltage output 14 are preferably galvanically isolated from one another.In the second switching position S 2 on the other hand, the first and second positive switching elements 16 a, 16 band the first and second negative switching elements 16 c, 16 dmay be respectively switched to open. In contrast, the further positive switching element 16 gand the further negative switching element 16 hare switched closed. Accordingly, in the second switching position S 2 exclusively the further DC voltage input 12' and the DC voltage output 14 can be electrically connected to one another, while the DC voltage input 12 and the DC voltage output 14 are preferably galvanically isolated from one another.FIGS. 8A-8C show further embodiments of the charging device 10 and of the charging system 20, respectively. These are also fundamentally based on the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, wherein the charging devices 10 of FIGS. 8A-8C are additionally configured for AC charging.Accordingly, all of the embodiments of FIGS. 8A-8C additionally have an AC voltage input 11, an AC voltage output 13 and a further connecting device 16', via which the AC voltage input 11 and the AC voltage output 13 can be electrically connected to one another.The AC voltage input 11 is preferably designed as an input separate or separate from the DC voltage input 12 and / or further DC voltage input 12' (cf. FIGS. 8A and 8B ). For example, the AC voltage input 11 can have two or three AC input contacts. However, it is also possible for the AC voltage input 11 and the DC voltage input 12 to be designed as a common input (cf. FIG. 8C ).The AC voltage output 13 is also preferably an output separate or separate from the DC voltage output 14. For example, the AC voltage output 13 and the DC voltage output 14 can be arranged at different points on the charging device 10. For example, the AC voltage input 11 can have two or three AC output contacts. The AC voltage output 13 is preferably used for connecting to an AC-DC converter (e.g. on-board charger, not shown) of the electric vehicle 30.With regard to the specific embodiment of the further connecting device 16' and the connection to the first or second charging interface 22, 24, the embodiments of FIGS. 8A-8C differ, so that the respective characterizing features of the various embodiments are discussed below.In the embodiment of FIG. 8A, the DC input 12 is electrically connected to both the first and second charging interfaces 22 and 24. Preferably, the first charging interface 22 is an MCS charging interface and the second charging interface 24 is a CCS2 charging interface. Accordingly, the positive DC input contact of the DC input 12 may be connected to one of the DC current contacts of the MCS and CCS2 charging interfaces, respectively, while the negative DC input contact of the DC input 12 may be connected to the other DC current contacts of the MCS and CCS2 charging interfaces, respectively.The AC voltage input 11 on the other hand is exclusively connected to one of the two charging interfaces 22 and 24, namely the second charging interface 24. In this case, the AC voltage input 11 preferably has three AC input contacts which are each connected to one of the three AC current contacts of the CCS2 charging interface.The further connecting device 16' in the present case has three line connections which are separate from one another and by means of which in each case one of the AC input contacts can be connected to in each case one of the AC output contacts. The three line connections can also be referred to as first, second and third line connections. Each of the line connections can optionally have a switching element in this case. For example, in the present case, the first line connection has the switching element 16'a, the second line connection has the switching element 16'b, and the third line connection has the switching element 16'c.The further connecting device 16' is also galvanically separated from the connecting device 16. The further connecting device 16' is thus preferably designed to loop through an AC charging current from the AC voltage input 11 to the AC voltage output 13, preferably without the latter coming into contact with the DC components of the charging device 10.In addition, in order to increase safety during AC charging, the control device 18 may be further configured to switch the plurality of switching elements of the connecting device 16 in 3 to a third switching position S in which the respective switching elements are all opened (see FIG. 8A ) for charging the electrical energy store by means of an AC charging method. Accordingly, in the third switching position S 3 the first and second positive switching elements 16 aand 16 band the first and second negative switching elements 16 cand 16 dmay be respectively switched to the open state.The embodiment shown in FIG. 8B is substantially the same as that of FIG. 8A, but the second charging interface 24 is a CCS1 charging interface. Accordingly, the AC voltage input 11 here preferably has only two AC input contacts, which are each connected to one of the two AC current contacts (phase and neutral pins) of the CCS1 charging interface. Furthermore, the further connecting device 16' in the present case also has only two line connections which are separate from one another and via which in each case one of the AC input contacts can be connected to in each case one of the AC output contacts.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8C, the common input is electrically connected to both the first and second charging interfaces 22 and 24. Preferably, the first charging interface 22 is an MCS charging interface and the second charging interface 24 is a NACS charging interface. Accordingly, a positive input contact of the common input may be connected to one of the current contacts of the MCS and NACS charging interfaces, respectively, while a negative input contact of the common input may be connected to the other current contact of the MCS and NACS charging interfaces, respectively.The further connecting device 16' is electrically connected to the connecting device 16 in the present case. For example, the further connecting device 16' can have a first line connection via which the AC voltage output 13 can be connected to the positive charging current path 17. Preferably, the first line connection can be electrically connectable to the positive charging current path 17 at a point between the DC voltage input 12 and the positive branching point 17.1. Optionally, the first line connection can in turn have a switching element, in the present case the switching element 16'a.Furthermore, the further connecting device 16' can have a second line connection via which the AC voltage output 13 can be connected to the negative charging current path 19. Preferably, the second line connection can be electrically connectable to the negative charging current path 19 at a point between the DC voltage input 12 and the negative branching point 19.1. Optionally, the second line connection can in turn have a switching element, in the present case the switching element 16'b.Although the invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not intended to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but is intended to include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. In particular, the invention also claims protection for the subject matter and the features of the subclaims independently of the related claims.List of reference characters10 Charging device 11 AC voltage input 12 DC voltage input 12' further DC voltage input 13 AC voltage output 14 DC voltage output 15a fuse 15b further fuse 16 connecting device 16a first positive switching element 16b second positive switching element 16c first negative switching element 16d second negative switching element 16e positive main switching element 16f negative main switching element 16g further positive switching element 16h further negative switching element 16' further connecting device 17 positive charging current path 17.1 positive branch point 17a first positive charging current sub-path 17b second positive charging current sub-path 17' further positive charging current path 18 control device 19 negative charging current path 19.1 negative branch point 19a first negative charging current sub-path 19b second negative charging current sub-path 19' further negative charging current path 22 first charging interface 22a first charging flap 24 Second charging interface 24 aSecond charging flap 30 Electric vehicle 32 Electrical energy store 40 Charging station

Claims

Charging device (10) for an electric vehicle (30), preferably an electric utility vehicle, wherein the charging device (10) has: a DC voltage input (12) for electrically connecting to at least one charging interface (22, 24), preferably charging socket, of the electric vehicle (30), wherein the at least one charging interface (22, 24) is configured to receive electrical energy from a charging station (40) external to the vehicle; a DC voltage output (14) for connecting to an electrical energy store (32) of the electric vehicle (30); a switchable connecting device (16), via which the DC voltage input (12) and the DC voltage output (14) can be electrically connected to one another and which has a plurality of switching elements (16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16f, 16g, 16h), preferably contactors; and a control device (18) for operating the plurality of switching elements (16a, 16b, 16c, 16 d, 16 e, 16 f), characterized in that the control device (18) is configured to operate the plurality of switching elements (16 a, 16 b, 16 c, 16 d, 16 e, 16 f, 16 g, 16 h) in a first switching position (S 1) for charging the electrical energy store (32) by means of a first charging method, preferably a megawatt charging system charging method (MCS charging method), and to operate the plurality of switching elements (116 a, 16 b, 16 c, 16 d, 16 e, 16 f, 16 g, for charging the electrical energy store (32) by means of a second charging method, preferably a combined charging system charging method (CCS charging method), 16h) in a second shift position (S 2).The charging device (10) of claim 1, wherein: the at least one charging interface (22, 24) of the electric vehicle (30) comprises a combined charging system (CCS) charging interface and / or a megawatt charging system (MCS) charging interface.Charging device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein: the charging device (10) has a first short-circuit limit in the first switching position (S 1) and has a second short-circuit limit different from the first short-circuit limit in the second switching position (S 2) ; and / or the charging device (10) is set up for a first maximum charging voltage, preferably of up to 1000 volts, in the first switching position (S 1) and is set up for a second maximum charging voltage, preferably of over 1000 volts, different from the first maximum charging voltage, in the second switching position (S 2); and / or the charging device ( 10) is configured in the first switching position (S 1) for a first maximum charging current, preferably of less than 1000 amperes, and is configured in the second switching position (S 2) for a second maximum charging current, preferably of more than 1000 amperes, different from the first maximum charging current.Charging device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein: the connecting device (16) has a positive charging current path (17), which branches, starting from the DC voltage input (12) at a positive branching point (17.1), into a first positive charging current sub-path (17a) and a second positive charging current sub-path (17b).Charging device (10) according to claim 4, wherein: the plurality of switching elements (16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16f, 16g, 16h) comprise a first positive switching element (16a) arranged in the first positive charging current sub-path (17a) and a second positive switching element (16b) arranged in the second positive charging current sub-path (17b); and: a) in the first switching position (S 1): the first and second positive switching elements (16a, 16b) are switched equal, preferably closed; and / or b) in the second switching position (S 2): the first and second positive switching elements ( 16 a, 16 b) are switched differently, preferably in such a way that the first positive switching element ( 16 a) is closed and the second positive switching element ( 16 b) is opened or the first positive switching element ( 16 a) is opened and the second positive switching element ( 16 b) is closed.Charging device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein: the connecting device (16) has a negative charging current path (19), which branches, starting from the DC voltage input (12), at a negative branching point (19.1), into a first negative charging current sub-path (19a) and a second negative charging current sub-path (19b).Charging device (10) according to claim 6, wherein: the plurality of switching elements (16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16f, 16g, 16h) comprise a first negative switching element (16c) arranged in the first negative charging current sub-path (19a) and a second negative switching element (16d) arranged in the second negative charging current sub-path (19b); and: a) in the first switching position (S 1): the first and second negative switching elements (16c, 16d) are switched equal, preferably closed; and / or b) in the second switching position (S 2): the first and second negative switching elements ( 16 c, 16 d) are connected differently, preferably in such a way that the first negative switching element ( 16 c) is closed and the second negative switching element ( 16 d) is open or the first negative switching element ( 16 c) is open and the second negative switching element ( 16 d) is closed.Charging device (10) according to one of Claims 4 to 7, wherein: the connecting device (16) further has at least two fuses (15a, 15b), preferably fuses, wherein one fuse (15a) of the at least two fuses (15a, 15b) is arranged in the first positive charging current sub-path (17a) and a further fuse (15b) of the at least two fuses (15a, 15b) is arranged in the second positive charging current sub-path (17b); and / or the plurality of switching elements (16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16f, 16g, 16h) of the connecting device (16) comprise a positive main switching element (16e), preferably positive main contactor, which is arranged in the positive charging current path (17) between the DC voltage input (12) and the positive branching point (17.1); and / or the plurality of switching elements (16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16f, 16g, 16h) of the connecting device (16) comprise a negative main switching element (16f), preferably a negative main contactor, which is arranged in the negative charging current path (19) between the DC voltage input (12) and the negative branching point (19.1).Charging device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising: an AC voltage input (11) for electrically connecting to the at least one charging interface (22, 24) of the electric vehicle (30); an AC voltage output (13) for connecting to an AC-DC converter of the electric vehicle (30); a preferably switchable further connecting device (16'), via which the AC voltage input (11) and the AC voltage output (13) can be electrically connected to one another.Charging device (10) according to claim 8, wherein: the control device (18) is configured to switch, for charging the electrical energy store (32) by means of an alternating current charging method, the plurality of switching elements (16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16f, 16g, 16h) of the connecting device (16) into a third switching position (S 3) in which all switching elements (16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16f, 16g, 16h) are opened; and / or the further connecting device (16') and the connecting device (16) are electrically separated from one another; or the further connecting device (16') and the connecting device (16) are electrically connected to one another, preferably in such a way that the alternating voltage input (11) and the direct voltage input (12) are formed as a common input.Charging device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising: a further DC voltage input (12') for electrically connecting to the at least one charging interface (22, 24) of the electric vehicle (30); wherein the further DC voltage input (12') is formed separately from the DC voltage input (12); and wherein the connecting device (16) also electrically connects the further DC voltage input (12') and the DC voltage output (14) to one another.Charging device (10) according to claim 11, wherein: in the first switching position (S 1), preferably exclusively, the DC voltage input (12) and the DC voltage output (14) are electrically connected to one another. in the second switching position (S 2), preferably exclusively, the further DC voltage input (12') and the DC voltage output (14) are electrically connected to one another.Method for producing a charging system (20) for an electric vehicle (30), preferably an electric utility vehicle, the method comprising: providing a charging device (10) according to one of the preceding claims; providing at least one charging interface (22, 24), preferably at least two charging interfaces (22, 24), for receiving electrical energy from a charging station (40) external to the vehicle; and electrically connecting the at least one charging interface (22, 24), preferably the at least two charging interfaces (22, 24), to a DC voltage input (12) of the charging device (10).Charging system (20) for an electric vehicle (30), preferably manufactured by means of the method according to claim 13, wherein the charging system (20) comprises: a charging device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 12; and at least one charging interface (22, 24) electrically connected to a DC voltage input (12) of the charging device (10).The charging system (20) of claim 14, wherein: the at least one charging interface (22, 24) includes a first charging interface (22), preferably an MCS charging interface, and a second charging interface (24), preferably a CCS charging interface.Charging system (20) according to claim 15, wherein: the first and second charging interfaces (22, 24) are fixedly connected to the charging device (10), preferably integrated into the charging device (10); and / or the charging device (10) and the first and second charging interfaces (22, 24) are enclosed by a common housing and / or form a common assembly and / or the first and second charging interfaces (22, 24) are arranged next to each other and / or adjacent to each other; and / or the DC voltage input (12) is formed as an internal DC voltage input (12), which is preferably not directly accessible from the outside.The charging system (20) according to claim 15 or 16, further comprising: a first charging flap (22a) movable between a closed position in which the first charging flap (22a) closes the first charging interface (22) and an open position in which the first charging flap (22a) releases the first charging interface (22); a second charging flap (24a) movable between a closed position in which the second charging flap (24a) closes the second charging interface (24) and an open position in which the second charging flap (24a) releases the second charging interface (24); and a locking device which is configured to lock the second tailgate (24a) if the first tailgate (22a) is in the open position and to lock the first tailgate (22a) if the second tailgate (24a) is in the open position.Charging system (20) according to one of Claims 15 to 17, wherein: the control device (18) is configured to switch the plurality of switching elements into the first switching position (S 1) or second switching position (S 2) as a function of whether the first or second charging interface (22, 24) is connected to the vehicle-external charging station (40).Motor vehicle, preferably hybrid or electric vehicle (30), particularly preferably hybrid utility vehicle or electric utility vehicle, having: a charging device (10) according to one of Claims 1-12; and / or a charging system (20) according to one of Claims 14-18.

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