Forming device for punching and bending, thermoforming device, method for punching and bending, manufacturing method for producing three-dimensional molded bodies and three-dimensional molded bodies

Abstract

A forming device for punching out and bending three-dimensional shaped bodies from a film web section, a thermoforming device for forming at least one three-dimensional shaped body with a threaded section, a method for punching out and bending three-dimensional shaped bodies from a film web section, a manufacturing method for producing three-dimensional shaped bodies with at least one threaded section and a three-dimensional shaped body with a threaded section are described.

Description

Technical area

[0001] A forming device for punching out and bending three-dimensional shaped bodies from a film web section, a thermoforming device for forming at least one three-dimensional shaped body with a threaded section, a method for punching out and bending three-dimensional shaped bodies from a film web section, a manufacturing method for producing three-dimensional shaped bodies with at least one threaded section and a three-dimensional shaped body with a threaded section are described. background

[0002] Closure elements with a thread, such as caps for bottles, especially beverage bottles, are manufactured from a plastic, particularly polypropylene (PP), using an injection molding process. The corresponding beverage bottles, on the other hand, are usually made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). PP has proven itself as a material in that it can be easily processed using an injection molding process. As a result of developments in the field of recycling of products and resources, the demand for simple solutions that can also be easily recycled is increasing. In some countries, for example, it is already required that bottle caps can no longer be separated from a container. For further processing in a recycling process, the caps must then be separated from the bottles, as caps and bottles are usually made of different materials.PET items are easier to recycle than PP because PET is mechanically recyclable. PP requires chemical recycling, whereby chemolysis allows plastics to be completely depolymerized and then resynthesized.

[0003] Furthermore, the production of PP bottle caps using an injection molding process is associated with high costs due to the highly complex design of the injection molding tools. Furthermore, a relatively large amount of material is required to produce caps using an injection molding process, as the structure of the cap must be sufficiently strong against external influences, to open the bottle, and to compensate for internal pressures (especially in the case of carbonated beverages). Task

[0004] The object is therefore to provide an alternative that provides both a single type of packaging system consisting of a container and a closure, as well as simple and cost-effective production of three-dimensional molded bodies, in particular closure elements with a threaded section, and a reduction in the resources required while at least maintaining the same properties for the production of molded bodies / closure elements. The object is also to reduce the manufacturing effort through an alternative process and to provide a simple tool design to achieve the objectives. Furthermore, one object is to optimize production by simplifying process steps and the tools involved. Solution

[0005] The above-mentioned object is achieved by a forming device for punching out and bending three-dimensional shaped bodies from a film web section, comprising an ejection unit with at least one ejection element and a bending unit with at least one continuous channel, wherein the at least one channel has at least one conical channel section, wherein the at least one ejection element and the at least one channel for punching out and bending three-dimensional shaped bodies are aligned with one another and are movable relative to one another, wherein the at least one ejection element is at least partially displaceable into the at least one channel in order to punch out a three-dimensional shaped body from the film web section and to at least partially bend it during the displacement through the at least one conical channel section.

[0006] The forming device enables three-dimensional shaped bodies, for example closure elements with a threaded section (e.g. lids), to be punched out of a film web section of a film web and for the three-dimensional shaped body to be partially bent. Closure elements can be formed in a film web section of a film web using three-dimensional shaped bodies that are manufactured in a thermoforming process. The film web section then has shaped regions. These regions can, for example, be pre-punched after forming, whereby protruding elements (so-called flaps) are formed in the three-dimensional shaped bodies or closure elements, which run in the plane of the film web section, whereby the side wall sections of closure elements run essentially orthogonal to the film web section and thus to the protruding elements.During the final punching process via the pressing unit and folding unit, the closure element and its protruding elements (flaps) are separated from the film web section. For further processing, the flaps must be bent out of alignment. For this purpose, the folding unit has at least one conically tapered channel section in its at least one channel, which serves both as a punching channel and as a folding channel for bending. In the at least one conical channel section, the essentially orthogonally protruding elements (flaps) are bent during the displacement of a shaped body or a closure element, since the diameter of the conical channel section decreases. The smallest diameter of the conical channel section essentially corresponds, for example, to the outer diameter of a closure element in the area away from the protruding elements, so that no forming or bending takes place in this area.Depending on the design of the conical channel section, bending can occur in a range between 35° and 100°. For this, the alignment of protruding elements relative to the main extension direction of the formed area of three-dimensional elements is crucial. Typically, the protruding elements extend orthogonally to the main extension direction of the formed area of three-dimensional elements.

[0007] Bending orthogonally arranged elements over 90° can be achieved, for example, by a conical channel section whose smallest diameter is smaller than the outer diameter of a closure element in the area away from the protruding elements. This can be followed by a channel section, e.g. a cylindrical channel section whose diameter is essentially the same size as the outer diameter of the closure element in the area away from the protruding elements. The conical channel section therefore has a constriction in which the closure element is compressed when pushed through. After pushing through, the closure element can return to its previous extension thanks to its annular design, as the deformed areas are sufficiently flexible. The protruding elements are also compressed in the constriction and thus bent over 90°, for example.However, after passing the constriction, the protruding elements can maintain their alignment because there is no internal stress, as in the annular area of the closure element.

[0008] In the case of an ejection unit with several ejection elements, these can be driven or displaced directly or indirectly, whereby the ejection elements can be displaced, for example, together via a pusher plate or each can be displaced via a separate drive means.

[0009] In further embodiments, in particular the diameter of an inlet region of the at least one channel can be smaller than the diameter of an annular region which comprises the protruding elements, so that the protruding elements are bent over as soon as the protruding regions are detached from the film web section by punching and displacement relative to the plane in which the film web section is fed. Advantageously, the inlet region can merge directly into the conical channel section and thus be part of the conical channel section. In further embodiments, at least one conical channel section can extend at a distance from an inlet region, wherein such an inlet region can have a diameter equal to or smaller than an annular region with protruding elements of a three-dimensional shaped body, e.g. a closure element.

[0010] Furthermore, a molding device can be designed as a multi-cavity tool and have several ejection elements and channels.

[0011] In further embodiments, the at least one channel can have a second section with a cylindrical cross-section downstream of the at least one conical section in the displacement direction of the at least one ejection element. The bent elements can be guided in such a second section and, for example, further cooled.

[0012] In further embodiments, the diameter of the cylindrical section can be smaller than or equal to the smallest diameter of an upstream conical section.

[0013] In further embodiments, the at least one ejection element can have a spring-loaded element at one ejection end to assist in the ejection and pressing or displacement of three-dimensional molded bodies, e.g., closure elements, through the at least one channel. This results in a uniform distribution of force and ejection effect, particularly in a multi-cavity mold with a plurality of ejection elements. Furthermore, the previously formed molded bodies are subjected to less stress.

[0014] In further embodiments, the spring-loaded element can consist of or comprise a flexible material. The flexible material allows for the displacement of the molded body while maintaining elasticity, so that the spring-loaded element can be slightly compressed. Such a spring-loaded element can, for example, consist of an elastomer and / or silicone or comprise such a material.

[0015] In further embodiments, the diameter of the at least one ejection element can be smaller than the smallest diameter of the at least one channel. This ensures that protruding elements (e.g., flaps) are bent when an ejection element dips into the molded body and pushes it through the channel. The bending of the protruding elements must not be impaired, so that the ejection element, at least at its dipping end, has a smaller diameter than the inner diameter of a molded body.

[0016] In further embodiments, an immersion opening of the at least one channel can have an edge that at least partially has cutting elements or a radius. The immersion opening can, for example, be an inlet region from which the conical channel section extends. The cutting elements support the punching or, in further embodiments, can provide complete separation of shaped bodies from a film web section if, for example, no pre-punching takes place. Cutting elements can, for example, be formed by an edge in the inlet region or the immersion opening. Such an edge can be sharp-edged. Alternatively, the edge can have a radius that supports or initiates the bending of protruding elements when a shaped body is immersed.

[0017] In further embodiments, the folding unit can have at least one movable folding element for additionally bending at least one part of a three-dimensional shaped body. Such a folding element can, for example, be designed as a so-called slider and, through a displacement in the folding unit, can dip into the at least one channel and, for example, cause additional deformation or further bending of protruding elements. In further embodiments, for example, several folding elements (sliders) can be provided, which, for example, surround a section of the at least one channel and can be displaced radially, vertically, horizontally, or obliquely.

[0018] In further embodiments, the at least one folding element can be displaceable horizontally and / or vertically.

[0019] The above-mentioned object is also achieved by a thermoforming device for forming at least one three-dimensional shaped body with a threaded portion, at least comprising a forming tool for forming at least one shaped body with a threaded portion, a device for providing a film web, wherein the film web is preferably a plastic film, in particular a PET film, a heating device for heating the film web, and a forming device according to one of the embodiments described above.

[0020] The above-mentioned object is further achieved by a method for punching and bending three-dimensional shaped bodies from a film web section, comprising the following steps: - feeding a film web section with at least one previously formed three-dimensional shaped body into a punching and / or folding area between a pressing unit and a folding unit, - Aligning the at least one three-dimensional shaped body to at least one channel of the folding unit and at least one ejection element of the ejection unit, - relative displacement of the at least one ejection element and the at least one channel, wherein the at least one ejection element dips into the three-dimensional shaped body, - further displacement of the at least one ejection element, wherein the at least one ejection element pushes the three-dimensional shaped body out of the film web section and the three-dimensional shaped body is at least partially bent within at least one conical channel section of the at least one channel, while the three-dimensional shaped body passes through the at least one conical channel section.

[0021] The process offers, in a single process step in a forming station (folding unit and ejection unit), the punching out of formed molded bodies and the bending of parts of molded bodies, e.g., protruding elements (flaps). In such a forming station, no hot forming takes place; instead, the molded bodies are punched out and partially bent. This subsequently eliminates a further process step and reduces manufacturing costs. In particular, the further reduction in effort and costs makes the production of closure elements made of PET even simpler and more efficient. With regard to further advantages and details of the process, reference is also made to the above explanations regarding the molding equipment.

[0022] In further designs, three-dimensional shaped bodies can be pre-punched so that in a forming station with a folding unit and a pressing unit, only punching and separating the connection between the shaped body and the film web section in a few steps needs to take place. With pre-punching, for example, a shaped body can be almost completely separated from a film web section. For example, a connection between a shaped body and a film web section may only exist at individual points or short sections. During punching via the pressing unit, the connection is then separated at these points or short sections. For example, this can be done simply by applying pressure to the connection or by additional cutting, e.g. using cutting elements on a corresponding edge in the folding unit.

[0023] In further embodiments, three-dimensional shaped bodies can be pre-punched with a ring and / or protruding elements (flaps), wherein the ring and / or the protruding elements extend in the feed direction of the film web section in the plane of the film web section.

[0024] In further embodiments, the ring and / or the protruding elements can have a radius of between 0.5 and 3 mm to an adjacent wall of a shaped body.

[0025] In further embodiments, the protruding elements can be bent by the at least one conical channel section essentially between 35° and 100°. Bending preferably occurs in a range between 45° and 95°, in particular between 60° and 90°.

[0026] In further embodiments, the protruding elements in at least one second channel section can be bent substantially between 80° and 190°. Preferably, bending can occur between 90° and 180°.

[0027] In further embodiments, the folding unit can have at least one movable folding element, and the at least one movable folding element can be displaced parallel and / or orthogonally to the direction of movement of the at least one ejection element. For example, sliders can be inserted into a second channel section to effect additional bending.

[0028] The above-mentioned object is further achieved by a manufacturing method for producing three-dimensional shaped bodies with at least one threaded section, comprising at least the following steps: - forming at least one three-dimensional shaped body with a threaded portion in a film web portion of a film web, wherein the at least one three-dimensional shaped body protrudes from the film web portion; - pre-punching the at least one three-dimensional shaped body in the film web section, wherein protruding elements are formed within an annular section surrounding the three-dimensional shaped body; - punching out the at least one three-dimensional shaped body with the protruding elements by means of an ejection unit with at least one ejection element and a folding unit with at least one continuous channel; - Bending the projecting elements in at least one conical channel section of the at least one channel, while the at least one three-dimensional shaped body is moved over the at least one ejection element within the at least one channel; and - Ejecting at least one three-dimensional shaped body with bent, protruding elements.

[0029] The production of molded articles, particularly closure elements, is shortened and simplified by integrating the bending process step into the punching process step, as described above with regard to the molding device and the punching and bending process. Previously, bending was performed in a separate system in additional processing steps. This increased the complexity of the prior art for the production of molded articles. The integration described herein, in contrast, significantly reduces the manufacturing effort and time.

[0030] In further embodiments, after bending the protruding elements in the at least one conical channel section, further bending of the protruding elements can be performed via at least one movable bending element. The further bending also takes place within a forming station with an ejection unit and a bending unit.

[0031] In further embodiments, pre-punching can take place after the formation of the three-dimensional molded body. A separate pre-punching step can be provided for this purpose. In alternative embodiments, pre-punching can take place in a forming station for forming the molded bodies in the film web section.

[0032] The above-mentioned object is finally also achieved by a three-dimensional molded body with a threaded portion, which is or will be manufactured according to one of the above manufacturing methods. The three-dimensional molded body is preferably a closure element with protruding elements and in particular a lid with flaps. Furthermore, the molded body is preferably made of PET. Such a molded body can be used, for example, as a lid for PET bottles, wherein the lid and bottle can be recycled together (mechanical recycling). This does not require the separation of bottle and lid, nor does it require complex chemical recycling.

[0033] Further features, embodiments and advantages emerge from the following representation of exemplary embodiments with reference to the figures. Short description of the characters

[0034] In the drawings shows: Fig. 1 a schematic sectional view of a bottle neck with screwed-on cap; Fig. 2 a schematic representation of a lid in perspective view in an intermediate step; Fig. 3 a schematic representation of a lid in perspective view; Fig. 4 a schematic sectional view of a lid; Fig. 5 a further schematic sectional view of a bottle neck with screwed-on cap; Fig. 6 schematic representations of a first tool component; Fig. 7 a schematic representation of a molding tool with a first tool component and a second tool component in a further embodiment; Fig. 8 a schematic representation of the formation of a groove in further embodiments of a cover; Fig. 9 a schematic representation of a pre-lid in perspective view after forming; Fig. 10 a schematic representation of a pre-lid in perspective view after bending; Fig. 11 a schematic representation of a forming station with a pressing unit and a folding unit and a film web section of a film web; Fig. 12-15 a schematic representation of the movement sequence with different states when punching out pre-lids from a film web section and when bending flaps in a perspective view; and Fig. 16 a schematic representation of a method for producing lids. Detailed description of implementation examples

[0035] Exemplary embodiments of the technical teaching described herein are presented below with reference to the figures. The same reference numerals are used in the description of the figures for identical components, parts, and processes. Components, parts, and processes that are not essential to the technical teaching disclosed herein or that would be apparent to a person skilled in the art are not explicitly reproduced. Features stated in the singular are also included in the plural, unless explicitly stated otherwise. This particularly applies to statements such as "a" or "an."

[0036] Fig. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a bottle neck 210 of a Fig. 1 shows a bottle 200 (container) only partially shown, with a screwed-on lid 100, which is used as a closure element for the bottle 200. In the following description of the figures, the term "lid" is also used as a synonym for "closure element." Closure elements can also have a different design, as shown in the exemplary embodiments in the figures. For example, instead of an internal thread for closing a container opening from the outside, closure elements can have an external thread, which can be screwed into a correspondingly designed container opening. Furthermore, lids 100, pre-lids 101, or closure elements are three-dimensional shaped bodies.

[0037] The bottle neck 210 has a design typical, particularly for plastic bottles made of PET. At its upper, open end, the bottle neck 210 initially has a bottle thread 212, which is designed as an external thread. Extending circumferentially below the bottle thread 212 at a slight distance therefrom is a circumferentially formed barb 220, which, in interaction with the barbs of a lid 100 (the barbs are also referred to as flaps 134), makes opening the bottle 200 more difficult after it has been initially closed by a lid 100 and makes this opening visible by tearing open a perforation 150 on the lid 100. A circumferential ring 224 is located slightly below the barb 220.

[0038] The lid 100 has a threaded portion 110, a central lid portion 120, a flange portion, and a ring 130. The central lid portion 120 has a downwardly directed curvature 122. The flange portion 114 extends from the edge of the curved region of the central lid portion 120, parallel to the bottle neck 210. The flange portion 114 of the lid 100 forms a sealing flange 116, via which the lid 100 is pressed against the inner wall of the bottle neck 210. The pressure on the sealing flange 116 is exerted via the curvature 122. The greater the pressure on the curvature 122, the greater the pressure on the sealing flange 116 or the flange portion 114. For example, a 200 litre bottle containing a carbonated beverage can have a high internal pressure, for example, up to 7 bar. This high pressure is, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1, is transferred to the flange section 114 via the curvature 122, so that as the internal pressure in the bottle 200 increases, the pressing effect in the region of the flange section 114 increases. The height or extension of the sealing flange 116 or the flange section 114 can additionally influence the seal in the region of the sealing flange 116. For example, the height in the flange section 114 is at least 2 mm.

[0039] The radius of the curvature 122 is preferably 1.5 times the inner diameter of the bottle neck 210 + / - 20%.

[0040] Starting from the flange section 114, a lid edge 124 extends circumferentially over a corresponding edge of the bottle neck 210. On the outside of the lid 100, the threaded section 110 with a thread pitch 112 extends circumferentially. The thread of the lid 100, designed as an internal thread, corresponds to the bottle thread 212, which is designed as an external thread. Below the threaded section 110, the lid 100 has a region designed as a ring 130, which has a second section with a toothing 140 and a securing section 132. The securing section 132 has flaps 134, which are bent over at the lower end of the lid 100 and, as barbs, are supported on the underside of the circumferentially formed barb 220. Additionally, the securing portion 132 has a perforation 150 extending between the area with the flaps 134 and the toothing. The perforation 150 does not extend completely around the cover 100.When the lid 100 is opened for the first time, the lower part with the flaps 134 and the section above it with the toothing 140 separate in the area of the perforation 150. The lower part with the flaps 134 remains on the bottle neck 210 and the remaining lid 100 can be removed from the bottle neck 210, whereby both parts remain connected to each other via a non-perforated section.

[0041] As shown in the figures, the area of the cover 100 with the ring 130 has a larger diameter than the threaded section 110. In the illustration in Fig. 1, it should be noted that the flaps 134 are shown in a bent state.

[0042] The choice of diameters results from the design of the mold and in particular the threaded section 110, so that during demolding no tilting or locking occurs due to the demolding movement.

[0043] In the manufacture of lids 100, a ring is first formed at the lower, open end of a lid 100. This ring extends essentially in a plane orthogonal to the vertical axis through the lid 100. Fig. Figure 2 shows a lid 100 or a pre-lid 101 in an intermediate step during production, with an annular region with flaps 134 that has already been punched. Pre-lids 101 are referred to below as lids that are not yet fully formed and are, for example, still connected to a film web section 310 of a film web 300, whose flaps 134 have not yet been bent over and / or whose securing section 132 has not yet been perforated.

[0044] The formation of the flaps 134 takes place in several steps. First, a pre-lid 101 is formed from a preheated film web, preferably from a PET film, which has a circumferential area with flaps 134 at the lower end, as shown in Fig. 2 is shown schematically by the dashed line. Subsequently, the edge is pre-punched in a subsequent processing step, whereby the flaps 134 are formed. During pre-punching, only a few connections remain between the film web section 130, which surrounds the flaps 134, and the flaps 134. The pre-lid 101 is then punched out in a subsequent processing step, and the flaps 134 are bent over, as shown, for example, in the following Fig. 12-15. The flaps 134 can be bent over to such an extent that the flaps 134 are subsequently directed inwards, as shown in Fig. 1. In further embodiments, the flaps 134 can be bent only so far that they run essentially parallel to a concentric vertical axis of the lid 100 or pre-lid 101, wherein when a lid 100 is placed on a bottle neck 210, a further bending occurs until the flaps 134 engage behind the barb 220 and thus secure the lid 100 to the bottle neck 210. Alternatively, the flaps 134 can already be essentially completely bent before being placed on the bottle neck 210, so that the placement on the bottle neck 210 and the transfer in the region of the barb 220 is facilitated.

[0045] In a further processing step, the locking section below the toothing 140 is also perforated. Special machines ("slitters") can be used for this purpose, such as those already used for slitting injection-molded lids. In further embodiments, slitting can be provided as a downstream processing step in a machine for producing lids 100. In the illustrated embodiment, the toothing 140 is provided for mechanical perforation in such machines. The toothing 140 can be engaged with a drive gear or pinion for further processing of the lid 100 and thus driven in a controlled manner during further processing.

[0046] Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a lid 100 in perspective view, showing the formation of the perforation 150. The perforation 150 in the illustrated embodiment extends below the section with the toothing 140 and has a plurality of longitudinal slots provided on the circumference, with one area having no perforation 150 so that after the lid 100 is opened for the first time, it remains connected to the bottle neck 210 via the lower part.

[0047] Fig. 4 shows a schematic sectional view of a lid 100. There, the formation of the flaps 134 and the perforation 150 can be seen, wherein the slits of the perforation 150 completely penetrate the material of the film web.

[0048] In the illustrated embodiment, the lid 100 has a substantially uniform thickness across its entire area. Material shrinkage or thinning may occur during thermoforming with hot forming tools 400. Lids 100 can be produced from a plastic film in a thermoforming process using a forming tool 400 with various thicknesses, with a film web 300 or plastic film having a thickness of 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm being used.

[0049] Fig. 5 shows a further schematic sectional view of a bottle neck 210 with a screwed-on cap 100. The inner diameter D1 in the region of the ring 130 is larger than the inner diameter D2 in the region of the threaded portion 110, so that a corresponding molded part 440 of a molding tool 400 does not come into contact with the formed areas of the ring 130 during demolding, as described below. Fig. 5, the flaps 134 in the securing section 132 are already fully formed. During demolding, the flaps 134 are not yet formed, but protrude laterally as a protruding ring, as shown in Fig. 5 is shown schematically by the dashed lines. It is thus evident that during demolding using a correspondingly designed molded part 440, a collision between the molding tool and the formed film section cannot occur.

[0050] Fig. 6 shows schematic representations of a first tool component 410 of a molding tool 400 that can be used in a thermoforming machine for forming and producing lids 100 from a thermoformable film material, in particular PET. The exemplary embodiment shows a tool table 412 of the first tool component 410, which is coupled to a first drive. Via the first drive, the tool table 412 and thus the components connected thereto can be displaced in a displacement direction relative to a second tool component 450 for closing a molding tool 400. A first drive can, for example, comprise a spindle drive or toggle lever.

[0051] A tool body 414 is connected to the tool table 412 and can be moved together with the tool table 412 via the first drive. The tool body 414 has a frame that serves to accommodate additional components. The tool body 414 or the frame has a tool plate 428 that is firmly connected to the tool body 414 and cannot be moved relative to the tool body 414 and the tool table 412. The tool plate 428 has openings in which drive rods 424 are guided, which are connected at their lower end to a drive plate 422. The drive plate 422 can be moved independently of the first drive via a second drive, e.g., a linear drive 430. The second drive can be coupled to a movement of the tool table 412, so that the components for displacement by the second drive can be moved together with a displacement of the tool table 412.However, the displacement of the second drive can occur independently of the first drive. In further embodiments, the components for displacement by the second drive can not be connected to the tool table 412.

[0052] The drive rods 424 are connected to a threaded plate 416 at their upper end. The threaded plate 416 has an opening with an internal thread that serves as a threaded nut 418 for a threaded spindle 420. Alternatively, a separate threaded nut 418 can be arranged on the threaded plate 416. The threaded spindle 420 is rotatably mounted on the drive plate 422. For this purpose, the drive plate 422 can, for example, have an opening into which a lower end of the threaded spindle 422 is inserted. In further embodiments, the drive plate 422 can have a pin, bolt, or shaft onto which a threaded spindle 420 is placed with a corresponding receptacle and can be rotated thereon. The position of the threaded spindle 420 relative to the drive plate 422 cannot be changed. The threaded spindle 420 is only rotatably mounted thereon.

[0053] An upper end of the threaded spindle 420 is guided through a corresponding opening in the tool body 412 and connected at its upper end to a molded part 440, or the threaded spindle 420 is formed at its upper end as a molded part 440. In the illustrated embodiment, the molded part 440 is located on a contact surface 415 of the tool body 414.

[0054] When the drive plate 422 is displaced by the linear drive 430, a guided, linear displacement of the threaded plate 416 with the threaded nut 418 occurs. The displacement of the threaded plate 416 leads to a rotation of the threaded spindle 420 and thus to the rotation of the molded part 440. At the same time, for demolding, the entire tool table 412 with the molded part 440 can be displaced via the first drive, for example downwards, so that a first mold section 442 with a thread 443 of the molded part 440 is unscrewed while the molded part 440 is simultaneously displaced downwards. This enables demolding of thermoformed threads.

[0055] In the exemplary embodiment shown, the molded part 440 has a second mold section 444, which has a toothing 445, and a third mold section 446. In this exemplary embodiment, the second mold section 444 and the third mold section 446 are not rotatable, unlike the mold section 442 with the thread 443. In such embodiments, the second mold section 444 and the third mold section 446 can, for example, be firmly connected to the tool body 414. In further embodiments, the second mold section 444 and the third mold section 446 can be reversibly connected to the tool body 414 and secured against rotation by locking features. In still further embodiments, the second mold section 444 and the third mold section 446 can form a unit.The second mold section 444 and the third mold section 446 can have a through opening in which a shaft or the like is guided, which connects the first mold section 442 to the threaded spindle 420, so that a rotation of the threaded spindle 420 only leads to a rotation of the first mold section 442 with the thread 443, but not of the second mold section 444 and the third mold section 446 of the molded part 440. This ensures that a toothing 445 is not rotated during demolding and thus a correspondingly shaped region of the lid 100 with a toothing 140 is retained.

[0056] The molded part 440 has a depression 448 as a molding surface in a central area for forming a curvature 122.

[0057] In Fig. 6 shows the state after demolding, wherein a lid 100 has been formed from a PET film in a region of a film web 300, and the formed lid 100 has been demolded. The film web 300 with the lid 100, which is essentially not yet fully formed, is then further processed and, for example, punched, punched-out areas are bent over to form flaps 134, and the lid 100 is perforated in the region of the ring 130.

[0058] To form lids 100 from PET, a preheated film web 300 is first brought into a forming area between a first tool component 410 and a second tool component 450 of a forming tool 400. The forming tool 400 is then closed by relative displacement of the first tool component 410 and the second tool component 450, whereby the film web 300 comes into contact with the contact surface 415 and the forming surface of the molded part 440. The film web 300 is then sucked in at least in the region of lids 100 or the molded part 440 and / or pressed onto the forming surface of the molded part 440 by means of overpressure, whereby the film contacts the surface of the molded part 440 and, in some areas, the contact surface 415 and assumes the shape of the forming surface. In addition, the film cools down on the relatively cold surface of the forming surfaces, so that the film hardens.The lid 100 must then be demolded, whereby a combined movement via the first drive and the second drive takes place.

[0059] In this case, the first drive and the second drive can be coupled to one another, with positive control being provided. A linear movement of the drive plate 422 and thus of the threaded plate 416, as well as a rotation of the threaded spindle 420 and thus of the first mold section 442 with thread 443, can be dependent on and determined by a displacement of the tool table 412.

[0060] During the movement of the tool table 412 away from the molding area, e.g., downward, the first mold section 442 rotates, so that the thread 443 is unscrewed from the formed threaded section 110 of the cover 100. The dimensions of the cover 100 and its thread pitch 122 must be taken into account. The travel movements of the first drive and the second drive must then be coordinated accordingly. Furthermore, the pitch of the thread pitch of the threaded spindle 420 must be designed and configured for the required movement and rotation.

[0061] The rotation of the first mold section 442 with the thread 443 and the displacement of the tool table 412 are to be designed such that the mold section 442 can be unscrewed without damaging the formed threaded section 110 of the cover. After the first mold section 442 has been unscrewed from the threaded section 110, further rotation can be interrupted and the molded part 440 can be produced solely by displacing the tool table 412. Since the diameters D1 and D2 (see Fig. 5) are selected accordingly, no blockage or damage occurs when the molded part 440 is moved through the different sections 442, 444, 446.

[0062] The displacement across the tool table 412 can be divided into two sections, with each section being able to be completed at different speeds. For example, the tool table 412 can be moved more quickly after the first forming section 442 has been unscrewed from the threaded section 110.

[0063] After demolding, the area of the film web 300 with the formed lid 100 is moved out of the molding area, and a new section of the film web 300 can be formed as described above. For this purpose, the molding tool 400 moves back into a closed position. In order for the demolding to be repeated in a corresponding manner as described above, the threaded plate 416 must first be returned to its starting position by displacing the drive plate 422 via the linear drive 430. In the starting position, depending on the design of the thread (left- or right-hand thread), the threaded plate 416 can be located in an upper area or in a lower area of the tool body 414.

[0064] Fig. 7 shows a schematic representation of a molding tool 400 with a first tool component 410 and a second tool component 450 in a further embodiment.

[0065] The mold 400 from Fig. 7 is designed for the simultaneous forming of a plurality of lids 100. For this purpose, the first tool component 410 has a drive plate 422, which, like the drive plate 422 of the embodiment of Fig. 6 is linearly displaceable via a linear drive 430. The drive plate 422 is guided over a plurality of columns 426. The columns 426 are connected at their lower end to the tool table 412 and at their opposite upper end to the tool plate 428. The tool plate 428 has openings through which drive rods 424 are guided. The drive rods 424 are connected to the drive plate 422 and to a threaded plate 416. The threaded plate 416 has a plurality of openings. Threaded nuts 418 are located in the area of the openings. The threaded nuts 418 engage with threaded spindles 420. The threaded spindles 420 are rotatably mounted on the tool plate 428 and are connected at their upper end to mold parts 440 or a first mold section 442 of the mold parts 440.

[0066] The second tool component 450 has a tool table 452, which moves the second tool component 450 via a separate drive or a drive coupled or synchronized with the first drive. A tool body 454 is arranged on the tool table 452. The tool body 454 has a hold-down bracket 480. The hold-down bracket 480 has a number of openings corresponding to the number of mold parts 440, which, in conjunction with the mold parts 440, define a mold space 456.

[0067] The first tool component 410 further comprises a clamping frame 432 supported by springs 433. The clamping frame 432 has a number of openings corresponding to the number of mold parts 440.

[0068] To form lids 100, a film web is first introduced into the forming area between the first tool component 410 and the second tool component 450 of the opened forming tool 400. Fig. 7 shows an opened forming tool 400. The film web 300, which has been preheated via an upstream preheating station of a thermoforming system, is then in contact with the contact surface 415 or extends over the contact surface 415 at a small distance.

[0069] Subsequently, the first tool component 410 and the second tool component 450 are displaced relative to one another, with the film web 300 coming to rest on the contact surface 415. Upon further relative displacement of the first tool component 410 and the second tool component 450, the hold-down bracket 480 comes into contact with the film web and presses it against the forming surface 415, whereby the clamping frame 432 is pressed downward via the hold-down bracket 480 against the force of the springs 433 as the forming tool 440 is further closed. In this case, the formed parts 440 protrude from the forming surface 415 of the clamping frame 432 and pre-form the film web. When the forming tool 440 is closed, the areas of the film web 300 to be deformed are held against the forming surface 415 by the edges of the openings of the hold-down bracket 480.Inside the openings of the hold-down bracket 480, the areas of the film web are held on the one hand by the hold-down bracket 480 and on the other hand pre-formed by the molded parts 440 protruding from the molding surface 415. Subsequently, the film is sucked into the areas held by the hold-down bracket 480 via corresponding suction channels of the first tool component 410. Alternatively or additionally, an overpressure can be generated in the molding chamber 456. In the above variants, the film is pressed against the surfaces of the molded parts 440 and partially against the molding surface 415 in the respective areas, so that the film is deformed accordingly. Since the molding surface 415 and the surfaces (mold sections) of the molded parts 440 are not actively heated, sudden cooling occurs, whereby the film assumes the shape of the molded parts 440.In further embodiments, at least certain areas of the tool components can be actively cooled to support rapid cooling. For this purpose, the tool components are made of a metal or metal alloy (e.g., aluminum) with high thermal conductivity to dissipate the thermal energy introduced via the film web 300.

[0070] After forming, the demoulding of the formed lids 100 in the film web 300 is carried out, as already described for the execution of Fig. 6, wherein a linear displacement of the first tool component 410 simultaneously results in a rotation of the first mold sections 442 of the mold parts 440. In the Fig. 7, the displacement of the drive plate 422 and the rotation of all threaded spindles 420 and the associated mold parts 440 or the rotatable parts of the mold parts 440, in the embodiment of Fig. 7 of the first mold sections 442 with thread 443, via a single second drive or via a single linear drive 430. It is not necessary to provide a separate drive for each of the threaded spindles 420. Thus, a large number of lids 100 can be produced with a simple tool design, whereby thermoformed lids 100 with a thread can be manufactured.

[0071] The design of the mold 400 and the tool components 410 and 450 may differ from the embodiment shown in the Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 differ in further versions.

[0072] Instead of displacement via a threaded spindle 420, an equivalent drive can also be used, which translates a linear movement of a second drive, e.g., a linear drive 430, into a rotational movement for a molded part 440 or a first mold section 442 with thread 443. Thus, the second drive or linear drive 430 also encompasses the use of equivalent drives.

[0073] Additionally or alternatively, as shown schematically in Fig. 8, a groove 180 or channel can be formed in the region of the flange section 114, into which, after the lid 100 has been manufactured in a thermoforming process, decorative elements such as discs can be inserted in order to protect the curvature 122 from the outside and / or to indicate a designation of the contents, the manufacturer, etc.

[0074] The formation of a groove 180 is shown schematically and can, for example, be analogous to the formation of undercuts, which are common in plastic lids or cups during the thermoforming process. Such undercuts generally do not require any moving tool parts because, due to the appropriate design of the depth, radius, etc., they are sufficiently flexible to be pulled out of a corresponding mold channel, etc., during demolding. For example, such an undercut can have a depth of 1 mm.

[0075] The representation in Fig. 8 schematically shows the formation of a groove 180. In some embodiments, a groove 180 may not protrude so far inwards, i.e. from the central cover section 120 with the curvature 120 in the direction of the threaded section 110 with the thread, as in Fig. 8, so that the lid 100 can bear against a bottle neck 210 or the like essentially over its entire surface in the region of the flange portion 114. In further embodiments, a groove 180 can also be formed only by a taper, so that the flange portion 114 bears completely against a bottle neck 210 or another container interior portion on the side facing said bottle neck 210 or other container interior portion.

[0076] Fig. 9 shows a schematic representation of a pre-lid 101 in perspective view after forming in a thermoforming process, e.g. in a forming station 500.

[0077] Fig. 9 shows the formation of a pre-lid 101 after forming, wherein the flaps 134 are in the plane of a film web section 310 (in Fig. 9 not shown). After pre-punching, the flaps 134 can, for example, have only one connection point with the surrounding film web section 310 per flap 134, wherein the connection points extend at specific points or over a short section.

[0078] Fig. Figure 10 shows a schematic representation of a pre-lid 101 in perspective view after bending and punching, wherein the flaps 134 extend to the ring 130. The flaps 134 of such a pre-lid 101 can then be further bent in a second folding step until they, for example, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. A second bending can be performed using movable slides in a bending tool, such as a bending unit 550.

[0079] Fig. 11 shows a schematic representation of a forming station 500 with an ejection unit 510 and a folding unit 550 and a film web section 310 of a film web 300. The forming station 500 is arranged downstream of a further forming station in which at least one forming of lids 100 or pre-lids 101 takes place in a film web section 310. Furthermore, pre-punching can take place upstream in a forming station in which both forming and pre-punching take place, or pre-punching takes place in a punching station upstream of the forming station 500.

[0080] In the embodiment shown by Fig. 11, the forming station 500 is designed to punch out pre-punched pre-lids 101 from a film web section 310 and to bend the formed flaps 134.

[0081] The forming station 500 has a pressing unit 510. The pressing unit 510 has a pressing plate 512, which can be displaced downward relative to a film web section 310 via a drive. A plurality of pressing elements 514 are arranged on the pressing plate 512, each having a pressing element 516 made of a rubber-like material at its end. The arrangement and design of the pressing unit 510 enables simultaneous punching of pre-lids 101 from a film web section 310 with formed, pre-punched pre-lids 101 by moving the pressing plate 512.

[0082] The forming station 500 has a folding unit 550 having folding guides 552. The folding guides 552 are formed by a plate 554 having a plurality of channels 560. The folding unit 550 is arranged below the film web section 310. The folding unit 550 and the ejection unit 510 are aligned and arranged with respect to one another such that the channels 560 and ejectors 514 or ejection elements 516 are opposite one another, so that upon a relative displacement of the ejectors 514 and the channels 560, the ejection elements 516 dip into the channels 560.

[0083] The channels 560 have in the embodiment of Fig. 11 one in the Fig. 12-15. In the exemplary embodiment, the folding unit 550 and the pressing unit 510 are displaceable relative to one another, wherein for this purpose the pressing unit 510 or the folding unit 550 or both units can be displaced together and are connected to a corresponding drive for this purpose.

[0084] In the exemplary embodiment, the forming station 500 is designed for the simultaneous punching and bending of 42 pre-lids 101. In further embodiments, fewer or more pre-lids 101 can be formed in a film web section 310, so that a forming station 500 is designed accordingly. In further embodiments, a pressing unit 510 and a folding unit 550 or components thereof can be interchangeable in order to convert a device or thermoforming device to other lids, closure elements, or molded bodies and / or to adapt to a different film material or film width.

[0085] The Fig. 12-15 show a schematic representation of the movement sequence with different states when punching out pre-lids 101 from a film web section 310 and when bending flaps 134 in a perspective view.

[0086] The folding eyelet 552 of the folding unit 550 has a plate 554 with a plurality of channels 560, each of which is identically configured. The channels 560 extend from a surface 556 of the plate 554 and penetrate the plate 554. The channels 560 have an immersion opening 564, a conical channel section 562, and a cylindrical channel section 566. The immersion opening 564 extends into the surface 556 and forms the beginning of the conical channel section 562. Depending on the design and pre-processing of the pre-covers 101, the edge 565 of the immersion opening 564 can have a radius to support or initiate the bending of flaps 134 upon immersion into the conical channel section 566. In further embodiments, at least portions of the edge 565 may be sharp-edged to assist or perform separation of connection points between flaps 134 and the film web section 310 surrounding the flaps 134.In such embodiments, the film web 300 is generally brought into contact with the surface 556 over a large area.

[0087] The diameter of the immersion opening 564 is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of a pre-cover 101 with protruding flaps 134, so that the outer ends of the flaps 134 protrude beyond the immersion openings 564 when the pre-cover 101 is placed on the surface 556 (see Fig. 13).

[0088] The conical channel section 562 forms a channel with a decreasing diameter for the pre-covers 101, wherein the smallest diameter at the lower end essentially corresponds to the outer diameter of a pre-cover 101 in the region of the threaded section 110, because this section has the largest outer diameter in a finished cover 100. This ensures that the formation of a cover 100 is not impaired when the flaps 134 are bent over, and that the narrowing of the channel only affects the flaps 134. Accordingly, the ejection elements 516 have a smaller outer diameter than the smallest inner diameter of a cover 100, so that the ejection elements 516 can dip in and out without damaging a cover 100. The ejection elements 516 are designed at their lower end such that they come into contact with an outer region of the curvature 122 of a pre-cover 101.This ensures that no pressure is applied to the center of the curvature 122 during the pressing process, which would lead to unwanted deformation or damage. The inclination of the pressing elements 516 in the contact area with the curvature 122 essentially corresponds to the course or curvature of the curvature 22. Finally, the punching pressure exerts pressure via the pressing elements 516 in the edge area of the curvature 122, essentially applying pressure to the flange section 114, whereby the force introduction thus acts linearly on the flange area 114, which counteracts deformation of a pre-cover 101.

[0089] Directly adjoining the conical channel section 562 is a cylindrical channel section 566, the inner diameter of which essentially corresponds to the smallest diameter of the conical channel section 562. The formation of a cylindrical channel section 566 is optional, whereby the orientation of flaps 134 can be further influenced in a cylindrical channel section 566.

[0090] In yet further embodiments, further conical sections and cylindrical sections can be located in a channel 560. Furthermore, in further designs, slides can be arranged which, for example, can dip into a cylindrical channel section 566 and further bend flaps 134. For example, slides can be introduced laterally into such a channel section. Several slides can also be provided which extend circumferentially around such a channel section and can be displaced together. In designs with several channels 560 in a plate 554, the slides of all channels 560 can be moved together. For this purpose, the slides can, for example, be coupled to one another.

[0091] The taper of the conical channel section 562, ie, the change in the diameters described above, can, for example, be in a range between ½ the height of a pre-cover 101 and twice the height of a pre-cover 101. The height of the cylindrical section 566 can also be between ½ the height of a pre-cover 101 and twice the height of a pre-cover 101.

[0092] In the embodiment of the Fig. 12-15, which shows a section of the forming station 500 of Fig. 11, a film web section 310 with formed pre-lids 101 of a film web 300 is introduced into a punching area between the pressing unit 510 and the folding unit 550 and the film web section 310 is aligned such that the pre-lids 101 are located between the channels 560 and the pressing elements 516. Fig. 12 shows the state with aligned pre-lids 101 of a film web section 310 between a pressing unit 510 and a folding unit 550. The film web section 310 is spaced apart from the pressing elements 516 and the surface 556 of the folding unit 550.

[0093] Fig. 13 shows the state after the ejection elements 516 of the ejectors 514 have been immersed in the interior of the pre-lids 101 and displaced downwards by a displacement of the pusher plate 512. As a result of the downward displacement of the ejection elements 516 after the immersion of the ejection elements 516 into the interior of the pre-lids 101 and after the lower ends of the ejection elements 516 have come into contact with an edge region of the curvature 122, the connection between the flaps 134 of the pre-lids 101 and the film web section 310 has been severed by a further displacement. In the embodiment shown, the separation at the connection points occurs solely through the pressure applied to the connection points.

[0094] After the punching described above, the outer ends of the flaps 134 of pre-covers 101 come into contact with the area of the surface 556 surrounding the immersion opening 564.

[0095] Upon further displacement of the pre-lids 101 via the ejection elements 516, the flaps 134 of the pre-lids 101 begin to bend. Subsequently, the pre-lids 101 reach the conical channel section 562 via a further displacement of the ejection elements 516, wherein the flaps 134 are increasingly bent with further movement due to the decreasing diameter in the conical channel section 562 until they reach the Fig. 10 shown orientation. Fig. 14 shows the state in which the pre-lids 101 with the bent flaps 134 are located in the cylindrical channel section 566. After passing through the cylindrical channel section 566, the pre-lids 101 with the bent flaps 134 are brought out of the channels 560 and ejected, as in Fig. 15. The pre-lids 101 can then fall into a collecting container and from there be fed for further processing. Subsequently, the pushers 514 are moved upwards again by displacing the pusher plate 512 until they reach the Fig. 11 and Fig. 12. The film web section 310 is then moved further, and a new film web section 310 with reshaped pre-lids 101 enters the punching area, whereby the punching and bending process described above can be repeated.

[0096] Fig. 16 shows a schematic representation of a method 600 for producing lids 100. In the production of lids 100, in a first step 610, a plastic film, for example a PET film web 300, with a layer thickness in the range of 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm is first provided. A film web section 310 of the film web 300 is then fed to a first station of a thermoforming system in a subsequent step 620 and preheated there to the forming temperature. The feeding takes place in cycles. Subsequently, in a downstream step 630, the preheated film web 300 is fed in cycles into a forming area of an open forming tool 400 (see, for example, Fig. 7) was introduced.

[0097] Subsequently, in a step 640, a relative displacement of a first tool component 410 and a second tool component 450 of the forming tool 400 takes place. In a step 650, the film web section 310 of the film web 300 is then formed in regions with molded parts 440 to form lids 100. In a subsequent step 660, the formed pre-lids 101 are demolded. The demolding process 660 comprises substeps such as the displacement of the tool components 410 and 450 in a step 661, a displacement of the drive plate 442 in a step 662, and a rotation of the threaded spindles 420 and the first mold sections 442 connected thereto in a step 663.

[0098] After demolding in step 660, the molding tool 400 is opened, and the film web section 310 of the film web 300 with the formed pre-lids 101 is cyclically removed from the molding area. The film web section 310 with the formed pre-lids 101 is then pre-punched in a step 670, leaving only a few connection points between the flaps 134 and the film web section 310 surrounding the flaps 134. The connections at the connection points ensure that the pre-lids 101 remain aligned in the film web section 310. For this purpose, it may be sufficient, for example, to maintain a connection at only three connection points.

[0099] The film web section 310 with the pre-punched pre-lids 101 is then brought into the punching area of a forming station 500, wherein, as described above with reference to the Fig.12-15, punching takes place in a step 680 and finally, in the same forming station 500, bending takes place in a step 690. Upon further displacement after punching and bending in the forming station 500, the punched and bent pre-lids 101 are finally ejected in a step 694.

[0100] Subsequently, further processing steps can follow in a step 696. For example, further processing can take place in the thermoforming system or a downstream, separate processing station. Post-processing can include, for example, perforating an edge of the lid 100 and optionally further bending of flaps 134.

[0101] The presented solution enables the production of 100 thermoformed lids in high volumes using a simple tool design, thus providing an alternative to injection-molded lids. This solution is significantly more efficient in terms of cost and material usage than conventional lids and manufacturing methods, as well as the required tooling. Furthermore, the integration of a bending process into a punching step is provided, further reducing manufacturing effort and costs. List of reference symbols 100 lids 101 Pre-cover 110 threaded section 112 threads 114 Flange section 116 Sealing flange 120 cover section 122 Curvature 124 Lid rim 130 rings 132 Security section 134 flaps 140 gearing 150 perforation 180 groove 200 bottles 210 Bottleneck 212 bottle thread 220 barbs 224 rings 300 film strips 310 film strip section 400 mold tool 410 First tool component 412 tool table 414 tool bodies 415 contact surface 416 threaded plate 418 threaded nut 420 threaded spindle 422 drive plate 424 drive rod 426 Column 428 tool plate 430 linear actuator 432 clamping frames 433 spring 440 molded part 442 first mold section 443 thread 444 second mold section 445 Gearing 446 third mold section 448 Forming sink 450 Second tool component 452 tool table 454 tool bodies 456 molding room 480 hold-down glasses 500 forming stations 510 ejection unit 512 push plate 514 squeezers 516 ejection element 550 folding unit 552 fold-over glasses 554 plate 556 Surface 560 channel 562 (conical) channel section 564 Immersion opening 565 edge 566 (cylindrical) canal section 600 procedures 610-696 Procedural steps

Claims

[1] Forming device for punching out and bending three-dimensional shaped bodies from a film web section, comprising an ejection unit with at least one ejection element and a bending unit with at least one continuous channel, wherein the at least one channel has at least one conical channel section, wherein the at least one ejection element and the at least one channel for punching out and bending three-dimensional shaped bodies are aligned with one another and are movable relative to one another, wherein the at least one ejection element is at least partially displaceable into the at least one channel in order to punch out a three-dimensional shaped body from the film web section and to at least partially bend it during the displacement through the at least one conical channel section. [2] Forming device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one channel has a second section with a cylindrical cross-section downstream of the at least one conical section in the displacement direction of the at least one ejection element. [3] Forming device according to claim 2, wherein the diameter of the cylindrical portion is smaller than or equal to the smallest diameter of an upstream conical portion. [4] Forming device according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the at least one ejection element has a spring-loaded element at a ejection end. [5] Forming device according to claim 4, wherein the spring-loaded element consists of or comprises a flexible material. [6] Forming device according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the diameter of the at least one ejection element is smaller than the smallest diameter of the at least one channel. [7] Forming device according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein an immersion opening of the at least one channel has an edge which at least partially has cutting elements or a radius. [8] Forming device according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the folding unit has at least one movable folding element for additionally bending at least a part of a three-dimensional shaped body. [9] Forming device according to claim 8, wherein the at least one folding element is horizontally and / or vertically displaceable. [10] Thermoforming device for forming at least one three-dimensional shaped body with a threaded portion, at least comprising a forming tool for forming at least one shaped body with a threaded portion, a device for providing a film web, wherein the film web is preferably a plastic film, in particular a PET film, a heating device for heating the film web, and a forming device according to one of claims 1 to 9. [11] Method for punching and bending three-dimensional shaped bodies from a film web section, comprising the following steps: - feeding a film web section with at least one previously formed three-dimensional shaped body into a punching and / or folding area between a pressing unit and a folding unit, - Aligning the at least one three-dimensional shaped body to at least one channel of the folding unit and at least one ejection element of the ejection unit, - relative displacement of the at least one ejection element and the at least one channel, wherein the at least one ejection element dips into the three-dimensional shaped body, - further displacement of the at least one ejection element, wherein the at least one ejection element presses the three-dimensional shaped body out of the film web section and the three-dimensional shaped body is at least partially bent within at least one conical channel section of the at least one channel while the three-dimensional shaped body passes through the at least one conical channel section. [12] Method according to claim 11, wherein three-dimensional shaped bodies are pre-punched. [13] Method according to claim 12, wherein three-dimensional shaped bodies are pre-punched with a ring and / or protruding elements, wherein the ring and / or the protruding elements extend in the feed direction of the film web section in the plane of the film web section. [14] Method according to claim 13, wherein the ring and / or the projecting elements have a radius of between 0.5 and 3 mm to an adjacent wall of a shaped body. [15] Method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the projecting elements are bent by the at least one conical channel section substantially between 35° and 100°. [16] Method according to one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the projecting elements are bent substantially between 80° and 190° in at least one second channel section. [17] Method according to claim 16, wherein the folding unit has at least one movable folding element and the at least one movable folding element is displaced parallel and / or orthogonal to the direction of movement of the at least one ejection element. [18] Manufacturing method for producing three-dimensional shaped bodies with at least one threaded section, comprising at least the following steps: - forming at least one three-dimensional shaped body with a threaded portion in a film web portion of a film web, wherein the at least one three-dimensional shaped body protrudes from the film web portion; - pre-punching the at least one three-dimensional shaped body in the film web section, wherein protruding elements are formed within an annular section surrounding the three-dimensional shaped body; - punching out the at least one three-dimensional shaped body with the protruding elements by means of an ejection unit with at least one ejection element and a folding unit with at least one continuous channel; - Bending the projecting elements in at least one conical channel section of the at least one channel, while the at least one three-dimensional shaped body is moved over the at least one ejection element within the at least one channel; and - Ejecting the at least one three-dimensional shaped body with bent, protruding elements. [19] Manufacturing method according to claim 18, wherein after the bending of the protruding elements in the at least one conical channel section, a further bending of the protruding elements takes place via at least one movable bending element. [20] Manufacturing method according to claim 18 or 19, wherein the pre-punching takes place after the formation of the three-dimensional shaped body. [21] Three-dimensional shaped body with a threaded portion produced by a manufacturing method according to one of claims 19 to 20.

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