System for waterborne ship hulls with devices and methods for optimizing energy efficiency

Abstract

In so-called classic displacement ships, the hull speed limits the maximum achievable speed. The hull speed of displacement ships is defined as the physical limit of the maximum speed achievable in water. The most significant obstacle is the bow wave generated during travel [Fig. 02 (① )]. Devices and methods according to the invention eliminate or at least reduce the disadvantages caused by this obstruction, so that, in compliance with hydrophysical laws, it becomes possible to exceed the speed defined as the hull speed for displacement vessels, thus enabling an improvement in energy efficiency.

Description

Technical field

[0001] The invention relates to a system with devices for water-movable ship hulls having the features of the preamble of claim 1 and to a method having the features of the preamble of claims 9 and 10.

[0002] Watercraft or other floating objects with certain, but not uniformly defined, characteristics are described in the category of ships. A clear distinction between the term "ships" and other floating objects is not known.

[0003] Mechanical ship propulsion systems are used for the purpose of moving a ship in a specific direction. This is achieved by mechanical devices moving water, generating a directed force vector to propel the ship in a defined direction and at a defined speed. Water movements intended for propulsion that do not generate a force vector useful for movement are functionally and energetically suboptimal, reducing efficiency and thus energy efficiency. All generable water movements that do not serve the intended purpose and do not produce a useful force vector should be avoided as far as possible. State of the art

[0004] In so-called classic displacement ships, the hull speed limits the maximum achievable speed.

[0005] The hull speed of displacement ships [cf. Fig.

[01] is defined as the physical limit of the maximum speed achievable in water. A displacement hull is characterized by the fact that – no matter how much power is applied – the hull does not rise out of the water and therefore does not enter a planing state. A significant obstacle is the bow wave generated during travel [ Fig. 02 (02-01)]

[0006] Most modern large displacement ships of conventional design have mechanical propulsion systems in the stern area, which, as a result of a directed force vector, push the ship and thereby cause water to build up in the bow area, so that a bow wave to be displaced [ Fig. 02 (①)] is created. The water mountain [ Fig. 02 (02-01)] of the resulting bow wave [ Fig.02 (02-01)] impedes the journey and is energetically inefficient. To eliminate this disruptive bow wave, conventional displacement vessels typically displace this bow wave laterally while underway. Fig. 03]. This lateral displacement [ Fig. However, 03 (03-07), (03-08)] is not energetically optimal for locomotion.

[0007] From DE000001249115B (patent specification 1 249 115 - filing date 10 August 1964) a patent application is known with a ship propulsion system in which the water inlet opening at the bow of the ship is designed as an open cylindrical tube.

[0008] Such devices are known as ship propulsion systems, but they cannot prevent the formation of a bow wave.

[0009] It doesn't matter what procedures, methods, devices or other measures are used: when a displacement ship is moving, water must be displaced in some direction. Object of the invention

[0010] Displacement vessels generate a bow wave during travel due to displacement, creating dynamically recurring resistance. This resistance is non-linear and increases with speed. To reduce the resistance of the resulting bow wave, its formation must be largely prevented.

[0011] The object of the invention is, in particular, to at least reduce or better eliminate the energetically unfavorable hydrodynamic resistance of the dynamically generated bow waves by means of methods and devices according to the invention.

[0012] Force vectors acting laterally, causing lateral displacement of the bow wave water, as is common with displacement hulls, are energetically unfavorable. The term "lateral" here describes all undefined directions.

[0013] Since the bow wave [ Fig. 02 (①)] emerging water mound [ Fig. [02 (02-01)] is a significant hydrodynamic obstacle, this obstacle must be removed before it can form as a bow wave. The objective of the invention is to dynamically remove or hinder the formation of this hydrodynamically generated bow wave during travel, in order to eliminate or at least reduce, or prevent from forming, the hydrodynamic resistances that would otherwise occur, and thereby improve energy efficiency. Description of the invention

[0014] A displacement ship of conventional design displaces the water that accumulates in the bow area as a result of its movement, primarily laterally [ Fig. 03 (see curved arrows)] [ Fig. 03 (03-07), (03-08)].

[0015] The term "lateral" here describes all undefined directions. Lateral displacement results from laterally directed force vectors and therefore does not represent a useful force vector for forward motion, thus being energetically unfavorable.

[0016] Using methods and devices according to the invention, the bow wave [ Fig.02 (①)] the resulting damming is preferably prevented or at least largely eliminated and transported away before it occurs, so that the hydrodynamic resistance of a developing bow wave that would otherwise occur can be avoided or at least largely reduced or eliminated, and at the same time a useful force vector can be formed in the direction of travel, whereby a longitudinal transport of the water against the direction of travel is advantageous.

[0017] By actively removing water from the resulting bow wave – even before it forms a disruptive water mound – against the direction of travel, the energy expenditure of mechanical devices can be converted into an optimizable force vector with beneficial properties. The term "bow wave" thus takes on a different meaning, since after this "treatment" it should no longer exist in its previous form.

[0018] To actively remove water from the area of ​​action of a forming bow wave before the formation of a water mound of the bow wave, mechanical devices are provided with facilities for force-fit attachment at technically and functionally advantageous locations.

[0019] An exemplary schematic representation of the invention [see Fig. 05] shows a bow wave forming during the journey [cf. Fig. 05 (BW)], which is powered by a mechanical propulsion device that can be placed in the bow area [cf. Fig. 05 (Prop)] (here with a ship propeller acting in the flow field of the bow wave [cf. Fig. 05 (Prop)]) already in the formation phase by a water transport into the stern region [cf. Fig. 05 (H)] can be eliminated. Ideally, the build-up of a forming bow wave should then be prevented [cf. Fig. 05 (BW)] the waterline [cf. Fig.do not exceed 05 (WL)].

[0020] The Fig. Figures 17-18 show the principle according to the invention for eliminating a build-up of water caused by a bow wave. Fig. 17 shows an already formed bow wave [ Fig. 17-B (B-06)] with a hindering mound of water ahead of the bow [ Fig. 17-B (B-02)].

[0021] To prevent the formation of a backup, the water to be drained from the bow area is directed into a bypass flow device according to the invention, open in the direction of travel and designed for flow through [ Fig. 17-C (C-07)] is conveyed actively or passively by means of water-conducting devices.

[0022] Water is removed from the accumulating build-up of the resulting bow wave by means of actively acting mechanical devices [ Fig. 17-B (B-06)] into this flow device [ Fig. 17-C (C-07)] can be introduced and passed through for effective water removal.

[0023] The dimensions of the dynamically generated bow wave are influenced, among other things, by the respective dimensions of the frontal areas of a displacement hull. To control this dynamically generated bow wave [cf. Fig. 01, Fig. 02] to avoid having to displace the water into a functionally unusable area, e.g. laterally, during the journey, according to the invention the water of the accumulating bow wave is displaced in the flow area of ​​the forming bow wave [cf. Fig. 12 (12-02)] by means of flow-effective guide devices [ Fig. 12 (12-11)] adjustable directed channeling and into a bypass flow device [ Fig. 12 (12-09)] introduced [ Fig. 12 (12-07)] and preferably to a functionally advantageous and technically suitable destination [ Fig. 12 (12-08)] introduced, passed through and conveyed away. For this purpose, the flow device [ Fig.12 (12-09)] an inlet opening in the direction of travel with inflows from the forming build-up of the bow wave and an outlet opening against the direction of travel. The flow devices must be dimensioned so that they can receive and pass through the inflowing volume of the bow wave without build-up.

[0024] In this exemplary embodiment, a mechanical device [ Fig. 12 (12-06)] actively remove this water from the area of ​​action [ Fig. 12 (12-02)] transport the forming bow wave to a functionally advantageous and technically suitable location, preferably using a mechanical device with a drive function. This can, for example, [ Fig.12 (12-06)] in the bow area or at another functionally suitable location, as well as in the stern area, and should be able to perform this task, e.g., with ship propellers. Placing this mechanical device with a drive function in the bow area or in a flow-through device has flow-related advantages.

[0025] Flow devices (see Fig. 12) Water should be removed from the forming build-up of the bow wave [cf. Fig. 01, Fig.

[02] before a hindering build-up can occur. For this purpose, these devices and their inlet openings for the inflow of water from the bow area are dimensioned so large that inflow and flow through these devices is possible even without active mechanical water movement, and thus preferably at least a sufficiently large quantity of water can be transported away from the build-up of a forming bow wave before a water mound of the bow wave can form. The transport of the water from the forming bow wave to the stern region is advantageous because the force vectors generated thereby support forward propulsion.

[0026] To avoid situations where the backwater effect due to the bow wave is greater or less than the acutely required flow rate through the flow-through devices, flow-effective adjustable devices, guide devices [ Fig.12 (12-06)], foils and the like are designed to be configurable so that, by means of positionable, adjustable devices and actuators that can be moved translationally and rotationally in 3D space, the flows can be guided and redirected as needed, e.g. by adjustment [see also Fig. 04 (04-04)] adjustable devices or by functionally comparable measures.

[0027] With the method and devices according to the invention, the formation of a hindering build-up of a bow wave can be prevented already in the formation phase, wherein controllable and regulating flow-effective devices with machine-supported actuators extending into the flow field of the forming bow wave are provided, which are intended to act definably in the area of ​​the forming build-up of the bow wave.

[0028] These flow-enhancing devices are intended to transport as much water as possible from the accumulating area of ​​the forming bow wave so that no obstructive build-up can occur.

[0029] For this purpose, controllable and adjustable devices with force-fit actuators and guide devices and their equipment, as well as definably adjustable foils and possibly other functional devices, are provided on the ship and / or on devices.

[0030] The flow-effective adjustable, water-moving and water-conducting controllable and regulating devices, actuators and guides, as well as mechanical devices and their equipment, such as ship propellers, which are movable translationally and rotationally in 3D space, can be attached to the ship directly or indirectly by means of a force-fit connection.

[0031] The hydrodynamic and other parameters of dynamically developing bow waves can be detected using sensors. These sensors record function- and system-relevant as well as hydrodynamic parameters in the area of ​​a developing bow wave and its flow fields and transmit this data to a control system. Since the formation of a bow wave must be prevented in advance, suitable control engineering methods and devices are provided for this purpose, including methods of model-based predictive control (MPC) [see...]. Fig. 19] and their variants. Based on the determined hydrodynamic parameters and, if applicable, further recorded parameters which are functionally connected to the control device, function-relevant adjustment devices in the flow paths and flow fields as well as those of the devices and actuators can be adjusted.

[0032] To generate demand-based, definable water movements, ideally definable and activatable mechanical drive devices are provided, which transport the developing backwater of the emerging bow wave. Attachable mechanical water-moving devices, as well as water-conducting devices of guide vanes, foils, and the like, which can be definably adjusted by actuators, should be able to convey the water intended for transport through the flow-through devices with a definable and controllable volume, so that the obstacle of the bow wave can be removed even before a backwater effect occurs.

[0033] Water-moving devices and water-conducting systems should be able to operate as needed and in a definable manner. For this purpose, machine-assisted devices designed as actuators with positionable, adjustable, and definably adjustable components are provided in and at functionally relevant locations. Mountable devices for attaching flow-relevant actuators and their components are provided in the flow field of the forming bow wave, whereby guide devices and foils can also be definably adjustable, moved, positioned, and controlled in 3D space, both rotationally and translationally.

[0034] Using methods from the class of NMPC variants with MPC control and machine support of the positionable, adjustable devices and actuators, rapid adjustments to dynamic conditions are possible. MPC uses a discrete-time dynamic model of the process to be controlled to calculate the future behavior of the process as a function of the input signals. [cf. Fig. 19]

[0035] The measurable data of function-relevant, system-relevant, and hydrodynamically relevant sensor parameters are fed to a control device functionally connected to the system.

[0036] Based on the recorded parameters, which are functionally linked to the control device, the predefinable controllable actions of the actuators and the setting devices can be executed according to the supplied data and the specifications of the computer-aided system.

[0037] By means of activatable, machine-assisted, fast-acting actuators, flow-relevant, flow-influenceable devices, such as guide devices, foils and functionally comparable devices, as well as devices set up for water movements and diversions, can be defined, positioned, adjusted and set up, with their functions being controllable and regulating.

[0038] Bow waves change dynamically, so the adjustable and controllable devices must be adaptable to these parameters in order to prevent the build-up of a bow wave before it even occurs.

[0039] Sensory devices are provided at and in functionally relevant, system-relevant and hydrodynamically relevant locations to determine detectable parameters, which are functionally connected to the control device in order to set a temporal flow profile in flow paths and flow fields of the forming bow wave within the action area of ​​the actuators, foils, guide devices and their equipment and the flow-through devices based on the determined flow volume and / or possibly other detected parameter values.

[0040] The above problem is solved by a device according to claims 1 to 8 and a method according to claims 9 and 10.

[0041] Advantageous configurations arise from the respective dependent requirements.

[0042] According to the invention, the device mentioned above includes a device for determining the specific flow volume of a ship to be moved in water based on recorded parameters, which is functionally connected to the control device in order to set a temporal flow profile within the flow paths based on the determined flow volume and / or optionally further recorded parameter values.

[0043] Hydrodynamically relevant regions, devices, processes, facilities and the like are to be understood in particular as those which are dynamically involved directly or indirectly in the system and which, above all, exert or can exert a local, geometrically, structurally and technically determined, dynamically effective influence on hydrodynamic flows, whereby the hydrodynamically relevant measurement parameters also depend on or are influenced by this. Machine devices

[0044] The bow wave during travel ( Fig. 02) emerging water mound [ Fig. 02 (02-01)] is a significant hydrodynamic obstacle. To eliminate this obstacle, the formation of a bow wave must be prevented before it can occur.

[0045] According to the invention, methods and devices are used in which the water mound dynamically generated during the journey ( Fig. 02 [02-01]) the bow wave ( Fig. 02 [02-04]) is removed or can be removed by means of a mechanical device, such as a drive device, before it can form into a hindering build-up.

[0046] To prevent unfavorably directed force vectors, adjustable guide devices are used by means of machine-assisted actuators [cf. Fig.04 b (04-04)], adjustable foils and other functionally comparable water-conducting devices are provided. These are intended to limit and channel the hydrodynamically generated bow wave [cf. Fig. 04 b (04-09)] and thereby prevent propagation in energetically and functionally unfavorable directions, e.g. lateral directions.

[0047] The translational and rotational mobility as well as adjustability and adaptability of adjustable load-bearing devices in 3D space is provided by means of controllable, adjustable load-stable machine-assisted actuators.

[0048] The generation of functional water flows with a directed force vector includes mechanical devices with adjustable, controllable and adjustable components, so that changes in direction can also be made possible by means of adjustable, positionable, definably adjustable, controllable and adjustable guide devices, such as foils and functionally comparable devices, whereby computer-aided control devices, networks with adjustment devices and sensors for definable adjustment of adjustable flows are provided.

[0049] By means of time-symmetrical acquisition of the parameters of the respective signals, a computer-aided correlation of the system-related dependencies over time can be determined.

[0050] A control device links the detectable parameters of the bow wave as well as other determinable technically, functionally relevant and system-relevant and hydrodynamically relevant parameters of the devices and their equipment extending into the flow area of ​​the bow wave with the time-symmetrically machine-generated parameters of pressures, flow and volumes and other technically and functionally relevant parameters and their temporal profile based on detected and possibly further parameters and specifications.

[0051] In this process, further parameters are recorded in a time-symmetrical manner in the area of ​​the flow paths and flow fields of the guide devices, foils and their equipment, as well as bypass flow devices and other devices, equipment, inflow paths and flows, and outflow paths.

[0052] A device that is functionally connected to the control device determines the specific flow volume based on recorded parameters in order to set a temporal flow profile in flow paths and flow fields within the action area of ​​the guide devices and their devices as well as the flow devices and other devices based on the determined flow volume and / or possibly other recorded parameter values.

[0053] Mechanical devices that can be attached to guide devices and their equipment for the definable and controllable influencing of water flows have force-fit attachments to the ship's hull, which are mechanically adjustable, flow-effectively adjustable, controllable, steerable, and positionable, wherein controllable and steerable devices that can be attached to mechanically supported actuators are movable translationally and rotationally in 3D space. overview

[0054] In so-called classic displacement ships, the hull speed limits the maximum achievable speed. During travel, the displacement creates a bow wave, which generates dynamically recurring resistance. Regardless of the procedures, methods, devices, or other measures employed, water must always be displaced in some direction when a displacement ship is underway.

[0055] The object of the invention is, in particular, to reduce or eliminate the energetically unfavorable hydrodynamic resistance of the dynamically generated bow waves by means of methods and devices according to the invention.

[0056] Measures intended to eliminate an existing bow wave are too late, as the bow wave already exists by then.

[0057] According to the invention, the formation of a bow wave is therefore prevented by making it possible to transport the water of a developing bow wave before the bow wave forms.

[0058] For this purpose, the water that could accumulate in the bow area during travel should be removed before and during its formation phase. The aim is to avoid the formation of unfavorable force vectors, with a favorable force vector being provided for when the water is transported against the direction of travel.

[0059] Preferably, this water is introduced into devices designed for flow and having openings in the direction of travel by means of water-conducting devices, which are referred to as guide devices.

[0060] Guiding devices are those devices that, due to their position and shape, direct water. The flows that can be triggered by them can be generated without the intervention of mechanical devices and are described as passive. Water flows that can be generated by means of mechanical devices, on the other hand, can be described as active in this context.

[0061] Flow-through devices have an inlet opening in the direction of travel and an outlet opening against the direction of travel, e.g. in the rear area.

[0062] Guide devices operate within the developing flow field of the bow wave, channeling the water of the forming dam into openings of the flow-through devices. These devices are force-fitted to the ship and feature adjustable, controllable mechanisms.

[0063] Furthermore, foils act as guide devices as well as machine-assisted actuators with their equipment.

[0064] The objective of the invention is to eliminate the adverse resistance caused by the obstructive build-up of the bow wave. Therefore, the flow introduced by the guide devices with the functional elements, e.g., foils, through the flow-through devices must be able to prevent a build-up in the bow area, so that the outflow of water from the bow wave area through these flow-through devices can remove as much of the volume of the forming bow wave as possible.

[0065] Passive flows generally result from a relative movement of the ship with the bypass flow device attached to it in a force-fit manner, compared to the surrounding water.

[0066] In this context, active flows are those flows that are generated by means of mechanical devices, e.g. by means of ship propellers in flow devices.

[0067] To prevent the formation of a bow wave from occurring in the first place, methods are provided to determine the dimensions of a developing bow wave. However, since time-symmetrical measures against already developed bow waves are not possible when a state has already occurred, control engineering methods are employed that enable predictive planning, allowing action to be taken based on past experience, measurements, and data, as well as current conditions in the future. For this purpose, methods of model-based predictive control (MPC) and its variants are provided (see [reference]). Fig. 19).

[0068] In the flow paths and flow fields of developing bow waves, positionable, adjustable, controllable, and adjustable devices on the foils and guide vanes, movable both rotationally and translationally in 3D space, direct water from an incipient build-up into the bypass flow devices. The bypass flow devices are configured so that, as a result of the bow water displacement during movement, it is guided into the bypass flow devices with the assistance of the guide vanes.

[0069] The guide devices, foils and the like are movable translationally and rotationally in 3D space, adjustable and controllable, and have activatable machine-actuated actuators for adjusting the respective adjustment devices.

[0070] The flow through [cf. Fig. 18 (3)] through the bypass flow devices [cf. Fig.18 (10)] is provided to be adjustable, controllable and regulating. For this purpose, adjustable, controllable and regulating devices are provided in these devices intended for flow through [cf. Fig. 18 (13, 16)] provided for, by means of which outflows and inflows can be carried out at definable locations, e.g. by means of flaps, openings, mechanical devices or definable devices that meet requirements or are functionally comparable.

[0071] The number and arrangement of the bypass flow devices depends in principle on functional or purpose-related requirements.

[0072] Passive bypass flow devices are less expensive and technically less complex than actively operating mechanical devices. Passive bypass flow devices can also be installed on sailing ships, for example.

[0073] Since bow waves cause high hydrodynamic resistance, eliminating the generation of this resistance during travel results in more favorable energy conditions with opportunities for CO2 reduction and higher speeds. Designs and figures

[0074] Fig. Figure 01 shows a simplified perspective representation of a displacement ship at full speed with a bow wave [ Fig. 01 (BW)], spray and wake. The maximum achievable speed in displacement mode is the hull speed and cannot be exceeded even with powerful propulsion systems.

[0075] Fig. Figure 02 shows, in a side projection, a schematically simplified illustration of the problems of a mechanically propelled displacement vessel [ Fig. 02 (Ship)] while underway (arrow symbol in the direction of travel). The ship displaces [ Fig. 02 ①] Water [ Fig. 02 (02-06)] in the bug area [ Fig. 02 (02-03)], so that a dynamically accumulated bow wave [ Fig. 02 (02-04)] a water mound in the bow area [ Fig. 02 ①] forms. As a result of the wave dynamics, a tail wave is created in the rear area [ Fig. 02 ②]. The level of the water mountain [ Fig. 02 (02-01)] of the bow wave [ Fig. 02 (02-04)] is higher than the waterline [ Fig. 02 (02-05)] in idle state.

[0076] According to the invention, the water is removed from the action area of ​​the bow wave [ Fig. 02 (02-04)] actively transported away, e.g. advantageously to the rear region [ Fig. 02 (②)], so that the functional barrier [ Fig. 02 (①) in the bow area can thus be removed. This creates a force vector which, according to the invention, can be advantageously used for propulsion. Fig. 02 02-01 Water mound of the bow wave = ① 02-02 Lowering of the waterline in the stern area = ② 02-03 Bug 02-04 Bow wave 02-05 Waterline 02-06 Water, H2O 02-07 Ship - arrow pointing right in the direction of travel = Ship

[0077] Fig. Figure 03 shows a schematically simplified top view of a displacement ship [ Fig.03 (SHIP with arrow symbol in direction of travel)] with bow wave in the bow region [ Fig. 03 (03-01)], Heck [ Fig. 03 (03-05)] and wake [ Fig. 03 ((03-03 / 03-04) = WAKE)].

[0078] As a result of the ship's movement, in the direction of travel [ Fig. 03 (SHIP with arrow symbol)] a displacement of water in front of the ship in the bow area [ Fig. 03 (03-01)] as a bow wave corresponding to a build-up of water in front of the ship. For the displacement ship to be able to move at all, the displaced water must, of course, go somewhere. The curved arrows shown in the bow area symbolize the lateral displacement of the bow water during the journey. This process of dynamic displacement requires a high energy expenditure. Wave formation results in the stern area [ Fig. 03 (03-05)] a wake. Turbulence with air bubbles creates the clearly visible wake [ Fig. 03 (03-03 / 03-04)].

[0079] The idea according to the invention is to eliminate this dynamic build-up, which represents an undesirable flow resistance as a bow wave, by transporting the water of the water mound accumulating in the bow area to a functionally more favorable location already during its dynamic formation. Fig. 03 03-04 = WAKE WATER = KIELWASSER 03-03 = KAILWATER = WAKE WATER 03-05 = Airflow in the rear area 03-01 = Bug, bug region SHIP = Displacement ship underway = Direction of travel of the displacement ship 03-07, 03-08 = Curved arrows in the bow area = water displacement in the bow area

[0080] Fig. Figure 04 shows a schematically simplified top view of a displacement ship [ Fig. 04 (04-05] Arrow symbol in direction of travel) with bow wave [ Fig. 04 (04-02)] in the bug area [ Fig. 04 (04-01)] and wake [ Fig. 04 (04-07)] in the rear area [ Fig. 04 (04-06)]. By means of translationally and rotationally movable, adjustable, controllable, adjustable, positionable guide devices in 3D space [ Fig. 04 (04-04)] the accumulating bow water of the bow wave is channeled [ Fig.04 (04-09)] is fed into a flow device (not shown here) and then actively transported as a result of the action of the propulsion device. As a result of this transport, the generation of a directed force vector is possible, so that preferably the outflowing water (backward-pointing arrow behind the stern in the wake) is transported into an area that enables an advantageous effect. For example, in the case of transport towards the stern [ Fig. 04 (04-06)] thereby generates a force vector that is advantageous for locomotion.

[0081] In a flow-through device with an inlet and an outlet, e.g. a flow channel, which is connected to a propulsion device, e.g. a ship's propeller, water is removed from the bow area and a force vector is generated in the outflow area, e.g. in the stern area, which is or can be used to move the ship.

[0082] By means of guide devices [ Fig. 04 (04-04)] can be a flow-relevant part of the bow wave [ Fig. 04 (04-02)] are introduced and passed through flow devices.

[0083] With a propulsion device in the stern area, e.g. a ship's propeller in the flow device, e.g. in a tube with an inlet and an outlet, a suction effect is created in the bow area. With an outflow in the stern area, a force vector is created which can be used advantageously for propulsion.

[0084] In the case of a propulsion device in the bow area, e.g. a ship's propeller, a pressure acting in the bow area is created in the flow device, e.g. a tube with an inlet and an outlet.

[0085] Adjustable and Regulated Guide Devices [ Fig.04 (04-04)] thereby direct the generated flows towards functionally advantageous areas or locations, whereby the force vectors obtainable as a result of directed flows can be used usefully, e.g. for an advantageous force vector in a definable direction of travel.

[0086] In this process, a network of sensors determines flow-relevant hydrodynamic parameters, which are functionally linked to the control device, in order to set a temporal flow profile in the flow fields of the guide devices and flow-through devices based on the recorded parameters over time.

[0087] Depending on the forces that can be triggered or acted upon by currents on the guide devices, these can also be designed as foils or wing-like guide devices and steering devices. Fig. 04 04-01 Bug 04-02 Bow wave 04-03 Water, H2O 04-04 Guide device, guide surfaces, conduit 04-05 Ship - arrow pointing right in the direction of travel 04-06 tail 04-07 KEEL WATER with arrow pointing towards the rear outflow 04-09 Inflow - curved double arrows

[0088] Fig.05 schematically shows the function of a propulsion device [ Fig. 05 (Prop)], e.g. with a ship's propeller [ Fig. 05 (Prop)], which is in the bow area on the part of the invention [ Fig. 05 (B)], can be placed. The water movements that can be generated here with such a device in this position lead to a suction of water from the resulting water mound of the bow wave [ Fig. 05 (BW)] and to transport this water into a tunnel-like flow device [ Fig. 05 (T)].

[0089] In this schematically simplified representation, water transport results from the forming bow wave [ Fig. 05 (BW)] from the bow area to an outflow into the stern area [ Fig. 05 (H)] through the tunnel [ Fig. 05 (T)], thereby increasing the amount of water in the bow wave [ Fig. 05 (BW)] wholly or partially or increasingly through the propulsion activity in the rear area [ Fig.05 (HW)] is transported away. As a result of the suction in the bow area [ Fig. 05 (B)] and the resulting removal of the accumulated water in the bow area [ Fig. 05 (B)] towards the stern area, depending on the amount of water, the water level in the bow area may also drop, causing the bow wave to disappear. Fig. 05 (BW)] come and a reinforcement of the tail wave [ Fig. 05 (HW)].

[0090] As a result of the suction in the bow area and the jet effect of the water through the tunnel to the stern area, a forward movement of the ship results [ Fig. 05 (→Ship→ here in the direction of the arrow)]. Fig. 05 HW = wake BW = Bow wave WL = Waterline Prop = Propulsion = (Ship Propulsion) = ship propulsion B = Bug H = tail T = tube, canal, pipe ←T← = Flow direction through T (tube, canal) →Ship→ = forward movement of the ship

[0091] Fig. Figure 06 shows, in a side projection, a highly simplified schematic representation of the inventive method with a drive device [ Fig. 06 (Prop)] in the rear area [ Fig. 06 (H)]. Through a functional inlet opening, such as a funnel [ Fig.06 (Tr)] the water flows into a flow-through device, e.g. into a flow-through channel [ Fig. 06 (Ch)], so that this water flowing into the funnel as a result of the directed movement of the ship as well as by a suction of the propeller [ Fig. 06 (Prop)] flows to the stern [ Fig. 06 (in)] with arrow symbol pointing left) from the entrance of the funnel [ Fig. 06 (Tr)] to the outflow in the rear area [ Fig. 06 (out)].

[0092] For this purpose, preferably only the inlet and outlet area is open for flow, while the rest is closed, so that a flow is achieved by means of the drive device [ Fig. 06 (Prop)] the flow triggered in the rear area thereby creates a suction in the inlet opening. This increases the volume of the incoming water [ Fig. 06 (in)] in the bug area [ Fig. 06 (B)] identical to the volume of the outflowing water [ Fig. 06 (out)] in the rear area [ Fig.06 (H)], so that the water of the bow wave [ Fig. 06 (BW)] can be removed, thus also removing the dynamic obstacle during the journey. Fig. 06 WL = Waterline HW = wake H = tail out = Outflow in the rear area Prop = Propulsion device (e.g. ship propeller) H2O = Water "Ship" with arrow symbol = Ship in the direction of travel Ch = Flow channel "in" with arrow symbol = Inflow into the flow channel B = Bug BW = Bow wave Tr = Entrance opening, e.g. funnel-shaped

[0093] Fig. Figure 07 shows, in a side projection, a highly simplified schematic representation of the inventive method for a ship [ Fig. 07 (Ship)] (here moving to the right (Ship with arrow)) with a built-up bow wave [ Fig. 07 (BW)] in displacement mode. By means of the inventive method and devices, the resulting bow wave [ Fig. 07 (BW)] with the accumulated volume removed. For this purpose, water is removed - e.g. actively by means of actions by a drive device. Fig. 07 (H2O)] from the action area of ​​the bow wave [ Fig. 07 (BW)] removed and preferably transported in a direction advantageous for movement, e.g., in the rear area [ Fig.07 (H)]. Depending on the dimensions of this active removal of the accumulated volume, this can lead to a reduction down to the level of the waterline [ Fig. 07 (WL)] lead or in the event of further degradation [ Fig. 07 (Vol -)] also leads to a sinking below the level of the water surface, i.e. below the waterline [ Fig. 07 (WL)].

[0094] The activatable removal of the water to be drained [ Fig. 07 (H2O)] is carried out by a flow device, e.g. a tunnel [ Fig. 07 (T)] or channel [ Fig. 07 (Ch)] or a tube or functionally comparable devices, so that this results in a decrease in volume - according to the described implementation of the method [ Fig. 07 (Vol -)] in the area of ​​the water hump of the bow wave, as well as a flow with an increase in volume in the outflow area of ​​the tunnel or canal or a tube or the like (e.g. as here in the stern area [ Fig.07 (H)]. When using a mechanical propulsion device, a directed force vector is generated, which advantageously leads to a forward movement of the ship's hull [ Fig. 07 (Ship with arrow symbol)] leads or can be used.

[0095] When using a flow-through device [ Fig. 07 (T)] below the waterline with an inlet opening facing forward and an outlet opening facing away from it, and with a water-transporting device, such as a propulsion device with a ship's propeller, positioned in the stern area, a suction effect is created in the bow area. With a corresponding device positioned opposite in the bow area, water transport occurs through pressure. Fig. 07 B = Bug BW = Bow wave H2O = Water Ship = Ship - arrow pointing right in the direction of travel H = tail Ch = Flow channel with arrow T = Flow device with arrow pointing in the direction of flow HW = wake WL = Waterline Vol + = increased volume in the bow area Vol - = reduced volume in the bow area

[0096] Fig.Figure 8 shows a highly simplified schematic top view of the method according to the invention. The bow wave generated in the bow area is "captured" by means of guide devices and directed and guided by flow devices (not shown).

[0097] The mechanical drive device can, in principle, be attached to technically and functionally suitable locations, e.g., with ship propellers. Fig. 08 = Direction of travel of the displacement ship 08-01 Bug 08-02 Bow wave 08-03 Guide device, guide surfaces, conduit 08-04 Water 08-05 Ship - arrow pointing right in the direction of travel 08-06 tail 08-07 WAKE WATER = KIELWASSER 08-08 KAILWATER = WAKE WATER

[0098] Fig. Figure 9 schematically shows a displacement ship (ship traveling in the direction of the arrow to the right) in a top view, in which the ship's propulsion [ Fig. 09 (Prop)] in the bow area or in front of the bow [ Fig. 09 (B)] is carried out. This ship propulsion system is connected to the ship, so that the ship is not functionally affected by a propulsion system in the stern area [ Fig.09 (H)] is not "pushed" but "pulled" by the drive in the bow. The objective of the invention is that water is transported away from the forming backwater area even before a buildup of the bow wave occurs. Devices according to the invention are provided for this purpose. Ideally, the amount of water accumulating in front of the bow must be dynamically removed in such a way that no dynamic backwater can occur as a result of these measures and devices.

[0099] Ship propellers have a suction side and a pressure side during operation. Using methods and devices according to the invention, when using a mechanical drive device, e.g., a ship propeller in the bow area, a suction in the direction of travel results on the suction side of the ship propeller and a pressure against the direction of travel on the opposite side.

[0100] In a propulsion device in the bow area, the water is transported from the build-up of the bow wave under pressure into a functionally and technically advantageous region, whereby guide devices and flow-through devices are installed.

[0101] A suction creates a force vector, causing the ship to move in the direction of the suction. For this purpose, a definable quantity of water in the bow area or forward of the ship is transported by means of functional guide devices, such as tubes and devices for shifting the water from the bow wave to a functionally and technically advantageous region, e.g., towards the stern. The water flowing through these flow devices generates a directed force vector upon exiting, which can be used to advantage.

[0102] The advantage of these devices and methods according to the invention is therefore that when the drive device is positioned in the bow area, the bow wave can be eliminated, a suction with a force vector can be generated, and a flow device can produce an advantageous directed force vector. Fig. 09 H2O = Water Prop = Propulsion = propulsion = ship propulsion CON = Conduit, tail assembly, guide device hole = Openings in flow-through devices B = Bug H = tail WW = WAKE WATER = KIELWASSER KW = KAILWATER = WAKE WATER SHIP = Displacement ship underway = Direction of travel of the displacement ship

[0103] Fig. Figure 10 shows a simplified schematic representation of a ship moving forward with a propulsion device at the stern, e.g. a ship's propeller [ Fig. 10 (Prop)] and a rudder device [ Fig. 10 (Rud)]. The ship's propeller [ Fig. 10 (Prop)] operates in the downstream area. Fig. 10 SHIP = Displacement ship moving to the left in the direction of the arrow Prop = Propulsion, ship propulsion, e.g. ship propeller in the stern area Con = Conduit, tail assembly, guide device T = tunnel-like flow device Rud = oars B = Bug H = tail H2O = Water

[0104] Fig. Figure 11 shows a simplified schematic representation of the propulsion device with ship propeller in the bow area [ Fig. 11 (B)]. Compared to a drive device (see Fig. 10) in the stern area (H) the ship's propeller acts here [ Fig.11 (Prop)] advantageously not in the wake area of ​​the ship's hull, but more streamlined in the bow area. Adjustable and controllable guide devices [ Fig. 11 (Con)] thereby direct the generated flows towards functionally advantageous areas or locations.

[0105] In this process, a network of sensors determines flow-relevant hydrodynamic parameters, which are functionally linked to the control device, in order to set a temporal flow profile in the flow fields of the guide devices and flow-through devices based on the recorded parameters over time. Fig. 11 B Bug CON Guide device, guide surfaces, conduit H2O Water SHIP Ship - arrow pointing left in the direction of travel Prop Propulsion device, e.g. propeller in the bow area H tail T Flow device Rud oars

[0106] Fig. Figure 12 shows a simplified schematic of a ship [ Fig. 12 (Ship), (12-04)] underway with a propulsion device [ Fig. 12 (12-06)] in the bug area [ Fig. 12 (12-01)]. The dynamically generated bow wave [ Fig. 12 (12-02)] is guided by means of guide devices [ Fig. 12 (12-11)] channeled. So that the bow wave, which changes hydrodynamically as a result of the journey [ Fig. 12 (12-02)] if it presents no or only a minor dynamically repeating obstacle, the water mound [ Fig. 12 (12-02)] the bow wave is removed as far as possible from the bow area and transported away against the direction of travel to achieve a useful force vector and is preferably “eliminated” in the stern area.

[0107] For this purpose, methods and devices according to the invention are provided for controlling and regulating guide devices [ Fig. 12 (12-11)], by means of which accumulating water in the action area of ​​the bow wave [ Fig. 12 (12-02)] in flow devices [ Fig. 12 (12-09)] definable for flow through [ Fig.12 (12-10)] is introduced and guided through. Sensors and guide devices with control and regulation devices are provided for installation at all technically necessary, functionally advantageous, and useful locations in order to transport the hydrodynamically unfavorable water bulge of the bow wave as far as possible to a functionally and technically favorable location. The flows to be controlled and regulated are distributed as required via a flow network and a network of sensors and adjustment devices.

[0108] In order to be able to adjust and modify devices, foils, guide devices, flaps, actuators, equipment and the like in a needs-based, flexible, situational and definable manner for generating and influencing flows and flow directions, the flow-effective devices and their adjustment devices that can be used for this purpose must be functionally adjustable in 3D space in a translational and rotational manner based on the recorded parameters.

[0109] This allows flow-enhancing devices, such as guide vanes and foils, to be moved, repositioned, rotated, or positioned in 3D space as needed. A key advantage of this method is the ability to make very rapid adjustments using machine-assisted actuators. Fig. 12 Drive device with ship propellers in the bow area 12-01 Bug 12-02 Bow wave 12-03 Water, H2O 12-04 Ship - arrow pointing right in the direction of travel 12-05 tail 12-06 Propulsion device, e.g. propeller in the bow area 12-07 Inflow into the flow channel 12-08 Outflow - rear area 12-09 Flow device, e.g. tunnel 12-10 Flow through device, e.g. tunnel 12-11 Guide device, guide surfaces, conduit 12-12 WAKE WATER = KIELWASSER 12-13 KAILWATER = WAKE WATER

[0110] Fig. 13 ships [ Fig. 13 (Ship)] with propulsion devices [ Fig. 13 (Prop)] in the bug area [ Fig. 13 (B)] and flow devices [ Fig. 13 (T-1], (T-2), (T-3)] with openings for inflow [ Fig. 13 (in)] in the bow area [ Fig. 13 (B)] and outflows [ Fig. 13 (out)] in the rear area [ Fig. 13 (H)]. As a result of the outflows against the direction of travel, a directed force vector is created that is useful for forward travel. Fig. 13 Prop = Propulsion = Ship propulsion H2O = Water B = Bug H = tail T-1, 2, 3 = Flow-through device, flow in the direction of the arrow in = Entrance area, inflow out = Outlet area, outflow Ship = Ship traveling in the direction of the arrow

[0111] Fig. Figure 14 shows – schematically simplified – the front view [ Fig. 14 (14-03)] of a ship with propulsion devices, e.g. ship propellers, in the bow area [ Fig. 14 (14-01)] in flow devices [ Fig. 14 (14-05), (14-06)].

[0112] In the action area of ​​the bow wave, adjustable, controllable and regulated guide devices enable [ Fig. 14 (14-08)] the inflow [ Fig. 14 (14-05)] into the flow devices [ Fig.14 (14-06), (14-07)]. According to the invention, it is provided that the water bulge of the bow wave is eliminated by means of the devices and for this purpose this water is introduced and guided through flow devices by means of controllable and adjustable guide devices, wherein the exit of the flow preferably takes place in a functionally and technically advantageous area and here - e.g. in the stern area - can generate a force vector advantageous for propulsion.

[0113] The controllable and adjustable guide devices are designed to lower the water level of the bow wave to an advantageous level. To prevent undesirable backwater buildup, further controllable and adjustable diverting, channeling, branching, and redirecting flow devices are provided. An additional adjustable and controllable guide device serves as a functional canopy [ Fig.14 (14-09)] of the area of ​​a forming bow wave allows for situational optimization of the inflows into the flow devices. Functionally, this cover is preferably designed as an adjustable guide device and can have attachable, dynamically adjustable, controllable and adjustable devices, e.g. also with foils. Fig. 14 14-01 Bug 14-02 Water 14-03 Ship - frontal view 14-04 Edge of the flow device (14-06) 14-05 Flow channel, e.g. with ship propeller (not shown) 14-06 Flow channel, e.g. with ship propeller (not shown), 14-07 Bow area with flow-optimized ship design 14-08 Guide device 14-09 Device for covering the bow wave area

[0114] Fig. Figure 15 schematically simplifies the principle according to the invention with a plurality of drive devices [ Fig. 15 (T-1 to T-4 in)] e.g. ship propellers [ Fig.15 (Prop)]. The dimensions of the bow wave, which forms during travel, depend, among other things, on the size and speed of the ship. To ensure that this dynamically forming bow wave can be dissipated dynamically before it even forms, appropriately sized devices are required. The arrangement, number, and dimensions of the drive devices and other equipment depend on the technical and functional requirements. Fig. 15 B Bug H2O Water Ship Ship in frontal view Prop Propulsion devices, e.g. ship propellers T-1 to T-4 Inflow into the flow devices Fig. 16

[0115] The advantageous effect according to the invention occurs when the bow wave [ Fig.16 (2)] forming a build-up as a result of a relative movement of flow-effective water-guiding devices which can be attached to the ship by force, each of which has an end face with low flow resistance and which are referred to here as guide devices, capture water from the flow field of the bow wave with flow-through guide devices [ Fig. 16 (3)], wherein these flowable guide devices [ Fig. 16 (3) as bypass flow devices [ Fig. 16 (4)] are formed and whose openings open in the direction of travel are moved through by the movement of the ship due to the build-up of the bow wave.

[0116] Fig. 16 The advantageous effect according to the invention, with the removal of the water to be eliminated from the flow area of ​​the bow wave, occurs when the bow wave [ Fig.16 (2)] forming a build-up as a result of a relative movement of flow-effective, water-guiding devices which can be attached to the ship by force, which have at least one opening designed for flow through in the direction of travel with a low flow resistance of the respective frontal area and are referred to here as guide devices, capture water from the flow field of the bow wave with flow-through devices [ Fig. 16 (3)], wherein these devices [ Fig. 16 (3) as bypass flow devices [ Fig. 16 (4)] are formed and whose openings open in the direction of travel are moved through by the movement of the ship due to the build-up of the bow wave. Fig. 16 Ship Movement of the ship in the direction of the arrow 1 = Bug 2 = Bow wave 3 = Guide device with transition to bypass 4 = Bypass flow device 5 = Diversion of the bow wave into a bypass flow device 6 = Flow through the bypass flow device 7 = Outflow in the rear area 8 = tail 9 = H2O (water) Fig. 17 - ABC shows a simplified schematic representation of the principle according to the invention.

[0117] Fig. 17 - ABC As a result of the journey, a build-up occurs in the bow area, which is called a bow wave [ Fig.17 (B-06)] forms a dynamically changing water mound, which thereby represents a dynamic and recurring hydrodynamic obstacle.

[0118] This water mound of the bow wave [ Fig. 17 (B-06)] is dynamically transported away and for this purpose by means of guide devices [ Fig. 17 (C-09)] in and through and a bypass flow device [ Fig. 17 (C-07)] into a hydrodynamically advantageous area [ Fig. 17 (C-10)] is carried on. Ideally, a balance between the generation and removal of this water from the forming bow wave is established by means of mechanical devices. As a result of the outflow, an advantageous directed force vector [ Fig. 17 (C-10)] can be generated.

[0119] If there is no balance between water formation and removal, and water removal is asymmetrical, a drop in the waterline area [ Fig.17 (C-08)] of the former bow wave [ Fig. 17 (B-06)] in the bow area or the water mound of the bow wave is not completely removed. Fig. 17 - ABC A-01 - B-01 - C-01 Waterline A-02 - B-02 - C-02 Bug A-03 Ship - without a ride A-04 - B-04 - C-04 Water B-05 - C-05 Ship with arrow pointing right in the direction of travel B-06 Bow wave

[0120] The Fig. Figures 17-18 show the principle according to the invention for eliminating a build-up of water caused by a bow wave. Fig. 17 shows an already formed bow wave [ Fig. 17-B (B-06)] with a hindering mound of water ahead of the bow [ Fig. 17-B (B-02)].

[0121] To prevent the formation of a backup, the water to be drained from the bow area is directed into a bypass flow device according to the invention, open in the direction of travel and designed for flow through [ Fig. 17-C (C-07)] is actively or passively introduced for transmission.

[0122] Water is removed from the accumulating build-up of the resulting bow wave by means of actively acting mechanical devices [ Fig.17-B (B-06)] into this flow device [ Fig. 17-C (C-07)] can be introduced and passed through for effective water removal.

[0123] Fig. 18 a When a displacement ship [ship with arrow (11) in the direction of travel] is underway, water is displaced, causing a build-up in the bow area [ Fig. 18 (1)] arises. From the flow field of the bow wave [ Fig. 18 (9)] is achieved by means of the adjustable guide devices [ Fig. 18 (2, 14)] Water into the bypass flow devices [ Fig. 18 (10)] for the transmission [ Fig. 18 (3)] initiated.

[0124] The movement of a displacement vessel results in water displacement and the formation of a bow wave. Fig. 18 (1)]. This water, which can be displaced as a result of displacement, is directed into bypass devices designed for flow through by means of the forced flow generated by the guiding devices.

[0125] Fig. Figure 18a shows - schematically simplified - the principle according to the invention with a “passive” inflow and flow through [ Fig. 18 (3)] by bypass flow devices [ Fig. 18 (10)], wherein no mechanical propulsion devices for generating water movements operate in these devices. However, ship movements generated by force vectors for propulsion can still be carried out in the usual manner, e.g. by a conventional mechanical propulsion device in the stern area.

[0126] The one that goes to this Fig. The 18 planned devices include mechanical supports.

[0127] To adjust the flow-effective devices and their equipment in the flow paths and flow fields of the bow wave to be eliminated, machine-assisted actuators as well as control and regulation technology equipment with computer-aided methods, such as MPC control, are provided.

[0128] The principle according to the invention consists in the fact that, as a result of the movement of a displacement vessel, water is dynamically displaced in the bow area, thereby creating a bow wave with an expanding flow field. The vessel continues to be moved by the flow field of the bow wave.

[0129] Using the inventive method and devices, water from the expanding flow field is captured by adjustable guide devices before it can expand and flow away further. This dynamically removes the water from the bow wave's flow field and forces it into and through the flow-through devices, requiring only that the ship move through the bow wave's flow field. Functionally, however, the guide devices must encompass a definable and situationally relevant area of ​​the bow wave's flow field and be able to channel the "captured" volume of the bow wave through the devices.

[0130] This shows Fig.18 adjustable, controllable, and adjustable devices for defining and requiring the flow patterns in the flow paths and flow fields. To enable these devices to be adjusted in a controllable and demand-oriented manner, a network of sensors is provided to acquire the data required for this adjustment.

[0131] The ship's speed, dimensions, and shape influence the dimensions of the bow wave and its flow field. These dependent parameters must be taken into account by the variable and adjustable parameters of the guide devices and flow control devices.

[0132] The cross-section of the flow devices can be adjusted as required by means of adjustable control devices, so that the flow can be definably varied in each case. The inflows, flows through, and outflows in flow paths can be definably varied by means of adjustable devices, whereby, for example, flaps are used in the flow devices [ Fig. 18 (13, 16)] or functionally comparable devices where flow paths and / or flow volumes are adjustable.

[0133] A network of sensors at hydrodynamically relevant locations collects the data for adjusting the devices using computer-aided systems. Fig. 18 a and Fig. 18 b 1 Bow wave 2 Adjustable, controllable and adjustable guide devices for "capturing" water from the flow field of the bow wave 3 Flow through the flow devices

[10] 4 Outflow in the rear area 5 Bug 6 tail 7 Water 9 Flow and inflow from the bow wave 10 Flow devices with flow [3] 11 Ship - Travel in the direction of the arrow 12 Guide device in the outflow area, adjustable, controllable and steerable with functions for definable flow effects, 13 Adjustable, adjustable “flap” for flow-effective inflow and / or outflow into or from the flow device [3] 14 Adjustment device for operating guide devices [2], 15 Adjustment device for operating guide devices

[12] , 16 Adjustable “flap” for flow-effective inflow and / or outflow into or out of the flow device [3], here in this setting outflow in the direction of travel

[0134] Fig. Figure 18b shows the principle according to the invention, here for demonstration purposes with an asymmetrically shown length of the bypass devices [ Fig. 18 (10)]. Compared to Fig.18 a is due to the shortening of the bypass flow device [ Fig. 18 (10)] the point of exit of the outflow (for example) (on the port side in the top view) is shifted more towards the bow.

[0135] In principle, the locations of inflow and outflow depend primarily on design, technical, and hydrodynamic requirements and objectives. Guide devices [ Fig. 18 (2)] to the inflow [ Fig. 18 (9)] shall water [ Fig. 18 (7)] from the flow field [ Fig. 18 (9)] of the bow wave [ Fig. 18 (1)] capture. Further guiding devices in the area of ​​the outflow [ Fig. 18 (12)] enable hydrodynamically advantageous flows. Guide devices [ Fig. 18 (2, 12, 13, 16)] are flow-effective, controllable, adjustable, and influenceable devices [ Fig. 18 (2), (12), (13), (14) (15)] for directing water currents. Fig. 19

[0136] The optimization-based control approach of model predictive control (MPC) consists of repeating the following procedure: At each sampling time, an optimal control problem with a finite horizon is to be solved, applying the first part of the corresponding optimal solution of the input trajectory up to the next sampling time. Cited non-patent literature

[0137] Operating principle of the MPC control system (Image source: https: / / www.intechopen.com / chapters / 68837) QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] DE 000001249115B

[0007] Cited non-patent literature

[0000] https: / / www.intechopen.com / chapters / 68837

[0137]

Claims

[1] System for water-propelled ship hulls with devices and methods for optimizing energy efficiency, - comprising a floating vessel capable of moving through water, - having devices and equipment on the ship for the force-fit attachment of equipment and devices, - with at least one mechanical drive device, - with devices for generating water currents, - comprising at least one mechanical device that can be force-fitted to the ship's hull and includes devices for generating flow-induced force vectors, - comprising devices with facilities for attaching, positioning, adjusting and operating drive-relevant and system-relevant devices as well as function-relevant devices, - comprising at least devices for attaching, positioning, adjusting and operating flow-related devices, - comprising devices for the attachment, adjustability, positioning and operation of flow-effective devices, foils, guide devices and their equipment in flow paths and flow fields of the forming bow wave, - comprising devices for the attachment, adjustability, positioning and operation of flow-effective flow devices, guide device(s) in the flow paths and flow fields of the propagation area of ​​the forming bow wave, - comprising devices for the attachment of machine-assisted actuators to flow-through devices and guide devices as well as their devices and further devices in flow paths and in the flow field of the forming bow wave, - comprising devices for the attachment of a mechanical propulsion device that can operate in the area of ​​action of the forming bow wave, - comprising devices movable translationally and rotationally by means of machine-assisted actuators with water-conducting devices, - featuring adjustable, mechanically adjustable flow-effective devices, movable translationally and rotationally in the 3D space of the flow area of ​​the forming bow wave, by means of actuators, - comprising devices for generating flow changes - with devices for adjusting the parameters of flow-related devices of the system, - with facilities for operating the parameters of flow-relevant devices, - with facilities for operating hydrodynamically relevant parameters of flow-relevant devices, - with facilities for recording hydrodynamic parameters of the system, - wherein their hydrodynamic parameters include at least the dynamic pressure, and / or the flows and / or the flow profile of fluid media in an action range in which flow- and / or pressure-relevant parameters can be recorded, - with devices for recording the dimensions and hydrodynamic parameters of the propagating bow wave, - with devices for recording the dimensions and hydrodynamic parameters as well as volumes of the bow wave during and after the action of the measures according to the invention by means of the devices into the propagating bow wave, - whose hydrodynamic parameters include at least the pressure and / or the flow profile inside and outside the action area of ​​the bow wave, - with devices for recording parameters of hydrodynamic fluid media in the operating area of ​​the system, - where the parameters include flow-relevant and / or pressure-relevant and / or volume-relevant regions within the generable flows, - with guide devices in the flow area of ​​the dynamically forming bow wave, - with devices for controlling and regulating the guide devices, - with facilities for the attachment of a mechanical propulsion device that acts in a flow-effective manner in the action area of ​​the bow wave, - with devices for controlling and regulating the guide devices, - with devices for controlling and regulating the controllable devices, - with control devices for adjusting the flow pressure and flow volume of flowable devices, - with facilities for adjusting the facilities, - with facilities for operating the system's devices, characterized by Methods and devices by which the build-up of a bow wave generated during travel can be at least largely eliminated before it can develop into a hydrodynamic obstacle, wherein, by means of devices and their arrangements extending into the flow area of ​​the spreading bow wave, water is effectively transported away from the forming build-up of the bow wave, with the possibility of removing the obstruction that can be formed of a bow wave, to use model predictive control (MPC) methods and their variants with predictive control methods A device for determining the specific flow volume of a ship moving in water based on recorded parameters, which is functionally connected to the control device in order to set a temporal flow profile in flow paths and flow fields within the action area of ​​the guide devices and the flow control devices based on the determined flow volume and / or possibly other recorded parameter values. [2] Device according to claim 1, characterized by that at least the hydrodynamic parameters of the dynamically changing volumes and dimensions of the water mound of the forming bow wave during the journey can be determined by means of sensors, and that at least one sensor is an optical sensor and / or a flow sensor and / or a pressure sensor and / or a volume sensor, and that this data can be supplied to the connected control device for the setting of adjustable devices. [3] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 2, characterized by that the system has devices and / or equipment by means of which dynamic spatial changes in size / volume of the forming water mound of the bow wave as well as other hydrodynamic parameters can be defined, modified, controlled, regulated and adjusted as required by computer. [4] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized by , that the system has facilities for determining specific hydrodynamic parameters which are functionally connected to the control device in order to set a temporal flow profile in flow fields and in the network of flow paths within the action area of ​​the bow wave, the guide devices and the network of flow devices on the basis of the determined flow volume and / or possibly other recorded parameter values. [5] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized by , that the system has computer-aided networks of sensory devices for data acquisition of system-relevant parameters as well as control devices, by means of which controllable, adjustable and adjustable mechanical devices can transport definable quantities of water from the dynamically forming water mound of the bow wave during the journey or water from the action area of ​​the bow wave through flow devices in a definable and adjustable manner, wherein dynamic flow changes of the flow fields in the action area of ​​the bow wave can be definably adjusted by means of controllable and adjustable guide devices. [6] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized by, that the dimensions and volume of the bow wave, which forms during the journey, are dynamically variable, and for this purpose, computer-aided networks of sensors determine the hydrodynamic parameters in the flow paths and flow fields through which the flow is traversed, in order to set a temporal flow profile in flow paths and flow fields based on recorded parameters which are functionally connected to the control devices, with introduction into a network of flow devices and guide devices for introduction, branching, diversion, channeling and discharge based on determined hydrodynamic parameters and / or possibly other recorded parameter values. [7] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized by, that by means of a network of definable adjustable, controllable, regulating flow openings, guide devices, valve units, steering devices, and / or wing-like foils and / or functionally comparable devices in the flow fields and in the action area of ​​the bow wave, water flowing in and through can be introduced into the at least one inlet opening of the at least one flow device, wherein a device for determining the specific volume and dimensions of the water mountain of the bow wave based on recorded parameters, which is functionally connected to the control device, in order to set a temporal flow profile in the flow fields and flow paths of the guide devices, steering devices and / or wing-like foils and / or functionally comparable devices as well as flow devices based on the recorded parameters over time. [8] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized by , that in the flow paths and flow fields from the inlet to the outlet of the system the flow-related / hydrodynamic parameters resulting from the inflow into the flow network and their sensor signals, as well as signal parameters and their functional devices which can be determined using function-related computer-aided procedures, methods, algorithms, intelligent controllers and system-relevant devices of control engineering on the sensory devices and other facilities of the sensor network and are adjustable by means of adjustment devices, so that, causally, in the flow paths and flow fields of the flow network and the flow devices, demand-oriented, situation- and function-related course patterns of the flow modes and parameters result or can result, hydrodynamically definable. wherein the devices have methods for recording the time course of the respective signal from one or more sensors and where methods of model-based predictive control (MPC) or model predictive control ((Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Algorithm (NMPC)) are used or can be used. [9] Method for optimizing the energy balance of water-propelled ship hulls with devices and systems according to one or more of claims 1 to 8 comprising the steps: - Determining a power requirement value that describes the amount of energy to be provided for ship movement, - Determining the input signals using the sensors of the sensor network, - Determining the operating status using sensors, - Recording the parameters that allow conclusions to be drawn about the dimensions of the volume and the hydrodynamic parameters of the flow field of the bow wave, which is dynamically created during travel, - Recording the signal values ​​and signal strengths of hydrodynamic signals from the sensors in the flow field of the inflow area in the action area of ​​the bow wave, - Recording the hydrodynamic signal parameters in the action area of ​​the forming bow wave and their assignment to the dimensions and volumes depending on the system parameters of the ship's hull moving in the water, - Time-symmetrical acquisition of a ship's speed value depending on the determined / determinable hydrodynamic and other signal values, - Recording the hydrodynamic parameters in the action area of ​​the forming bow wave, in which flow- and pressure-relevant areas of the dynamically accumulated bow wave occur and can be recorded, - Recording the water currents and pressures generated and moved by the movement of the ship and their hydrodynamic parameters in that area of ​​operation in which dynamically changing flow and pressure-relevant areas occur and can be recorded, - Recording the water currents and pressures generated and moved by the movement of the ship and their hydrodynamic parameters in the action area of ​​the bow wave as well as in that action area in which dynamically changed flow and pressure-relevant areas occur and can be recorded, - Recording hydrodynamic parameters inside and outside the action area of ​​the bow wave, which include at least the pressure and the flow profile inside and outside the flow fields of the water mound of the bow wave, - Recording the hydrodynamic parameters in the operating range of those devices designed to generate directed flows of fluid media, - Recording the ship's speed parameters, - Recording the flow parameters of the fluid media, - Varying the pressure and / or flow using the control devices in the devices for generating directed flows of fluid media and time-symmetrically acquiring variable parameters, - Setting a target speed and target adjustment parameters, - Recording the actual speed and the actual setting parameters, - Determining the performance requirement value as a function of the difference between the specified target speed, target setting parameters and the recorded actual speed and actual setting parameters, - Comparing the parameters recorded in the above steps with predefined and predefinable limit values, - Comparing the hydrodynamic target parameters and the specified target speed with the recorded hydrodynamic actual parameters and the recorded actual speed, and comparing the respective target and actual setting parameters with assignment to the respective speeds and setting parameters. - Determining the variable and variable hydrodynamic parameters and flow profiles in flow fields of the guide devices before, during and after various representative adjustments of the guide devices, where the term guiding devices also includes adjustable, controllable steering devices and / or wing-like foils and / or functionally comparable devices in the flow fields, - Determining the variable and variable hydrodynamic parameters and flow profiles in flow fields of the flow networks before, during and after various representative settings of the adjustable and variable flow devices, - Transferring the determined values ​​for computer-aided evaluation with control and regulation devices depending on the corresponding system parameters of the ship, - Setting of controllable and adjustable devices based on the determined and determinable hydrodynamically relevant parameters, - comprehensive means for removing flow-relevant quantities of water from the action area of ​​the bow wave, - Operation of the guiding devices for channeling the flows from the inlet in the action area of ​​the dynamically forming bow wave through the flow devices to the outlet in a hydrodynamically and technically advantageous area, - Removal of the bow wave volume until computer-aided predefined or predefinable volume dimensions are reached, - Lowering the water level of the bow wave to a computer-defined predefined level or a predefinable minimum lower level, - Comparing the level in the bow area resulting from the generated water drainage with the measures taken for this purpose and their hydrodynamic parameters, - Determining the achievable energy efficiency when varying the measures, - Computer-aided evaluation and visualization of the collected data, - Optimization of the process for individual operations. [10] Method and system for optimizing the energy balance of water-propelled ship hulls with devices and systems according to one or more of claims 1 to 9: - Comprehensive systems for data processing and combinations of control engineering methods with artificial intelligence (AI) methods - Application of control methods and control devices with model predictive control (MPC), use of artificial neural networks, - comprising means and devices for training a learning computer system as well as methods and devices for carrying out any one of claims 1 to 9, where, based on the recorded parameters, the specific flow volume of a ship to be moved in the water is determined, - whereby, based on system data and the recorded parameters, a desired temporal profile of the inflows, flows through and outflows in the devices for flow through is determined and set via the control device.

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