Method and control device for operating a hybrid vehicle, hybrid vehicle and geographical unit

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (15) for operating a hybrid vehicle (1), wherein the hybrid vehicle (1) comprises a fuel cell system (2), a traction battery (3), a traction drive (4), and a vehicle control unit (7) configured to operate the hybrid vehicle (1) in a fuel cell mode, in which the fuel cell system (2) is activated, and in a battery mode, in which the fuel cell system (2) is deactivated. The hybrid vehicle (1) is configured for operation in a predetermined operating area (11) which is subdivided into several zones (12), comprising at least one free zone (14) in which the hybrid vehicle (1) can be operated in fuel cell mode and at least one restricted zone (13) in which operation of the hybrid vehicle (1) in fuel cell mode is prohibited.The procedure determines where the hybrid vehicle (1) is located within the operational area (11) and / or whether the hybrid vehicle (1) is currently located in a free zone (14) or in a restricted zone (13), whereby the hybrid vehicle (1) is operated in fuel cell mode if it is located in a free zone (14) and in battery mode if it is located in a restricted zone (13).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for operating a hybrid vehicle. The invention also relates to a control device for operating a hybrid vehicle. Furthermore, the invention relates to a hybrid vehicle and a geographical unit.

[0002] From WO 2023 237 342 A1, a hybrid vehicle is known that has a fuel cell system for generating electrical energy, a traction battery for storing electrical energy, and an electric traction drive for propelling the hybrid vehicle. Such a hybrid vehicle can be equipped with a vehicle control system that is configured to operate the hybrid vehicle in a fuel cell mode, in which the fuel cell system is activated and generates electrical energy to supply the traction drive and / or to supply the traction battery, and in a battery mode, in which the fuel cell system is deactivated and the traction drive is supplied with electrical energy only from the traction battery.

[0003] A problem with vehicles equipped with a fuel cell system is that hydrogen is typically used as the anode gas, which can form an explosive mixture with oxygen. The exhaust gas from a fuel cell system can contain hydrogen, which, above a critical concentration in ambient air, forms an explosive mixture. Particularly in enclosed spaces, such as factory buildings or warehouses, prolonged operation of a vehicle with a fuel cell system can lead to undesirably high concentrations of hydrogen in the air. Furthermore, the exhaust gas from a fuel cell system contains a relatively high amount of water vapor. Here, too, an increased water content in the air can be undesirable in certain enclosed spaces, for example, in cold storage rooms, especially for storing food, or in warehouses for storing moisture-sensitive goods such as paper products, fabrics, and clothing.Water vapor is generally undesirable in such an environment. Furthermore, water vapor introduced into the air can condense on surfaces, including on the goods, which is also undesirable. Depending on the temperature in the cold storage room, the condensed water can also freeze, which is likewise undesirable and can pose a hazard.

[0004] In a factory, so-called intralogistics vehicles, such as industrial trucks or forklifts, can be used both outdoors and indoors, for example, in a high-bay warehouse or production hall. These intralogistics vehicles can be configured as hybrid vehicles. Within the buildings where these vehicles are used, there may be areas where the operation of a fuel cell system is undesirable or prohibited. For example, these areas may be poorly ventilated, allowing hydrogen and / or water to accumulate. It is also conceivable that open flames or sparks are present in these areas. For instance, welding processes may be carried out in a production hall. Furthermore, cold storage facilities are conceivable, where moisture-sensitive goods, especially food, are stored. These factors limit the use of intralogistics vehicles with fuel cell systems.

[0005] A factory represents a geographical unit with a geographical area corresponding to the factory premises. Other geographical units where hybrid vehicles can be used include, for example, an airport, which has an airport site and hybrid airport logistics vehicles, and a construction site, which has a construction site and hybrid construction machinery.

[0006] From CN 216 713 993 U, CN 113 175 247 A, CN 218 228 944 U and JP 2005 353 346 A, workshop halls are known which are equipped with a ventilation system to avoid an undesirably high concentration of hydrogen in the workshop hall.

[0007] The present invention addresses the problem of demonstrating a way to increase the operational safety of hybrid vehicles with a fuel cell system, a traction battery and a traction drive, particularly with regard to the use of such hybrid vehicles on a geographical area of ​​a geographical unit and especially with regard to intralogistics vehicles.

[0008] This problem is solved according to the invention by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0009] The invention is based on the general concept of geographically dividing an area of ​​operation, in which the hybrid vehicle is to be used, into several zones, each comprising at least one free zone in which the hybrid vehicle can be operated in fuel cell mode and at least one restricted zone in which operating the hybrid vehicle in fuel cell mode is prohibited. Furthermore, it is proposed to monitor the position of the hybrid vehicle within the area of ​​operation and to control the hybrid vehicle so that it operates in fuel cell mode when it is in a free zone and in battery mode when it is in a restricted zone.Switching between fuel cell and battery modes can be automated, so that when driving a hybrid vehicle in the designated area, the corresponding change between operating modes occurs automatically when crossing a boundary between a free zone and a restricted zone, without requiring any manual intervention from the driver (male / female / diverse). The driver does not need to pay attention to whether they are driving in a restricted zone or a free zone, or whether they are crossing a boundary between a free zone and a restricted zone, as this monitoring is performed automatically. Furthermore, this automation is particularly well-suited for hybrid vehicles configured for autonomous driving, especially those that operate without a driver.

[0010] In the present context, a “configuration” is synonymous with a “design” and / or “setup” and / or “programming”, so that the phrase “configured so that” is synonymous with the phrase “designed and / or set up and / or programmed so that”.

[0011] The inventive method for operating a hybrid vehicle starts with a hybrid vehicle comprising a fuel cell system for generating electrical energy, a traction battery for storing electrical energy, an electric traction drive for propelling the hybrid vehicle, and a vehicle control system, wherein the vehicle control system is configured to operate the hybrid vehicle in a fuel cell mode and in a battery mode, wherein in fuel cell mode the fuel cell system is activated and generates electrical energy to supply the traction drive and / or to supply the traction battery, while in battery mode the fuel cell system is deactivated and the traction drive is supplied with electrical energy by the traction battery.Furthermore, the method presented here for operating a hybrid vehicle assumes that the hybrid vehicle is configured for operation in a predetermined geographical area of ​​operation, wherein the area of ​​operation is geographically divided into several zones, comprising at least one free zone in which the hybrid vehicle can be operated in fuel cell mode and at least one restricted zone in which operation of the hybrid vehicle in fuel cell mode is prohibited. According to the method according to the invention, the location of the hybrid vehicle within the area of ​​operation is determined, and / or whether the hybrid vehicle is currently in a free zone or in a restricted zone. Furthermore, if the hybrid vehicle is in a free zone, it is operated in fuel cell mode, and if it is in a restricted zone, it is operated in battery mode.This approach allows the hybrid vehicle to be driven in a restricted zone, as the emission of hydrogen and / or water in the exhaust gas of the fuel cell system can be avoided when the fuel cell system is deactivated.

[0012] Activating and deactivating the fuel cell system, in its simplest form, is equivalent to switching it on and off. When switched on, the fuel cell system generates electrical energy. When switched off, the fuel cell system produces no hydrogen-containing exhaust gases. Switching on, activating, or starting up the fuel cell system requires a start-up time that depends on the temperatures of the individual components. During normal operating conditions, all components of the fuel cell system are at their respective operating temperatures. During a cold start, when all components are at ambient temperature, the start-up time is comparatively long.If, however, the fuel cell system is only temporarily switched off, a warm start regularly occurs when the fuel cell system is switched back on, in which the components of the fuel cell system have a temperature between their respective operating temperature and the ambient temperature. Consequently, the start-up time is comparatively short in such a warm start.

[0013] According to an advantageous embodiment, the fuel cell system can comprise a fuel cell stack and an anode gas supply for providing the fuel cell stack with anode gas. The anode gas is preferably hydrogen. To deactivate the fuel cell system, the anode gas supply can be switched off. This results in a standby state for the deactivated fuel cell system, which differs from a switched-off state and can be quickly brought back into an electrically energy-producing, activated state. To activate the fuel cell system, the anode gas supply is switched on. Accordingly, the fuel cell system can be activated and deactivated relatively easily by switching the anode gas supply on and off, and switching between fuel cell mode and battery mode is possible.This relatively quick activation and deactivation of the fuel cell system assumes that the initially cold fuel cell system has already been started up from a cold state in the usual way using a corresponding cold start procedure. During temporary deactivation and subsequent activation, the fuel cell system is then still in a warm state, allowing for a significantly shortened warm start procedure.

[0014] According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, a trajectory, i.e., a path of movement of the hybrid vehicle, can be determined along which the hybrid vehicle moves within the operating area. Based on this trajectory, it is then possible to predict whether the hybrid vehicle is approaching a boundary between a free zone and a restricted zone along its trajectory and when the hybrid vehicle will reach this boundary. A particularly advantageous configuration is one in which a switching procedure for changing from fuel cell mode to battery mode is initiated before the boundary is reached, if the hybrid vehicle is in a free zone and approaching a restricted zone, such that the switching procedure is completed before or upon reaching the boundary.This ensures that the hybrid vehicle can drive from a free zone to a restricted zone without stopping or interrupting its journey, as it automatically switches to battery mode in a timely manner. Predicting when the hybrid vehicle will reach a boundary is calculated based on the current vehicle speed and distance to the boundary. For autonomous hybrid vehicles, in particular, the time until reaching the boundary can be predicted or calculated very accurately, whereas for hybrid vehicles with a driver, unexpected intervention by the driver can occur at any time, influencing the vehicle's speed and / or direction. Furthermore, the movement of the hybrid vehicle within the factory premises can be observed and analyzed to identify movement patterns. This allows, in particular, the development of a movement model for the hybrid vehicle within the factory grounds.This also allows predictions to be made about the time until a limit is reached.

[0015] Optionally, the current state of charge of the traction battery can also be taken into account when determining the switching time.

[0016] According to an advantageous embodiment, for example, the system can predict the energy demand of the traction drive for expected operation of the hybrid vehicle in the restricted zone before the boundary is reached and compare it with the current state of charge of the traction battery. If the estimated energy demand is greater than the current state of charge, the traction battery can then be charged before the switching procedure is initiated. Based on the learned motion model, the system can predict the energy demand the hybrid vehicle is likely to have in the restricted zone. By comparing this with the current state of charge, it can be determined whether the stored energy is sufficient. If the current state of charge is sufficiently high, no further action is required.However, if the current state of charge is not expected to be sufficient, the power of the fuel cell system will be temporarily increased to charge the traction battery in order to achieve a sufficiently high state of charge in time.

[0017] Furthermore, it can be stipulated that the hybrid vehicle will refuse entry into the restricted zone if the current charge level of the traction battery is not expected to be sufficient to meet the anticipated energy demand within the restricted zone. Additionally, it can be optionally stipulated that, in the case of a hybrid vehicle with a driver within a restricted zone, the driver will be notified in a suitable manner that they must leave the restricted zone immediately if the charge level of the traction battery falls below a predetermined threshold. In the case of an autonomously driving hybrid vehicle, the hybrid vehicle will automatically drive itself out of the restricted zone if the charge level of the traction battery falls below the predetermined threshold.

[0018] According to an advantageous embodiment, a switching procedure to change from battery mode to fuel cell mode can be initiated before the boundary is reached, if the hybrid vehicle is in a restricted zone and approaching a free zone, such that the switching procedure is completed after or upon reaching the boundary. This measure also enables uninterrupted crossing of such a boundary, while further ensuring that the switch to fuel cell mode does not occur too early, while still within a restricted zone.

[0019] According to an advantageous embodiment, determining the location of the hybrid vehicle within the operational area, whether it is currently in a free zone or a restricted zone, and / or determining its trajectory within the operational area can be achieved by ascertaining the vehicle's geographic location and comparing it with the geographic data of the operational area. The vehicle's geographic location can be defined, in particular, by latitude and longitude. Similarly, the geographic data of the operational area can also represent latitude and longitude. This significantly simplifies location determination.

[0020] In particular, the geographical location of the hybrid vehicle can be determined using a satellite-based navigation system. Such satellite-based navigation systems are used in navigation systems with which modern motor vehicles are equipped as standard.

[0021] Comparing the determined geographic location of the hybrid vehicle with the geographic data of the operating area can be conveniently carried out using a geographic map representing the operating area. This geographic map can be stored in the hybrid vehicle, for example in a control unit, or it can be provided by and retrieved from a backend server.

[0022] According to an advantageous embodiment, the operating area can include at least one variable zone that can form a restricted zone or a free zone depending on varying zone parameters. These zone parameters of the respective variable zone can be monitored, and the respective variable zone can be dynamically classified as a free zone or a restricted zone depending on the current zone parameters. When determining whether the hybrid vehicle is currently in a free zone or a restricted zone, the respective variable zone and its current classification as a free zone or restricted zone can be taken into account. Certain zone parameters, such as current humidity, temperature, and air pressure, can vary and, depending on the configuration, can create an environment that is either drivable in fuel cell mode or not.Dynamic adjustment of such variable zones can significantly improve safety in the operational area and / or the usability of the hybrid vehicle. For example, a variable zone might reach a temperature due to solar radiation that is undesirably high for fuel cell mode, so the variable zone temporarily becomes a restricted zone and can only be entered in battery mode. If the temperature in the variable zone falls below a predetermined threshold again, the variable zone can be reclassified as a free zone and can then be entered in fuel cell mode as well.

[0023] According to an advantageous embodiment, determining the location of the hybrid vehicle within the operational area, whether it is currently in a free zone or a restricted zone, and / or determining the trajectory of the hybrid vehicle along which it moves within the operational area, is accomplished by arranging several marker stations within the operational area. Each marker station is configured to transmit a location signal that correlates with the location of the respective marker station within the operational area and / or with location information indicating whether the location is in a free zone, a restricted zone, or on a boundary between a restricted zone and a free zone. These location signals can then be received and evaluated.The use of such marker stations can be in addition to, or as an alternative to, the aforementioned navigation system. Particularly within buildings, the use of a satellite-based navigation system may be limited. In this case, such marker stations can significantly improve the location of the hybrid vehicle.

[0024] Such marker stations can be conveniently located, in particular, in the area of ​​borders between free zones and restricted zones, so that an approach to such a border can be easily detected.

[0025] According to an advantageous embodiment, the hybrid vehicle can be configured as an intralogistics vehicle. Such an intralogistics vehicle is, in particular, a forklift truck or industrial truck. Furthermore, the operating area can be defined by the premises of a factory. In this context, a factory is understood to be a production facility on an industrial scale. The zones can be defined by buildings on the factory premises and / or by sections of buildings on the factory premises and / or by open areas of the factory premises, i.e., areas between adjacent buildings, and / or by sections of open areas of the factory premises. The buildings can be, for example, production halls or warehouses. The open areas can include roads and / or paths that can be used by the intralogistics vehicles.

[0026] According to an alternative embodiment, the hybrid vehicle can be configured as an airport logistics vehicle. Such airport logistics vehicles are also referred to as ground support equipment. The operating area is then defined by the grounds of an airport, with the zones being formed by buildings on the airport grounds and / or by sections of buildings on the airport grounds and / or by open areas of the airport grounds and / or by sections of open areas of the airport grounds.

[0027] According to another alternative embodiment, the hybrid vehicle can be configured as a construction machine. The operating area is then defined by a construction site, with the zones being formed by buildings on the construction site and / or by sections of buildings on the construction site and / or by open areas of the construction site and / or by sections of open areas of the construction site.

[0028] A control device according to the invention for operating a hybrid vehicle is configured to couple with the vehicle control system of the hybrid vehicle and is also configured to carry out the method of the type described above.

[0029] According to an advantageous embodiment, the control device may have a receiving unit or be coupled or connected to a receiving unit, wherein the receiving unit is configured to receive location signals originating from marker stations distributed throughout the operational area and correlating with a location where the respective marker station is located within the operational area, and / or with location information indicating whether the location is in a free zone or in a restricted zone and / or on a border between a restricted zone and a free zone.The control unit can also be configured to determine, by evaluating the location signals, where the hybrid vehicle is located within the operational area, and / or whether the hybrid vehicle is currently in a free zone or a restricted zone, and / or to determine a trajectory of the hybrid vehicle along which the hybrid vehicle moves within the operational area.

[0030] Additionally or alternatively, the control unit may have a satellite-based navigation device or be coupled with a satellite-based navigation unit configured to determine the geographic location of the hybrid vehicle.

[0031] A hybrid vehicle according to the invention comprises a fuel cell system for generating electrical energy, a traction battery for storing electrical energy, an electric motor traction drive for propelling the hybrid vehicle, and a vehicle control system configured to operate the hybrid vehicle in a fuel cell mode in which the fuel cell system is activated and generates electrical energy to supply the traction drive and / or to supply the traction battery, and in a battery mode in which the fuel cell system is deactivated and the traction drive is supplied with electrical energy only by the traction battery.The hybrid vehicle is configured for operation in a predetermined geographical area of ​​operation, wherein the area of ​​operation is geographically divided into several zones, comprising at least one free zone in which the hybrid vehicle can be operated in fuel cell mode and at least one restricted zone in which operation of the hybrid vehicle in fuel cell mode is prohibited. The hybrid vehicle according to the invention is also equipped with a control unit of the type described above, which is coupled to the vehicle control system.

[0032] The control unit and the vehicle control system can be implemented in separate control units. It is also conceivable that the control unit is at least partially integrated into the vehicle control system via hardware and / or software.

[0033] According to an advantageous embodiment, the hybrid vehicle can be configured as an intralogistics vehicle. The operating area can be defined by the premises of a factory. The zones of the operating area can be formed by buildings on the factory premises and / or by sections of buildings on the factory premises and / or by open areas on the factory premises and / or by sections of open areas on the factory premises.

[0034] Alternatively, the hybrid vehicle can be configured as an airport logistics vehicle, where the area of ​​operation is formed by the grounds of an airport and the zones are formed by buildings on the airport grounds and / or by sections of buildings on the airport grounds and / or by open spaces of the airport grounds and / or by sections of open spaces of the airport grounds.

[0035] Alternatively, the hybrid vehicle can also be configured as a construction machine, whereby the area of ​​operation is formed by a construction site and the zones are formed by buildings on the construction site and / or by building sections of buildings on the construction site and / or by open areas of the construction site and / or by open area sections of open areas of the construction site.

[0036] A geographical unit according to the invention comprises a geographical area and at least one hybrid vehicle of the type described above. The area represents an operational area for the hybrid vehicle, which is geographically divided into several zones, each having at least one free zone in which the hybrid vehicle can be operated in fuel cell mode and at least one restricted zone in which operating the hybrid vehicle in fuel cell mode is prohibited. Typically, the factory can have a plurality of such hybrid vehicles, which can be configured, in particular, as intralogistics vehicles.

[0037] According to an advantageous embodiment, the unit can have several marker stations arranged within the operational area, each configured to transmit a location signal correlated with the location of the respective marker station within the operational area and / or with location information indicating whether the location is in a free zone, a restricted zone, or on a boundary between a restricted zone and a free zone. Furthermore, the control unit of the respective hybrid vehicle can have a receiver unit or be coupled to a receiver unit configured to receive the location signals.The control unit can now be configured to determine, by evaluating location signals, where the hybrid vehicle is located within the operational area and / or whether the hybrid vehicle is currently in a free zone or a restricted zone, and / or to determine a trajectory of the hybrid vehicle along which it moves within the operational area.

[0038] According to an advantageous embodiment, the unit can be a factory, with the site being formed by a factory site.

[0039] According to an alternative embodiment, the unit can be an airport, with the terrain being formed by an airport site.

[0040] According to another alternative embodiment, the unit can be a construction site, with the terrain being formed by a construction site site.

[0041] Further important features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the drawings and the associated description of the figures based on the drawings.

[0042] It is understood that the features mentioned above and those to be explained below can be used not only in the combinations specified, but also in other combinations or individually, without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims. Components of a higher-level unit, such as a device, apparatus, or arrangement, mentioned above and those to be mentioned below, which are designated separately, can form separate parts or components of this unit or be integral areas or sections of this unit, even if this is depicted differently in the drawings.

[0043] Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are explained in more detail in the following description, wherein identical reference numerals refer to identical or similar or functionally identical components.

[0044] They show, schematically, Fig. 1. A highly simplified, circuit diagram-like schematic representation of a hybrid vehicle, Fig. 2 a highly simplified view of a geographical unit, Fig. 3 a view as in Fig. 2, however, in a different embodiment, Fig. 4 a side view of the unit in the area of ​​a marking station, Fig. 5 a flowchart of a procedure for operating the hybrid vehicle.

[0045] Accordingly Fig. The hybrid vehicle 1 comprises a fuel cell system 2 for generating electrical energy, a traction battery 3 for storing electrical energy, and an electric traction drive 4 for propelling the hybrid vehicle 1. The traction drive 4 can be appropriately coupled to the wheels 5 of the hybrid vehicle 1, which enable the hybrid vehicle 1 to stand or move on a surface 6. The hybrid vehicle 1 is also equipped with a vehicle control unit 7 configured to operate the hybrid vehicle 1 and is accordingly appropriately coupled to the fuel cell system 2, the traction battery 3, and the traction drive 4. It is understood that the hybrid vehicle 1 is also coupled to power electronics (not shown here) for the distribution and control of the electrical energy.The vehicle control unit 7 is further configured to operate the hybrid vehicle 1 in a fuel cell mode and a battery mode. In fuel cell mode, the fuel cell system 2 is activated, generating electrical energy to power the traction drive 4 and / or the traction battery 3. In battery mode, the fuel cell system 2 is deactivated. In battery mode, the traction drive 4 is powered exclusively by the traction battery 3. The hybrid vehicle 1 is also equipped with a control unit 8, which is coupled to the vehicle control unit 7.

[0046] According to the Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 comprises a geographical unit 9, a geographical area 10, and at least one hybrid vehicle 1. Typically, several hybrid vehicles 1 are provided. The area 10 forms a geographical operating area 11 for the respective hybrid vehicle 1. The respective hybrid vehicle 1 is configured for operation in this operating area 11. The operating area 11 is subdivided into several zones 12, which form at least one restricted zone 13 and at least one free zone 14. In the respective free zone 14, the hybrid vehicle 1 may be operated in fuel cell mode. In the respective restricted zone 13, however, operation of the hybrid vehicle 1 in fuel cell mode is prohibited, so that operation of the hybrid vehicle 1 in battery mode is required there. At least one of these zones 12 can form a variable zone 12', which can be a restricted zone 13 or a free zone 14 depending on varying zone parameters. The zone parameters, such asThe current humidity, room temperature, and air pressure of each variable zone 12' can be continuously monitored using suitable sensors. This makes it possible to dynamically classify each variable zone 12' as either a free zone 14 or a restricted zone 13, depending on the current zone parameters.

[0047] Unit 9 can preferably be a factory 39, in which case site 10 is formed by a factory site 40. Alternatively, unit 9 can be an airport 41, in which case site 10 is formed by an airport site 42. Likewise, unit 9 can be a construction site 43, in which case site 10 is formed by a construction site 44.

[0048] The control unit 8 is configured to carry out a procedure 15, which is described below using the following: Fig. 5 is explained in more detail. According to procedure 15, in step 16 it is determined where the hybrid vehicle 1 is currently located within the operational area 11 and / or whether the hybrid vehicle 1 is currently located in a free zone 14 or in a restricted zone 13. At this point, the variable zones 12' can also be taken into account, namely according to their current state as a free zone 14 or as a restricted zone 13. If it is determined in step 16 that the hybrid vehicle 1 is located in a free zone 14, procedure 15 follows a path 17 and arrives at a step 18 in which the control unit 8 activates the vehicle control unit 7 to operate the hybrid vehicle 1 in fuel cell mode.If, on the other hand, it is determined in step 16 that the hybrid vehicle 1 is in a restricted zone 13, the procedure 15 follows a path 19 and proceeds to a step 20 in which the control unit 8 controls the vehicle control 7 to operate the hybrid vehicle 1 in battery mode.

[0049] According to Fig. 1. The fuel cell system 2 can, in the usual manner, comprise a fuel cell stack 21 that converts anode gas with cathode gas into electrical energy. The fuel cell system 2 also has an anode gas supply 22, which is configured to supply the fuel cell stack 21 with anode gas. The activated and deactivated fuel cell system 2 is conveniently achieved by switching the anode gas supply 22 on or off, respectively. In other words, to deactivate the fuel cell system 2 for battery operation, the anode gas supply 22 is switched off, so that no more anode gas is supplied to the fuel cell stack 21 and consequently it can no longer generate electrical energy. Furthermore, the fuel cell system 2 can then no longer produce exhaust gases containing anode gas.The deactivated or switched-off fuel cell system 2 is still warm and can be brought back into active operation for power generation by a relatively short warm-start procedure. To activate the fuel cell system 2, the anode gas supply 22 is switched on. Switching between fuel cell mode and battery mode can therefore be carried out comparatively quickly, certainly faster than a complete start-up or ramp-up of the fuel cell system 2 during a cold start, which requires a significantly longer cold-start procedure.

[0050] According to Fig. In accordance with procedure 15, in step 23, a trajectory 24 of the hybrid vehicle 1 can also be determined from the determination of the current location of the hybrid vehicle 1 within the operational area 11 carried out in step 16, along which the hybrid vehicle 1 moves within the operational area 11. Fig. Figure 2 shows, purely as an example, such a trajectory 24. Arrows indicate a direction of movement 25 of the hybrid vehicle 1 along the trajectory 24. According to Fig. In step 26, based on the determined trajectory 24, it can be predicted when the hybrid vehicle 1 will reach a boundary 27 along trajectory 24, which is located between a restricted zone 13 and a free zone 14. Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 such boundaries 27 are marked. In step 28, it is checked whether the hybrid vehicle 1 approaching a boundary 27 is currently in a free zone 14 or in a restricted zone 13. If the hybrid vehicle 1 is located as in Fig. Currently in a free zone 14, the procedure follows path 29 and proceeds to step 30. In step 30, the control unit 8 assumes that the boundary 27, which the hybrid vehicle 1 is approaching, leads to a restricted zone 13. In step 30, a switching procedure to change from fuel cell mode to battery mode is initiated before the boundary 27 is reached, such that the switching procedure is completed before or upon reaching boundary 27. In other words, the hybrid vehicle 1 approaches boundary 27 within free zone 14 in fuel cell mode and crosses boundary 27 in battery mode, thus entering restricted zone 13 in battery mode. Optionally, the current state of charge of the traction battery 3 can also be taken into account in step 30, specifically to check whether the current state of charge is sufficient for the upcoming operation of the hybrid vehicle 1 in restricted zone 13.For this purpose, the required energy demand of hybrid vehicle 1 can be estimated using a motion model of the hybrid vehicle 1, which is determined or learned from previous movement patterns of hybrid vehicle 1 within the operating area 11. By comparing the estimated energy demand with the current state of charge of the traction battery 3, it can be easily determined whether the current state of charge is sufficient for the upcoming operation of hybrid vehicle 1 in the restricted zone 13. If the current state of charge is too low, a charging process can be carried out to charge the traction battery before reaching the boundary 27 and before initiating the switching procedure, such that a state of charge is achieved that is sufficient for the estimated energy demand.For the charging process, the fuel cell system 2 can be temporarily operated at an increased power output in order to provide electrical energy for operating the traction drive 4 and for charging the traction battery 3.

[0051] If, however, the hybrid vehicle 1 is located in a restricted zone 13, the procedure follows a path 31 after step 29, which leads to step 32. In step 32, the control unit 8 assumes that the boundary 27, which the hybrid vehicle 1 is approaching, leads to a free zone 14. Consequently, in step 32, a switching procedure to change from battery mode to fuel cell mode is initiated before the boundary 27 is reached, such that this switching procedure is completed after or upon reaching boundary 27. This ensures that the hybrid vehicle 1, coming from the restricted zone, only switches completely to fuel cell mode in free zone 14, thus preventing exhaust emissions within restricted zone 13.

[0052] Even when the hybrid vehicle 1 is operating in battery mode within such a restricted zone 13, the current charge level of the traction battery 3 can be continuously monitored. If the charge level falls below a predetermined threshold, the driver can be alerted so that they can leave the restricted zone 13 in time before the hybrid vehicle 1 comes to a standstill. In the case of an autonomously driving hybrid vehicle 1, the hybrid vehicle 1 can automatically exit the restricted zone 13. In an adjacent free zone 14, the traction battery 3 can be recharged using the fuel cell mode.

[0053] The determination in step 16 of where the hybrid vehicle 1 is located within the operational area 11 and / or whether the hybrid vehicle 1 is currently in a free zone 14 or a restricted zone 13, and / or the determination of the trajectory 24, can be carried out by determining a geographical location of the hybrid vehicle and comparing it with geographical data of the operational area 11. The zone parameters mentioned above can also be taken into account to determine the current state of the variable zones 12', so that these can be considered as restricted zone 13 or free zone 14 depending on their state. For example, the control unit 8 can be equipped with a satellite-based navigation system 33 for this purpose. Fig. In this case, the navigation device 33 is integrated into the control unit 8. Alternatively, such a navigation device 33 can also be provided separately from the control unit 8, in which case the control unit 8 is coupled to the navigation device 33 in a suitable manner. The navigation device 33 can be used to determine the geographical location of the hybrid vehicle 1. By comparing or aligning the determined geographical location with geographical data of the operational area 11, the current position of the hybrid vehicle 1 within the operational area 11 can be determined. Furthermore, it can be determined whether the hybrid vehicle 1 is currently located in a restricted zone 13 or in a free zone 14. The trajectory 24 can also be determined in this way. The comparison with the geographical data of the operational area 11 can be carried out using a geographical map representing the operational area 11.This card can be stored in control unit 8 or in a memory location accessible to control unit 8. This memory location can be in hybrid vehicle 1 or on a backend server accessible to control unit 8.

[0054] According to the Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. Unit 9 can be equipped with several marking stations 34, which are distributed throughout the operational area 11, i.e., on site 10. According to Fig. 4. The respective marker station 34 can be configured to transmit a location signal 35 that correlates with a location and / or location information. In other words, the location signal 35 carries data containing the location or location information. The location is the place where the respective marker station 34 is located within the operational area 11. The location information includes information about whether the location of the respective marker station 34 is in a free zone 14 or in a restricted zone 13, or on a boundary 27 between a restricted zone 13 and a free zone 14.

[0055] According to Fig. 1. The control unit 8 can have a receiving unit 36. In the example of the Fig. In 1, the receiving unit 36 ​​is integrated into the control unit 8. In another embodiment, the receiving unit 36 ​​can also be designed separately from the control unit 8. In this case, the control unit 8 is coupled to the receiving unit 36 ​​in a suitable manner. Fig. A separate receiving unit 36 ​​is indicated in Figure 4. The receiving unit 36 ​​is configured to receive the location signals 35. The control unit 8 can also be configured to determine, by evaluating the location signals, where the hybrid vehicle 1 is located within the operational area 11, and / or whether the hybrid vehicle 1 is currently in a restricted zone 13 or in a free zone 14. Furthermore, the control unit 8 can determine the trajectory 24 of the hybrid vehicle 1 by evaluating the location signals.

[0056] In particular, if unit 9 is formed by a factory 39, the hybrid vehicle 1 is preferably an intralogistics vehicle 37, which could, for example, be a forklift truck. The zones 12 within the factory premises 40, which here represents the area of ​​operation 11 of the hybrid vehicle 1 or the intralogistics vehicle 37, can be formed by buildings located on the factory premises 40 or by sections of buildings. Likewise, open spaces or sections of open spaces on the factory premises 40 can form such zones 12. If unit 9 is formed by an airport 41, the hybrid vehicle 1 can preferably be an airport logistics vehicle 45, e.g., a baggage trolley tractor. The zones 12 within the airport grounds 42, which here represents the area of ​​operation 11 of the hybrid vehicle 1 or the intralogistics vehicle 37, can be formed by buildings located on the factory premises 40 or by sections of buildings.The airport logistics vehicle 45 is represented by buildings located on airport grounds 42, or by building sections.

[0057] Similarly, open spaces or sections of open spaces within the airport grounds 42 can form such zones 12. If unit 9 is formed by a construction site 43, the hybrid vehicle 1 can preferably be a construction machine 46, e.g., an excavator. The zones 12 within the construction site 44, which here represents the area of ​​operation 11 of the hybrid vehicle 1 or the construction machine 46, can be formed by buildings located on the construction site 44 or by sections of buildings. Likewise, open spaces or sections of open spaces within the construction site 44 can form such zones 12.

[0058] In the example of the Fig.Figure 4 shows an area of ​​site 10 or operational area 11 in which two free zones 14 are connected by a restricted zone 13. For example, the restricted zone 13 can be formed here by a tunnel 38. The respective boundary 27 is formed by a gate 47 that separates the restricted zone 13 or the tunnel 38 from the respective free zone 14. Reference symbol list 1 hybrid vehicle 2 Fuel cell system 3 traction batteries 4 traction drive 5 wheels 6 Subsurface 7 Vehicle control 8 Control unit 9 geographical unit 10 geographical terrain 11 Area of ​​operation Zone 12 13 Restricted zone 14 Free Zone 15 procedures Step 16 Path 17 Step 18 Path 19 Step 20 21 fuel cell stacks 22 Anode gas supply Step 23 24 Trajectory 25 Direction of movement Step 26 27 border Step 28 Path 29 30 steps Path 31 Step 32 33 Navigation system 34 Marking station 35 Location signal 36 receiver units 37 Intralogistics vehicles 38 tunnels 39 factory 40 factory premises 41 Airport 42 Airport grounds 43 Construction Site 44 construction site areas 45 airport logistics vehicles 46 Construction machine 47th goal QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] WO 2023 237 342 A1

[0002] CN 216 713 993 U

[0006] CN 113 175 247 A

[0006] CN 218 228 944 U

[0006] JP 2005 353 346 A

[0006]

Claims

[1] Method (15) for operating a hybrid vehicle (1), - wherein the hybrid vehicle (1) comprises a fuel cell system (2) for generating electrical energy, a traction battery (3) for storing electrical energy, an electric traction drive (4) for propelling the hybrid vehicle (1), and a vehicle control unit (7) configured to operate the hybrid vehicle (1) in a fuel cell mode in which the fuel cell system (2) is activated and generates electrical energy to supply the traction drive (4) and / or to supply the traction battery (3), and in a battery mode in which the fuel cell system (2) is deactivated and the traction drive (4) is supplied with electrical energy by the traction battery (3), - wherein the hybrid vehicle (1) is configured for operation in a predetermined geographical area of ​​operation (11) which is geographically subdivided into several zones (12) which include at least one free zone (14) in which the hybrid vehicle (1) can be operated in fuel cell mode and at least one restricted zone (13) in which operation of the hybrid vehicle (1) in fuel cell mode is not permitted, - which determines where the hybrid vehicle (1) is located within the operational area (11) and / or whether the hybrid vehicle (1) is currently in a free zone (14) or in a restricted zone (13), - in which the hybrid vehicle (1) operates in fuel cell mode when it is in a free zone (14) and in battery mode when it is in a restricted zone (13). [2] Method (15) according to claim 1, characterized by , - that the fuel cell system (2) comprises a fuel cell stack (21) and an anode gas supply (22) for supplying the fuel cell stack (21) with anode gas, - that to deactivate the fuel cell system (2) the anode gas supply (22) is switched off, - that the anode gas supply (22) is switched on to activate the fuel cell system (2). [3] Method (15) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by , - that a trajectory (24) of the hybrid vehicle (1) is determined along which the hybrid vehicle (1) moves in the operational area (11), - that the trajectory (24) is used to predict when the hybrid vehicle (1) will reach a boundary (27) between a free zone (14) and a restricted zone (13) along the trajectory (24), - that a switching procedure to switch from fuel cell mode to battery mode is initiated in time before reaching the limit (27) if the hybrid vehicle (1) is in a free zone (14) and is approaching a restricted zone (13), so that the switching procedure is completed before or when reaching the limit (27). [4] Method (15) according to claim 3, characterized by , - that, prior to reaching the limit (27), the energy demand of the traction drive (4) for the expected operation of the hybrid vehicle (1) in the restricted zone (13) is predicted and compared with the current state of charge of the traction battery (3), - that a charging process of the traction battery (3) is carried out in time prior to initiating the switching procedure if the estimated energy requirement is greater than the current state of charge. [5] Method (15) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized by , - that a switching procedure to switch from battery mode to fuel cell mode is initiated in time before reaching the limit (27) if the hybrid vehicle (1) is in a restricted zone (13) and is approaching a free zone (14), so that the switching procedure is completed after or upon reaching the limit (27). [6] Method (15) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , - that determining where the hybrid vehicle (1) is located within the operational area (11) and / or whether the hybrid vehicle (1) is currently located in a free zone (14) or in a restricted zone (13), and / or determining a trajectory (24) of the hybrid vehicle (1) along which the hybrid vehicle (1) moves in the operational area (11), is done by determining a geographical location of the hybrid vehicle (1) and comparing it with geographical data of the operational area (11). [7] Method (15) according to claim 6, characterized by , - that the determination of the geographical location of the hybrid vehicle (1) is carried out using a satellite-based navigation device (33). [8] Method (15) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized by , - that the comparison of the determined geographical location of the hybrid vehicle (1) with the geographical data of the operational area (11) is carried out using a geographical map representing the operational area (11). [9] Method (15) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , - that the zones (12) of the operational area (11) have at least one variable zone (12') which, depending on varying zone parameters, can form a restricted zone (13) or a free zone (14), - that the zone parameters of the respective variable zone (12') are monitored and the respective variable zone (12') is dynamically classified as a free zone (14) or as a restricted zone (13) depending on the current zone parameters, - that when determining whether the hybrid vehicle (1) is currently in a free zone (14) or in a restricted zone (13), the respective variable zone (12') and its current classification as a free zone (14) or restricted zone (13) are taken into account. [10] Method (15) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by , - that determining where the hybrid vehicle (1) is located within the operational area (11) and / or whether the hybrid vehicle (1) is currently located in a free zone (14) or in a restricted zone (13), and / or determining a trajectory (24) of the hybrid vehicle (1) along which the hybrid vehicle (1) moves within the operational area (11), is carried out by arranging several marker stations (34) in the operational area (11), each of which is configured to send a location signal (35) that correlates with a location where the respective marker station (34) is located within the operational area (11), and / or with location information as to whether the location is in a free zone (14) or in a restricted zone (13) or on a boundary (27) between a free zone (14) and a restricted zone (13), and that the location signals (35) are received and evaluated. [11] Method (15) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by , - that the hybrid vehicle (1) is configured as an intralogistics vehicle (37), - that the area of ​​operation (11) is formed by a factory site (40) of a factory (39), - that the zones (12) are formed by buildings on the factory premises (40) and / or by building sections of buildings on the factory premises (40) and / or by open spaces of the factory premises (40) and / or by open space sections of open spaces of the factory premises (40). [12] Method (15) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by , - that the hybrid vehicle (1) is configured as an airport logistics vehicle (45), - that the operational area (11) is formed by an airport site (42) of an airport (41), - that the zones (12) are formed by buildings on the airport premises (42) and / or by building sections of buildings on the airport premises (42) and / or by open spaces of the airport premises (42) and / or by open space sections of open spaces of the airport premises (42). [13] Method (15) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by , - that the hybrid vehicle (1) is configured as a construction machine (46), - that the area of ​​operation (11) is formed by a construction site (44) of a construction site (43), - that the zones (12) are formed by buildings on the construction site (44) and / or by building sections of buildings on the construction site (44) and / or by open spaces of the construction site (44) and / or by open space sections of open spaces of the construction site (44). [14] Control unit (8) for operating a hybrid vehicle (1), - wherein the hybrid vehicle (1) comprises a fuel cell system (2) for generating electrical energy, a traction battery (3) for storing electrical energy, an electric traction drive (4) for propelling the hybrid vehicle (1), and a vehicle control unit (7) configured to operate the hybrid vehicle (1) in a fuel cell mode in which the fuel cell system (2) is activated and generates electrical energy to supply the traction drive (4) and / or to supply the traction battery (3), and in a battery mode in which the fuel cell system (2) is deactivated and the traction drive (4) is supplied with electrical energy by the traction battery (3), - wherein the hybrid vehicle (1) is configured to operate in a predetermined geographical area of ​​operation (11), - wherein the area of ​​operation (11) is geographically divided into several zones (12) which include at least one free zone (14) in which the hybrid vehicle (1) can be operated in fuel cell mode and at least one restricted zone (13) in which the operation of the hybrid vehicle (1) in fuel cell mode is not permitted, - wherein the control device (8) is configured to couple with the vehicle control system (7) and to carry out the method (15) according to any of the preceding claims. [15] Control device (8) according to claim 14, characterized by , - that the control device (8) has a receiving unit (36) or is coupled or can be coupled to a receiving unit (36) configured to receive location signals (35) originating from marker stations (34) distributed throughout the operational area (11) and correlating with a location where the respective marker station (34) is located within the operational area (11) and / or with location information indicating whether the location is in a free zone or in a restricted zone or on a boundary (27) between a restricted zone (13) and a free zone (14), - that the control unit (8) is configured to determine, by evaluating the location signals (35), where the hybrid vehicle (1) is located within the operational area (11) and / or whether the hybrid vehicle (1) is currently in a free zone (14) or in a restricted zone (13), and / or determine a trajectory (24) of the hybrid vehicle (1) along which the hybrid vehicle (1) moves within the operational area (11). [16] Hybrid vehicle (1), - with a fuel cell system (2) for generating electrical energy, - with a traction battery (3) for storing electrical energy, - with an electric traction drive (4) for driving the hybrid vehicle (1), and - with a vehicle control unit (7) configured to operate the hybrid vehicle (1) in a fuel cell mode in which the fuel cell system (2) is activated and generates electrical energy to supply the traction drive (4) and / or to supply the traction battery (3), and in a battery mode in which the fuel cell system (2) is deactivated and the traction drive (4) is supplied with electrical energy by the traction battery (3), - wherein the hybrid vehicle (1) is configured for operation in a predetermined geographical area of ​​operation (11) which is geographically subdivided into several zones (12) which include at least one free zone (14) in which the hybrid vehicle (1) can be operated in fuel cell mode and at least one restricted zone (13) in which operation of the hybrid vehicle (1) in fuel cell mode is not permitted, - wherein the hybrid vehicle (1) also has a control unit (8) coupled to the vehicle control unit (7) according to claim 10 or 11. [17] Hybrid vehicle (1) according to claim 16, characterized by , - that the hybrid vehicle (1) is configured as an intralogistics vehicle (37), wherein the area of ​​operation (11) is formed by a factory site (40) of a factory (39) and the zones (12) are formed by buildings on the factory site (40) and / or by building sections of buildings on the factory site (40) and / or by open areas of the factory site (40) and / or by open area sections of open areas of the factory site (40), or - that the hybrid vehicle (1) is configured as an airport logistics vehicle (45), wherein the area of ​​operation (11) is formed by an airport site (42) of an airport (41) and the zones (12) are formed by buildings on the airport site (42) and / or by building sections of buildings on the airport site (42) and / or by open spaces of the airport site (42) and / or by open space sections of open spaces of the airport site (42), or - that the hybrid vehicle (1) is configured as a construction machine (46), wherein the area of ​​operation (11) is formed by a construction site (44) of a construction site (43) and the zones (12) are formed by buildings on the construction site (44) and / or by building sections of buildings on the construction site (44) and / or by open areas of the construction site (44) and / or by open area sections of open areas of the construction site (44). [18] Geographical unit (9), - with a geographical terrain (10), - with at least one hybrid vehicle (1) according to claim 14 or 15, - wherein the terrain (10) represents a geographical area of ​​operation (11) for the respective hybrid vehicle (1), which is geographically divided into several zones (12) that have at least one free zone (14) in which the hybrid vehicle (1) can be operated in fuel cell mode and at least one restricted zone (13) in which operating the hybrid vehicle (1) in fuel cell mode is not permitted. [19] Unit (9) according to claim 18, characterized by , - that the unit (9) has several marker stations (34) arranged in the operational area (11) and each configured to send a location signal (35) correlating with a location where the respective marker station (34) is located within the operational area (11) and / or with location information as to whether the location is in a free zone (14) or in a restricted zone (13) or on a boundary (27) between a restricted zone (13) and a free zone (14), - that the control unit (8) of the respective hybrid vehicle (1) has a receiver (36) or is coupled to a receiver (36) configured to receive the location signals (35), - that the control unit (8) is configured to determine, by evaluating the location signals (35), where the hybrid vehicle (1) is located within the operational area (11) and / or whether the hybrid vehicle (1) is currently in a free zone (14) or in a restricted zone (13), and / or determine a trajectory (24) of the hybrid vehicle (1) along which the hybrid vehicle (1) moves within the operational area (11). [20] Unit according to claim 18 or 19, characterized by , - that the unit (9) is a factory (39), the site (10) being formed by a factory site (40), or - that the unit (9) is an airport (41), wherein the site (10) is formed by an airport site (42), or - that the unit (9) is a construction site (43), wherein the site (10) is formed by a construction site site (44).

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