Air-water heat pump series with rotary piston compressor

Abstract

The invention relates to an air-to-water heat pump series, comprising several product classes classified according to their energy efficiency, each containing air-to-water heat pumps of a graded housing size and a graded nominal heating output, wherein the heat pumps comprise, in addition to a heat exchanger, a compressor, a condenser, an inverter, fans, a 4 / 2-way switching valve, a collector, an expansion valve, connecting pipes and a check valve and hydraulic components, wherein the finned tube heat exchangers in the housings of the same heat pump housing size from product classes of lower energy efficiency to product classes of higher energy efficiency have lower refrigerant-side pressure losses of the finned tube capillaries than in the housings of the same heat pump housing size from product classes of higher energy efficiency,and wherein in each product class, starting from the heat pump in the position of the stage with the highest rated heating output to the heat pump in the position of the stage with the lowest rated heating output, the same stage position is occupied by the same rotary piston compressor, whereby the compressor for the same stage position fully utilizes its speed range in the product class with the lowest energy efficiency and to a limited extent in the product classes with the higher energy efficiency.

Description

The invention relates to an air-water heat pump series comprising a plurality of product classes classified according to their energy efficiency, each containing air-water heat pumps of a stepped housing size and a stepped rated heating power, wherein the heat pumps comprise, in addition to a heat exchanger, a compressor, a condenser, an inverter, fan, a 4 / 2-way changeover valve, a collector, an expansion valve, connecting tubes and a nonreturn valve, and hydraulic components.An air-water heat pump is an environmentally friendly and efficient solution for recovering heat from the outside air. It absorbs heat from the ambient air and raises it to a higher temperature using a refrigerant circuit. The heat extracted from the ambient air is then made available both for heating and for the preparation of hot water. An air-water heat pump operates efficiently even at low outdoor temperatures and reduces energy consumption and CO 2- emissions as compared to conventional heating systems and is capable, for example, of permanently recovering heat from the ambient air which is readily capable of meeting the heating and hot water requirements of a single-family house.The air-water heat pump draws in outside air via an integrated fan. In this case, the heat present from the air is transferred to a refrigerant via an evaporator. A compressor compresses the refrigerant and thereby raises it to a higher temperature level. This refrigerant, which is then at a higher temperature level, emits thermal energy at the condenser, which is then fed into the heating water of the heating circuit of a house and can heat the latter. Air-water heat pumps use refrigerants which exhibit high efficiency for the field of application even at cold external temperatures. For example, R290(propane) has been found to be a suitable refrigerant.The functioning of an air-water heat pump is mainly to heat or provide hot water. However, they can be equipped with a circuit reversal and thus used for room cooling. The functional principle of active cooling is applied in this case by absorbing the thermal energy from the interior of the building and releasing it to the environment by means of the refrigerant circuit.There is a desire to replace less environmentally friendly heating installations such as those based on oil and gas with more environmentally friendly heating installations. Since the conventional heating systems are in use in large numbers, the relevant industry is required to produce a correspondingly large number of environmentally compatible air-water heat pumps at a first cost price, which does not overrequest the budget of households taking account of governmental conveying means.The industry is thus required to provide high quality air-water heat pumps with the above-mentioned required components at a cost acceptable to consumers. A decisive role in this case is the design of the air-water heat pump series. To date, smaller series of buildings have been implemented and have not been distinguished in the class classification. This involves, in particular, a high development effort, which increases the costs of the air-water heat pumps. This leads to the use of air-water heat pumps with a low specific rated heating capacity, since only a small number of different rated heating capacities are available. This in turn results in the fact that oversized heat pumps are used in doubt, since the required heating power is significantly below the rated heating power provided if no "more suitable" heat pump with a rated heating power suitable for the heat requirement is available. This increases the costs for the users of the heat pump.The power variation has so far been limited only to small ranges. Accordingly, a plurality of different heat pumps with individual development effort were necessary for different power or efficiency requirements.It is disadvantageous in the prior art that the cost-saving potential of unified series of air-water heat pumps is not exhausted.In the development of a new air-water heat pump series with R290 as refrigerant, it was recognized that with increasing numbers of units, the price pressure on the devices will increase ever further. To counteract this, there is a need to unify the devices over the entire power, energy efficiency, sound and cost spectrum.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a production-optimized, simple, cost-effective and very widely installed heat pump series.This object is achieved by the subject matter of claim 1. The claims which are referred back relate to practical and inventive developments of this invention.The invention accordingly provides an air-water heat pump series comprising a plurality of product classes classified according to their energy efficiency and / or sound emission, each comprising air-water heat pumps of a stepped housing size and a stepped rated heating power, wherein the heat pumps comprise, in addition to a heat exchanger, in particular an air-refrigerant heat exchanger, a compressor, a condenser, an inverter, fans, an optional 4 / 2-way changeover valve, an optional collector, an expansion valve, connecting tubes and an optional check valve and optional hydraulic components.A first air-water heat pump having a first of the stepped housing sizes in a first of the product classes produces a first rated heating power and the first heat pump having the first housing size produces a second rated heating power different from the first rated heating power in a second of the product classes, wherein the first heat pump in the first and the second product classes each has a heat exchanger having the same dimension, wherein the first heat pump in the first and the second product classes differs in at least one of the following features:a swept volume of the compressor,a design temperature and / or number of plates of the condenser,a size of the fan, and / orthe expansion valve.In embodiments of the series, in each product class, starting from the heat pump in the position of the stage with the highest rated heating capacity, up to the heat pump in the position of the stage with the lowest rated heating capacity, the same stage position can be occupied with the same heat pump housing size and the heat exchanger of the same size, which produces a different rated heating capacity of the heat pump with respect to the energy efficiency of the respective product class.Furthermore, the housing of the same heat pump housing size can have a laminated tube heat exchanger with an identical height dimension, with an identical number of tube rows, with identical distributions, with an identical knitting and with an identical diameter of the collecting tube.Furthermore, the heat exchanger, in particular the finned tube heat exchanger, can have a greater number of tube rows, more complex distributions and a greater header diameter in product classes of greater energy efficiency with respect to its respective step position than the heat exchangers in product classes of lower energy efficiency with respect to their respective step position.In addition, the finned tube heat exchangers can have lower refrigerant-side pressure losses of the finned tube capillaries in the housings of the same heat pump housing size from product classes of lower energy efficiency to product classes of higher energy efficiency than in the housings of the same heat pump housing size from product classes of higher energy efficiency.Finally, in each product class, starting from the heat pump in the position of the stage with the highest rated heating power, up to the heat pump in the position of the stage with the lowest rated heating power, the same stage position can be occupied by the same rolling piston compressor, wherein the compressor fully uses its rotational speed range for the same stage position in the product class with the lowest energy efficiency and is limited in the product classes with the higher energy efficiency.Advantageous refinements of the invention provide:the same type of condenser is used for all heat pumps, wherein in each product class, starting from the heat pump in the position of the stage with the highest rated heating power, up to the heat pump in the position of the stage with the lowest rated heating power, the condenser has the same number of compressor plates in the same stage position with respect to the rated power, wherein the condenser has a larger number of compressor plates in product classes of higher energy efficiency than in product classes of lower energy efficiency for the same stage position;for at least one of the air-water heat pumps of one of the housing sizes, a 1-phase inverter and a 3-phase inverter are alternatively used.each of the air-water heat pumps of different housing sizes has one or more fans of the same type, wherein the series is implemented with only two different fan sizes of the fans.- the heat pumps have a 4 / 2-way changeover valve and wherein, starting from the heat pump in the position of the stage with the highest rated heating power up to the heat pump in the position of the stage with the lowest rated heating power, the heat pump has a 4 / 2-way changeover valve of the same size in the same stage position, wherein the 4 / 2-way changeover valves, starting from the heat pump in the position of the stage having the highest rated heating capacity, up to a heat pump of a certain smaller heating capacity in the position of the stage, have a larger or alternatively the same size in product classes of higher energy efficiency in product classes of higher energy efficiency for the same stage position than in product classes of lower energy efficiency, and wherein below the certain smaller heating capacity all heat pumps have 4 / 2-way changeover valves of the same size in all product classes.the heat pumps have a collector for collecting refrigerant, and wherein in each product class, starting from the heat pump in the position of the stage with the highest rated heating capacity to the heat pump in the position of the stage with the lowest rated heating capacity, the same stage position is substantially occupied by a collector of the same capacity, and wherein the volumes of the collectors within a product class are used for larger heat pumps, collectors with a larger capacity, and for smaller heat pumps, collectors with a smaller capacity;in each product class, starting from the heat pump in the position of the stage with the highest rated heating power and up to the heat pump in the position of the stage with the lowest rated heating power, the same stage position is substantially occupied by an expansion valve of the same size, and wherein larger expansion valves are used for larger heat pumps and smaller expansion valves are used for smaller heat pumps within a product class.in each product class, starting from the heat pump in the position of the stage with the highest rated heating power up to the heat pump in the position of the stage with the lowest rated heating power, the same stage position within the refrigeration circuit is substantially occupied by connection pipes of the same diameter, and wherein connection pipes of the same diameter are used for larger heat pumps and connection pipes of the smaller diameter are used for smaller heat pumps within one product class;in each product class, starting from the heat pump in the position of the stage with the highest rated heating capacity up to the heat pump in the position of the stage with the lowest rated heating capacity, the same stage position within the refrigeration circuit is substantially occupied by check valves of the same size, and wherein, within one product class, larger check valves are used for larger heat pumps and smaller check valves are used for smaller heat pumps;in each product class, starting from the heat pump in the position of the stage with the highest rated heating capacity up to the heat pump in the position of the stage with the lowest rated heating capacity, the same stage position is substantially occupied with hydraulic components with the same capacity, and wherein within one product class, hydraulic components with a larger capacity are used for larger heat pumps and hydraulic components with a smaller capacity are used for smaller heat pumps, andThe same type of filter dryer is used for the heat pumps of all product classes.With the aid of the series approach according to the invention, production of heat pumps which is optimized in terms of production, simple, cost-effective and very widely set up can be implemented with many identical parts. Due to the relatively low structural complexity in the realization of the series, a broader product portfolio than in the prior art can be achieved. In addition, the field of use of air-water heat pumps can be optimally adapted to the respective requirements by specifically selecting the heating power spectrum and the sound insulation of the air-water heat pumps, wherein the same heat pumps are used in the housings of the same size in the different product classes, but the air-water heat pumps are operated with different energy efficiencies.The invention is explained with further details on the basis of the exemplary embodiment illustrated in the drawing figures. The following are shown: FIG. 1 shows a diagrammatic form of an air-water heat pump series configured according to the invention, comprising a plurality of product classes classified according to their energy efficiency, each containing air-water heat pumps of a stepped housing size and a stepped rated heating power, FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of the air-water heat pump series of FIG. 1, in which technical sizes of the heat pumps are entered into the representations indicative thereof, FIG. 3 shows diagrammatically the air-water heat pump series of FIG. 1, comprising the indication of swept volumes of rolling piston compressors of the heat pumps, FIG. 4 shows diagrammatically the air-water heat pump series of FIG. 1 specifying parameters of the condensers of the heat pumps, FIGS. 5, 6 show diagrammatically the air-water heat pump series of FIG. 1 specifying the parameters of 1-phase and 3-phase inverters of the respective heat pump, FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic view of the air-water heat pump series of FIG. 1 indicating the parameters of fans of the heat pumps, FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic view of the air-water heat pump series of FIG. 1 showing the parameters of 4 / 2-way switching valves of the heat pumps, FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic view of the air-water heat pump series of FIG. 1 showing the parameters of heat pump accumulators, FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic view of the air-water heat pump series of FIG. 1 showing the parameters of expansion valves of the heat pumps, FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic view of the air-water heat pump assembly of FIG. 1 showing the parameters of the heat pump manifolds and check valves; and FIG. 12 is a diagrammatic view of the air-water heat pump series of FIG. 1 showing the parameters of hydraulic components of the heat pumps.Identical and structurally identical parts are provided with identical reference numerals. The figures may contain partially simplified or schematic representations. Different views of like parts may be scaled differently.FIG. 1 shows, by way of example, schematically in diagrammatic form, an air-water heat pump series configured according to the invention. In the diagram, the heating power of the heat pumps is plotted on the x-axis and three product classes classified according to the energy efficiency of the heat pumps are plotted on the y-axis.The air-water heat pump series shown in the figure comprises three product classes "trend", "plus" and "premium" classified according to the energy efficiency and / or sound emission of the heat pumps. The product class "trend" is characterized in that it contains the air-water heat pumps of the series with the lowest energy efficiency and simultaneously or alternatively with the highest sound emission. The product class "premium" is characterized in that it contains the air-water heat pumps of the series with the highest energy efficiency and alternatively or simultaneously with the lowest sound emission. The product class "Plus" is distinguished in that it contains the air-water heat pumps of the series with an energy efficiency which is located between the energy efficiency and / or the sound emission of the product classes "Trend" and "Premium". Of course, the terms of the three product classes should be understood only as examples and in other cases more than three product classes are also conceivable.Each product class contains a number of air-water heat pumps with a graded heat output spectrum and graded casing sizes 1 to 7, where 1 denotes the largest and 7 denotes the smallest casing.The product class "trend" comprises housings of all housing sizes 1 to 7. the product class "plus" comprises housings of housing sizes 1 to 6, and the product class "premium" comprises housings of housing sizes 1 to 5. In other embodiments, however, the number of heat pumps in each product class of the series can also be the same.Not every housing size is therefore necessarily contained in all of the product classes. However, if a heat pump of a particular size of casing is included in multiple product classes, then the rated heating capacity of that heat pump of a particular size of casing is different between the multiple product classes. The principle is always constant, since the rated heating power decreases from trend over Plus to premium with the housing size remaining the same.Thus, a plurality of heat pumps with different rated heating capacities can be realized with a single housing size. The different rated heating powers enable product diversification with simultaneously possible reuse of many components, in particular the housings. In particular, a relative reduction of the rated heating power can be associated with an increase in the efficiency (COP) of the heat pump and a reduction in the sound emission. Thus, the heat pumps of the exemplary Premium product class have a higher efficiency (COP) and lower acoustic emission value than heat pumps of the same package size of the Plus and Trend product classes.Each heat exchanger in the same stage position, i.e. with the same housing size, of the respective product class yields a different rated heating capacity of the heat pump with respect to the energy efficiency of this product class.The sound emission of the three product classes is staggered in such a way that the sound emission is the highest in the product class "trend" and the lowest in the product class "premium".The heat pumps of the product class "trend" thus provide more heating power to be generated relative to the two other product classes, but for this purpose more electrical energy has to be used for the heating power that can be achieved in relation to the other two product classes "plus" and "premium" on account of a somewhat lower efficiency. This is accompanied by a comparatively high sound emission of the heat pumps of the product class "Trend". In other words, the heat pumps of the product class "trend" are characterized by a comparatively high power consumption at a lower procurement price, by a higher heating costs and a higher sound emission.The heat exchangers in the present case are those of the lamella tube type. With the finned tube heat exchanger, the requirements for the series for an air-water heat pump set up outdoors can be implemented with the refrigerant R 290, and with its respective embodiment, the product classes classified according to energy efficiency can be realized with their air-water heat pumps of graded rated heating capacity as described below. For all the fin tube heat exchangers, the same fin type (corrugated and hydrophilically coated) can be used.In FIG. 2, the parameters with which the energy efficiency and the heating power are predefined are entered into the respective heat pumps. In particular, the dimensions of the heat exchanger, the tube rows, the distributions, the pressure losses of the capillary tubes and the manifold diameters are given by way of example for each heat pump.Size of the Heat ExchangersThe size of the heat exchanger is essentially decisive for the efficiency of the heat pump, wherein the efficiency of the heat pump is also increased as the size of the heat exchanger increases.The aim here is to provide as few different heat exchangers as possible, in order to increase the number of components that can be reused between a plurality of heat pumps. Therefore, the width of the heat exchangers is preferably kept as uniform as possible. The heat exchangers of heat pump sizes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 all have a width of, for example, 800 mm in this example. Preferably, the heat pump sizes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 also all have the same base area and differ from one another exclusively in height. The heat exchangers of the heat pump size 6 and 7 have a smaller width of 550 mm, for example, in particular on account of device size and cost requirements. The width is reduced since the heat exchanger operated as evaporator should remain as square as possible in order to provide sufficient space for the fan. The height of the heat exchangers, on the other hand, varies as a function of the heating power, wherein a higher heating power is associated with a greater height of the heat exchangers:The heights of the heat exchangers become lower in accordance with the housing sizes of 1 to 7.The series of buildings is divided into 3 classes (premium, plus, trend).In this example, the entire series of construction consists of 7 different evaporators which are used accordingly in the respective appliance classes. One evaporator each is assigned to a matching housing size.The evaporator size increases with increasing requirements. This means that for a trend device, a large amount of heating power is used with an evaporator size present. At plus this ratio is already smaller and at premium this is again reduced so that for premium devices a relatively large evaporator for the heating power is provided.Since the size of the evaporator is essentially decisive for the efficiency of the heat pump, the efficiency of the heat pump is also increased with the increasing evaporator size and the first step of distinguishing the classes (the efficiency) is thus implemented.An additional point for efficiency is the reduction of the refrigerant-side pressure loss with increasing evaporator size with the same size, whereby the evaporation temperature is likewise improved.In addition to the refrigerant-side pressure loss, the larger evaporator (here larger end face) also reduces the pressure loss on the air side at the same volume flow. As a result, the fan output is reduced at the same volume flow.Or, with the same fan output, a larger volume flow can be achieved, which leads to an improvement in efficiency.Alternatively, the air volume flow can be reduced at the same evaporation temperature, so that the sound level of the heat pump is reduced.A further point is the larger Alu lamella surface of the heat exchanger resulting from the larger evaporator, as a result of which the time up to a necessary defrosting is extended in evaporator operation. This also leads to an increase in efficiency of the heat pump.Due to these effects, the use of the different evaporator sizes at the same power can meet the different requirements of the 3 device classes of sound, efficiency, heating power and costs.Tube Rows of Heat ExchangersThe number of tube rows of the heat exchangers both in depth and in width is likewise decisive for the efficiency of the heat pump, wherein the efficiency of the heat pump is increased with an increasing number of tube rows.The heat exchangers of heat pump sizes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 have four rows of tubes in depth. The heat exchanger of heat pump size 6 has three tube rows in depth.Distributors of the Heat ExchangersThe same type of distributor is used for all heat exchangers, which however differs in the following points which are likewise decisive for the efficiency of the heat pump: the number of distributions, the diameter of the injection line, the cross-sectional area of the distributor nozzle (sum of the internal cross sections of the capillaries). The diameter of the capillaries is the same for all variants; they differ only in their length.Knitting of the Heat Transfer UnitsThe heat exchangers of the heat pump sizes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 have the same entanglement, which increases or becomes more complex with the increasing height. Optionally, in the further heat exchangers of the heat pump sizes 6 and 7, a different entanglement or else the same entanglement can be used.Reduction of the Refrigerant-Side Pressure Loss of the Heat ExchangersAn additional possibility for increasing the energy efficiency is to reduce the refrigerant-side pressure loss with increasing size of the heat exchanger, thereby also improving the evaporation temperature (optimized).In addition to the pressure loss on the refrigerant side, the pressure loss on the air supply side is also reduced at the same volume flow due to the larger heat exchanger due to its larger end face. As a result, the fan output of the heat exchanger is reduced at the same volume flow. Alternatively, a larger volume flow can be achieved with the same fan output, which leads to an improvement in the energy efficiency. Furthermore, alternatively, the air volume flow can be reduced at the same evaporation temperature, so that the sound emission of the heat pump is reduced.The refrigerant-side pressure losses are shown by way of example in FIG. 2. The heat exchanger in the housing of size 1 has, in the product class "premium", a refrigerant-side pressure loss of, for example, 2.19 bar, in the product class "plus", a refrigerant-side pressure loss of, for example, 2.76 bar, and in the product class "trend", a refrigerant-side pressure loss of, for example, 3.90 bar.The heat exchanger in the housing of size 2 has, in the product class "premium", a refrigerant-side pressure loss of 1.75 bar, for example, in the product class "plus", a refrigerant-side pressure loss of 2.95 bar, for example, and, in the product class "trend", a refrigerant-side pressure loss of 3.170 bar, for example.The heat exchanger in the housing of size 3 has, in the product class "premium", a refrigerant-side pressure loss of 1.33 bar, for example, in the product class "plus", a refrigerant-side pressure loss of 2.016 bar, for example, and, in the product class "trend", a refrigerant-side pressure loss of 3.01 bar, for example, and so on.FIG. 3 shows a diagrammatic view of the air-water heat pump series of FIG. 1, the heat pumps of which operated with the refrigerant R 290 are equipped with compressors of different stroke volumes.Depending on the size of the heat pump or on the rated heating capacity, compressors with different stroke volumes are used. For example, for compressors in the range of smaller stroke volumes up to, for example, approximately 80 cc of rolling piston compressors are used. For larger swept volumes, scroll compressors or other compressors can be used, for example.It is provided that heat pumps of the same housing size are occupied in different product classes by the respectively same compressor. In addition, it is provided that the heat pumps of the same housing size are occupied by different compressors in different product classes. Thus, for example, the same compressor is to be provided in the product classes Trend and Plus, while a larger compressor is provided in the product class Premium with the highest efficiency or lowest sound emission. This allows the sound emission in the higher-quality product class to be reduced.The configuration of the swept volumes varying from refrigerant to refrigerant herein refers to the refrigerant R 290 and a compressor speed range of 15-120 Hz. The stroke volumes actually used can vary somewhat depending on the stroke volumes available from the manufacturers.The concept is constructed in such a way that compressors of the product class "Trend" use their rotational speed range virtually completely, as a result of which the compressors in question are louder in the upper rotational speed range and have lower efficiencies at higher rotational speeds on account of the internal pressure losses.In the product class "Plus", the speed band is limited upward to approximately 90 to 105 Hz and in the product class "Premium" to approximately 65-95 Hz. This produces a different ratio between swept volume and rated heating power depending on the product class.Due to the reduced utilization of the operating range, the sound emission of the compressors is reduced and the efficiency is increased.FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the air-water heat pump assembly of FIG. 1 indicating types of the heat pump evaporators. Preferably, the same condenser type is selected for all heat pumps, which differs in the dimensioning between the heat pumps. For example, in the case of plate heat exchangers as condensers, the number of plates of the condensers changes between the different heat pumps.In the example of FIG. 4, 7 condenser types A, B, C, D, E, F, G are illustrated, which decrease from A to G in the number of plates, for example.More specifically, in each product class, starting from the heat pump in the position of the stage with the highest rated heating capacity to the heat pump in the position of the stage with the lowest rated heating capacity, the condenser has the same number of compressor plates in the same stage position, wherein the condenser has a larger number of compressor plates for the same stage position in product classes of higher energy efficiency than in product classes of lower energy efficiency. However, it is entirely possible for, for example, in the product class premium for a specific housing size to use condensers which, in the further product classes, are used for a larger housing size in a departure from this. This is because the rated heating capacity for heat pumps of the product class Premium for the same housing size is below the rated heating capacity of the further product classes.The basis for the design of the condensers is to design the heat pumps of the product class "Trend" to a rated heating power (according to heating curve) of A2 (external temperature +2° C.). For the product class "premium", the heat exchangers are designed for a rated heating capacity A-7 (external temperature -7° C.). The heat exchangers of the product class "Plus" are designed for a rated heating power between the rated heating powers of the product classes "Trend" and "Premium". The same condensation temperature is selected as the design temperature, for example.FIGS. 5 and 6 show the air-water heat pump series of FIG. 1 indicating the parameters of 1-phase inverters (FIG. 5 ) and 3-phase inverters (FIG. 6 ) of the respective heat pumps.The power range of the 1-phase inverters is limited upward to about 6-7 kW of electric power. In the 3-phase inverters, the power range is limited downward (the rated power of the heat pump of 5 kW is not specified in FIG. 5 ).The design of the inverters is selected such that, in the case of the heat pumps of the product class "Trend", the inverter performance is still just sufficient for A-7 / W55 (external temperature -7° C. and hot water temperature 55° C.). In the case of the heat pumps of the product class "premium", the design of the inverters is selected such that the complete power range can be achieved even at high flow temperatures. In the heat pumps of the product class "Plus", the inverter power comes to lie between the powers of the product classes "Trend" and "Premium".In addition, the inverters are also distinguished between the associated fan modules, one or two fan modules being used depending on the size and type of inverters.The details of the connection powers are only exemplary and not exhaustive, which is also to be expressed by the question signs partially contained. A decisive finding by the inventors of the present series of structures lies in the fact that heat pumps of the same housing size can be connected in different product classes to a different number of phases, for example the housing size 4.FIG. 7 shows diagrammatically the air-water heat pump series of FIG. 1 specifying parameters of the fans of the heat pumps.It is provided to equip the heat pumps of the complete series with their three product classes with only two different fans (diameters indicated by way of example as 450 mm and 630 mm). If a fan cannot supply the required air power or if a poor air distribution is to be expected on account of the differences in size between fan and heat exchanger, two fans of the same diameter can also be used.The combination of the air delivery quantity of the fan / fans, the pressure loss of the heat exchangers and fan diameters ensures a desired matching of sound emission and energy efficiency, wherein a larger air delivery quantity results in a higher sound emission, and a larger heat exchanger and a larger fan result in a lower sound emission.FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic view of the air-water heat pump assembly of FIG. 1 showing parameters of the 4 / 2 way switching valves of the heat pumps.In the switching valve arranged in the refrigeration circuit, the design is such that the pressure losses for the heat pumps of the product class "trend" are just still acceptable and no excessive noise arises. For the heat pumps of the product classes "Plus" and "Premium", the changeover valve is oversized, so that there is a lower pressure loss.It has thus been shown to be advantageous that the changeover valves in different product classes can be quite different for heat pumps of the same housing size.Since the overall size of the changeover valves in the lower region is limited to a technically expedient maximum size, the valves no longer differ below a rated power of 10 kW. Accordingly, the number of different changeover valves is small, in the example shown only three, so that the complexity of the series remains low.Instead of the changeover valve A indicated for the most powerful heat pumps, a configuration with a plurality of, for example two or three, changeover valves is also possible.FIG. 9 shows diagrammatically the air-water heat pump series of FIG. 1 specifying parameters of the accumulators of the heat pumps, namely a volume of the refrigerant accumulators.A similar approach to the collector is used as in the other components.The volume of the collector is essentially dependent on the internal volume of the evaporator and the condenser of the heat pump, so the collector is adapted to the heat pumps according to the component sizes.The series of products is implemented with three or four different accumulator sizes, depending on how the heat pumps of the housing size 1 are implemented. In any case, it is sufficient to provide three different collector sizes and thus to map a power spectrum which comprises a factor of about 10, namely from just 3 kW to about 25 kW nominal heating power.Furthermore, as appropriate, the connection points (position and connection diameter) for the different collectors are kept the same. As a result, the same tubes can be used as often as possible.FIG. 10 diagrammatically illustrates the air-water heat pump series of FIG. 1 indicating parameters of the expansion valves of the heat pumps.The expansion valves are each adapted to the heat pump type. The valves are used in a plurality of heat pumps. In addition, the heat pumps of the series are fitted with expansion valves in such a way that the connections of the valves are identical over large areas, so that the same connection pipes can also be used here.FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the air-water heat pump assembly of FIG. 1 indicating groups of manifolds and check valves of the heat pumps.The different heat pumps of the series are surrounded by lines of different structure, i.e. fat solid line, solid line, thin solid line and three forms of different dashed lines.The tube dimensions were designed such that the pressure losses for the "trend" product heat pumps are still acceptable and no excessive noise arises. For the product classes "Plus" and "Premium", the changeover valve is oversized, so that there is a lower pressure loss in the relevant heat pumps.In addition, the tube diameters are selected such that as many tubes as possible can be used as identical parts.In the case of the nonreturn valves, the design is such that the pressure losses for heat pumps of the product class "trend" are still just acceptable and no excessive noise arises. For the product classes "Plus" and "Premium", the check valves are oversized, so that there is less pressure loss.Against this background, for the housing sizes 1 and 2, there is the same configuration of pipe diameters and check valve in all product classes. In the housing sizes 3, 4, 5 and 6, the configuration in the product classes Trend and Plus is the same, wherein the housing sizes 3, 4 and 5 provide an individual configuration of the tubes and valves for the product class Premium.FIG. 12 diagrammatically illustrates the air-water heat pump series of FIG. 1 indicating classes of hydraulic components of the heat pumps. As in FIG. 11, the different heat pumps of the series are surrounded by lines of different structure, i.e. solid line, dashed line and solid line in the rich.Thus, due to the different housing sizes and product classes, there are only three different configurations of hydraulic components.The diameters of the hydraulic hoses, the connectors in the hydraulics, the size of the refrigerant (KM) separator, and the external port of the heating hydraulics are chosen such that the series of construction can be implemented with two different sizes:Hydraulic hoses: NW26 and NW32;Connector: NW20 and NW26;KM separator: small and large;Connection Hydraulic external: 1 1 / 4", and 1 1 / 2",The volume flow sensor is divided into three sizes for the series of components, so that the volume flow for the devices can still be measured up to the minimum volume flow occurring and the pressure loss remains acceptable.In all hydraulic components, the components are designed in such a way that the pressure losses can still be accepted for heat pumps of the product class "trend". For the heat pumps of the product classes "Plus" and "Premium", the selected series of products automatically reduces pressure losses in order to reduce the required pump output.Not shown in the figures is the filter dryer contained in each heat pump. The same type of filter dryer with sufficient dimensions is used for each heat pump. The use of the same type of filter dryer for all heat pumps ensures a great reduction in the variance of the connection and connecting pipes and a great reduction in the number of spare parts.

Claims

An air-water heat pump series comprising a plurality of product classes classified according to their energy efficiency and / or sound emission, each containing air-water heat pumps of a stepped housing size and a stepped rated heating power, wherein the heat pumps comprise, in addition to a heat exchanger, in particular an air-refrigerant heat exchanger, a compressor, a condenser, an inverter, a fan, an expansion valve and connecting pipes, characterized in that a first air-water heat pump with a first of the stepped housing sizes in a first of the product classes produces a first rated heating power and the first heat pump with the first housing size in a second of the product classes produces a second rated heating power different from the first rated heating power, wherein the first heat pump in the first and the second product classes each has a heat exchanger with the same dimension, wherein the first heat pump in the first and second product classes differs in at least one of the following features: - a swept volume of the compressor, - a design temperature and / or number of plates of the condenser, - a size of the fan, and / or - the expansion valve.Series according to claim 1, wherein the same type of condenser is used for all heat pumps, wherein in each product class, starting from the heat pump in the position of the stage with the highest rated heating capacity to the heat pump in the position of the stage with the lowest rated heating capacity, the condenser has the same number of compressor plates in the same stage position with respect to the rated capacity, wherein the condenser has a larger number of compressor plates in product classes with higher energy efficiency than in product classes with lower energy efficiency for the same stage position.Series according to claim 1 or 2, wherein for at least one of the air-water heat pumps, one of the shell sizes alternatively uses a 1-phase inverter and a 3-phase inverter.The series of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein each of the air-water heat pumps of different housing sizes comprises one or more similar fans, wherein the series is implemented with only two different fan sizes of the fans.Series of construction according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heat pumps have a 4 / 2-way switching valve and wherein in each product class, starting from the heat pump in the position of the stage with the highest rated heating capacity, up to the heat pump in the position of the stage with the lowest rated heating capacity, the heat pump has in the same stage position a 4 / 2-way switching valve of the same size, wherein the 4 / 2-way switching valves, starting from the heat pump in the position of the stage with the highest rated heating capacity, up to a heat pump of a certain smaller heating capacity in the position of the stage, have for the same stage position in product classes with higher energy efficiency a larger or alternatively the same size than in product classes with lower energy efficiency, and wherein below the certain lower heating power all heat pumps in all product classes have 4 / 2-way changeover valves of the same size.Series according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the heat pumps have a collector for collecting refrigerant and wherein, in each product class, starting from the heat pump in the position of the stage with the highest rated heating capacity to the heat pump in the position of the stage with the lowest rated heating capacity, the same stage position is substantially occupied by a collector of the same capacity, and wherein the volumes of the collectors within a product class are used for larger heat pumps, collectors with a larger capacity and, for smaller heat pumps, collectors with a smaller capacity.Series according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in each product class, starting from the heat pump in the position of the stage with the highest rated heating capacity, to the heat pump in the position of the stage with the lowest rated heating capacity, the same stage position is occupied substantially by an expansion valve of the same size, and wherein within one product class, larger expansion valves are used for larger heat pumps and smaller expansion valves are used for smaller heat pumps.Series according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in each product class, starting from the heat pump in the position of the stage with the highest rated heating capacity, up to the heat pump in the position of the stage with the lowest rated heating capacity, the same stage position within the refrigeration circuit is substantially occupied by connection pipes of the same diameter, and wherein connection pipes of larger diameter are used for larger heat pumps and connection pipes of smaller diameter are used for smaller heat pumps.Series according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in each product class, starting from the heat pump in the position of the stage with the highest rated heating capacity, up to the heat pump in the position of the stage with the lowest rated heating capacity, the same stage position within the refrigeration circuit is substantially occupied with check valves of the same size, and wherein within one product class, larger check valves are used for larger heat pumps and smaller check valves are used for smaller heat pumps.Series according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein in each product class, starting from the heat pump in the position of the stage with the highest rated heating capacity to the heat pump in the position of the stage with the lowest rated heating capacity, the same stage position is substantially occupied by hydraulic components with the same capacity, and wherein within one product class, hydraulic components with a larger capacity are used and hydraulic components with a smaller capacity are used for smaller heat pumps.Series according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the same type of filter dryer is used for the heat pumps of all product classes.

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