System and bolt pulling device for manually inserting / pulling bolts

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for manually inserting / pulling bolts for connecting / separating components of a machine, in particular a crane, comprising a bolt pulling device which includes a movable bolt and a rod connected to or integrally formed with the bolt, with a bearing element for manually moving the bolt, as well as a counter bearing element arranged on one of the components, wherein the bearing element and the counter bearing element are designed as force introduction points for receiving a lever element and are arranged such that by manually applying force to the lever element received in the bearing and counter bearing element, the rod with the bolt can be moved and thereby the components can be connected / separated.The invention further relates to a bolt pulling device for a system according to the invention, a component, in particular a grid piece or grid piece part, with a counter bearing and a bolt pulling device of the system according to the invention, and a working machine, in particular a crane, with such a grid piece.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a system for manually inserting / pulling bolts for connecting / separating components of a working machine, in particular a crane according to claim 1, and a bolt pulling device for this purpose.

[0002] During the assembly of construction machinery, individual components are regularly bolted together. An example of this is the lattice sections of a crane used to assemble the boom system, particularly lattice or counter booms, boom extensions, and jib extensions and their guying brackets. The connection points of the components are usually designed as fork-finger joints and must be aligned for inserting the bolts. Since this usually requires considerable force, it is known to provide a bolt-pulling device on one of the components to be joined, which uses an electric or hydraulic actuator to push the bolt into or pull it out of the connection points. However, such devices are complex in design due to the integrated and controlled drive components and are therefore prone to failure. In contrast, a mechanically operated bolt-pulling device is more efficient.Manually inserting / removing the bolted connections, for example using a hammer, is more economical as it does not require a complex bolt-pulling device. However, manually inserting / removing the bolts can prove time-consuming due to the high forces required.

[0003] Therefore, a solution is sought for inserting / pulling bolts when connecting / separating such components, which overcomes the aforementioned disadvantages.

[0004] According to the invention, this problem is solved by a system with the features of claim 1 and a bolt-pulling device with the features of claim 11. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims and the following description.

[0005] According to the invention, a system for manually inserting or removing bolts to connect or disconnect components of a machine is proposed, wherein the machine is in particular a crane (for example, a crawler crane) and the components are mesh sections or parts of a divisible mesh section. The system comprises a bolt-pulling device, which includes a movable bolt and a rod connected to or integrally formed with the bolt, with a bearing element for manually moving the bolt. By moving the rod, the bolt is moved and thereby inserted or removed. The rod thus serves as an actuating element for the bolt. The term "rod" is to be interpreted broadly and can refer to an elongated, circular solid or hollow profile, but also to an actuating element of a different shape, for example, with a square or flat cross-section.

[0006] The system according to the invention further comprises a counter bearing element, which is arranged on one of the components that are to be connected or disconnected via the bolt. The bearing element and the counter bearing element serve as force introduction points for receiving a lever element, for example, an elongated rod. They are designed and arranged such that, by manually applying force to the lever element received in the bearing and counter bearing elements, the rod can be displaced with the bolt, thereby connecting / disconnecting the components. The lever element is supported against the counter bearing element and, by applying force (by a human operator) via the contact with the bearing element, pushes or pulls the rod along its longitudinal axis in one direction or the other. In this way, the machine operator can generate a very large thrust force for the bolt with normal hand force via the lever arm.

[0007] The lever element can be part of the system according to the invention and, for example, be stored in a provided holder on the machine. Alternatively, the system itself may not include a separate lever element and may only be designed for use with one, in which case the machine operator can use any suitable lever element to move the bolt.

[0008] This design allows the bolt to be manually pulled / inserted using the lever principle, so that no additional tool (e.g. cordless screwdriver, impact wrench, bolt pulling cylinder) needs to be used or an actuator (e.g. a hydraulic or electric linear drive) needs to be provided on the bolt pulling device.

[0009] Preferably, the bolt extraction device is oriented during connection and disconnection (i.e., in its nominal operating position) such that the bolt is displaceable in the vertical direction. The bolt is preferably inserted in the direction of gravity, i.e., downwards, or in the opposite direction, i.e., upwards.

[0010] In one possible embodiment, the bolt-pulling device comprises no actuator or drive for moving the bolt, but rather exclusively mechanical components. This results in a lighter, simpler, more cost-effective, and less failure-prone mechanism for pulling / inserting bolts. Applying the required force is nevertheless easily achieved due to the use of leverage via the bearing and counter-bearing elements.

[0011] In another possible embodiment, the counter bearing element comprises at least two receptacles for receiving the lever element. The receptacles are preferably closed and each provides a secure hold for the lever element. The receptacles are preferably arranged along the direction of movement of the bolt or rod. This allows the lever element to be inserted into a suitable receptacle in different positions of the rod and moved via the leverage effect of the bolt. The spacing of the receptacles is appropriately selected. Preferably, a plurality of receptacles are provided so that a suitable receptacle for receiving the lever element is always available in every end position of the bolt and also in the intermediate positions. The counter bearing element can be designed as a receiving rake.

[0012] In another possible embodiment, the bearing element is arranged at an end of the rod opposite the bolt and preferably comprises an eyelet or a hook element. The lever element can be pushed through the eyelet or inserted into the hook element and placed into the counter bearing element. A force is then applied to the end of the lever element opposite the counter bearing element, thereby exerting a lever force on the rod, which moves it.

[0013] In another possible embodiment, the bolt-pulling device includes a locking mechanism for locking the rod in two different positions. These positions can be the two end positions ("bolted" and "pulled"). Locking the rod prevents unintentional movement of the bolt.

[0014] The locking mechanism preferably comprises a locking element, in particular a locking bolt, which can be inserted into recesses in the rod in the aforementioned positions, thereby blocking axial displacement of the rod. The recesses in the rod can be designed as circumferential grooves (locking grooves). The locking element can, in turn, be secured in a locked position, e.g., by means of a locking pin or cotter pin.

[0015] In another possible embodiment, the bolt-pulling device comprises a detent mechanism with a detent bolt movable between a detent position and a release position. The rod includes several axially adjacent detent grooves into which the detent bolt engages in its detent position. The detent bolt and detent grooves form a detent mechanism. For this purpose, the detent bolt is designed such that, when engaged in a detent groove, it blocks movement of the rod in a first axial direction (in particular, a gravity-induced downward movement of the rod) and preferably allows movement of the rod in the opposite direction (in particular, upward). Preferably, the detent bolt is further designed such that, in the release position, it allows movement of the rod in both axial directions.

[0016] The locking mechanism prevents the rod from sagging due to gravity, simplifying assembly and disassembly as the rod is held in place by itself. To lower the bolt or rod, the locking latch must first be moved into its release position. Raising the bolt, however, is preferably possible at any time, with the locking latch, due to its shape and arrangement, ideally falling automatically into the next locking groove upon passing through one, either due to gravity (and / or a spring element).

[0017] Depending on the arrangement of the bolt extraction device, the direction of gravity blocked by the locking bar can correspond to the bolting direction or the extraction direction.

[0018] In another possible embodiment, the locking mechanism includes a locking element which, in a locked position, blocks movement of the locking bolt from the locked position to the released position. This prevents the locking bolt from unintentionally moving into the released position and the rod from sagging due to gravity. To release the locking bolt, the locking element can either be removed. Alternatively, the locking element can be permanently mounted and movable into an open position to allow movement of the locking bolt between the released and locked positions. The locking element can be designed as a locking pin or a locking spring. The locking element can be mounted on a bracket of the bolt-pulling device or on the locking bolt itself.

[0019] In another possible embodiment, the system includes a bracket or console in which the rod is guided between the bolt and the bearing element. The aforementioned detent and / or locking mechanism can be connected to or integrated into the bracket. Preferably, the bracket is arranged on the same component as the counter bearing element. The bracket can be made of multiple parts.

[0020] In another possible embodiment, the rod has a first mechanical stop which, in a first end position of the bolt, abuts, in particular, a connecting element of one of the components that can be bolted by means of the bolt, and blocks further movement of the rod. The first mechanical stop can be designed as a circumferential projection on the rod.

[0021] Alternatively or additionally, the rod can include a second mechanical stop which, in a second end position of the bolt, abuts a support bracket of the system that guides the rod, thus blocking further movement of the rod. The second mechanical stop can be designed as a circumferential projection on the rod.

[0022] The first and / or second mechanical stop can be arranged between the bolt and the previously described detent grooves.

[0023] The first and second mechanical stops can be formed on a section of the rod with an increased diameter.

[0024] The end positions of the bolt, limited by the first and second mechanical stops, can be the positions "bolted" and "pulled".

[0025] In another possible embodiment, the system comprises a first bolt pulling device for connecting / disconnecting first connecting means (in particular fork-finger connection points) of the components and a second bolt pulling device for connecting / disconnecting second connecting means (in particular fork-finger connection points) of the components, wherein the first and second bolt pulling devices are preferably arranged such that their bolts are aligned coaxially with each other.

[0026] A first bolt-pulling device can be provided for connecting / disconnecting upper fasteners and positioned below, so that the bolt is pushed upwards for fastening. Similarly, a second bolt-pulling device can be provided for connecting / disconnecting lower fasteners and positioned above, so that the bolt is pushed downwards for fastening.

[0027] In another possible embodiment, the bolt has a preferably circumferential and / or conically shaped chamfer at its end facing away from the bearing element to facilitate insertion of the bolt into a fastener to be bolted.

[0028] The invention further relates to a bolt-pulling device for a system according to the invention. This device has the same features and properties as described for the bolt-pulling device in relation to the system according to the invention, so that the preceding descriptions also apply to the bolt-pulling device according to the invention. This is therefore the bolt-pulling device of the system according to the invention as described above.

[0029] The invention further relates to a component comprising a counter bearing and a bolt-pulling device of the system according to the invention. The component can be a grid element, wherein the connection to be bolted can, for example, serve to connect two grid elements (longitudinal connection). The component can also be a grid element of a divisible grid element, wherein the connection to be bolted can serve to connect the grid element elements (transverse connection). In general, however, the system according to the invention can be used for bolting / separating any components of a machine tool and can be provided on the corresponding components.

[0030] The invention further relates to a divisible grid section for a grid boom, comprising two grid section parts that can be detachably connected to one another, each grid section comprising two longitudinally extending corner posts and at least two transverse connection structures fixedly connected to the corner posts. The grid section parts can be detachably connected to one another via connecting means (transverse connection) arranged on the transverse connection structures, wherein at least one of the grid section parts has a counter bearing and a bolt-pulling device of the system according to the invention. The connecting means of the transverse connection structures can be connected / disconnected by means of the system. At least one counter bearing and one bolt-pulling device of the system according to the invention can be provided on each of the grid section parts.

[0031] The longitudinal divisibility of the lattice section can be provided to offer a wider lattice boom with increased lateral stiffness for crane operation, at least in sections, but to achieve a smaller width for transport in a transport position in order to comply with legal requirements regarding maximum permissible transport dimensions.

[0032] In one possible embodiment, the cross-connection structures are designed as prismatic truss structures with triangular top surfaces and comprise upper and lower leg members, each of which is rigidly connected to one of the corner posts and together with it forms an upper and a lower triangular top surface. The upper and lower leg members converge at their ends furthest from the corner posts, respectively, in an upper and a lower point. These upper and lower points are connected to each other by a post, which in particular extends perpendicular to the corner posts.

[0033] The counter bearing and the bolt-pulling device of the system according to the invention are arranged on at least one of the cross-connection structures, namely on the aforementioned post, wherein the connecting elements to be bolted are arranged, in particular, at the lower and / or upper tip of the prismatic cross-connection structure. Preferably, upper and lower connecting elements are located at both tips, and an upper bolt-pulling device (including an upper counter bearing element) is attached to the post below the upper connecting elements, and a lower bolt-pulling device (including a lower counter bearing element) is attached above the lower connecting elements. The bolt-pulling devices are thus located, in particular, between the upper and lower connecting elements.

[0034] The invention further relates to a working machine. This can be a crane, in particular a mobile crane such as a crawler crane. The working machine preferably comprises an undercarriage with a chassis, in particular a crawler chassis, and a superstructure rotatably mounted on the undercarriage about a vertical axis of rotation. A lattice boom is pivotally connected to the superstructure about a horizontal pivot axis. The lattice boom comprises at least one lattice section according to the invention. Preferably, the lattice boom forms the main boom of the working machine. Further attachments, for example a jib, can be mounted on it. The working machine can also have a derrick boom mounted on the superstructure.

[0035] Further features, details and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the exemplary embodiments explained below with reference to the figures. The figures show: Fig. 1: a side view of the system according to the invention in an exemplary embodiment at a lower connection point of a grid piece; Fig. 2: a side view of the system according to the invention at an upper connection point of a grid piece; Fig. 3: the system according to the invention when a force is exerted by means of a lever element; Fig. 4: a perspective view of the rod of the bolt pulling device according to the invention in an exemplary embodiment; Fig. 5: an embodiment of the locking bolt in a perspective view; Fig. 6: a top view of a grid piece according to the invention in an exemplary embodiment; Fig. 7: a side view of the grid piece according to Fig. 6; and Fig. 8: A side view of a working machine according to the invention in an exemplary embodiment.

[0036] The Fig. Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the system according to the invention in a side view. The system comprises a bolt-pulling device 10 and a counter-bearing element 22. In the specific embodiment shown, these are arranged on a post 129 of a divisible grid section 100, which runs between the upper and lower connecting means 126 (see Figure 1). Fig. 6-7), but in principle they can be used on any boltable components. The following explanations regarding the system according to the invention are therefore independent of the components or the embodiment of the grid piece.

[0037] The bolt-pulling device 10 comprises a rod 14 slidably guided or mounted in a holder 21, at the end of which facing the connecting element 126 a bolt 12 for bolting the connecting element 126 is arranged. The bolt 12 can be formed integrally with the rod 14 or connected to it by fasteners. An embodiment of the rod 14 is shown in the Fig. 4 shown in a perspective view.

[0038] The bolt 12 can have a circumferential chamfer 11 (insertion chamfer) at its end facing away from the rod 14 to facilitate insertion into the bolt openings of the connecting means 126 (see Fig. 4).

[0039] The system according to the invention enables the bolt 12 to be inserted / removed without an additional drive. This is achieved by a bearing element 20 arranged at the end opposite the bolt 12 and the bearing element attached to one of the components (in the example of the Fig. 1: counter bearing element 22 arranged on one of the posts 129) so that it is combined with a lever element 24 (see below). Fig. 3) can be used for manually moving the rod 14 and thus the bolt 12. In the Fig. Figure 3 shows an example of a possible usable lever element 24, which can be designed as an elongated rod or elongated sheet metal.

[0040] The bearing element 20 can be designed as an eyelet arranged at the end of the rod 14 opposite the bolt 12. The counter bearing element 22 has several receptacles arranged one above the other in the bolt insertion direction, each receptacle capable of absorbing a large force. The counter bearing element 22 of the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 1 is designed as a rake with a multitude of recesses or indentations. Each recess is closed and provides a secure receptacle for the lever element 24.

[0041] The movement of the bolt 12 is thus achieved by means of force transmission via a simple lever. The lever element 24 can be inserted through the bearing element 20 into a receptacle of the counter bearing element 22. The distances between the receptacles are appropriately chosen. This allows a fitter with normal human hand strength to generate a very large thrust force for the bolt 12 via the resulting lever arm. Retraction of the bolt 12 occurs in the reverse direction.

[0042] The bolt extraction device 10 can preferably be designed for the secure extraction / insertion of the bolt in a vertical direction. For this purpose, the bolt extraction device can include a locking mechanism 40, which ensures that the rod 14 does not unintentionally descend due to gravity. The locking mechanism 40 can include a pivotably mounted locking latch 42, which engages in locking grooves 44 formed on the rod 14 and implements a known locking mechanism. As in the Fig. As shown in Figure 4, the locking grooves 44 can be designed as grooves or milled recesses circumferentially around the rod 14. A plurality of locking grooves 44 can be arranged axially one above the other.

[0043] The locking bolt 42 can be pivotally mounted about a pivot axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rod and secured by means of a locking element 46. The locking bolt 42 can be positioned between a detent position in which a detent lug 43 of the locking bolt 42 (see Figure 46) is engaged. Fig. 5, which shows an embodiment of the locking bolt 42 in a perspective view) engages in the locking grooves 44 and is moved to a release position pivoted away from the rod 14. In the release position, the rod 14 can be moved freely up or down.

[0044] The locking element 46 serves to limit the pivoting movement of the locking bolt 42, preventing it from moving into the release position. It ensures that when the edge between two locking grooves 44 is traversed, the force of gravity moves the locking bolt 42 back against the rod 14, thus engaging it in the next locking groove 44. The locking element 46 can be designed as a retaining spring that can be removed from the locking bolt 42. Alternatively, or in addition to a gravity-based movement of the locking bolt 42 when traversing the edge between two locking grooves 44, a spring element can be provided that presses the locking bolt 42 against the rod 14.

[0045] The locking bolt 42 can be designed such that, in the locked position, downward movement of the rod 14 (in the direction of gravity) is blocked, while upward movement is permitted. The locking grooves 44 interact with the locking bolt 42 in such a way that, during movement in the positive axial direction (upwards), they bring the locking bolt 42 into the engaged position. In this position, the connection is held in place independently (firstly due to the weight of the locking bolt 42 and secondly due to the direction of the force introduced into the locking bolt 42 by the rod 14).

[0046] At the in Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, to insert the bolt 12 (movement in the negative axial direction, i.e. downwards), the retaining spring 46 must be removed, the locking latch 42 folded back into the release position, and the retaining spring 46 reinserted. This leaves the locking latch 42 disengaged.

[0047] In the exemplary embodiment of the Fig. The bracket 21 is also arranged on the post 129, to which the counter bearing element 22 is attached. The bracket 21 serves as a retaining guide, which provides the longitudinal axis and alignment for the bolt 12 with the longitudinal axis of the connecting elements 126 to be bolted (in the example of the Fig. 1 These are fork-finger connection points). Depending on the length of the rod 14, there may be several brackets 21.

[0048] In the Fig. 2 shows a second bolt-pulling device 10 with associated counter-bearing element 22. These can be used with the grid piece of the Fig. 1. Serve to connect the upper connecting means and be arranged such that the longitudinal axes of the rods 14 or bolts 12 of both bolt-pulling devices 10 run coaxially. The structure is similar to that of the Fig. I is identical except for the rod 14, which is longer and therefore guided in two holders 21. Furthermore, the upper bolt-pulling device... Fig. 2. Inserting the bolt 12 in a positive axial direction (i.e. upwards).

[0049] As in the embodiment of rod 14 of the Fig. As can be seen in Figure 4, the rod can have two mechanical stops 51, 52. These can be designed as edges or shoulders of a section of the rod 14 with an increased diameter between the bolt 12 and the detent grooves 44. As in combination with Fig. As can be seen in Figure 1, a second mechanical stop 52 can serve to define a second or upper end position (“pulled”) of the bolt 12 by bumping against the bracket 21, while the opposite first stop 51 bumps against the connecting element 126 at the bottom and defines a first, lower end position (“bolted”) of the bolt 12.

[0050] To secure the bolt in its end positions, the bolt extraction device can include a locking mechanism 30 (see Fig. 1) For this purpose, the rod 14 can have a recess 31, 32 at two suitably chosen positions axially spaced apart from each other, into which a locking element 34 can be inserted. The locking element 34 can be designed as a locking bolt extending transversely to the longitudinal axis of the rod (see Figure 1). Fig. 1) The recesses 31, 32 can be designed as circumferential grooves or milled indentations on the rod 14. A first recess 31 is located closer to the bolt 12 (and in particular in the area of ​​the second mechanical stop 52) than a second recess 32 (which can be arranged in the area of ​​the detent grooves 44). The recesses 31, 32 can be formed between the bolt 12 and the detent grooves 44.

[0051] To unlock the rod 14 so that it can be moved in the axial direction, the locking bolt 34 is pulled and preferably placed in a parked position (not shown). The rod 14 can now be moved to the other end position. If this is done against the direction of gravity (in Fig. 1: upwards to pull bolt 12; in Fig. 2 upwards to insert the bolt 12), this is preferably possible without moving the locking bar 42 into its release position. If the movement is in the direction of gravity, the locking bar 42 must preferably be moved into the release position as described above. After reaching the other end position, the locking bolt 34 can be reinserted. The locking bolt 34 can be secured by means of a locking pin or cotter pin.

[0052] The counter bearing element 22 preferably has a plurality of receptacles to allow the rod 14 to be levered over an extended distance. Once the bolt 12 has traveled a certain distance, the lever element 24 can be pulled. The locking latch 42 holds the bolt 12 in its position. The lever element 24 can then be repositioned (i.e., inserted into a different receptacle of the counter bearing element 22), allowing the levering action to be repeated and the bolt 12 to travel a further distance. This process is repeated until the bolt 12 reaches its final position.

[0053] The Fig. Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the design already described in the Fig. 1-3 partially depicted lattice piece 100 in a top view, while the Fig. Figure 7 shows a side view along the longitudinal axis (i.e., along the corner posts). The grid section 100 is divisible longitudinally and comprises two grid section parts 111, 112 that can be detachably connected to one another via several connecting means 126. Each grid section part 111, 112 comprises two corner posts 114, which extend longitudinally along the grid section 100 and may have longitudinal connecting means in the form of fork-finger joints at their end faces, via which the grid section 100 can be bolted to other grid sections. The corner posts 114 may be connected to one another via a plurality of diagonal bars and vertical bars running perpendicular to the corner posts 114.

[0054] The lattice components 111, 112 each comprise several cross-connection structures 120, on which the connecting means 126 for the cross-connections are arranged. In the illustrated embodiment, the cross-connection structures 120 form prismatic truss structures with a triangular base. The cross-connection structures 120 each comprise two lower leg members 121, which are rigidly connected to the lower corner post 114, and two upper leg members 122, which are rigidly connected to the upper corner post 114. The lower leg members 121 of a cross-connection structure 120 extend at an acute angle to the lower corner post 114 and converge at a point facing away from the corner post 114. Similarly, the upper leg members 122 of a cross-connection structure 120 extend at the same acute angle to the upper corner post 114 and converge at a point facing away from the corner post 114.

[0055] As in the Fig. As can be seen in Figure 6, the connecting elements 126, which form the detachable cross connections of the grid section parts 111, 112, are arranged at the upper and lower tips of the prismatic cross connection structures 120 formed by the upper and lower leg bars 121, 122. The upper and lower tips of a cross connection structure 120 are connected to each other by posts 129 running perpendicular to the corner posts 114. As shown in the Fig. As can be seen from 1-3, the bolt pulling devices 10 and counter bearing elements 22 can be arranged on these posts 129, between the connecting means 126.

[0056] The grid components 111, 112 can additionally have retaining connecting elements 136 in the form of fork-finger connection points, which can be arranged at the ends of the corner posts 114 in the area of ​​the longitudinal connecting elements (see Fig. 6) In the transport position of the grid section 100, in which the transverse connections of the grid section parts 111, 112 are released and the grid section parts 111, 112 are offset longitudinally relative to each other and pushed into one another via the transverse connection structures 120 (reduced transport width), the connecting elements 126 can be bolted to the retaining connecting elements. Since the bolt pulling devices 10 are attached to the posts 129 of the transverse connection structures 120, they can also be used to pull / insert the bolts 12 of the retaining connections (bolting of connecting element 126 and retaining connecting element 136).

[0057] Of course, the grid piece 100 shown is only one possible example of a grid piece whose connections can be produced or separated using the system according to the invention.

[0058] The Fig. Figure 8 shows a side view of a possible embodiment of the working machine 1 according to the invention, which comprises a boom 4 with one or more lattice elements 10 according to the invention. In the working machine of the embodiment of the Fig. Figure 8 describes a crawler crane 1 with an undercarriage 2 with crawler tracks and a superstructure 3 rotatably mounted on the undercarriage 2 about a vertical pivot axis, to which the boom 4 is pivotally connected about a horizontal luffing axis. The boom 4 is the main boom and can carry a jib 5. The crawler crane 1 can have a derrick boom 6 and a derrick ballast 7. The system according to the invention could also be used to connect parts of the derrick boom or other crane components. Reference symbol list: 1 working machine 2 undercarriages 3 upper carriages 4 outriggers 5 top 6 derrick booms 7 Derrick ballast 10 bolt pulling device 11 Bevel 12 bolts 14 bars 20 bearing element 21 bracket 22 Counter bearing element 24 Lever element 30 locking mechanism 31 First Exclusion 32 Second Exclusion 34 Locking element 40 locking mechanism 42 locking bolts 43 Rastnase 44 Locking groove 46 Locking element 51 First mechanical stop 52 Second mechanical stop 100 grid pieces 111 First grid piece 112 Second grid piece 114 Corner stem 120 cross-connection structure 121 Lower thigh bars 122 Upper thigh bars 126 Fasteners 129 posts 136 Holding fasteners

Claims

[1] System for manually inserting / pulling bolts for connecting / separating components of a working machine (1), in particular a crane, comprising a bolt pulling device (10) which includes a displaceable bolt (12) and a rod (14) connected to or formed integrally with the bolt (12) with a bearing element (20) for manually moving the bolt (12), as well as a counter bearing element (22) arranged on one of the components, wherein the bearing element (20) and the counter bearing element (22) are designed as force introduction points for receiving a lever element (24) and are arranged such that by manually applying force to the lever element (24) received in the bearing and counter bearing element (20, 22) the rod (14) with the bolt (12) can be displaced and thereby the components can be connected / separated. [2] System according to claim 1, wherein the bolt pulling device (10) does not comprise an actuator for moving the bolt (12), but in particular exclusively mechanical components. [3] System according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the counter bearing element (22) comprises at least two receptacles for receiving the lever element (24), which are preferably arranged along the direction of movement of the bolt (12). [4] System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the bearing element (20) is arranged at an end of the rod (14) opposite the bolt (12) and preferably comprises an eyelet or a hook element. [5] System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the bolt-pulling device (10) comprises a locking mechanism (30) for locking the rod (14) in two different positions, wherein the locking mechanism (30) preferably comprises a locking element (34), in particular a locking bolt, which can be inserted into recesses (31, 32), in particular circumferential locking grooves, of the rod (14) in the two positions and thereby blocks an axial displacement of the rod (14). [6] System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the bolt-pulling device (10) comprises a locking mechanism (40) with a locking bar (42) movable between a locking position and a release position, wherein the rod (14) comprises several axially adjacent locking grooves (44) into which the locking bar (42) engages in its locking position, wherein the locking bar (42) is designed such that, in the locked-in state in a locking groove (44), it blocks movement of the rod (14) in a first axial direction, in particular a gravity-induced lowering of the rod (14), and preferably allows movement of the rod (14) in the opposite direction, wherein the locking bar (42) is further designed such that, in the release position, it allows movement of the rod (14) in both axial directions. [7] System according to the preceding claim, wherein the locking mechanism (40) comprises a locking element (46) which, in a locking position, blocks movement of the locking bar (42) from the locking position to the release position, wherein the locking element (46) is removable or movable into an opening position to allow movement of the locking bar (42) between the release and locking positions. [8] System according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one support (21) in which the rod (14) is guided between bolt (12) and bearing element (20), wherein the support (21) is preferably arranged on the same component as the counter bearing element (22). [9] System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rod (14) has a first mechanical stop (51), in particular designed as a circumferential projection, which in a first end position of the bolt (12) preferably abuts a connecting element of one of the components which can be bolted by means of the bolt (12) and blocks further movement of the rod (14), and / or wherein the rod (14) has a second mechanical stop (52), in particular designed as a circumferential projection, which in a second end position of the bolt (12) abuts a support (21) of the system which guides the rod (14) and blocks further movement of the rod (14). [10] System according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a first bolt pulling device (10) for connecting / separating first connecting means of the components and comprising a second bolt pulling device (10) for connecting / separating second connecting means of the components, wherein the first and second bolt pulling devices (10) are preferably arranged such that their bolts (12) are aligned coaxially with each other. [11] Bolt pulling device (10) for a system according to one of the preceding claims. [12] Component, in particular grid piece (100) or grid piece part (111, 112), with a counter bearing (22) and a bolt pulling device (10) of the system according to one of claims 1 to 11. [13] A longitudinally divisible grid section (100) for a grid cantilever (4), comprising two grid section parts (111, 112) that can be detachably connected to one another, wherein each of the grid section parts (111, 112) comprises two longitudinally extending corner posts (114) and at least two transverse connection structures (120) that are firmly connected to the corner posts (114), wherein the grid section parts (111, 112) can be detachably connected to one another via connecting means (126) arranged on the transverse connection structures (120), wherein at least on one of the grid section parts (111, 112) a counter bearing (22) and a bolt pulling device (10) of the system according to one of claims 1 to 11 are arranged, wherein connecting means (126) of the transverse connection structures (120) can be connected / separated by means of the system. [14] Lattice element (100) according to the preceding claim, wherein the cross-connection structures (120) are designed as prismatic truss structures with triangular cover surfaces and comprise upper and lower leg bars (121, 122) which are each firmly connected to one of the corner posts (114) and together with it form an upper and a lower triangular cover surface, wherein the upper and lower leg bars (121, 122) each converge at their ends facing away from the corner posts (114) in an upper and a lower point and the upper and lower points are connected to each other via a post (129), wherein a counter bearing (22) and a bolt-pulling device (10) of the system according to one of claims 1 to 11 is arranged on at least one post (129) of a cross-connection structure (120). [15] Working machine (1), in particular crane, comprising a chassis (2) with running gear, in particular crawler running gear, a superstructure (3) rotatably mounted on the chassis (2) about a vertical axis of rotation and a lattice boom (4) deflected on the superstructure, which comprises at least one lattice section (100) according to one of the two preceding claims.

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