Winding for a stator for an electrical machine with first and second conductor devices

Abstract

Winding for a stator for an electrical machine, in particular an electric motor or generator, comprising: at least or exactly two first conductor devices, namely strip conductor devices, for the inner (in particular innermost) arrangement in a stator slot, wherein the respective first conductor device has at least two elongated, rigid strip conductor elements (with contact devices for coupling in and coupling out electrical current), wherein (the strip conductor elements (1; 2) provide a current path and) the strip conductor elements (1; 2) form a layer arrangement with electrical insulation (4) located therebetween, wherein the strip conductor elements (1; 2) are stacked one above the other and exchange their positions with respect to the position in the stack at least once over their conductor length, in particular in the course of a full transposition section (VS), wherein the position exchange (preferably twist- and twist-free) is carried out by complementary, preferably realized by means of material forming executed step jumps (SP) of the strip conductor elements (1; 2); and at least or exactly two second, preferably solid, conductor devices, in particular strip conductor devices, for arrangement further outward in the stator slot, which are designed without (corresponding) step jumps.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a winding for a stator for an electrical machine as well as a stator, an electrical machine and a method for producing a stator.

[0002] It is known that so-called Röbel conductors are used in high-current applications in generators or powerful electric motors.

[0003] Röbel ladders or Röbel rods usually consist of several individual conductors which are arranged over the length of the ladder in the course of a full transposition length (for the term full transposition length, see in particular DE 10 2012 218 986 A1, Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, "V", and the associated description) swap places once (so that each individual conductor is back in its original position after the swap - only further along the length of the Röbel conductor). As a result, each partial conductor in a wound coil changes its position. This is particularly important with regard to minimizing AC losses and reducing coupling losses. A Röbel conductor typically comprises an extension of very many full transposition lengths and is capable of carrying high currents due to a large number of intertwined individual conductors.

[0004] When winding round coils, the permanent swapping of the positions of the individual conductors over the length of the conductor ensures that a conductor runs temporarily on the inside, i.e. with a smaller winding radius, and then again on the outside, i.e. with a larger winding radius.

[0005] DE 39 23 310 C1 shows an exemplary process for the production of Röbel bars.

[0006] Roebel bars are bars produced by twisting square profile wires. The profile wires can be joined in the Roebel tool in such a way that sections with untwisted, parallel profile wires and sections with twisted profile wires are continuously arranged next to one another, and the leading strand section in the untwisted area is periodically separated from the strand as a Roebel bar.

[0007] DE 197 54943 A1 discloses a double Röbel bar for the winding of an electrical machine. In this case, the conductors are arranged in four adjacent stacks. Two adjacent conductors are arranged side by side as a pair of conductors along the entire length of a conductor and are twisted together. For the desired twist, the conductors are bent both parallel and crossed to achieve optimal compensation of the transverse and radial fields of an operating electrical machine.

[0008] CH 15177 A discloses a device for producing interlaced flat conductors. The slots of the stator irons of an alternating current machine contain stacked bars of a coil made of several interlaced flat conductors. Free bar ends extend axially from the slot to the base of end connections.

[0009] WO 2022 / 029008 A1, which originates from the applicant, relates to a method for the additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional component with at least one electrical conductor, in particular with at least one conductor winding, preferably a coil, preferably a hairpin for an electrical machine, in particular an electric motor or generator. The electrical conductor is realized by layer-by-layer application of a building material and locally selective solidification of the building material by irradiation with a beam impinging on the building material such that the conductor comprises first regions and at least one second region, wherein the first regions are at least partially separated by the at least one second region in a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the conductor. The at least one second region has a lower conductivity than the first regions.The areas with different conductivity make it easy to create structures during additive manufacturing that positively influence the current flow, in particular reducing eddy current effects.

[0010] DE 10 2023 102 021 A1, which also originates from the application, generally mentions strip conductor elements that may have stepped steps. How these stepped steps are formed and how the strip conductor elements are specifically intended to be used are not further explained.

[0011] Overall, in the state of the art, high efficiency of the windings of machines equipped with known windings is only achieved with comparatively high manufacturing costs for the production of the windings.

[0012] It is an object of the invention to propose a winding which can be produced using comparatively simple means or can be arranged in a stator for an electrical machine, whereby a high level of efficiency can nevertheless be achieved during operation of the electrical machine.

[0013] Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to propose a corresponding stator and a corresponding method for producing a winding.

[0014] In particular, the winding should be designed for use in electrical machines powered by alternating current, in particular electric motors. The winding should be producible cost-effectively and with high production efficiency, and, in particular, with respect to the state of the art, should exhibit further improved electrical properties, in particular reduced losses due to the skin effect, and in particular contribute to achieving high fill factors.

[0015] The object of the invention is achieved in particular with the combination of features according to patent claim 1, wherein the subclaims represent at least expedient embodiments and further developments.

[0016] The winding's strip conductor device, which includes strip conductor elements, is based on the idea of ​​manufacturing the individual strip conductor elements separately and processing them using conventional processes, such as bulk forming or pressing, to ensure the aforementioned high productivity. The manufactured strip conductor elements can then be assembled into the strip conductor device, cut to length as required, and joined at the ends.

[0017] The object is achieved in particular by a winding for a stator for an electrical machine, in particular an electric motor or generator, comprising: - at least or exactly two first conductor devices, namely strip conductor devices, for inner (in particular innermost) arrangement in a stator slot, wherein the respective first conductor device has at least two elongated, rigid strip conductor elements (with contact devices for coupling in and out of electrical current), wherein (the strip conductor elements provide a current path and) the strip conductor elements form a layer arrangement with electrical insulation located therebetween, wherein the strip conductor elements are stacked one above the other and exchange their positions with respect to the position in the stack at least once over their conductor length, in particular over the course of a full transposition path, wherein the position exchange (preferably twist- and torsion-free) is realized by complementary step changes of the strip conductor elements, preferably carried out by means of material deformation; and - at least or exactly two second, preferably solid, conductor devices, in particular strip conductor devices, for arrangement further outwards in the stator slot, which are designed without (corresponding) step jumps.

[0018] A core idea of ​​the disclosure is that at least or exactly two first conductor devices and at least or exactly two second conductor devices are arranged in a respective stator slot, wherein only the first conductor devices are designed as strip conductor devices with step changes (as defined above). The second conductor devices are preferably solid conductor devices (preferably solid strip conductor devices). A solid conductor device is to be understood in particular as a conductor device in which no individual elements or sections are separated from one another by corresponding insulation, in particular insulating layers. For example, a stranded conductor (in which individual wires are insulated from one another) is not to be understood as a solid conductor device. Particularly preferably, no stranded conductors are arranged in the corresponding stator slot.

[0019] The (respective) conductor device may be a section of an overall conductor device, which may also be arranged in sections outside the corresponding stator slot and may be electrically and / or mechanically connected to other conductor devices. It would also be conceivable for a second conductor device to be connected to another conductor device (outside the stator slot) that structurally corresponds to a first conductor device. In particular, the first and second conductor devices should be sections of an overall conductor device that are arranged within the respective stator slot (or are intended to be arranged within the stator slot).

[0020] When it is stated above that a respective conductor device is designed for arrangement in a stator slot, this also includes the case where the winding is in its assembled state. In this respect, the winding can be fully formed before assembly on the stator or can be constructed or assembled by joining individual conductor devices on or in the stator.

[0021] It has surprisingly been found that with an inner arrangement of the first conductor devices and a more external arrangement of the second conductor devices, a high efficiency of the winding during operation of the corresponding electrical machine can be achieved with a comparatively small number of conductor devices (and correspondingly low manufacturing outlay). In particular, it has been shown that with exactly two first conductor devices and exactly two second conductor devices, high efficiency can be achieved in a particularly simple manner. With such a configuration, it was found that the associated electrical loss over a wide frequency range is even slightly below a loss of 8 separate (solid) conductor devices within a corresponding stator slot.Overall, ladder devices can be saved with the simplest measures, which drastically reduces the manufacturing costs.

[0022] An inner or more inward arrangement within the stator slot is understood in particular to mean that the respective conductor device is arranged relatively close to an inner side of the stator. The same applies to an outer or more outward arrangement (only vice versa). An inner arrangement is preferably—but not necessarily—understood to mean an innermost arrangement, in the sense that no further conductor devices are to be arranged further inward. An outer arrangement is preferably understood to mean an outermost arrangement (but not necessarily), such that no conductor device is arranged further outward.

[0023] The winding or its conductor devices are preferably designed to be used in alternating current-fed electrical machines, in particular electric motors.

[0024] The respective strip conductor device preferably has at least two elongated, rigid strip conductor elements with contact devices for coupling in and coupling out electrical current, wherein the strip conductor elements provide a current path.

[0025] The respective strip conductor elements preferably form a layer arrangement with electrical insulation in between.

[0026] In particular, separately manufactured strip conductor elements can be provided with a completely enveloping insulation and can subsequently be stacked on top of each other.

[0027] Preferably, at least two strip conductor elements are stacked one above the other. The strip conductor elements exchange their positions in the stack, i.e., top and bottom, preferably at least once over their conductor length, particularly during a full transposition section.

[0028] This position exchange is preferably realized without twisting or distortion by complementary step changes of the strip conductor elements carried out by material deformation.

[0029] Preferably, in particular in order to realize a compact structure, the cross-sectional surface shapes of the strip conductor elements vary in the area of ​​the step changes.

[0030] In the area of ​​the step changes, the cross-sectional area is preferably at least largely the same for varying cross-sectional area shapes. The desired constant cross-sectional area avoids or minimizes hot spots in the strip conductor device.

[0031] In addition, the geometric surface shape can be used to achieve frequency adaptation with regard to the aforementioned use in alternating current powered electrical machines, in particular motors.

[0032] In a further development of the invention, the cross-sectional area (at least one cross-section, possibly all cross-sections) in the region of the step changes or in the region of at least one step change (and / or in the region of at least one recess, in particular the wide-side recess of the strip conductor element) is adapted to the cross-sectional area of ​​the remaining sections of the strip conductor elements (in particular, at least at one cross-section of the step change, at least substantially equal to a cross-sectional area of ​​at least one remaining, possibly all remaining, sections of the strip conductor elements not located within a step change). Preferably, this involves a high degree of uniformity and constancy of the cross-sectional areas to be strived for.

[0033] The step jumps preferably each have complementary, strip conductor element width-side recesses, which further preferably interlock as a result of the joining of the stack (and in particular thus create the desired compact arrangement).

[0034] The stack arrangement of the strip conductor device preferably comprises at least two strip conductor elements each having at least one or at least two step jumps, wherein the respective ends of the strip conductor elements are electrically connected.

[0035] The stack arrangement is preferably adapted in terms of its dimensions in length and cross-section to the dimensions of slots in the stator or core of an electrical machine.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the strip conductor device is part of a rectangular coil or forms so-called hairpins of electrical machines.

[0037] In embodiments, the strip conductor device can be provided only in a subset of a number of individual pins (hair pins) of a coil and / or electrical machine (or in all pins). For example, the strip conductor device can be provided in at least 1%, preferably at least 8%, more preferably at least 25% and / or at most 90%, preferably at most 70%, more preferably at most 50% of the pins. This allows the advantages of the strip conductor device to be used in a targeted and metered manner. Preferably, pins further inside a respective stator are equipped with the strip conductor device, and pins further outside are not.

[0038] The strip conductor elements are preferably stacked closely and / or at least almost gap-free and / or densely and with a thin insulating layer in between.

[0039] The insulating layer can be introduced in a continuous process when joining the strip conductor elements to form the strip conductor device between opposite surface sides of the strip conductor elements.

[0040] This represents an alternative or supplement to the equally possible full-surface coating (forming an insulating layer) of the individual strip conductor elements before joining them to form the strip conductor device.

[0041] The thickness (d1) or (respectively) the layer thickness of the insulating layer is many times smaller than the thickness (d2) of the strip conductor elements (e.g.: d1 ≤ 0.5*d2 or d1 ≤ 0.1*d2 or d1 ≤ 0.05*d2 and / or d1 ≥ 0.001*d2 or d1 ≥ 0.005*d2). Due to the small potential differences between the strip conductor elements, the thickness or layer thickness of the insulating layer can be made extremely small, thus achieving the desired compact design of the strip conductor device with a correspondingly high fill factor for the intended application.

[0042] The strip conductor elements are, for example, made of a solid copper or copper alloy material and / or of a solid aluminum or aluminum alloy material and / or are manufactured using additive manufacturing technology.

[0043] The strip conductor elements can be produced by material forming. For example, solid-surface strip materials with a preferably rectangular cross-section can be deformed, preferably in such a way that one or more step changes are formed. Joining the strip conductor elements to obtain the strip conductor device can be carried out automatically.

[0044] Manufacturing of the respective strip conductor device, particularly if it forms or includes a hairpin geometry, can be carried out conventionally, in particular by bending and / or welding. In general, this can involve (simply) replacing hairpins with the present strip conductor device.

[0045] The strip conductor elements of the first strip conductor device are preferably arranged one above the other (in cross-section, in particular perpendicular to the longitudinal extent) (at least outside the respective step(s) and / or outside at least one recess, in particular the strip conductor element's broadside recess) and / or over at least 50% or at least 90% of their length) in (only) one row. In contrast to, for example, a Röbel rod, in which at least two rows are arranged next to each other, this allows space to be saved.

[0046] The strip conductor elements of the first strip conductor device are preferably arranged (in cross-section, in particular perpendicular to the longitudinal extent) (at least outside the respective step(s) and / or outside at least one recess, in particular the strip conductor element's broadside recess, and / or over at least 50% or at least 90% of their length) such that they are not adjacent to one another. In contrast to, for example, a Röbel bar, in which (in cross-section) at least two rows are always arranged adjacent to one another, this allows space to be saved.

[0047] The strip conductor elements of the first strip conductor device can run in the same direction (at least outside the respective step jump(s) and / or outside of at least one recess, in particular the strip conductor element wide-side recess, and / or over at least 50% or at least 90% or at least 95% of their length).

[0048] The respective center lines of the strip conductor elements of the first strip conductor device can be identical (at least outside the respective step or steps and / or outside of at least one recess, in particular strip conductor element wide-side recess, and / or over at least 50% or at least 90% or at least 95% of their length) in a vertical projection onto a bottom side of a lowest and / or a top side of a topmost layer (generally: outside of an outermost layer).

[0049] The respective first strip conductor device and / or the respective strip conductor can have at least or exactly two layers, or at least or exactly three layers, or at least or exactly four layers.

[0050] The respective first strip conductor device and / or the respective strip conductor can have at least one or exactly one, or at least two or exactly two, or at least four or exactly four, or more layer jumps (step jumps). At least or exactly two layer jumps (step jumps) can, in total, represent a transposition to the next but one layer (or, with a corresponding number of layer jumps / step jumps, the third closest or even further away).

[0051] A (single) layer jump or step jump can lead (immediately) from one layer to the next or even further layer

[0052] The respective first strip conductor device may have at least two or exactly two, or at least three or exactly three, or more strip conductors.

[0053] The (respective) step change (or layer change) is preferably provided in a respective active region of the strip conductor or the respective first strip conductor device. Generally, at least one or exactly one, or at least two or exactly two, or at least three or exactly three, or more transpositions (layer changes) can be present in the (respective) active region of a stator slot (per strip conductor device).

[0054] The (respective) step jump or the step jumps are preferably arranged in such a way that a (maximum) suppression or reduction of eddy current and / or loop current losses within an overall winding (overall copper winding) occurs.

[0055] Preferably, several step changes are arranged within the active area of ​​the stator or motor at constant intervals from one another.

[0056] The respective strip conductor device can be configured as a hairpin or as a replacement for (conventional) hairpins and / or within a profile wire winding, in particular to minimize eddy current losses within the winding.

[0057] The first and second strip conductor devices may be configured or used in addition to stranded wire. However, in embodiments, no stranded wire is provided within the stator slot. If a stranded wire or stranded conductor is provided, it may preferably be located even further inside than the corresponding first conductor devices.

[0058] For a number N of first conductor devices and a number M of second conductor devices (within the same stator slot), the following preferably applies: 0.5 ≤ N / M and / or N / M ≤ 2; preferably 0.75 ≤ N / M and / or N / M ≤ 1.5; more preferably N / M = 1 and / or N and / or M ≥ 2, more preferably N and / or M = 2 or 3 or 4, particularly preferably N and M = 2. Preferably, the respective second conductor devices do not have conductor elements that are insulated from one another. Alternatively or additionally, the respective second conductor devices are not formed by a stranded wire (or stranded wire).

[0059] The above-mentioned object is further achieved in particular by a stator comprising at least one winding, in particular a rectangular coil, as explained above.

[0060] Alternatively or additionally, the object is achieved by an electrical machine comprising at least one winding as explained above, in particular a rectangular coil.

[0061] Preferably, only first and second conductor devices (and no further conductor devices) are arranged in a respective stator slot of the stator.

[0062] The first conductor devices arranged in a respective stator slot can all be identical. Alternatively or additionally, the second conductor devices arranged in a respective stator slot are all identical to one another.

[0063] The above-mentioned object is further achieved in particular by a method for producing a stator, in particular as explained above, comprising a winding, in particular as explained above, for an electrical machine, in particular an electric motor or generator, wherein at least in one stator slot are arranged: - at least or exactly two first strip conductor devices, wherein the respective strip conductor device has at least two elongated, rigid strip conductor elements with contact devices (for coupling and decoupling electrical current), wherein (the strip conductor elements provide a current path and) the strip conductor elements form a layer arrangement with electrical insulation in between, wherein the strip conductor elements are stacked one above the other and exchange their positions with respect to the position in the stack at least once over their conductor length, in particular over the course of a full transposition path, wherein the position exchange (preferably twist- and torsion-free) is realized by complementary step changes of the strip conductor elements, preferably carried out by means of material deformation; and - at least or exactly two second, preferably solid, conductor devices, in particular strip conductor devices, which are designed without (corresponding) step jumps, wherein the second strip conductor devices are arranged further out than the first strip conductor devices.

[0064] The invention will be explained in more detail below using an embodiment and with the aid of figures.

[0065] Here we show: Fig. 1 a perspective view of a strip conductor device, joined by bringing together two strip conductor elements according to the invention, which are already provided with an enveloping insulation layer; Fig. 2 a side view similar to that of Fig. 1, but with embedding an insulating layer in the joining process of two strip conductor elements with step jumps to produce the strip conductor device; Fig. 3 is a schematic side view of an alternative embodiment of a stripline device; Fig. 4 shows an oblique view of a U-shaped strip conductor device (for forming a hairpin); Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view of a stator having first and second conductor devices according to an embodiment; Fig. 6 a representation analogous Fig. 5 according to another embodiment; Fig. 7 a representation analogous Fig. 5 according to a further embodiment; and Fig. 8 a diagram of electrical power loss as a function of frequency.

[0066] The strip conductor device according to the figures consists of two strip conductor elements 1; 2 which are stacked one above the other.

[0067] The strip conductor elements 1; 2 exchange their positions in relation to their position in the stack over their conductor length during a full transposition section VS (cf. Fig. 2, where VS is indicated schematically here and ends at the beginning of the position jump, which then completes the full transposition).

[0068] In the example shown, the strip conductor element 1 is located in the left-hand section after Fig. 1 above and changes its position downwards via a step jump SP.

[0069] The opposite is true for the strip conductor element (strip conductor section) 2, which changes its position from below via the step SP upwards according to the figurative representation according to Fig. 1 changes.

[0070] From the figurative representation it can be seen that the position exchange of the strip conductor elements is realized without twisting or distortion by complementary step changes SP of the strip conductor elements, for example, carried out by means of material forming.

[0071] In the area of ​​the step jumps SP, the cross-sectional shape of the strip conductor elements 1; 2 varies.

[0072] By shaping the area of ​​the step jumps SP, it is possible to keep the cross-sectional area at least largely constant despite varying cross-sectional area shapes, so that current-related hotspots can be avoided.

[0073] Preferably, a cross-sectional area of ​​at least one cross-section (if applicable, all cross-sections) in the region of a (respective) step change corresponds to at least 0.6 times, preferably at least 0.9 times and / or at most 1.5 times, preferably at most 1.1 times the cross-sectional area of ​​at least one cross-section (if applicable, all cross-sections) of the respective strip conductor outside the step change.

[0074] Preferably, a (minimum) width of a respective strip conductor in the region of a (respective) step change is smaller than a width of the corresponding strip conductor outside the step change, preferably by at least 10% or at least 30% smaller and / or by at most 80% smaller.

[0075] Preferably, a (maximum) thickness (height) of a respective strip conductor in the region of a (respective) step change is greater than a thickness of the corresponding strip conductor outside the step change, preferably by at least 10% or at least 50% greater and / or by at most 200% greater.

[0076] It is within the meaning of the invention that the cross-sectional area in the region of the step jumps SP is at least substantially adapted to the cross-sectional area of ​​the remaining sections of the strip conductor elements 1; 2 and, if possible, is designed to be identical.

[0077] The step jumps SP each have complementary, strip conductor element width-side recesses 3, which are the result of joining the gap (see Fig. 1) interlock.

[0078] As a result of joining the strip conductor elements 1; 2, preferably with a mechanical device, the following results from a consideration of the Fig. 1 from right to left a strip conductor device with two strip conductor elements 1; 2, which are closely stacked, gap-free and densely, so that a compact arrangement is created.

[0079] In particular, when uninsulated strip conductor elements 1; 2 are used, a thin insulating layer 4 is introduced between the strip conductor elements 1; 2 during the process of stacking the strip conductor elements 1; 2 (see Fig. 2).

[0080] This insulating layer 4 can already be pre-shaped with regard to the contour in the area of ​​the step jumps SP or can also consist of a material which takes on the shape of the strip conductor elements 1; 2 in the area of ​​the step jumps when they are brought together and joined.

[0081] The strip conductor elements 1; 2 can be made of solid copper or copper alloy material, which is advantageous for more effective and cost-effective production. Through known, preferably used, material forming processes, solid-surface strip materials with a preferably rectangular cross-section can be deformed in such a way that the relevant step changes SP are formed and the joining of the strip conductor elements 1; 2 to obtain the strip conductor device can be carried out in a simple, automated manner.

[0082] A key advantage of the presented strip conductor device is a reduction in the area exposed to a transverse slot field when used in electrical machines due to the nonlinear conductor structure with step changes. Furthermore, current displacement is minimized. By simply adapting the conductor geometry, it is possible to respond to a varying frequency spectrum during operation of electrical machines. Any increased current density in the step change area can be reduced through geometric adaptation and optimization.

[0083] If one compares the copper losses as a function of the conductor geometry based on known twisted conductor structures with copper losses of the strip conductor device according to the invention, then the frequency-dependent increase in losses when using a strip conductor device with a stacked arrangement of strip conductor elements and step jump, in particular at higher frequencies between 500 and 1500, possibly between 600 and 1000 Hertz, is significantly reduced.

[0084] In Fig. Figure 3 shows a schematic side view of an alternative embodiment of a strip conductor device. The strip conductor device comprises strip conductor elements 11; 12; 13, which form three layers and may have multiple step changes (for example, from a lowest or first layer shown in the figure to a middle or second layer and from there to a highest or third layer).

[0085] Fig. Figure 4 shows a U-shaped strip conductor device (to form a hairpin). Here, it can be seen that only one transposition (layer jump) is provided in the respective active region A of the strip conductor. Generally, at least one or exactly one, or at least two or exactly two, or at least three or exactly three, or more transpositions (layer jumps) can be present in the (respective) active region of a stator slot (per strip conductor device).

[0086] In Fig. Figure 5 is a schematic sectional view of a stator 14 with two first conductor devices (strip conductor devices) 21a, 21b and two further conductor devices (strip conductor devices) 22a, 22b. The (further inwardly located) first strip conductor devices have the step changes explained above, the second strip conductor devices 22a, 22b do not.

[0087] In the deviating embodiment according to Fig. 6, four first (inner) strip conductor devices are formed in a corresponding stator slot, and two second strip conductor devices (which are located further outward and are formed without corresponding step changes) are formed. In the present case, specifically, two-thirds of the strip conductor devices are formed with step changes.

[0088] In a further different embodiment according to Fig. 7, only the inner (or innermost) two strip conductor devices are designed as first strip conductor devices (with corresponding step changes), and the outer (four) strip conductor devices are designed as second strip conductor devices (without corresponding step changes). Thus, only one-third of the strip conductor devices are designed with at least one step change.

[0089] Fig.Figure 8 shows a graph of electrical power loss as a function of frequency for three cases. The blue curve shows a stator with four solid conductor devices arranged in the respective stator slots. The red curve corresponds to a stator with eight solid conductor devices arranged in the respective stator slot. The yellow curve corresponds to a stator with second (outer) solid conductor devices arranged in the respective stator slot and two first conductor devices (with corresponding step intervals).

[0090] As can be seen from the diagram, according to the yellow curve, a result can be achieved with significantly fewer conductor devices that is extremely close to the case where eight (solid) conductor devices are arranged in each stator slot. In a frequency range from 400-500 hertz, the arrangement according to the yellow curve is even superior. In any case, the arrangement according to the yellow curve is clearly superior to the arrangement according to the blue curve, so that efficiency could be significantly increased here (despite using the same number of conductor devices).

[0091] Comparing the manufacturing of the arrangement shown in the red curve with the manufacturing of the arrangement shown in the yellow curve, it can be seen that (when using hairpin conductors) half as many hairpin conductors are required, only half as many welds are performed, and only half as many phase connections are required. Even though the manufacture of a single first strip conductor device is slightly more complex than the manufacture of a solid (second) strip conductor device, the overall effort required to manufacture the stator or corresponding electrical machine is significantly reduced (with practically the same performance).

[0092] At this point, it should be noted that all parts described above, viewed individually and in any combination, particularly the details shown in the drawings, are claimed as essential to the invention. Modifications to these are familiar to those skilled in the art.

[0093] It should also be noted that the aim is to achieve the broadest possible scope of protection. In this respect, the disclosure contained in the claims can also be made more precise by features that are described with further features (even without these further features necessarily being included). It is explicitly pointed out that parentheses and the term "in particular" are intended to emphasize the optionality of features in the respective context (which does not mean, conversely, that without such identification a feature is to be regarded as mandatory in the corresponding context). The term "element / elements" should preferably characterize a coherent structure, which in turn can be connected to at least one other structure (to form a possibly one-piece and / or inherently immobile overall structure) or can be delimited from all other structures. List of reference symbols 1, 2 strip conductor elements 11; 12; 13 strip conductor elements 14 Stator 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26 Strip conductor device QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] DE 10 2012 218 986 A1

[0003] DE 39 23 310 C1

[0005] WO 2022 / 029008 A1

[0009] DE 10 2023 102 021 A1

[0010]

Claims

[1] Winding for a stator for an electrical machine, in particular an electric motor or generator, comprising: - at least or exactly two first conductor devices, namely strip conductor devices, for the inner (in particular innermost) arrangement in a stator slot, wherein the respective first conductor device has at least two elongated, rigid strip conductor elements (with contact devices for coupling and decoupling electrical current), wherein (the strip conductor elements (1; 2) provide a current path and) the strip conductor elements (1; 2) form a layer arrangement with electrical insulation (4) located therebetween, wherein the strip conductor elements (1; 2) are stacked one above the other and exchange their positions with respect to the position in the stack at least once over their conductor length, in particular over the course of a full transposition section (VS), wherein the position exchange (preferably twist- and torsion-free) is realized by complementary step changes (SP) of the strip conductor elements (1; 2), preferably implemented by means of material deformation; and - at least or exactly two second, preferably solid, conductor devices, in particular strip conductor devices, for arrangement further outward in the stator slot, which are designed without (corresponding) step jumps. [2] Winding according to claim 1, characterized by that in the region of the step jumps (SP) the cross-sectional area shape of the first strip conductor elements (1; 2) varies and / or in the region of the step jumps (SP) the cross-sectional area content of the first strip conductor elements (1; 2) is at least substantially constant. [3] Winding according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the cross-sectional area of the first strip conductor elements (1; 2) in the region of the step changes (SP) is adapted to the cross-sectional area of the remaining sections of the strip conductor elements (1; 2), in particular at least at one cross section in the region of the respective step change at least substantially equal to a cross-sectional area of at least one remaining, possibly all remaining, sections of the strip conductor elements not located in the region of the step change. [4] Winding according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the step jumps (SP) each have complementary, strip conductor element width-side recesses (3) which interlock (as a result of joining the stack). [5] Winding according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat it comprises a stack arrangement of at least two strip conductor elements (1; 2) each having at least one or at least two step jumps (SP), the respective ends of the strip conductor elements (1, 2) being electrically connected. [6] Winding according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the winding forms a rectangular coil and / or is formed by hairpins. [7] Winding according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the strip conductor elements (1; 2) are stacked in a closely spaced, gap-free, dense manner and with a thin insulating layer (4) arranged therebetween, forming a compact arrangement, wherein the thickness or layer thickness of the insulating layer (4) is preferably many times smaller than the thickness of the strip conductor elements (1; 2). [8] Winding according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the strip conductor elements (1; 2) consist of a solid copper or copper alloy material and / or are manufactured by means of additive technology. [9] Winding according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that for a number N of the first conductor devices and a number M of the second conductor devices, the following applies: 0.5 ≤ N / M and / or N / M ≤ 2; preferably 0.75 ≤ N / M and / or N / M ≤ 1.5; further preferably N / M = 1 and / or N and / or M ≥ 2, more preferably N and / or M = 2 or 3 or 4, particularly preferably N and M = 2. [10] Winding according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the respective second conductor device does not have conductor elements that are insulated from one another and / or is not formed by a stranded wire. [11] Stator and / or electrical machine, comprising at least one winding, in particular rectangular coil, according to one of the preceding claims. [12] Stator according to the immediately preceding claim, characterized by that only first and second conductor devices are arranged in a respective stator slot. [13] Method for producing a stator, in particular according to one of the two immediately preceding claims, comprising a winding, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for an electrical machine, in particular an electric motor or generator, wherein in at least one stator slot are arranged: - at least or exactly two first strip conductor devices, wherein the respective strip conductor device has at least two elongated, rigid strip conductor elements with contact devices (for coupling and decoupling electrical current), wherein (the strip conductor elements (1; 2) provide a current path and) the strip conductor elements (1; 2) form a layer arrangement with electrical insulation (4) located therebetween, wherein the strip conductor elements (1; 2) are stacked one above the other and exchange their positions with respect to the position in the stack at least once over their conductor length, in particular over the course of a full transposition section (VS), wherein the position exchange (preferably twist- and torsion-free) is realized by complementary step changes (SP) of the strip conductor elements (1; 2), preferably carried out by means of material deformation; and - at least or exactly two second, preferably solid, conductor devices, in particular strip conductor devices, which are designed without (corresponding) step jumps, wherein the second strip conductor devices are arranged further outwards than the first strip conductor devices.

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