Transport device for museum objects, manufacturing process and use

Abstract

A transport device (1;10) for museum objects is proposed, comprising - a first frame structure (R1) which has a first vertical section (V1) and a first horizontal section (H1), - a second frame structure (R2) which has a second vertical section (V2) and a second horizontal section (H2), wherein the first vertical section (V1) and the second vertical section (V2) each extend along a vertical direction (z) of the transport device (1;10), wherein the first horizontal section (H1) and the second horizontal section (H2) each extend along a horizontal direction (x,y) of the transport device (1;10), wherein the second vertical section (V2) is connected to the first vertical section (V1) via at least one first wire rope spring (DF1), wherein the second horizontal section (H2) is connected to the first horizontal section (H1) via at least one further wire rope spring (DFW). Furthermore, a manufacturing process for the transport device (1;10) and a use for the transport device (1;10) for transporting a museum object are proposed.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a transport device for museum objects, a manufacturing method for the transport device and a use of the transport device for transporting a museum object.

[0002] Transporting a museum object over shorter and / or longer distances requires the best possible shielding against harmful external influences. This applies particularly to vibrations that could damage or destroy the museum object. Such vibrations can be caused, for example, by uneven ground, impacts, accidents, vibrations during carrying by human porters, or other forces and accelerations during transport.

[0003] For example, transport devices based on the "box-in-box" principle are known in the prior art, whereby a second box, which can hold the museum object, is held in a first box by springs. Such transport devices have several significant disadvantages.

[0004] In particular, the crates used for this purpose exhibit structural vibrations with low natural frequencies, especially in the low double-digit Hertz range (e.g., in the range of 18 to 25 Hz). Such natural frequencies can be caused by typical damaging external vibrations during transport—for example, uneven ground, impacts, accidents, or vibrations during carrying—and lead to large vibration amplitudes (resonances) that can damage or destroy the museum object. Such large vibration amplitudes in damaging, low frequency ranges (like the one mentioned) occur particularly when the second crate is coupled to the first crate by springs. Since the crates used for this purpose each have low natural frequencies—especially in the range mentioned—the entire resulting spring-crate system also exhibits low natural frequencies.Furthermore, the boxes exhibit double or closely spaced resonant frequencies in low frequency ranges—particularly those mentioned—resulting in unfavorable, because excessively low, resonant frequencies for the entire spring-box system. The resulting vibration responses of the spring-box system to the typical damaging vibrations encountered during transport then lie in these harmful, low frequency ranges, such as the one mentioned, and, due to resonance effects, also exhibit high amplitudes that are particularly detrimental to the museum object. Transport devices based on the "box-in-box" principle act similarly to an (unsuitable) low-pass filter that only engages at excessively high frequencies. Consequently, harmful, lower frequency ranges are not sufficiently isolated, and strong vibration excitations of the museum object in these frequency ranges are either not damped or not sufficiently damped.

[0005] Particularly with transport devices based on the "box-within-a-box" principle, the disadvantage remains that the museum object is either inaccessible or inaccessible from multiple or all sides during transport. Checking the museum object, and especially its secure positioning, is therefore either impossible or severely limited. Furthermore, inspecting the springs for damage, such as breakage, is either impossible or only partially possible. Similarly, inspecting the boxes themselves for cracks or signs of excessive stress is either impossible or severely limited.

[0006] Another disadvantage is the typically high weight of the crates and the resulting increased transport costs. Transport over longer distances is generally charged by weight. A further disadvantage is that, in particular, coil springs, spiral springs, and numerous other types of springs can fail under overload during transport, potentially breaking or sustaining permanent deformation. This can pose an immediate danger to the museum object being transported, as harmful vibrations can reach and damage the object almost unfiltered at the affected point.

[0007] Further disadvantages include low durability and longevity, resulting in limited sustainability. Boxes, especially those made of wood, wear out over time, warp, or break, particularly at the points where the springs are attached.

[0008] EP 4 086 188 A1 discloses a system comprising: an outer box; and an inner box, wherein the inner box is suspended within the outer box by one or more vibration isolators, the inner box comprising a fastening system suitable for facilitating the fastening of one or more objects within the inner box.

[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide a transport device for museum objects that overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, the object of the present invention is to propose a transport device that exhibits a natural vibration behavior favorable for the protection of museum objects, allows good accessibility to the museum object being transported, is lightweight, and can prevent hazards to the museum object, especially those caused by spring failure. Furthermore, excessive displacement and / or tipping of museum objects during transport should be avoided. In addition, the transport device should be durable, long-lasting, and sustainable.

[0010] The problem is solved according to the invention by a transport device according to claim 1, a manufacturing method for the transport device according to claim 14 and a use of the transport device for transporting a museum object according to claim 15.

[0011] According to a fundamental concept of the present invention, a transport device for museum objects is proposed in which two frames or frame structures can be arranged one above the other and / or within one another and can be spaced apart from each other by wire rope springs. Connections between a first frame / frame structure and a second frame / frame structure can exist exclusively by means of the wire rope springs. The first frame / frame structure can be arranged at least partially below the second frame / frame structure and / or at least partially around the second frame / frame structure. The second frame / frame structure can be held by the wire rope springs through the first frame / frame structure.

[0012] Wire rope springs can be connected with their connection areas or terminal blocks. - on at least one vertical section (in this case the wire rope springs can be arranged along a horizontal line) and - on at least one horizontal section (in this case the wire rope springs can be arranged along a vertical line) each of the first frame / frame structure and the second frame / frame structure must be arranged.

[0013] By arranging the wire rope springs on at least one vertical section and at least one horizontal section of each of the first frame / frame structure and the second frame / frame structure, or, in other words, by arranging the wire rope springs in two spatial directions between the first frame structure and the second frame structure or between the first frame and the second frame, it is advantageously possible to prevent tilting and / or significant, unfavorable displacement or sagging of the second frame structure or the second frame relative to the first frame structure or the first frame. The other problems mentioned are also solved.

[0014] The at least one vertical section can be arranged and / or aligned along a vertical (relative to a coordinate system of the transport device, whereby the transport device is considered to be standing upright on the ground) and / or along a vertically arranged plane (i.e., a plane which may be spanned by a vertical direction or, in other words, spanned by a vertical direction).

[0015] The at least one horizontal section can be arranged and / or aligned along a horizontal (relative to a coordinate system of the transport device, whereby the transport device is considered to be standing upright on the ground) and / or along a horizontally arranged plane (i.e., a plane that may be spanned parallel to a ground plane or may be spanned by two horizontal directions or, in other words, may be spanned by a width direction and a depth direction).

[0016] The second frame / frame structure can be designed to accommodate the museum object and / or be designed in such a way that the museum object can be attached to it and / or lie on it and / or stand and / or lean against it.

[0017] In particular, a transport device for museum objects is proposed, comprising - a first frame structure that has a first vertical section and a first horizontal section, - a second frame structure that has a second vertical section and a second horizontal section, wherein the first vertical section and the second vertical section each extend along a vertical direction of the transport device, wherein the first horizontal section and the second horizontal section each extend along a horizontal direction of the transport device, wherein the second vertical section is connected to the first vertical section via at least one first wire rope spring, wherein the second horizontal section is connected to the first horizontal section via at least one further wire rope spring.

[0018] "At least one" is synonymous with "one or more." The terms "partly," "partially," or "at least partially" are each synonymous with "partially or entirely." Features are sometimes described in the singular below. Such a description may alternatively or additionally include a corresponding disclosure for several such features, if any, and vice versa.

[0019] The terms "vertical" and "horizontal" (alone or as part of a word) can refer to a coordinate system of the transport device in a state where the device is ready for use on the ground. This coordinate system may coincide with an environmental coordinate system. "Vertical" can generally denote an orientation along a vertical direction. "Horizontal" can generally denote an orientation along a horizontal or a horizontal direction.

[0020] "Along" can mean that an alignment is exactly in a specified direction or plane. "Along" can also mean that an alignment does not have to be exactly in the specified direction or plane, but that deviations of, for example, a maximum of 5°, 8°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, or 35° are possible.

[0021] The transport device can generally be designed as a cart and / or a portable device. The first vertical section and the second vertical section can each extend along a vertical plane (a vertical plane can be defined as a plane containing a vertical vector). The first horizontal section and the second horizontal section can each extend along a horizontal plane (a horizontal plane can be defined as a plane parallel to a flat surface). The transport device can be considered in a state where it is standing on the ground, as designed.

[0022] The first vertical section, together with the first horizontal section, can form the first frame structure such that, viewed in cross-section, it resembles the letter "L", where the horizontal branch of the letter "L" corresponds to the first horizontal section and the vertical branch of the letter "L" corresponds to the first vertical section. The second vertical section, together with the second horizontal section, can form the second frame structure such that, viewed in cross-section, it also resembles the letter "L", where the horizontal branch of the letter "L" corresponds to the second horizontal section and the vertical branch of the letter "L" corresponds to the second vertical section. The first and second horizontal sections do not need to be precisely aligned in the horizontal direction (refer to the explanation of the word "along").The first and second vertical sections do not need to be aligned exactly vertically (refer to the explanation of the word "along"). The first and second frame structures can then be arranged in a cross-section like two interlocking "L"s, with both horizontal and both vertical branches parallel to each other. In this configuration, called the "L-configuration," the second frame structure can be designed so that museum objects can stand on the second horizontal section and lean against the second vertical section.

[0023] The transport device can be designed such that two L-configurations are arranged opposite to each other in a cross-section, with their vertical branches positioned centrally. The two second vertical sections can then be connected to two first vertical sections. Alternatively, a single first vertical section can be provided, to which the two second vertical sections can be connected on both sides. Two first horizontal sections and two second horizontal sections can be provided, each extending outwards in a cross-section. This configuration is called a "double-L configuration," although this can refer in particular to a combination of a mirror-image "L" and an "L" where both vertical branches are close together and both horizontal branches are at the same height. Another configuration is possible, for example...by combining two L-configurations, with both horizontal branches positioned on the outside. Another configuration is possible, for example, by combining two L-configurations, with both L-configurations arranged one behind the other, in front of each other, or side by side.

[0024] The transport device, particularly if configured as an L-configuration, a double-L-configuration, or any other configuration incorporating an L-configuration, can be a cart. This means, for example, that wheels may be provided on the first horizontal section(s), which may be directly or indirectly connected to the first horizontal section(s). Generally, the transport device may have an underside designed to allow it to stand on the ground. If the transport device is configured as a cart, wheels may be provided on the underside, which may be directly or indirectly connected to it. The underside may be the underside of the first horizontal section(s). The transport device may be designed to stand on the ground and / or roll on the ground.

[0025] In the L-configuration, the second frame structure can be the same size as the first frame structure, or smaller in height, width (preferred), and / or length (preferred). Alternatively, the second frame structure can be larger in height, width, and / or length than the first frame structure.

[0026] The transport device can also be designed, for example, such that the first frame structure and the second frame structure are each configured as cuboids, with the second frame structure being arranged within the first. This configuration is called the "cuboid configuration." The second frame structure can then be smaller in height, width, and / or length than the first frame structure. Preferably, the second frame structure is smaller in height, width, and length than the first frame structure so that the first frame structure can surround the second frame structure in all spatial directions. For example, four first vertical sections and four second vertical sections (each corresponding to the four sides of an upright cuboid) can be provided. Furthermore, for example, two first horizontal sections and two second horizontal sections (each corresponding to a top and a bottom of the upright cuboid) can be provided.Further modifications of the transport device are possible.

[0027] Museum objects can include, for example, paintings, altarpieces, statues, other works of art or art objects, artifacts, or even technical equipment, especially historical technical or scientific equipment, or technical or scientific objects, samples, or specimens. This list is not exhaustive. In general terms, museum objects can be understood as all possible objects that are or can be exhibited in museums. The application of the transport device for paintings, polychrome sculptures, and statues is preferred.

[0028] The first frame structure and the second frame structure can be structures that have frame elements in edge sections and / or end sections and / or transition sections. The first frame structure and the second frame structure can be frameworks. Frame elements can be, for example, beams, such as I-beams or U-beams, or beams with a box cross-section, or beams with a more complex cross-section (e.g., rectangular, square, or triangular profiles with retaining grooves / grooves on at least one or all sides of the rectangular, square, or triangular cross-section, e.g., profiles from MayTec Aluminium Systemtechnik GmbH, or system profiles).

[0029] The first frame structure and the second frame structure can be structures that have no or only a few (for example, at most one, two, or three) load-bearing diaphragms (i.e., diaphragms subjected to shear or tension) and no or only a few (for example, at most one, two, or three) load-bearing plates (i.e., diaphragms subjected to bending) between the frame elements. A plate or a plurality of plates can be provided as a support surface and / or as a standing surface and / or as a leaning surface for museum objects. In particular, the second frame structure can have such a plate or a plurality of such plates. The first frame structure and the second frame structure can be structures in which load-bearing plates and / or load-bearing diaphragms are used in at most 50% or at most 30% of all openings between individual frame elements.Non-load-bearing (or only minimally load-bearing) panes or non-load-bearing (or only minimally load-bearing) plates may be provided in any quantity. Panes or plates that provide only minimal load-bearing capacity and serve another purpose (e.g., thermal insulation) may be provided in any quantity.

[0030] The first frame structure and / or the second frame structure may have connecting elements designed to support a slab or a plate, the plate serving in particular as a support surface and / or as a standing surface for museum objects. Slabs and / or plates can be understood as planar structures with two large dimensions and one small dimension, the smaller of the two large dimensions being at least ten times the size of the small dimension.

[0031] As long as, generally speaking, planar structures have no or only an insignificant load-bearing function (e.g., when used for thermal insulation, as a privacy screen, or as moisture protection), they can be provided in any quantity between the frame elements.

[0032] The first frame structure and the second frame structure can be at least partially lightweight structures and / or structures with high rigidity. Stringers and / or frames and / or ribs and / or reinforcements and / or stiffeners may be incorporated.

[0033] The first frame structure can be physically and geometrically designed to support and / or hold the second frame structure. Additionally, it can be designed to distance the second frame structure from the ground on which the first frame structure is located, stands, and / or can move, by means of at least one first wire rope spring and / or at least one further wire rope spring. When the transport device is considered in a ground-level position, the second frame structure can be located at least partially above the first frame structure. Reference is made elsewhere to examples of geometric designs of the first frame structure (for example, it can resemble the letter "L", or two letters "L" mirrored on their long branches, or it can resemble or correspond to a cuboid).Connections between the first frame structure and the second frame structure can, in particular and preferably, consist exclusively of the at least one wire rope spring and the at least one further wire rope spring.

[0034] The second frame structure can be physically and geometrically designed to be supported and / or held by the first frame structure. Examples of geometric designs for the second frame structure are provided elsewhere (for example, it may resemble the letter "L", or two mirrored "L"s on a long branch, or it may resemble or correspond to a cuboid). Furthermore, the second frame structure can be designed to accommodate, support, hold, and / or stabilize museum objects and / or fix them in position. The second frame structure may have or be connected to connecting devices that can be used to hold museum objects. Connecting devices may include, for example, hook-and-loop fasteners, hook-and-loop fasteners (e.g., for roof racks), screw connections, tension straps (if applicable).with Velcro fasteners), press connections, clamp connections or flight case connections or, generally, detachable connections, in particular detachable connections that can couple museum objects to the second frame structure without damage.

[0035] The second frame structure can be physically and geometrically designed in such a way that museum objects (in this case, paintings in particular) can be leaned against it. Specifically, the second vertical section can be designed as a leaning structure so that museum objects can be leaned against it. The second horizontal section can be designed as a supporting structure so that museum objects leaning against the second vertical section can be supported by it or stand on it.

[0036] The second vertical section can run at least partially along a line parallel to and / or a plane parallel to the first vertical section. The second horizontal section can run at least partially along a line parallel to and / or a plane parallel to the first horizontal section.

[0037] In a simple embodiment, the first and second vertical sections can be rectangular frames, or in an even simpler embodiment, beams. The first and second vertical sections can have reinforcements (for example, diagonal beams running between the corners of rectangular frames). The first and second vertical sections can have further longitudinal and / or transverse reinforcements. The first and second vertical sections can have more complex geometries. For example, the first and / or second vertical sections can be designed as systems of vertical frame elements that, as parts of the transport device, each form vertical sections or sides of a cuboid.

[0038] In a simple embodiment, the first and second horizontal sections can be rectangular frames, or, in an even simpler embodiment, beams. Both the first and second horizontal sections can have reinforcements (for example, diagonal beams running between the corners of rectangular frames). They can also have further longitudinal and / or transverse reinforcements. Finally, they can have more complex geometries. For example, they can be designed as systems of horizontal frame elements that, as parts of the transport device, each form horizontal sections or sides of a cuboid (in particular, top and bottom areas).

[0039] The vertical direction can, in particular, be an upward direction of the transport device. The first vertical section and the second vertical section can each extend along a vertical plane. The vertical plane can be a plane in which the vertical direction lies. The first horizontal section and the second horizontal section can each extend along a horizontal plane of the transport device. The horizontal plane can be a plane in which the horizontal direction lies.

[0040] The at least one first wire rope spring and the at least one further wire rope spring can, in particular and preferably, be polycal wire rope springs (known by the English name: "polycal wire rope isolator"). Polycal wire rope springs can, in particular, have two connection blocks around which a plurality of wire ropes are arranged, connecting the two connection blocks to each other. The connection blocks can have connection elements (e.g., holes, threaded bores, set screws, and / or bolts) configured to connect them to the first frame structure and the second frame structure. The wire ropes can each have a preload (e.g., a bending stress and / or a torsional stress). Less preferably, the at least one first wire rope spring and the at least one further wire rope spring can be helical wire rope springs (known by the English name: "helical wire rope isolator").Polycale wire rope springs are preferred because they have a higher stiffness in the shear direction (e.g., approximately 50% of the compression stiffness) than helical wire rope springs (which, for example, only have a shear stiffness of approximately 33.33% of the compression stiffness).

[0041] Preferably, the transport device comprises a plurality of first wire rope springs and a plurality of further wire rope springs. The at least one first wire rope spring can be arranged between a frame element of the first vertical section and a frame element of the second vertical section and / or connect these sections to each other, in particular exclusively. The at least one first wire rope spring can be aligned along the horizontal direction. This can mean, for example, that a first connection block and a second connection block of the at least one first wire rope spring are aligned along the horizontal direction in the installed state. The at least one further wire rope spring can be arranged between a frame element of the first horizontal section and a frame element of the second horizontal section and / or connect these sections to each other, in particular exclusively.The at least one additional wire rope spring can be aligned along the vertical direction. This can mean, for example, that a first terminal block and a second terminal block of the at least one additional wire rope spring are aligned along the vertical direction when installed.

[0042] Due to the design of the frame structures, the transport device according to the invention—especially when they are particularly rigid and / or designed according to lightweight construction principles—exhibits high stiffness values ​​with frame elements or as frame structures and, particularly with regard to the first and second frame structures, comparatively high natural frequencies, thus achieving a natural vibration behavior favorable for the protection of museum objects. In practical tests, reductions in accelerations with impact amplitudes from 8 g (acting on the first frame structure) to 0.5 g (acting on the second frame structure and a transported museum object) were achieved in the particularly relevant excitation frequency ranges, especially between approximately 15 and 35 Hz, but also up to approximately 300 Hz.Wire rope springs are very well suited for this application due to their nonlinear, particularly progressive, stiffness behavior under tensile stress and their similarly nonlinear, particularly degressive, stiffness behavior under compressive stress, in combination with the frame structures. Wire rope springs exhibit particularly positive damping characteristics due to dry friction.

[0043] The transport device according to the invention advantageously acts as a strong, efficient low-pass filter with regard to vibration isolation of museum objects. This filter operates at significantly lower frequencies and is considerably more effective overall than transport devices based on the "box-in-box" principle, as has also been confirmed by practical tests. In particular, vibration isolation in the especially relevant range of approximately 15 to 35 Hz is greatly reduced compared to transport devices based on the "box-in-box" principle. Furthermore, in this range, museum objects, especially paintings, do not yet exhibit self-isolation, which would further intensify the detrimental effects of vibration excitation in this range. Therefore, the transport device according to the invention is particularly effective in protecting museum objects, especially paintings.Vibration isolation in the equally relevant range of approximately 35 to 300 Hz is also reduced more than with transport devices based on the "box-in-box" principle.

[0044] The vibration isolation of the transport device according to the invention is particularly beneficial for the protection of museum objects when tuning frequencies are in the range of approximately 4 to 6 Hz (the first frame structure has wheels) or 7 to a maximum of 12 Hz (the first frame structure does not have wheels). These frequencies are so low that, in principle, no excitation or damage to museum objects occurs, and—in contrast to transport devices based on the "box-in-box" principle—allow for very effective vibration decoupling of museum objects from harmful excitations, especially in the particularly relevant range of approximately 15 to 35 Hz and in ranges beyond. Transport devices based on the "box-in-box" principle, where the boxes have natural frequencies, e.g.,in the range of 18 to 25 Hz or in a similar range, such vibration decoupling of museum objects, especially in the particularly relevant range of approximately 15 to 35 Hz, is not permitted.

[0045] Furthermore, excessive deflections (e.g., caused by tension in wire ropes) are effectively prevented. The frame structures are also lighter (which significantly reduces transport costs) and offer better accessibility than plate-like and / or box-like structures (i.e., structures with plates subjected to bending and / or discs subjected to tension or shear). Disassembly is also improved compared to plate-like structures, as the frame structures can be partially or completely disassembled very easily with damage-free connections. Frame elements can be partially or completely connected to each other with detachable connections. Additionally, the wire rope springs have the advantage that no spring failure occurs under overload conditions. Therefore, the risk of damage to museum objects during transport due to spring failure is reduced.The combination of initial wire rope springs (which can be arranged horizontally) and further wire rope springs (which can be arranged vertically) also reduces the risk of sideways tipping within the transport device. This further increases the transport safety of museum objects.

[0046] By arranging the first wire rope springs on the first vertical section and the second vertical section, and the further wire rope springs on the first horizontal section and the second horizontal section, or, in other words, by arranging wire rope springs in two spatial directions between the first frame structure and the second frame structure, it is advantageously possible to avoid tipping and / or significant, unfavorable displacement or sagging of the second frame structure relative to the first frame structure.

[0047] Furthermore, the construction of the first and second frame structures from frame elements represents a durable, long-lasting, and sustainable building method. This is especially true when the frame elements are metal profiles, particularly aluminum profiles or profiles made of an alloy containing aluminum. Due to the high potential stiffness of the frame elements, wear, deformation, or material breakage are practically eliminated.

[0048] In an advantageous embodiment of the transport device according to the invention, the at least one first wire rope spring and / or the at least one further wire rope spring is a polycale wire rope spring.

[0049] Reference is made to the described advantages of polycal wire rope springs (especially higher shear stiffness). Furthermore, in typical configurations, polycal wire rope springs offer lower compressive stiffness than helical wire rope springs. This facilitates the subsequent installation of additional wire rope springs into the transport device by human users, for example, when transporting a particularly heavy object that would completely compress an existing, insufficient number of initial or subsequent wire rope springs.

[0050] In an advantageous embodiment of the transport device according to the invention, the first frame structure and / or the second frame structure each have natural frequencies that are exclusively above 40 Hz.

[0051] Such stiffness values ​​can be determined experimentally, for example, through vibration excitation tests and amplitude measurements. Particularly stiff frame elements can be, for example, frame elements and / or beams with a particularly large cross-section and / or made of materials with a particularly high modulus of elasticity and / or shear modulus. Connections between frame elements can be designed to be particularly large and robust. Numerous experimental investigations have shown that typical harmful external vibration influences during transport processes usually operate in ranges below 40 Hz, especially in the particularly relevant range between approximately 15 and 35 Hz. If there are no natural frequencies of the first frame structure and / or the second frame structure within this range, the transport safety of museum objects is increased.

[0052] In an advantageous embodiment of the transport device according to the invention, the first frame structure and / or the second frame structure comprise metal profiles, in particular aluminum profiles or profiles made of an alloy containing aluminum, as frame elements.

[0053] Metal profiles have proven particularly efficient in achieving high stiffness values. The associated advantages (especially high natural frequencies, particularly above 40 Hz, stable construction, and lightweight design) can be achieved particularly easily and cost-effectively using metal profiles. Aluminum profiles and / or profiles made of aluminum alloys offer a particularly good compromise between high stiffness and low weight. In practice, rectangular, square, or triangular profiles with retaining grooves / grooves on at least one or all sides of the rectangular, square, or triangular cross-section have proven effective. Profiles from MayTec Aluminium Systemtechnik GmbH, for example, have proven successful in practice.

[0054] The presented design also represents a particularly durable, long-lasting, and sustainable construction method. Due to the high potential stiffness of the frame elements, wear, deformation, or material breakage are practically eliminated.

[0055] In an advantageous embodiment of the transport device according to the invention, flexible absorption elements, in particular in the form of pads, are arranged on the first frame structure and / or on the second frame structure and / or on the at least one first wire rope spring and / or on the at least one further wire rope spring, which are designed to absorb shocks between the first frame structure and the second frame structure at least partially.

[0056] Impact absorption can, in particular, mean that the kinetic energy of impacts is converted into deformation energy of the flexible absorption elements. These flexible absorption elements can be made of an elastomer, for example. Specifically, they can be made of a material with a modulus of elasticity of less than 5 GPa. The flexible absorption elements can be in the form of pads, or in other words, surfaces. The thickness of the flexible absorption elements can range, for example, from 0.5 to 10 cm. Their width and depth can range, for example, from 0.2 to 20 cm. Larger dimensions are possible. The flexible absorption elements can be located on the first frame structure and / or the second frame structure, particularly in areas where the first and second frame structures could come into contact in the event of strong impacts.These areas can be, for example, corner areas and / or edge areas. The flexible absorption elements can be provided on the first or subsequent wire rope springs, either as an alternative or in addition to the first. If one of the first or subsequent wire rope springs is overloaded, the connection blocks of the affected wire rope spring may come into contact. The flexible absorption elements can therefore be provided, in particular, on opposing surfaces of the connection blocks of the affected wire rope spring.

[0057] The proposed design offers additional protection for museum objects in the event of strong impacts.

[0058] In an advantageous embodiment of the transport device according to the invention, the flexible absorption elements consist at least partially of natural rubber. In practical tests, natural rubber has proven to be particularly suitable for effectively protecting museum objects in the event of strong impacts. Natural rubber is a highly branched elastomer with a high viscosity. This results in a strong shock-absorbing effect. Such a shock-absorbing effect can be determined in advance using experimentally derived hysteresis curves. Natural rubber has proven to be particularly advantageous in such investigations.

[0059] Natural rubber is also non-toxic and does not emit gases. This is very important with regard to museum objects, as it prevents the objects from reacting chemically with outgassing. Such chemical reactions cannot be ruled out when using other elastomers.

[0060] In an advantageous embodiment of the transport device according to the invention, the second vertical section is inclined at a maximum angle of 15° relative to a vertical direction.

[0061] An inclination of the second vertical section of up to 15° allows museum objects to be securely leaned against it without the risk of slippage. This is particularly relevant for paintings. A tilt of up to 10° is preferred, and a tilt of 2-5° is especially desirable. The proposed design facilitates short transports of museum objects in a simple, safe, and quick manner, as no elaborate fixing of the objects is necessary.

[0062] In an advantageous embodiment of the transport device according to the invention, the transport device, particularly for short distances, is designed as a cart with at least one wheel, wherein the at least one wheel is provided on the first frame structure. The at least one wheel can be provided directly or indirectly on the first frame structure. The at least one wheel can be mounted on a part, for example an axle carrier or a joint, which is attached to and / or connected with the first frame structure.

[0063] The transport device can have one or two wheels, allowing it to be used, for example, like a wheelbarrow. It can then have additional support legs, similar to a wheelbarrow. The transport device can have three wheels or, preferably, four wheels. Preferably, three, four, or more than four wheels are arranged such that the transport device can stand upright and be pushed upright without tipping over. The three, four, or more than four wheels can be connected to form a two-dimensional surface.

[0064] The at least one wheel can be larger than 8 cm, in particular to avoid impacts from floor edges or getting stuck on floor edges; preferably larger than 10 cm and especially preferably larger than 12 cm. The design of the transport device as a cart enables particularly simple, quick, and safe short-distance transport of museum objects.

[0065] Also disclosed is a transport device according to the invention, particularly for long-distance transport, e.g., outside a museum, for example, in a truck or an aircraft, with at least one skid provided on the first frame structure. The at least one skid (preferably two, three, four, or even more skids) can be provided directly or indirectly on the first frame structure. The at least one skid can be mounted on a part, for example, a bracket, that is attached to and / or connected with the first frame structure.

[0066] In an advantageous embodiment of the transport device according to the invention, at least one wheel does not have a gas-filled tire.

[0067] The at least one wheel can be designed in such a way that no gas-filled chambers are provided in the tire. The at least one wheel can have a tire that is not designed to be filled with gas. The wheel or tire can be designed in particular as a ring (with a rim) or as a disc (without a rim) without gas-filled and without gas-tight chambers. It can have an elastomer as the rotating, load-bearing material. It can be a solid rubber wheel. Practical tests have shown that the use of gas-filled tires has a negative impact on the vibration behavior of the transport device, such that the absorption of low-frequency vibration excitations is worse compared to tires without gas. This applies in particular to the especially relevant range between approximately 15 and 35 Hz.

[0068] In an advantageous embodiment of the transport device according to the invention, the first frame structure projects beyond the second frame structure at a front and / or at a rear and / or at least one transverse side of the transport device.

[0069] The first frame structure can extend beyond the second frame structure, particularly in its horizontal dimension. Additionally, the first frame structure can be larger than the second frame structure in its horizontal dimension. The advantage is that impacts, for example from objects obstructing the transport device, are absorbed directly only by the first frame structure, and the transmission of impact stimuli to the second frame structure occurs solely via wire rope springs, which dampen the impact stimuli and thus protect the transported museum objects.

[0070] In an advantageous embodiment of the transport device according to the invention, the second frame structure surrounds a cavity and the first frame structure surrounds the second frame structure.

[0071] In particular, the second frame structure can be fully integrated within the cavity. In other words, the first frame structure can completely surround the second frame structure. The first frame structure can surround the second frame structure so completely that there is a gap between the second and first frame structures on all sides. This ensures a free vibration volume (the first and second frame structures will not touch even during large impacts, e.g., when driving over curbs).

[0072] The expression "that the first frame structure surrounds the second frame structure" can in particular mean that the first frame structure and optionally also the second frame structure are each designed in the shape of a cuboid (or according to another 3D shape) and that the second frame structure is arranged in a cuboid (or in the other 3D shape) which is defined by the inner contours of the frame elements of the first frame structure.

[0073] The expression “that the second frame structure surrounds a cavity” can in particular mean that the second frame structure is designed in a cuboid shape (or according to another 3D shape) and surrounds a cuboid cavity (or one corresponding to the other 3D shape) on all sides, so that the inner contours of the frame elements of the second frame structure correspond to the edge regions of the cuboid cavity (or the cavity corresponding to the other 3D shape).

[0074] In the described configuration, the transport device is particularly well-suited for longer transport distances. Furthermore, the transport device can be transported in any position (for example, lying on its side). Transport safety is ensured in all positions because a gap can exist on all sides between the second and first frame structures.

[0075] In an advantageous embodiment of the transport device according to the invention, thermally insulating plates are arranged between frame elements of the first frame structure and / or the second frame structure.

[0076] The thermally insulating panels can maintain a temperature and / or temperature range around a museum object being transported. The thermally insulating panels can be attached to the frame elements, particularly using detachable connections. In the presented design, transport safety and the protection of the museum object are further enhanced.

[0077] Furthermore, a manufacturing process for a transport device according to the invention is proposed, comprising: - Providing an initial frame structure that includes an initial vertical section and an initial horizontal section, - Providing a second frame structure that has a second vertical section and a second horizontal section, - Connecting the second vertical section to the first vertical section via at least one first wire rope spring, - Connecting the second horizontal section to the first horizontal section via at least one additional wire rope spring, wherein the first vertical section and the second vertical section each extend along a vertical direction of the transport device, wherein the first horizontal section and the second horizontal section each extend along a horizontal direction of the transport device.

[0078] The method can relate to the manufacture of a transport device according to the invention, which can be supplemented or assembled with further parts or components to form an embodiment of the transport device according to the invention. Any transport devices according to the invention that are structurally described can be manufactured using the method. Features of the embodiments or process features described above can be the subject of the method according to the invention. With regard to the method according to the invention, full reference is made to the embodiments of the transport device according to the invention, and vice versa.

[0079] Furthermore, it is proposed to use a transport device according to the invention for transporting a museum object.

[0080] With regard to the use according to the invention, full reference is made to the embodiments of the transport device and the method according to the invention, and vice versa.

[0081] The invention is described below with reference to exemplary embodiments. The figures shown are: Fig. 1: schematically a transport device according to the invention in L-configuration, Fig. 2: Schematically, a transport device according to the invention in cuboid configuration.

[0082] Identical reference symbols used in different figures signify identical or essentially the same characteristics, even if not every figure refers again to all the characteristics shown with reference symbols.

[0083] Fig. Figure 1 shows a transport device 1 according to the invention in an L-configuration. A first frame structure R1 is provided which, viewed in cross-section, has a shape similar to the letter “L”.

[0084] The first frame structure R1 has a first horizontal section H1 and a first vertical section V1. The first horizontal section H1 and the first vertical section V1 are constructed from frame elements RE. The frame elements RE are aluminum system profiles. They are connected to each other by detachable connections (for example, screw connections and / or plug connections and / or clamp connections, not shown). A second frame structure R2 is planned, which, viewed in cross-section, also has a shape similar to the letter "L".

[0085] The second frame structure R2 has a second horizontal section H2 and a second vertical section V2. The second horizontal section H2 and the second vertical section V2 are constructed from frame elements RE. The frame elements RE are also aluminum system profiles. They are connected to each other by detachable connections (for example, screw connections and / or plug connections and / or clamp connections, not shown).

[0086] The second horizontal section H2 (and correspondingly also the first horizontal section H1) is angled at 5° with respect to a longitudinal direction x, which runs parallel to a ground plane B on which the transport device 1 can stand. The longitudinal direction x and the lateral direction y are horizontal directions of the transport device 1. The second horizontal section H2 extends along both the longitudinal direction x and the lateral direction y.

[0087] Museum objects – especially paintings – can be supported on the second horizontal section H2 when leaning against the second vertical section V2. The second vertical section V2 (and correspondingly the first vertical section V1) is also angled at 5° relative to a vertical direction z, thus simplifying and ensuring the safe leaning of museum objects. The longitudinal direction x, the horizontal direction y, and the vertical direction z are represented in a coordinate system K. The coordinate system K can be oriented to and / or relative to the transport device 1 and / or fixed. The vertical direction z can also be a vertical direction of the surroundings. The coordinate system K can additionally be a coordinate system of the surroundings, particularly when the transport device 1 is considered in a stationary state. The vertical direction z is a vertical direction of the transport device 1.

[0088] Between the first vertical section V1 and the second vertical section V2, first wire rope springs DF1 are provided, each having two connection blocks, one of which is attached to the first vertical section V1 and another to the second vertical section V2 with detachable connections (for example, using connection elements, which may be screw connections or plug connections or parts of screw connections or plug connections).

[0089] Between the first horizontal section H1 and the second horizontal section H2, further wire rope springs DFW are provided, each of which also has two connection blocks, one of which is attached to the first horizontal section H1 and another to the second horizontal section H2 with detachable connections (see notes above).

[0090] The connection blocks are equipped with flexible absorption elements (AE) which, in the event of overloads of the first wire rope springs (DF1) and / or the other wire rope springs (DFW), for example during impacts, can absorb forces between the first frame structure (R1) and the second frame structure (R2). The flexible absorption elements (AE) provide additional protection against harmful vibrations affecting museum objects during transport.

[0091] The first frame structure R1 is provided with four wheels R. These are solid rubber wheels with a diameter of at least 8 cm, preferably more than 10 or more than 12 cm. The wheels R are each rotatable about their vertical axis, similar to a shopping cart.

[0092] The second frame structure R2 is smaller in all three dimensions than the first frame structure R1. This provides additional impact resistance, which is particularly important when the transport device 1 is struck during transport, for example, against walls and / or objects in its path. Such impacts are then absorbed directly only by the first frame structure R1. The first wire rope springs DF1 and the subsequent wire rope springs DFW can absorb such impacts and thus protect the museum objects being transported.

[0093] Handholds (not shown) may be provided on the transport device 1, in particular on the first frame structure R1.

[0094] The first frame structure R1 supports and holds the second frame structure R2 and is connected to it exclusively via the first wire rope springs DF1 and the subsequent wire rope springs DFW. Both the first frame structure R1 and the second frame structure R2 are rigid and constructed according to lightweight principles. They may incorporate additional reinforcements (not shown), for example, in the form of additional frame elements. Advantageously, the natural frequencies of both the first frame structure R1 and the second frame structure R2 are all above 40 Hz.

[0095] An additional plate for supporting museum objects being transported may be located on the second horizontal section H2. Apart from this, the transport device 1 has no discs subjected to tension or shear, and no plates subjected to bending.

[0096] Additional wire rope springs DF1 or further wire rope springs DFW can be mounted on the HV holding devices as needed (for example, when transporting a heavier museum object). The HV holding devices can be or have connection elements for detachable connections (e.g., screw connections, plug connections, click connections and / or clamp connections).

[0097] Fig. Figure 2 shows a transport device 10 according to the invention in a cuboid configuration.

[0098] The design includes a first frame structure R1, which has a cuboid shape. This first frame structure R1 comprises several first horizontal sections H1 (the base and top of the cuboid) and several first vertical sections V1 (the four sides of the cuboid). The first horizontal section H1 and the first vertical section V1 are constructed from frame elements RE. The frame elements RE are aluminum system profiles. They are connected to each other by detachable connections (for example, screw connections and / or plug connections and / or clamp connections, not shown).

[0099] A second frame structure, R2, is planned, which also has a cuboid shape. It is entirely enclosed within the first frame structure, R1. The second frame structure, R2, has several second horizontal sections, H2 (the base and top of the cuboid), and several second vertical sections, V2 (the four sides of the cuboid). The second horizontal section, H2, and the second vertical section, V2, are also constructed from frame elements, RE. The frame elements RE are aluminum system profiles. They are connected to each other by detachable connections (for example, screw connections, plug connections, and / or clamp connections, not shown).

[0100] The first horizontal sections H1 and the second horizontal sections H2 each extend along the longitudinal direction x and the latitude direction y. The first vertical sections V1 and the second vertical sections V2 each extend along the vertical direction z. The longitudinal direction x, the latitude direction y, and the vertical direction z are represented in the coordinate system K. The coordinate system K can be oriented to and / or fixed on the transport device 10. The vertical direction z can also be a vertical direction of the surroundings. The coordinate system K can additionally be a coordinate system of the surroundings, particularly when the transport device 10 is considered in a stationary state.

[0101] Between the first vertical sections V1 and the second vertical sections V2, first wire rope springs DF1 are provided, each having two connection blocks, one of which is attached to one of the first vertical sections V1 and another to one of the second vertical sections V2 with detachable connections (for example, using connection elements, which may be screw connections or plug connections or parts of screw connections or plug connections).

[0102] Between the first horizontal sections H1 and the second horizontal sections H2, additional wire rope springs DFW are provided, each also featuring two connection blocks. One of these blocks is attached to one of the first horizontal sections H1 and the other to one of the second horizontal sections H2 via detachable connections (see notes above). Flexible absorption elements AE are located on the connection blocks. These elements can absorb forces between the first frame structure R1 and the second frame structure R2 in the event of overloads of the first wire rope springs DF1 and / or the additional wire rope springs DFW, for example, during impacts. The flexible absorption elements AE provide additional protection against harmful vibrations affecting museum objects during transport.

[0103] The second frame structure R2 is smaller in all three dimensions than the first frame structure R1. This provides additional impact resistance, which is particularly important in the event of impacts to the transport device 10 during transport – for example, when the transport device 10 is undergoing long-distance transport on board a cargo ship or an aircraft. The first wire rope springs DF1 and the subsequent wire rope springs DFW can absorb such impacts and thus protect the museum objects being transported.

[0104] Handholds (not shown) may be provided on the transport device 10, in particular on the first frame structure R1.

[0105] The first frame structure R1 supports and holds the second frame structure R2 and is connected to it exclusively via the first wire rope springs DF1 and the subsequent wire rope springs DFW. Both the first frame structure R1 and the second frame structure R2 are rigid and constructed according to lightweight principles. They may incorporate additional reinforcements (not shown), for example, in the form of additional frame elements. Advantageously, the natural frequencies of both the first frame structure R1 and the second frame structure R2 are all above 40 Hz.

[0106] An additional plate for supporting museum objects being transported may be located on the second horizontal section H2 on the underside (bottom). Apart from this, the transport device 10 has no discs subjected to tension or compression, nor any plates subjected to bending. Support elements for moving the transport device 10 using a forklift, crane, or other lifting or moving devices may also be provided.

[0107] Additional wire rope springs DF1 or further wire rope springs DFW can be mounted on the HV holding devices as needed (for example, when transporting a particularly heavy museum object). The HV holding devices can be or have connection elements for detachable connections (e.g., screw connections, plug connections, click connections and / or clamp connections). Reference symbol list 1 Transport device 10 Transport device AE absorption elements B Ground level DF1 first wire rope spring DFW additional wire rope spring H1 first horizontal section H2 second horizontal section HV holding device K coordinate system R wheel R1 first frame structure R2 second frame structure RE frame element V1 first vertical section V2 second vertical section x Longitudinal direction, horizontal direction y Latitude direction, horizontal direction z upward direction, vertical direction

Claims

[1] Transport device (1;10) for museum objects, comprising - a first frame structure (R1) which has a first vertical section (V1) and a first horizontal section (H1), - a second frame structure (R2) which has a second vertical section (V2) and a second horizontal section (H2), wherein the first vertical section (V1) and the second vertical section (V2) each extend along a vertical direction (z) of the transport device (1;10), wherein the first horizontal section (H1) and the second horizontal section (H2) each extend along a horizontal direction (x,y) of the transport device (1;10), wherein the second vertical section (V2) is connected to the first vertical section (V1) via at least one first wire rope spring (DF1), wherein the second horizontal section (H2) is connected to the first horizontal section (H1) via at least one further wire rope spring (DFW). [2] Transport device (1;10) according to claim 1, characterized by , that the at least one first wire rope spring (DF1) and / or the at least one further wire rope spring (DFW) is a polycale wire rope spring. [3] Transport device (1;10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the first frame structure (R1) and / or the second frame structure (R2) each have natural frequencies that are exclusively above 40 Hz. [4] Transport device (1;10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the first frame structure (R1) and / or the second frame structure (R2) has / have metal profiles, in particular aluminium profiles or profiles made of an alloy containing aluminium, as frame elements (RE). [5] Transport device (1;10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that flexible absorption elements (AE), in particular in the form of pads, are arranged on the first frame structure (R1) and / or on the second frame structure (R2) and / or on the at least one first wire rope spring (DF1) and / or on the at least one further wire rope spring (DFW), which are designed to absorb at least part of the shocks between the first frame structure (R1) and the second frame structure (R2). [6] Transport device (1;10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the second vertical section (V2) is inclined by a maximum of 15° relative to a vertical direction (z). [7] Transport device (1;10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the transport device (1;10) is designed as a carriage with at least one wheel (R), wherein the at least one wheel (R) is provided on the first frame structure (R1). [8] Transport device (1;10) according to claim 7, characterized by , that at least one wheel (R) does not have a gas-filled tire. [9] Transport device (1;10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the first frame structure (R1) extends beyond the second frame structure (R2) on a front and / or a rear and / or at least one transverse side of the transport device (1;10). [10] Transport device (1;10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the second frame structure (R2) surrounds a cavity and the first frame structure (R1) surrounds the second frame structure (R2). [11] Transport device (1;10) according to claim 10, characterized by , that thermally insulating plates are arranged between frame elements (RE) of the first frame structure (R1) and / or the second frame structure (R2). [12] Manufacturing method for a transport device (1;10) according to any one of claims 1-11, comprising: - Providing a first frame structure (R1) that has a first vertical section (V1) and a first horizontal section (H1), - Providing a second frame structure (R2) that has a second vertical section (V2) and a second horizontal section (H2), - Connecting the second vertical section (V2) to the first vertical section (V1) via at least one first wire rope spring (DF1), - Connecting the second horizontal section (H2) to the first horizontal section (H1) via at least one further wire rope spring (DFW), wherein the first vertical section (V1) and the second vertical section (V2) each extend along a vertical direction (z) of the transport device (1;10), wherein the first horizontal section (H1) and the second horizontal section (H2) each extend along a horizontal direction (x,y) of the transport device (1;10). [13] Use of a transport device (1;10) according to one of claims 1-11 for transporting a museum object.

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