Ablative fire protection material, composition and manufacturing process thereof, and uses

Abstract

To create a fire protection material with improved cooling properties, easier handling and processing, and more cost-effective production, magnesium phosphate hydrate, such as magnesium phosphate octahydrate, is used as an ablative fire protection material (20) or in an ablative fire protection material (20) for fire protection purposes according to the invention. In one embodiment, a composition for forming an ablative fire protection material (20) containing 55 wt% to 80 wt% magnesium phosphate hydrate (12), 20 wt.% to 40 wt.% carrier material (10), and 1 wt.% to 20 wt.% of a crust-forming material (14). in an extruder (16) to form a flexible strand of ablative fire protection material (20), in particular to form a flexible sheet (22).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a composition for forming an ablative fire-resistant material for fire protection purposes. The invention further relates to an ablative fire-resistant material for fire protection purposes. The invention further relates to a fire protection element comprising such an ablative fire-resistant material. The invention further relates to methods for producing an ablative fire-resistant material for fire protection purposes, as well as to a fire protection element containing such an ablative fire-resistant material. Finally, the invention relates to various uses for fire protection purposes, in particular for cooling building components or the like in the event of a fire.

[0002] The invention lies in the field of fire protection materials for preventive fire protection, e.g., in vehicle construction, railway vehicle construction, shipbuilding, or civil engineering. Fire protection measures for preventive fire protection, such as fire doors, fire-resistant glazing, and other fire-resistant closures / separation measures for forming fire compartments in buildings or fire protection measures in vehicles, as well as fire protection measures for safes, electrical cabinets, and the like, consist, among other things, of reactive fire protection materials. Some of these fire protection materials have cooling properties in the event of a fire, in particular by releasing water when a predetermined temperature is exceeded.

[0003] The invention relates in particular to ablative fire-retardant materials. Ablative fire-retardant materials are used in a variety of ways in preventive fire protection. The mode of action of ablative fire-retardant materials is based on energy-consuming, so-called endothermic chemical and physical reactions (melting, evaporation, sublimation) that take place at higher temperatures. This cools the surroundings or the substrate. In the event of a fire, water vapor and other non-combustible vapors and gases released displace oxygen in the immediate vicinity of the coating. Additionally, substances called radical initiators are formed that inhibit the chemical reactions necessary for flame formation. Finally, a non-combustible, sintered framework remains, which also provides a certain degree of thermal insulation.

[0004] WO 2024 / 102464 A1 relates to a flame-retardant composition containing at least one solid phosphate salt and at least one acid-soluble silicate material. The solid phosphate salt has a desired melting point, enabling it to melt at elevated temperatures, such as in a fire, and react in situ with the acid-soluble silicate material using exothermic energy to form a ceramic flame-retardant material that creates a thermal insulation barrier. The flame-retardant composition may also contain at least one polymer material that burns or melts in the presence of the elevated temperature to facilitate the melting of the solid phosphate salt. The flame-retardant composition may be provided in the form of a plastic article, such as a film, a lacquer formula, or an intumescent coating.The flame-retardant composition can be produced by melting or mixing under high shear at a temperature below the melting point of the solid phosphate salt.

[0005] DE 10 2012 111 865 A1 relates to a fire protection device, particularly for vehicles. To provide a simple, cost-effective, and effective way to delay or even completely prevent a fire-induced temperature rise in a space to be protected, such as a vehicle cabin, a fire protection device for the fire protection of a space is proposed, comprising a planar substrate whose surface facing the space has an abrasive material layer and whose surface facing away from the space has an intumescent layer.

[0006] EP 3 904 069 A1 concerns thermoplastic flame-retardant composites, methods for producing thermoplastic flame-retardant composites, and their use. A thermoplastic flame-retardant composite may contain a first reinforced laminate arranged on the outer surface of a porous thermoplastic core material and a flame-retardant film arranged on the outer surface of the first reinforced laminate. The flame-retardant composite meets the European standards for flame-retardant materials for buses and rail vehicles.

[0007] WO 2023 / 147 012 A1 concerns fire-resistant materials comprising an endothermic hydrate, an intumescent material, a heat-resistant fiber, and an elastomeric polymer. In various embodiments, the endothermic hydrate comprises aluminum trihydrate, the intumescent material comprises expandable graphite, and the heat-resistant fiber comprises poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide). The elastomeric polymer can be a polyorganosiloxane, such as a phenyl-substituted polydimethylsiloxane. Structures incorporating such fire-resistant materials are also described, e.g., separators and other battery housing structures, for example, for use with high-density lithium batteries.

[0008] Many ablative fire protection materials currently available on the market mostly contain aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide.

[0009] Furthermore, there is a flexible ablative fire protection material on the market (comparative material 2).

[0010] Furthermore, intumescent fire protection materials are also available on the market in the event of a fire, such as a flexible intumescent fire protection material (comparison material 3).

[0011] Intumescent fire protection materials like comparison material 3 are also called intumescent coating materials. They increase in volume upon reaching an activation temperature, but have no or only a very slight cooling effect and are therefore not ablative fire protection materials.

[0012] The invention aims to create an improved ablative fire protection material with regard to manufacturing costs, processability and cooling effect.

[0013] To solve this problem, the invention provides a composition according to claim 1 and an ablative fire protection material according to the dependent claim. Fire protection elements formed therefrom, manufacturing methods, and uses are the subject of the further dependent claims.

[0014] Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0015] According to a first aspect, the invention provides a composition for forming an ablative fire protection material for fire protection purposes, comprising 55 wt.% to 80 wt.% magnesium phosphate hydrate, 20 wt.% to 40 wt.% carrier material, and 1 wt.% to 20 wt.% of a crust-forming material.

[0016] According to a second aspect, the invention creates an ablative fire protection material for fire protection purposes, containing 55 wt% to 80 wt% magnesium phosphate hydrate, 20 wt.% to 40 wt.% carrier material, and 1 wt.% to 20 wt.% of a crust-forming material.

[0017] According to the invention, the support material – or in other words, matrix material – in the first and second aspects is a material from the group comprising ethylene-vinyl acetate, polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, and polypropylene. Ethylene-vinyl acetate is particularly preferred as the support material.

[0018] The ablative effect can be achieved with magnesium phosphate hydrate in varying water contents. In some embodiments, the magnesium phosphate hydrate is or contains magnesium phosphate octahydrate.

[0019] A crust-forming agent is a substance that forms a crust in the event of a fire. The crust-forming agent ensures, in particular, that the ablative fire-retardant material forms a hard, sufficiently strong layer (crust) in the event of a fire. In some embodiments, layered silicate is used as the crust-forming material. Specifically, the layered silicate is or contains organoclay.

[0020] The ablative fire protection material is, in particular, an extruded material obtained by extrusion from the composition according to one of the preceding embodiments. In other embodiments, the ablative fire protection material is obtained by means other than extrusion, e.g., by doctor blade technology or in multi-component systems such as two-component systems.

[0021] A particular advantage is that the activation temperature of the ablative fire protection material according to embodiments of the invention is relatively low compared to aluminum hydroxide-based ablative fire protection materials, for example, only slightly above 100°C, and yet it is cost-effective to produce. Compared to silicate-based fire protection materials (e.g., comparison material 1), the ablative fire protection material according to embodiments of the invention is significantly more cost-effective and, moreover, more flexible and easier to process.

[0022] Multifunctional fire protection materials or (flexible) multifunctional fire protection products can be obtained particularly advantageously with the ablative fire protection material, and especially with the ablative fire protection material obtainable, for example, by extrusion in the form of a strand or a sheet or the like, which can fulfill several fire protection functions, including cooling. According to embodiments of the invention, the ablative fire protection material is particularly preferably combined with an intumescent material. This creates a fire protection element which has an intumescent and cooling effect in the event of a fire, even at a relatively low activation temperature.

[0023] According to another aspect, the invention thus provides a fire protection element, designed as a flexible strand, as a flexible sheet, plate, mat or as a flexible strip, comprising a layer of intumescent material and a layer of ablative fire protection material according to one of the preceding embodiments.

[0024] According to another aspect, the invention provides a method for producing an ablative fire protection material for fire protection purposes, comprising shaping, in particular extrusion, a composition containing the components 55 wt% to 80 wt% magnesium phosphate hydrate, 20 wt.% to 40 wt.% carrier material from the group comprising ethylene vinyl acetate, polyethylene, low-density polyethylene and polypropylene, and 1 wt.% to 20 wt.% of a crust-forming material.

[0025] In particular, a composition is extruded according to one of the above-mentioned specifications.

[0026] In some embodiments, the method includes: a) Dosing the components into an extruder, b) Melting of the components and c) Pressing the molten mass into a strand of fire-resistant material.

[0027] In some embodiments, step a) includes the step: a1) Dosing each component with its own dosing unit.

[0028] In some embodiments, step a) includes the step: a2) Providing a twin-screw extruder as an extruder.

[0029] In some embodiments, step c) includes the step: c1) Pressing the molten mass through a slotted nozzle.

[0030] In some embodiments, step c) includes the step: c2) Pressing the molten mass into a rollable sheet.

[0031] In some embodiments, step c) includes the step: c3) Cooling the mass pressed into shape.

[0032] In some embodiments, step c) includes the step: c4) Pressing the molten mass onto a cooling roller.

[0033] In some embodiments, step c) includes the step: c5) Pressing the molten mass into a web or strip with a thickness between 0.8 mm and 5 mm, in particular between 1.0 mm and 3.0 mm, and more, in particular with a thickness selected from 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm and 3.0 mm.

[0034] Alternatively, the composition can be shaped using a doctor blade or other application techniques. It is also possible to use the composition in multi-component systems, particularly two-component systems.

[0035] According to a further aspect, the invention provides a method for producing a planar flexible fire protection element comprising providing a layer of intumescent material and carrying out the method according to one of the preceding embodiments for providing a layer of ablative fire protection material and constructing the fire protection element from the layer of intumescent material and the layer of ablative fire protection material.

[0036] In some embodiments of the aforementioned method for manufacturing the fire protection element, the layers can be provided as webs, for example wound onto rolls, and then joined to form the layer structure.

[0037] Advantageous uses for the ablative fire protection material according to one of the aforementioned configurations or obtainable by a process according to one of the aforementioned configurations include, for example, preventive fire protection, fire protection in vehicle construction, in particular rail vehicle construction and shipbuilding, fire protection in building construction, fire protection in civil engineering, fire protection closures / separation measures (e.g. fire doors, fire protection glazing, fire dampers, etc.), fire protection facades, fire protection in civil engineering and building construction, fire doors, fire protection facades, fire protection glazing, fire dampers, safes or security cabinets; switch cabinets, raised floors, thermal insulation elements, ducts, penetrations of all kinds, pipe penetrations or cable penetrations.

[0038] In different embodiments of the invention, magnesium phosphate hydrate, such as magnesium phosphate octahydrate, is used in an ablative fire protection material for fire protection purposes.

[0039] Ablative fire protection materials containing magnesium phosphate hydrate, such as magnesium phosphate octahydrate, are advantageously used, for example, in or on fire-resistant closures, fire doors, fire-resistant facades, fire-resistant glazing, fire dampers, safes or security cabinets, switch cabinets, raised floors, thermal insulation elements, cable or pipe penetrations, or other penetrations. In particular, ablative fire protection materials made from or containing magnesium phosphate hydrate are used in preventive fire protection in vehicle construction, shipbuilding, railway vehicle construction, building construction, and civil engineering.

[0040] The ablative fire protection material can be used alone if only a cooling effect is desired, for example in fillings of the leaves of fire doors or in the walls of fire-resistant cabinets or on fire-resistant facades or other applications.

[0041] For applications where both cooling and foaming action are required, such as in the joints of fire doors or fire-resistant glazing, the magnesium phosphate hydrate-based ablative firestop material can also be used in combination with an intumescent material. For example, the ablative firestop material, when combined with an intumescent material, serves as a reactive firestop that provides both foaming and cooling properties. A flexible, roll-, strip-, mat-, or sheet-like product is provided that is easy to handle for transport and for the production of firestops. This product consists of a layer of magnesium phosphate hydrate-based ablative firestop material and a layer of intumescent material, such as expandable graphite.

[0042] In some embodiments, the addition of an additive that expands at low temperatures, in combination with the water release of magnesium phosphate hydrate such as magnesium phosphate octahydrate, makes it possible to expand the ablative fire protection material in the event of a fire.

[0043] Some advantages of formulations of the magnesium phosphate hydrate-based fire protection material are that it • can be provided as a flexible material, • has a low activation temperature, • has a very good cooling effect, • is water-resistant • solvent-free, phenol-free, asbestos-free, formaldehyde-free and halogen-free • forms a stable ceramic layer or a stable ceramic molded part when exposed to fire, • is cost-effective and easy to manufacture.

[0044] Examples of implementation are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show: Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a device for carrying out a method for producing an ablative fire protection material; Fig. 2 a graph of STA measurements (combination of TGA analysis and DSC measurement) on an embodiment of the ablative fire protection material according to the invention; Fig. 3. A graph of STA measurements (combination of TGA analysis and DSC measurement) using a comparative example; and Fig. 4 A schematic representation illustrating the production of a multifunctional material using the cooling material according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0045] In embodiments according to the invention, magnesium phosphate hydrate – Mg3(PO4)2·xH2O – is used in an ablative fire protection material. Magnesium phosphate hydrates with varying water contents can be used.

[0046] In some embodiments, magnesium phosphate octahydrate - Mg3(PO4)2·8H2O - is used as magnesium phosphate hydrate in an ablative fire protection material.

[0047] In particular, an extrusion of an ablative fire protection material based on magnesium phosphate hydrate, such as magnesium phosphate octahydrate (hereinafter also simply called cooler), is described, which develops very good cooling properties in the event of a fire.

[0048] A process for manufacturing the ablative fire protection material is described below using the following as an example. Fig. 1 explained in more detail.

[0049] In preferred embodiments, the ablative fire protection material consists of three components 10, 12, 14, each of which is supplied as granules or as powder to an extruder 16, in particular a twin-screw extruder, with heating device 17.

[0050] The first component 10 is a polymeric, in particular thermoplastic, support material (matrix material), the second component 12 is magnesium phosphate hydrate, for example magnesium phosphate octahydrate, and the third component 14 is an additive that provides further desired properties, for example for processing or in case of fire. In some embodiments, the additive is a crust-forming agent, i.e., a substance that forms a crust under the influence of high temperatures.

[0051] The proportion of magnesium phosphate hydrate, for example magnesium phosphate octahydrate, in the composition to be extruded in the extruder 16 is more than 50 wt.%. According to the invention, this proportion is 55 to 80 wt.%.

[0052] The carrier material and its weight fraction are selected specifically based on its suitable melting point, its ability to form a flexible, easily processable extruded ablative fire-retardant material together with the other components, and its freedom from pollutants that could be released in the event of a fire. According to the invention, plastics such as PP or PE are used for this purpose; preferably, the carrier material is ethyl vinyl acetate, hereinafter also referred to as EVA. The proportion of carrier material in the composition is 20 to 40 wt.%.

[0053] The additive – in this case, a crust-forming agent – ​​is primarily a layered silicate, preferably organoclay. The proportion of the crust-forming agent is typically 1 to 10% by weight.

[0054] Components 10, 12, and 14 are each added to the extruder 16 in the desired proportions, and the resulting composition is then melted in the extruder 16 at a temperature suitable for melting the carrier material—e.g., 100 to 140°C for EVA—and forced through a die 18 of the extruder 16 into a strand with the desired shape. After cooling, a flexible strand of ablative fire protection material 20 is produced. The strand can have different profile shapes; even the formation of more complex profiles, such as for seals or for insertion into fire protection devices or fire-resistant closures, is possible. The ablative fire protection material 20 is particularly preferred as a flexible sheet 22 with a thickness corresponding to the parameters of the material specified in the extruder 16. Fig.The web 22 is obtained from the device 15 shown, which has a predetermined width, and is cooled between cooling rollers 26. The web 22 can then be wound onto a supply reel 24 and transported for further processing.

[0055] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the ablative fire protection material 20 consists of three components 10, 12, and 14, each of which is metered by its own metering unit 10a, 12a, and 14a, respectively. The ethyl vinyl acetate comprises 20 to 40 wt.%, the layered silicate 1 to 10 wt.%, and the magnesium phosphate hydrate, here e.g., magnesium phosphate octahydrate, 55 to 80 wt.%. In the extruder 16, here a twin-screw extruder, the compound—the composition—is melted at approximately 100°C and pressed through a slot die 18 and a cooling roller 26 to form a 340 mm wide master roll 28. The material can be extruded in various thicknesses (e.g., 1.0 mm / 1.5 mm / 2.0 mm / 2.5 mm / 3.0 mm).

[0056] To determine the fire protection behavior of the ablative fire protection material 20 according to the invention, heat transfer measurements were carried out. The ablative fire protection material 20 according to the invention was compared with reference samples made of reference material 1 (a commercially available silicate-based fire protection material), reference material 2 (a commercially available flexible ablative fire protection material), and reference material 3 (a commercially available flexible intumescent fire protection material) in small-scale fire tests. Reference material 1 is a rigid, water-sensitive, and therefore more difficult-to-process material in sheet form that exhibits cooling and intumescent properties.Comparison material 2 is a flexible, roll-based ablative fire protection material that releases water in the event of a fire, and comparison material 3 is a flexible, roll-based intumescent material based on expandable graphite.

[0057] Small fire tests were conducted to determine when (after how many minutes) a test specimen coated with the test material exceeds the permissible temperature of 180°C specified in DIN EN 16034.

[0058] The results are summarized in Table 1: Table 1: Performed heat transfer tests material Material thickness [mm] Exceeding the permissible T=180 K[min] Comparison material 3 3,0 11 Comparison material 3 9,0 16 Comparison material 1 2,0 16 Comparison material 2 3,0 14 Comparison material 2 9,0 23 Ablative fire protection material with magnesium phosphate octahydrate 3,0 18 Ablative fire protection material with magnesium phosphate octahydrate 9,0 44 Ablative fire protection material with aluminum hydroxide 3,0 12 Ablative fire protection material with aluminum hydroxide 9,0 30

[0059] It was found that the ablative fire protection material based on magnesium phosphate octahydrate has better flame-retardant and heat-insulating properties than known flexible materials. This fire protection material is significantly less expensive to manufacture than the other materials listed. As a flexible, water-resistant material, it is easier to handle for transport, storage, and processing than the comparison material 1. Example of ablative fire protection material according to the invention:

[0060] Table 2 shows an example 1 of an extrusion of a magnesium phosphate octahydrate-based ablative fire protection material: Table 2: Example of an ablative fire protection material with magnesium phosphate octahydrate position function raw material available in stores, e.g. as Percentage [wt.%) 10 Carrier material EVA EVA RepsolPrimeva P28045 35 12 Flame retardants Magnesium phosphate octahydrate Magnesium phosphate octahydrate 60 14 Additive Organoclay CLOISITE 20A 5

[0061] The composition according to Table 2 was extruded in the extruder to form a mother roll 28. Comparative example of ablative fire protection material:

[0062] Table 3 shows a comparative example of an extrusion of a non-inventive, aluminum hydroxide-based ablative fire protection material: Table 3: Comparative example of ablative fire protection material with aluminum hydroxide position function raw material Available in stores, e.g. as Percentage [wt.%) 1 Carrier material EVA EVA Repsol Primeva P28045 35 2 Flame retardants Aluminum hydroxide AluMill MF 132 60 3 Additive Organoclay CLOISITE 20A 5

[0063] The composition according to Table 3 was extruded into a mother roll in the extruder, as in Example 1.

[0064] Furthermore, to determine weight loss, a TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) was performed, as described in Fig. Figure 2 shows the mass as a percentage versus the temperature in °C. The following measurement conditions were observed: measurement under protective gas (nitrogen / argon), platinum crucible (no lid), device STA 449 C Jupiter from Netzsch. The labels in Fig. 2 means: Starting temperature 107°C, weight loss 14.26% B Starting temperature 275°C, weight loss 11.23% Starting temperature 400°C, weight loss 29.01% Temperature

[0065] The ablative fire protection material 20 showed a starting temperature of approximately 100°C with a water release of 25.49%.

[0066] To determine weight loss, a TGA analysis was also performed for the comparison example, as described in Fig. 3 shown. The labels in Fig. 3 means G Starting temperature 232.7°C, weight loss 22.77% Weight loss 33.95%

[0067] The cooling material in the comparison example thus showed a starting temperature of approximately 230°C, with a water release of 22.77% only occurring at just under 400°C.

[0068] Accordingly, example 1, according to the embodiment of the invention, exhibits a significantly earlier / lower starting temperature for the flame-retardant effect.

[0069] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 4, the extruded ablative fire protection material 20 can also be combined with other flexible fire protection materials to form a multifunctional material according to exemplary embodiments of the invention. In the example of Fig. 4. A layer 22 of ablative fire protection material 20 is joined with a flexible layer 30 of intumescent material, for example by thermal bonding, to form a multi-layered fire protection element 32. For example, comparative material 3 is used as the intumescent layer. Other materials, especially those also based on expandable graphite, are also conceivable.

[0070] The fire protection element 32 has both cooling and intumescent properties, is flexible and easy to handle on a supply roll 24 and can also be easily formed into strips.

[0071] Preferred applications include preventive fire protection in vehicle construction, shipbuilding, railway vehicle construction, building construction, and civil engineering, particularly fire-resistant closures, such as fire doors, especially doors with fire-resistant properties according to DIN EN 16034, other fire-resistant closures such as fire-resistant glazing, facades, fire dampers, as well as partitions or penetrations, especially pipe penetrations and cable penetrations or ducts. Containers with fire-resistant properties, such as protective cabinets and safes, can also be provided with the ablative fire-resistant material 20. The material can be used in building services engineering as well as in ships, railway vehicles, and offshore applications.

[0072] To create a fire protection material with improved cooling properties, easier handling and processing, and more cost-effective production, magnesium phosphate hydrate, such as magnesium phosphate octahydrate, is used as an ablative fire protection material or in an ablative fire protection material (20) for fire protection purposes according to the invention. In one embodiment, a composition for forming an ablative fire protection material (20) for fire protection purposes, containing 55 wt% to 80 wt% magnesium phosphate hydrate (12), is used. 20 wt.% to 40 wt.% carrier material (10), and 1 wt.% to 20 wt.% of a crust-forming material (14). in an extruder (16) to form a flexible strand of ablative fire protection material (20), in particular to form a flexible web (22).

[0073] Instead of extrusion, the ablative fire protection material can also be processed using other techniques, such as application or shaping. For example, the ablative fire protection material can be applied using a doctor blade or it can be used in a multi-component system, particularly a two-component system. Reference symbol list: 10 Carrier material (e.g. EVA) 10a Dosing device for carrier material 12 Mg3(PO4)2x8H2O (cooling material in case of fire) 12a Dosing device for cooling material in case of fire 14 Additive (crust-forming material, e.g. layered silicate, organoclay) 14a Dosing device for additive 15 Device for producing the ablative fire protection material 16 extruders 17 Heating system 18 Nozzle, in particular slot nozzle 20 (flexible) ablative fire protection material 22. Strip made of ablative fire protection material (example of a strand made of ablative fire protection material) 24 storage rolls 26 Cooling roller 28 Mother roll (ablative fire protection material 20) 30 sheets of flexible intumescent material 32 fire protection element Starting temperature 107°C, weight loss 14.26% B Starting temperature 275°C, weight loss 11.23% Starting temperature 400°C, weight loss 29.01% G Starting temperature 232.7°C, weight loss 22.77% Weight loss 33.95% Temperature

Claims

[1] Composition for forming an ablative fire-resistant material, containing 55 wt.% to 80 wt.% magnesium phosphate hydrate, 20 wt.% to 40 wt.% carrier material, and 1 wt.% to 20 wt.% of a crust-forming material, wherein the carrier material is a material from the group comprising ethylene vinyl acetate, polyethylene, low-density polyethylene and polypropylene. [2] Ablative fire protection material (20), containing 55 wt.% to 80 wt.% magnesium phosphate hydrate, 20 wt.% to 40 wt.% carrier material, and 1 wt.% to 20 wt.% of a crust-forming material, wherein the carrier material is a material from the group comprising ethylene vinyl acetate, polyethylene, low-density polyethylene and polypropylene. [3] Composition according to claim 1 or ablative fire protection material (20) according to claim 2, wherein the magnesium phosphate hydrate is or contains magnesium phosphate octahydrate. [4] Composition or ablative fire protection material (20) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the crust-forming material is or contains layered silicate, in particular organoclay. [5] Ablative fire protection material (20) according to any one of claims 2 to 4, obtained by forming or extrusion from the composition according to any one of claims 1 or 3 or 4. [6] Fire protection element (32) designed as a flexible strand or flexible sheet, plate, mat or strip, comprising a layer (30) of intumescent material and a layer (32) of ablative fire protection material (20) according to any one of claims 2 to 5. [7] Method for producing an ablative fire protection material (20) for fire protection purposes, comprising forming or extruding a composition, in particular according to any one of claims 1, 3 to 6, comprising the components (10, 12, 14) 55 wt.% to 80 wt.% magnesium phosphate hydrate, 20 wt.% to 40 wt.% carrier material from the group comprising ethylene vinyl acetate, polyethylene, low-density polyethylene and polypropylene, and 1 wt.% to 20 wt.% of a crust-forming material. [8] The method of claim 7, comprising: a) Dosing the components (10, 12, 14) into an extruder (16), b) Melting of the components and c) Pressing the molten mass into a sheet or strand. [9] The method of claim 8, wherein step a) comprises at least one or more of the following steps: a1) Dosing each component (10, 12, 14) with its own dosing unit (10a, 12a, 14a); a2) Providing a twin-screw extruder as an extruder (16). [10] Method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein step c) comprises at least one or more of the following steps: c1) Pressing the molten mass through a slot die (18), c2) Pressing the molten mass into a rollable web (22) or one strand c3) Cooling the mass pressed into shape, c4) Pressing the molten mass onto or with a cooling roller (26), c5) Pressing the molten mass into a strand, a web (22) or a strip with a thickness between 0.8 mm and 5 mm, in particular between 1.0 mm and 3.0 mm, and more, in particular with a thickness selected from 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm and 3.0 mm. [11] Method for producing a planar flexible fire protection element (32) comprising providing a layer (30) of intumescent material and carrying out the method according to one of claims 7 to 10 for providing a layer (22) of ablative fire protection material and forming a layer structure with the layer (30) of intumescent material and the layer (30) of ablative fire protection material. [12] Use • of the ablative fire protection material (20) according to one of claims 2 to 5 or • of the fire protection element (32) according to claim 6 or • an ablative fire protection material (20) obtainable by carrying out the method according to any one of claims 7 to 10 or • a fire protection element (32) obtainable by carrying out the method according to claim 11 for fire protection closures, fire doors, fire protection facades, fire protection glazing, fire dampers, safes or security cabinets; switch cabinets, raised floors, thermal insulation elements, penetrations, penetrations for cables or pipes, or for fire protection purposes in rail vehicles, ships or other vehicles or for fire protection purposes in shipbuilding or in civil engineering.

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