METHOD AND LOGISTICS SYSTEM TO SUPPORT A LOADING PROCESS ON A TRANSPORT VEHICLE AND TRANSPORT VEHICLE

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (100) for supporting a loading operation (90) on a transport vehicle (10), wherein the transport vehicle (10) has a loading space (11) for receiving loading units (30) at various loading positions (1B, 1D, 1E, 2B, 2D, 2E) in the loading space (11). The invention further relates to a logistics system (80) for supporting a loading operation (90) on a transport vehicle (10) and to a transport vehicle (10), in particular a commercial vehicle.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method and a logistics system for supporting a loading process on a transport vehicle, wherein the transport vehicle has a cargo space for receiving loading units at various loading positions within the cargo space. The invention further relates to a transport vehicle, in particular a commercial vehicle.

[0002] Modern logistics processes are already being implemented with a high degree of efficiency due to ongoing technical and economic developments. Increasing digitalization allows, for example, transport processes to be coordinated and executed with increasing automation. In particular, digital networking enables automated information exchange, reducing planning and coordination efforts in process design. This can lead to a decrease in human intervention on the one hand, and an increased need for process efficiency through technical automation solutions on the other.

[0003] WO 2020 / 176 273 A1 describes a system for monitoring transported goods, for example, for monitoring the unloading progress of truck trailers at retail locations, with an AI system for managing operational processes and optimizing capacity utilization. The AI ​​system analyzes, for example, the current capacity utilization level and other data to determine the availability of a means of transport and uses sensor-acquired operational progress parameter data to predict, determine, and report achieved target parameters.

[0004] While digitized information exchange already enables high efficiency in the coordination of transport vehicles, there is a comparatively high potential for further technical development in the machine-supported or automated planning and execution of a loading process on a transport vehicle, the technical and economic optimization of which is not trivial due to complex interacting factors.

[0005] Against this background, the invention aims to provide a method and a logistics system for supporting a loading process on a transport vehicle, enabling technically and economically efficient planning, control, and monitoring of loading and unloading operations and allowing a high degree of automation of the associated logistical processes. Furthermore, a transport vehicle is to be specified that supports the simple and efficient implementation of the method.

[0006] The problem is solved by a method according to claim 1, a logistics system according to claim 10, and a transport vehicle according to claim 11. Advantageous embodiments are disclosed in the dependent claims, the description, and the figures.

[0007] According to the features of independent claim 1, a method for supporting a loading operation on a transport vehicle is proposed, wherein the transport vehicle has a loading space for receiving loading units at different loading positions in the loading space, comprising the steps: - Providing a loading unit equipped with cargo and a machine-readable identification element for identifying the loading unit using an identifier assigned to the loading unit; - Capturing or providing transport information regarding the loading unit and / or the cargo and linking the transport information with the identifier using a data processing unit; - Capturing or providing vehicle information of the transport vehicle intended for transporting the loading unit and transmitting the vehicle information to the data processing unit; - Assigning a loading position in the cargo space of the transport vehicle to the loading unit depending on the transport information and the vehicle information using the data processing unit; - Identification of the loading unit using the identification element during a loading process on the transport vehicle and transmission of the identification result to the data processing unit; and - Provision and output of the assigned loading position of the identified loading unit by the data processing unit during the loading process on the transport vehicle.

[0008] In other words, the simplified proposal is to identify loading units intended for transport during the loading process and to use the information stored for these units to optimize their distribution within the transport vehicle. A central data processing unit can be used to assign received data to the corresponding loading unit, receive identification results, and provide relevant information, enabling efficient and dynamic planning, control, and monitoring of loading operations. Using this identification element, loading units can be tracked precisely and without gaps from the moment of loading, linked to continuously updated information, and monitored in a documentable manner with regard to logistical events, all without significant manual effort.Optimizing the distribution of loading units can be achieved based on predefined properties of the loading units, such as the required accessibility of specific loading units for a planned unloading process, loading efficiency during the loading process, and / or vehicle safety of the transport vehicle. Optimized distribution of loading units can relate specifically to their loading positions within the transport vehicle, but also additionally to the loading sequence of the loading units, as will be explained in more detail below.

[0009] The term "loading process" is used here as a collective term for both loading and unloading processes. It can therefore refer equally to a process in which at least one loading unit is loaded into the transport vehicle, or to a process in which at least one loading unit is unloaded from the transport vehicle. A transport vehicle can be a vehicle designed for the transport of goods, particularly for commercial transport. For this purpose, the transport vehicle can be a commercial vehicle, such as a van or a trailer in a vehicle combination. The transport vehicle has a cargo space designed to accommodate loading units, for example, a predominantly flat loading area and at least side walls to define the loading volume intended for transporting the loading units.The cargo space can have predefined loading positions for the loading units, which can optionally be marked, for example, by markings, load securing devices, or mechanical fixtures for the loading units. Furthermore, for some transport applications, it is conceivable that support structures for receiving loading units are arranged in the cargo space, such as transport racks, containers, boxes, or cabinets. Loading positions within the cargo space can be differentiated, for example, by three-dimensionally predefined sub-spaces. For instance, the cargo space can be segmented into successive sub-volumes in at least one spatial direction, which can be adapted to the loading units to be transported, for example, based on predefined pallet dimensions or heights of loading units, which, depending on the cargo, can also be stacked on top of each other.

[0010] A loading unit can be a structural unit comprising cargo to be transported, which may be a single item or several smaller cargo units grouped together. The loading unit may include a carrier or container for holding the cargo, such as a pallet or a container. If several cargo units are combined in one loading unit, they may be separated from each other by their respective carriers or containers, such as cartons or boxes. Based on the characteristics described above, the loading unit has a machine-readable identification element for identifying the loading unit using an identifier assigned to it.Such an identification element can be, for example, a tag, label, or transponder that can be attached to or is attached to the charging unit, particularly to a carrier or container of the charging unit, and which can be read mechanically, especially wirelessly or optically, to determine the identifier of the charging unit. The identifier of the charging unit can be, for example, an identification number or a comparable, uniquely assignable identification code. A mobile or stationary identification device, such as a reader or scanner, can be provided for the mechanical detection of the identification element.

[0011] Transport information can be logistical information relating to the loading unit, the cargo, or a transport condition, and may include, for example, the volume, dimensions, or weight of the loading unit, the type of cargo, cargo characteristics such as fragility or temperature sensitivity, a transport date, a transport route, the number or distribution of unloading stations, or further processing conditions at an unloading station.The acquisition of transport information, for example regarding the volume, dimensions, or weight of the loading unit, can be carried out using a stationary or mobile measuring station. This can be achieved through camera-based three-dimensional measurement of the loading unit or by weighing it with a stationary scale or a scale integrated into a logistics vehicle such as a forklift. The acquired data can be transmitted automatically from the measuring station to the data processing unit. The acquisition of transport information concerning a cargo characteristic or transport condition can be achieved, for example, by data input at an input interface of a recording device that is connectable to or linked with the data processing unit.If transport information is already available electronically for planning purposes, for example in a storage unit of the data processing unit or an electronic logistics facility that can be connected or linked to the data processing unit, transport information can be made available without separate recording by the data processing unit.

[0012] Vehicle information can be logistical information relating to the transport vehicle and may include, for example, the vehicle's identification number, vehicle type, cargo capacity, cargo dimensions, cargo layout, or available loading positions. Such vehicle information can be captured, for example, by data entry, radio transmission, or electronic vehicle identification, and may be acquired using suitable input and / or receiving devices at a loading dock. If vehicle information is already available electronically for planning purposes, for example, stored in a memory unit of the data processing unit or in an electronic logistics device that can be connected to or linked to the data processing unit, the vehicle information can be made available without separate data acquisition by the data processing unit.

[0013] Depending on the embodiment, the data processing unit in question can be, for example, a local data processing unit at the loading location, such as a site-specific logistics server, or a remotely accessible data processing unit, such as a cloud server, or a combination thereof. The data processing unit can, in particular, be processor-based and include a suitable computer program for acquiring, processing, and outputting the data in question, such as an identifier, transport information, vehicle information, an identification result, and a loading position. The data processing unit can be connected, or be connected, via signal transmission to an acquiring device for recording transport and vehicle information and to an identification device for the automated identification of the loading unit based on the identification element.The data processing unit can also be connected to, or be connected to, an output unit such as a screen or loudspeaker at a loading dock or on the transport vehicle. The aforementioned transport and vehicle information, as well as identification results, can be transmitted to the data processing unit automatically upon acquisition via the signal connection.

[0014] Assigning a loading position within the cargo space of the transport vehicle to a specific loading unit can be based, for example, on an analysis of given transport and vehicle information. This allows for the determination of an optimal loading position based on predefined criteria. Specifically, several loading units and their associated transport information can first be recorded, and then an optimized distribution of these units within the cargo space can be determined based on their relative positions. With assigned loading positions for multiple loading units, a loading plan, such as a loading plan and / or unloading plan, can be generated.

[0015] The data processing unit can output the assigned loading position of the identified loading unit during the loading process on the transport vehicle, for example, in the form of an instruction to loading personnel, such as via a screen or speaker in the transport vehicle or loading dock, or via a mobile device of the loading personnel, or in the form of transmission of the assigned loading position to an automated loading device such as an automated forklift. This can increase the degree of automation of the loading process.

[0016] According to one embodiment, the method may additionally include the step: - Identification of the loading unit using the identification element of the loading unit during an unloading process on the transport vehicle and transmission of the identification result to the data processing unit.

[0017] This allows for additional tracking of the loading unit during unloading, resulting in improved and more comprehensive monitoring of the entire transport process with respect to the loading unit. Furthermore, identifying the unloaded loading unit enables the detection and correction of any incorrect unloading. The automatic transmission of the identification result to the data processing unit facilitates documentation of the unloading process for loading personnel, such as the driver of the transport vehicle. When transmitting the identification result, additional information about the unloading event can be transmitted alongside the loading unit's identifier, such as location and / or time, ambient and / or loading unit temperature, or a condition assessment of the loading unit, for example, regarding packaging damage.Such additional information can be captured, for example, by sensors and / or manually and transmitted to the data processing unit.

[0018] According to one embodiment, the method may additionally include the following steps: - Assigning a loading sequence for multiple loading units intended for transport in the cargo space of the transport vehicle, using the data processing unit; and - Provision and output of the assigned loading sequence of the multiple loading units during the loading process at the transport vehicle.

[0019] This allows the loading process to be optimized, for example, with regard to loading efficiency or vehicle safety by considering stability and weight distribution criteria. With an assigned loading sequence, a loading plan and / or unloading plan can be created for the loading units under consideration. This can also take into account planned loading operations at multiple loading and / or unloading stations. The loading sequence can be determined and assigned based on predefined criteria such as the accessibility of the loading units to be unloaded, loading efficiency, or weight distribution within the transport vehicle.The assigned loading sequence can be communicated, for example, as an instruction to loading personnel, such as via a screen or speaker in the transport vehicle or loading dock, or via a mobile device belonging to the loading personnel, or as a transmission of the assigned loading sequence to an automated loading device such as an automated forklift. This can increase the level of automation in the loading process.

[0020] According to one embodiment, the data processing unit can assign a loading position and / or a loading sequence based on a loading efficiency criterion, a vehicle stability criterion, and / or a cargo transport criterion. This allows the loading process to be optimized, for example, with regard to loading efficiency or transport and vehicle safety. A loading efficiency criterion might include easy access to loading units that, for instance, must be unloaded first due to transport conditions. A vehicle stability criterion might consider, for example, a uniform weight distribution, center of gravity optimization, or a cargo distribution optimized with regard to the braking or acceleration behavior of the transport vehicle.A cargo transport criterion can, for example, take into account the fragility or sensitivity to vibration or shock of the cargo. The loading efficiency criterion, the driving stability criterion, and / or the cargo transport criterion can be considered for the entire transport route of the transport vehicle and / or for sections between several unloading stations.

[0021] According to one embodiment, the data processing unit can assign a loading position and / or a loading sequence, taking into account partial loads of the transport vehicle's total load at several loading stations intended for successive approaches. This enables predictive analysis and planning of the entire transport process. The data processing unit allows for the complex creation and processing of loading and unloading plans for multiple loading stations. In practice, partial loads can be highly relevant to the loading efficiency and driving stability of the transport vehicle, as an unfavorable load distribution can lead to delays during partial loading and reduced driving stability when approaching the next loading station.A total loading quantity can be the total quantity of loading units that are loaded into the transport vehicle and unloaded again from it for a given transport route.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the loading process can be carried out fully automatically or semi-automatically. This increases the degree of automation. Particularly through seamless planning, control, and monitoring of the loading process using the data processing unit, fully and semi-automatic loading processes can be enabled or improved. A semi-automatic loading process could, for example, be one that takes place under the supervision and / or with the support of loading personnel. A fully automatic loading process could, for example, be one that occurs without human control or intervention, where only technical devices handle the execution of the loading process.For fully or semi-automated loading operations, an automated forklift can be used, for example, which can independently handle the loading units, and in particular, identify the loading units and / or determine transport information such as the weight of each loading unit. The automated forklift can be connected to, or already connected to, the data processing unit and / or the transport vehicle via signal transmission for information exchange.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the method may additionally include the following steps: - Comparison of the actual loading position of a loading unit with the assigned loading position and / or comparison of the actual loading sequence with the assigned loading sequence based on identified loading units during the loading process and / or during the unloading process using the data processing unit; and - Issuance of a warning message if the actual loading position does not match the assigned loading position or if the actual loading sequence does not match the assigned loading sequence.

[0024] This can significantly reduce the risk or number of incorrect loading and / or unloading incidents. Identifying the loading unit during a loading process allows for automatic comparison to ensure that the predefined loading conditions match the actual situation. The assigned loading sequence can be individually configured for a specific loading station. If loading units are not unloaded according to the predefined sequence, or if a loaded unit is not included in the predefined sequence but, for example, assigned to a different loading station, a warning message can be generated. The actual loading position can be detected, for example, by sensors such as a reader, a load cell, or a camera in the transport vehicle. The actual loading sequence can be monitored, for example, based on the transmitted identification results for the loading units.A warning message can be generated locally, for example, in a manner perceptible to loading personnel, such as via a screen or loudspeaker on the transport vehicle or loading dock and / or via a mobile device used by the loading personnel. Alternatively or additionally, a warning message can be transmitted to a central control center, such as a dispatch center at the logistics station or a fleet control center.

[0025] According to one embodiment, the method may additionally include the following steps: - Providing the cargo for loading into the loading unit in a cargo unit with a machine-readable identification element for identifying the cargo unit by means of a label assigned to the cargo unit; and - Assigning cargo information to the identifier of the cargo unit using the data processing unit.

[0026] This allows for an additional layer of automated information processing, enabling cargo information to be available before or during the creation of the loading unit and considered early in the development of a loading plan. This includes, for example, the assignment of a loading position or the loading sequence for the loaded unit. A cargo unit can be, for instance, a packaging unit containing the cargo to be transported, such as a carton, box, or other container. Cargo information, which may include cargo type, quantity, size, weight, recipient, or origin and destination, can be automatically captured and processed before or even during the loading of the unit.The acquisition of cargo information can be done, for example, using sensors or manually, and this information can be transmitted to the data processing unit via a signal connection and / or an input interface.

[0027] According to one embodiment, the machine-detectable identification element of the loading unit and / or the machine-detectable identification element of the cargo unit can be a radio identification element and / or an optical identification element. This enables simple, contactless, and rapid reading of the identification element, particularly at close range. For machine detection of the identification element, a mobile or stationary identification device such as a reader or scanner can be provided, thus ensuring intuitive operation and suitability for automated loading processes. A radio identification element can, for example, be based on RFID, Bluetooth, or NFC technology. An optical identification element can, for example, have a barcode or QR code.

[0028] The invention also relates to a logistics system for supporting a loading process on a transport vehicle, comprising - a data processing unit, - a signal-technical recording device connected to the data processing unit for recording transport information from loading units, and - a signal-technical identification device connected to the data processing unit for identifying loading units that have a machine-detectable identification element, and / or for identifying cargo units that have a machine-detectable identification element, where the logistics system is set up to carry out the procedure according to one of the characteristics described above.

[0029] The proposed logistics system also achieves the aforementioned advantages of efficient and dynamic planning, control, and monitoring of loading operations. The signal-based acquisition and identification device, connected to the data processing unit, enables automated information exchange for linking transport information with identified loading units and generating a loading plan tailored to those units. The data processing unit can also be configured to receive vehicle information regarding the transport vehicle and integrate it into loading planning, control, and / or monitoring. With the aforementioned logistics system, complex transport processes with multiple loading stations can be efficiently planned and implemented, while the identification device enables seamless monitoring of the loading and transport process.The identification device can be, for example, a mobile or stationary identification device such as a reader or scanner.

[0030] The invention also relates to a transport vehicle, in particular a commercial vehicle, which has a communication device configured to establish a signal connection with a data processing unit of a logistics system according to one of the features described above. This provides a transport vehicle that easily facilitates information exchange with the data processing unit of the logistics system, thus enabling improved planning, control, and monitoring of the loading process. For example, the transport vehicle can be configured to transmit vehicle information to the data processing unit, such as the vehicle's identification number, vehicle type, cargo space capacity, cargo space dimensions, cargo space layout, or available loading positions, so that such data can be incorporated into the planning and control of the loading process.The communication device can be, for example, a transmitter or a combined transmitter / receiver unit and communicate with the data processing unit based on a mobile communication or V2X communication protocol. The transport vehicle can be configured as a commercial vehicle. Commercial vehicles can be equipped for the commercial transport of goods or people, or as work vehicles. Examples of commercial vehicles include trucks, vans, buses, construction vehicles, and agricultural machinery. The commercial vehicle can be suitable as a towing vehicle and, for this purpose, can be configured as a trailer, such as a semi-trailer.If the transport vehicle is designed as a trailer, it can be configured for direct communication with the data processing unit via the communication device or for indirect communication with the data processing unit via a towing vehicle connected to the trailer. The transport vehicle has a cargo space designed to accommodate loading units, for example, a predominantly flat loading surface and at least side walls to define the loading volume intended for transporting the loading units. The cargo space can have predefined loading positions for the loading units, which can optionally be marked, for example, by markings, load securing devices, or mechanical fixtures for the loading units.Furthermore, for some transport applications, it is conceivable that support structures are arranged within the cargo space to accommodate loading units, such as transport racks, containers, boxes, or cabinets. Loading positions within the cargo space can be differentiated, for example, by three-dimensionally predefined sub-spaces. For instance, the cargo space can be segmented into successive sub-volumes in at least one spatial direction, which can be adapted to the loading units to be transported, for example, based on predefined pallet dimensions or heights of loading units, which, depending on the cargo, can also be stacked on top of each other.

[0031] According to one embodiment, the transport vehicle can have an identification device that is connected, or connectable, to the transport vehicle's communication system. This allows for the simple identification of loading units and the transmission of identification results during a loading process. The identification device can, for example, be located in a cargo space or on a loading flap or opening of the transport vehicle. Furthermore, it is conceivable that an identification device is arranged at each of predefined loading positions in the cargo space, so that the current loading position can be directly assigned to the identified loading unit.

[0032] Generally speaking, the words “ein / eine”, unless explicitly defined otherwise, are not to be understood as numerals, but as indefinite articles with the meaning of “at least one”.

[0033] The invention allows for various embodiments and is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings. These show, in schematic form: Fig. 1. A general simplified description of the process of preparing and carrying out a loading operation; Fig. 2 a simplified schematic diagram of a data processing unit and a carrier of a charging unit according to an exemplary embodiment; Fig. 3 a simplified process diagram for the provision of a cargo unit according to an exemplary embodiment; Fig. 4. A schematic diagram of a logistics system according to a first implementation variant; Fig. 5. A schematic diagram of a logistics system according to a second implementation variant; Fig. 6. A simplified flowchart of a data processing process; Fig. 7 a schematic diagram of a transport vehicle intended for the loading process; Fig. 8 a schematic diagram of a transport vehicle with a communication device and an identification device; Fig. 9 a simplified flowchart of a procedure to support a loading operation; Fig. 10 a simplified flowchart of an automated loading process.

[0034] Fig. Figure 1 schematically shows selected preparation and implementation steps of, for example, a Fig. The loading process 90 is indicated in section 10 according to a basic sequence. First, cargo 31 is provided and a cargo unit 33 is loaded with the provided cargo 31. The cargo unit 33 is transported by loading personnel 60 to a carrier 34 designed as a pallet and arranged on it. By loading the carrier 34 with cargo units 33, a loading unit 30 is created, which can be machine-identified by means of an identification element 32 arranged on the carrier 34, for example, by means of an RFID tag. After completion of the loading and an optional packaging step to secure the cargo units 33 on the carrier 34, the loading unit 33 is transported by means of a loading device 61, for example, designed as a forklift, to a transport vehicle 10, for example, to a loading dock, where the transport vehicle 10 is ready for a loading process 90.The loading device 61 can have an identification device 72, for example an RFID reader, in order to be able to identify the loading unit 30 during the transport process.

[0035] The in Fig. The transport vehicle 10, shown schematically, is designed as a trailer of a vehicle combination and is configured here as a commercial vehicle in the form of a semi-trailer. The transport vehicle 10 has a loading space 11 for receiving loading units 30, the loading space 11 being as shown in Fig. 1 is visibly segmented into subvolumes, to which loading positions 1A to 1F are assigned. The subvolumes can, for example, have a base area corresponding to the carriers 34 designed as pallets. According to the illustrated embodiment, an arrangement of two loading units 30 one above the other can be provided.

[0036] Each of the loading units 30 to be loaded can be assigned a loading position in advance of the loading process 90, according to the available partial volumes, as will be explained in more detail below. Fig. Figure 1 shows examples of different loading units 30 arranged at assigned loading positions 1B, 1D, 1E, 2B, 2D, 2E. The loading units 30 can differ, for example, with regard to their cargo type and / or with regard to a cargo property, such as the fragility of the cargo 31. The assignment of a loading position 1A to 1F can, for example, depend on a cargo type and / or a cargo property of the cargo 31.

[0037] Fig. Figure 2 schematically shows a carrier 34 of a loading unit 30, on which an RFID tag is arranged as an identification element 32. This allows a loading unit 30 to be uniquely identified at any time using an identifier 50 detectable by the identification element 32. A data processing unit 70 can assign transport information 51 relating to the loading unit 30 to the identifier 50, so that logistical data such as the volume, dimensions, or weight of the loading unit 30, the type of cargo, cargo properties, a transport date, a transport route, the number or distribution of unloading stations, or further processing conditions at an unloading station can be linked to the loading unit 30.Furthermore, vehicle information 52 can be transmitted to the data processing unit 70, which may include, for example, an identification number of the transport vehicle 10, a vehicle type, a cargo space capacity, cargo space dimensions, a cargo space layout, or available loading positions in the cargo space 11. This enables the data processing unit 70 to assign a loading position 1A to 2F according to the embodiment in Figure 1. Fig. 1 to a charging unit 30 depending on the transport information 51 and the vehicle information 52. For example, via a transceiver 73 and signal connections 75, the data processing unit 70 can be connected to, for example, a device in the Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 evident recording device 71 for recording transport information 51 of loading units 30 and / or with a for example in the Fig. 4 and Fig. The identification device 72 shown in section 5 for identifying loading units 30 by means of an identification element 32 and / or for identifying cargo units 33 by means of an identification element 32' is connected by means of a signal.

[0038] Furthermore, it is conceivable that the data processing unit 70 is connected to an external cloud server 74 via a signal connection, for example an internet connection, in order to enable, for example, an exchange of information with other logistics locations or a central control center such as a fleet control center.

[0039] In Fig. Figure 3 schematically illustrates that cargo 31 can be provided for loading the loading unit 30 in a cargo unit 33, which has a machine-readable identification element 32' for identifying the cargo unit 33 by means of a label 53 assigned to the cargo unit 33. Previously recorded or otherwise provided cargo information 54 can be assigned to the label 53 by means of the data processing unit 70. This provides the data processing unit 70 with early information regarding the cargo 31 intended for the loading unit 30, which can be taken into account, for example, when creating a loading plan for the preparation and execution of the loading process 90. As in Fig. As schematically indicated in Figure 3, the identification element 32' can, for example, be a radio identification element 32a such as an RFID tag or an optical identification element 32b such as a barcode or QR code. Even though the identification element 32 of the charging unit 30 is shown as an RFID tag in the figures, it is also conceivable for the identification element 32 to be implemented as an optical identification element 32b or as another radio identification element 32, deviating from RFID technology.

[0040] In Fig. Figure 3 further schematically indicates that the identification element 32' can be read automatically by means of an identification device 72. The identification device 72 can, for example, be a mobile handheld scanner for capturing an optical identification element 32', as shown. The identification device 72 is connected to the data processing unit 70 via a signal connection 75, here via a transceiver 73. Accordingly, an identification result captured by the identification device 72 can be automatically transmitted to the data processing unit 70, and, for example, cargo information 54 can be stored for the license plate 53 by data input, or previously stored cargo information 54 for the license plate 53 can be retrieved. After the cargo unit 33 has been created and the cargo information 54 linked to the license plate 53 of the cargo unit 33, it can be processed analogously as in Fig. 1 described by loading personnel 60 to be transported to a carrier 34 in order to equip it with the cargo unit 33 and to form a loading unit 30.

[0041] In Fig. Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of a logistics system 80 for supporting a loading process 90 according to a first embodiment. The logistics system 80 comprises a data processing unit 70, a recording device 71 for recording transport information 51 of loading units 30, and identification devices 72 for identifying cargo units 33 and loading units 30. For example, according to the one in Fig. The cargo unit 33 created according to the process shown in Figure 3 can be identified before or during the loading of the carrier 34 with the cargo unit 33 by means of a mobile identification device 72. The identification result can be transmitted to the data processing unit 70 via a signal connection 75 and a transceiver 73. Thus, when the carrier 34 is loaded with the cargo unit 33, the data processing unit 70 already has the identifier 53 and the associated cargo information 54 available, so that these can be assigned to the also identifiable cargo unit 30 by means of the identification element 32 on the carrier 34 by means of the data processing unit 70. The recording device 71 can be configured to record transport information 51 of the cargo unit 30 thus created during or after the loading of the carrier 34 with cargo units 33.For this purpose, the detection device 71 can be configured, for example, as an optical measuring station or as a stationary scale, according to the illustrated design options. The detection device 71 can also include a stationary identification device 72, for example, an RFID reader, which is configured to automatically detect the identification element 32 of the carrier 34. The identification result of such detection, as well as the detected transport information 51, can be transmitted to the data processing unit 70 via a signal connection 75 and a transceiver 73. After detection of the transport information 51, the loading unit 30, optionally after a packaging step to secure the cargo units 33 to the carrier 34, is ready for a loading operation 90 on the transport vehicle 10.

[0042] In Fig. Figure 5 shows a schematic representation of a logistics system 80 to support a loading process 90 according to a second design variant. Fig. Figure 5 clarifies that, alternatively or additionally to a stationary data acquisition device 71, a mobile data acquisition device 71 for recording transport information 51 of a loading unit 30 can also be part of the logistics system 80. The mobile data acquisition device 71 can, for example, be designed as a mobile scale for a loading device 61, such as a forklift, so that the weight of the loading unit 30 can be recorded during transport. The recorded transport information 51 can be exchanged or compared via a signal connection 75 between the loading device 61 and the data processing unit 70, and optionally with a stationary data acquisition station 71.The loading device 61 can also have an identification device 72, for example an RFID reader, in order to transmit the identification result together with the recorded transport information 51 to the data processing unit 70.

[0043] In Fig. Figure 6 illustrates a simplified schematic representation of a data processing process of the data processing unit 70. The data processing unit 70 can be configured to establish a signal connection 75 via a transceiver 73 to the aforementioned logistical equipment, such as a recording device 71, an identification device 72, or a transport vehicle 10. The data processing unit 70 can also be connected to a remotely accessible cloud server 74. The data processing unit 70 can be configured to receive a variety of information, particularly from the aforementioned logistical equipment, via a manual input interface and via the cloud server 74.The information can include, for example, an identifier 50 of a loading unit 30, transport information 51, vehicle information 52, a license plate 53 of a cargo unit 33, and / or cargo information 54. Within the framework of a schematically indicated data processing 77, the information can be linked and used according to predefined criteria for assigning a loading position and / or a loading sequence 78 of loading units 30, which can be summarized, for example, in a loading plan 76 created by the data processing unit 70. The assignment of a loading position and / or the assignment of a loading sequence 78 can, for example, depend on a loading efficiency criterion 55, a driving stability criterion 56 of the transport vehicle 10, and / or a cargo transport criterion 57.The loading efficiency criterion 55 can, for example, refer to the easy accessibility of a loading unit 30 depending on its intended unloading station. The driving stability criterion 56 can, for example, refer to a uniform weight distribution, center of gravity optimization, or a load distribution optimized with regard to the braking or acceleration behavior of the transport vehicle 10. The load transport criterion 57 can, for example, take into account the fragility or sensitivity to vibration or shock of the load 31.Furthermore, the assignment of a loading position and / or a loading sequence 78 can be carried out by means of the data processing unit 70, taking into account partial loadings of the total loading quantity of the transport vehicle 10 at several loading stations intended for successive arrivals, thereby enabling proactive loading planning with optimized cargo distribution. The assigned loading positions and / or loading sequences can be transmitted via the signal connections 75, for example, to the transport vehicle 10, to loading personnel 60, and / or an electronic device at a loading dock and made available there, for example, via an output device. The output can be, for example, via a screen or loudspeaker (not shown) at the loading dock or the transport vehicle 10, or via a mobile device of the loading personnel.

[0044] Fig. Figure 7 shows a schematic representation of a transport vehicle 10 intended for loading operation 90. The aforementioned loading plan 76 can be used as shown in Fig. Figure 7 is schematically indicated for the planned loading process 90 on the transport vehicle 10. This can be used in particular for the identification of a loading unit 30 during, for example, a Fig. The loading process 90a indicated on the transport vehicle 10 includes the transmission of the identification result to the data processing unit 70, as well as the provision and output of an assigned loading position, here loading positions 1B, 1D, 1E, 2B, 2D, 2E, and / or an assigned loading sequence 78 during the loading process 90a on the transport vehicle 10. The output can be provided, for example, visually and / or audibly via the transport vehicle 10, a loading dock, or via a mobile device of the loading personnel 60. Alternatively or additionally, within the framework of a process based on Fig. 10. In the automated loading process 90, which is described in more detail, the assigned loading position and / or the assigned loading sequence 78 are transferred to an automatic loading device 61.

[0045] In Fig. Figure 8 schematically illustrates that the transport vehicle 10 is connected or connectable to the data processing unit 70 and / or directly to a cloud server 74 for information exchange via a communication device 12, a signal connection 75, and a transceiver 73. Furthermore, the transport vehicle 10 has several identification devices 72, such as RFID readers, which enable the identification of loading units 30 in the cargo space 11 and, in particular, allow the recording of the actual loading position of loading units 30 in the cargo space 11. These devices are connected or connectable to the communication device 12, for example, to transmit an identification result.

[0046] Fig. Figure 9 shows a simplified flowchart of a process 100 to support a loading operation 90 on a transport vehicle 10, wherein the transport vehicle 10 has a cargo space 11 for receiving loading units 30 at different loading positions in the cargo space 11, comprising the steps: - Providing 110 a loading unit 30 equipped with cargo 31 with a machine-detectable identification element 32 for identifying the loading unit 30 using an identifier 50 assigned to the loading unit 30; - Capturing or providing 120 transport information 51 regarding the loading unit 30 and / or the cargo 31 and linking the transport information 51 with the identifier 50 by means of a data processing unit 70; - Capturing or providing 130 vehicle information 52 of the transport vehicle 10 intended for transporting the loading unit 30 and transmitting the vehicle information 52 to the data processing unit 70; - Assigning 140 a loading position in the loading space 11 of the transport vehicle 10 to the loading unit 30 depending on the transport information 51 and the vehicle information 52 by means of the data processing unit 70; - Identification 150 of the loading unit 30 using the identification element 32 during a loading operation 90a on the transport vehicle 10 and transmission of the identification result to the data processing unit 70; and - Provision and output 160 of the assigned loading position 1B, 1D, 1E, 2B, 2D, 2E of the identified loading unit 30 by the data processing unit 70 during the loading process 90a on the transport vehicle 10.

[0047] The described method 100 enables a simple and efficient distribution of loading units 30 within the cargo space 11 of a transport vehicle 10. The central data processing unit 70, along with comprehensive identification and monitoring of the loading units 30, facilitates dynamic and efficient planning, control, and monitoring of loading operations 90, which can, among other things, reduce the workload of the loading personnel 60. Depending on the criteria applied, assigning loading positions to the loading units 30 can achieve loading efficiency, vehicle safety, and / or improved protection of the cargo 31.

[0048] Not shown in detail, but conceivable, is also to identify the loading unit 30 using the identification element 32 of the loading unit 30 during an unloading process on the transport vehicle 10 and to transmit the identification result to the data processing unit 70.

[0049] According to a Fig. In step 6, schematically indicated, a loading sequence 78 can be assigned 170 to several loading units 30, which are intended for transport in the cargo space 11 of the transport vehicle 10, using the data processing unit 70. The assigned loading sequence can, for example, be part of a loading plan 76. The assigned loading sequence 78 can be provided and issued at the transport vehicle 10 during the loading process 90.

[0050] While not shown in detail, it is also conceivable that during the loading process 90 and / or during the unloading process, the data processing unit 70 could be used to compare the actual loading position of a loading unit 30 with the assigned loading position and / or the actual loading sequence with the assigned loading sequence 78, based on identified loading units 30. If the actual loading position does not match the assigned loading position or if the actual loading sequence does not match the assigned loading sequence 78, a warning message can be issued. This would reliably prevent incorrect loading and / or unloading, for example.

[0051] In Fig. Figure 3, in connection with the procedure 100 for supporting a loading process 90, schematically indicates that the provision 108 of the cargo 31 intended for loading the loading unit 30 can take place in a cargo unit 33 with a machine-readable identification element 32' for identifying the cargo unit 33 based on a license plate 53 assigned to the cargo unit 33. Furthermore, the assignment 109 of cargo information 54 to the license plate 53 of the cargo unit 33 can be carried out by means of the data processing unit 70.

[0052] The Fig.Figure 10 shows a simplified flow diagram of an automated loading process 90. In this diagram, the data processing unit 70, in addition to the tasks described above, also coordinates an automated loading device 61, for example, an automated forklift. Based on the identifiable loading units 30 and the loading plan 75 with assigned loading positions for the loading units 30 and an assigned loading sequence 78, the loading process 90 can be carried out fully automatically or at least semi-automatically by means of the automated loading device 61. For example, the handling and transport of the loading units 30 can be completely taken over by the automated loading device 61. Reference symbol (part of the description): 1B first charging position 1D third charging position 1E fifth charging position 2B second charging position 2D fourth loading position 2E sixth charging position 10 transport vehicles 11 cargo space 12 Communication device 30 charging units 31 cargo 32 Identification element 32' Identification element 32a radio identification element 32b optical identification element 33 cargo units 34 carriers 50 Identifier 51 Transport information 52 Vehicle information 53 license plates 54 Cargo Information 55 Loading efficiency criterion 56 Driving stability criterion 57 Cargo transport criterion 60 loading personnel 61 Loading device 70 Data processing unit 71 Recording device 72 Identification device 73 Transceiver 74 cloud servers 75 Signal connection 76 Loading plan 77 Data processing 78 Loading sequence 80 Logistics system 90 Loading process 90a Loading process 100 methods to support a loading process 108 Provision of cargo in a cargo unit 109 Assigning cargo information 110 Providing a loading unit loaded with cargo 120 Capturing or providing transport information 130 Capturing or providing vehicle information 140 Assigning a charging position to the charging unit 150 Identification of the charging unit during a charging process 160 Provision and issue of the assigned loading position 170 Assigning a loading sequence to multiple loading units QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] WO 2020 / 176 273 A1

[0003]

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