Method for generating a piping and instrumentation diagram bill of materials for a specific machine using an electronic computing device, computer program product, computer-readable storage medium and electronic computing device

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for generating a piping and instrumentation diagram (PID) bill of materials (12) for a specific machine using an electronic computing device (10), comprising the steps of: providing a variant PID for different variants of the machine using the electronic computing device (10); receiving a requirements list (16) for the specific machine using the electronic computing device (10); generating a specific PID based on the variant PID and the requirements list (16) using the electronic computing device (10); and linking a respective requirement from the specific PID (18) with a piping and instrumentation diagram (20) of the respective requirement using the electronic computing device (10).and generating the piping and instrumentation diagram bill of materials (12) for the specific machine by aggregating the piping and instrumentation diagrams (20) of the requirements using the electronic computing device (10). The invention further relates to a computer program product, a computer-readable storage medium and an electronic computing device (10).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for generating a piping and instrumentation diagram parts list for a specific machine using an electronic computing device according to claim 1. The invention further relates to a corresponding computer program product, a corresponding computer-readable storage medium, and an electronic computing device.

[0002] It is already known from the state of the art that a significant amount of time is spent creating piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs) for process plants. Traditionally, the disciplines of mechanical engineering and process engineering often work independently of each other. This separation leads to the configuration of a plant's mechanical components and the generation of the associated P&ID being carried out in isolation and separately.

[0003] There is no direct link between the two important engineering document types: the bill of materials and the piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID). The level of detail of the plant and the required amount of input data increase considerably from the basic flow diagram to the P&ID. While input and simulation data from so-called flow shedding programs are usually sufficient for creating basic and simplified process flow diagrams, this basic data is insufficient for generating a P&ID.

[0004] This isolated approach results in a P&ID generation process that is heavily reliant on manual steps by a plant designer. Clear rules or methods for linking variant bills of materials and P&IDs are lacking.

[0005] Currently, the problem is solved by configuring the bill of materials (BOM) and the piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) separately. This means the process is not integrated, leading to inconsistencies. The significant additional effort arises because the P&ID is created manually after the BOM is configured. A plant designer must extract the necessary information from the BOM and manually transfer it into a P&ID diagram. This is time-consuming and error-prone, as there is no automated method to directly link the variant BOM with the P&ID.

[0006] The current state of the art does not include a comprehensive solution that integrates and automates the entire process from bill of materials to P&ID creation. Existing solutions are fragmented, requiring engineers to rely on manual data entry and separate configuration. P&ID creation methods are largely based on an engineer's expertise and experience, rather than a systematic or automated approach.

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a method, a computer program product, a computer-readable storage medium, and an electronic computing device that overcome the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, the object of the invention is to provide a method, a computer program product, a computer-readable storage medium, and an electronic computing device by means of which a parts list for piping and instrumentation diagrams can be generated in a substantially automated manner.

[0008] This problem is solved by a method, a corresponding computer program product, a corresponding computer-readable storage medium, and a corresponding electronic computing device according to the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.

[0009] One aspect of the invention relates to a method for generating a piping and instrumentation diagram (PID) bill of materials for a specific machine using an electronic computer. A variant PID for different machine variants is provided by the electronic computer. A requirements list for the specific machine is received by the electronic computer. A specific PID is then generated based on the variant PID and the requirements list by the electronic computer. Each requirement from the specific PID is then linked to a piping and instrumentation diagram corresponding to that requirement by the electronic computer.The piping and instrumentation diagram bill of materials is generated for the specific machine by aggregating the piping and instrumentation diagrams of the respective requirements using the electronic computing device.

[0010] This enables the automated generation of the piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) bill of materials. The P&ID bill of materials can then be used, in turn, to automatically generate a piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID).

[0011] In particular, this allows for the linking of a variant bill of materials, also known as a 150 percent list, thus enabling the parallel configuration of a bill of materials and the piping and instrumentation diagram. Furthermore, the concept of piping and instrumentation diagram components, as well as their automated determination, size, and placement within the variant bill of materials, is provided.

[0012] In particular, as already mentioned, the piping and instrumentation diagram (PID) can be generated based on the bill of materials. Based on the generated PID, corresponding output signals can then be created, enabling the plant to be manufactured. In other words, control signals for a manufacturing facility can be generated based on the PID, specifically for the fluidic connection of the components and their spatial arrangement. Furthermore, a parts list for the piping can be generated based on the PID, and an order for the warning can be automatically placed.

[0013] A piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is a type of diagram commonly used in the process industry. The diagram illustrates the piping and measuring instrumentation for a processing system, such as a chemical plant or an oil refinery. A piping and instrumentation diagram typically includes the following elements: Piping, the pipes through which fluids (such as liquids, gases, or slurries) are transported through the system, is represented by lines on the diagram. The lines are labeled with symbols and text to provide information about the piping, such as diameter, material, fluid type, and flow direction. Measuring instrumentation encompasses all the devices used to measure or control the process flow and is also shown on the diagram. This includes, for example, sensors, indicators, valves, and controllers.These elements are also labeled with symbols and text to convey information about their function, type, and setting parameters. Piping and instrumentation diagrams are created during the planning and design phase of a process system and are used throughout the system's lifecycle as a reference for maintenance, inspection, and modification. They are therefore an important tool for communication between different disciplines such as process engineering, design, automation, and operations.

[0014] In particular, the invention provides for the use of the variant bill of materials, which provides different variants of products or systems in variant management. The variant bill of materials, also known as a complex bill of materials or 150 percent EBOM (Engineering Bill of Materials), is an essential component of variant management in plant engineering. It enables the representation of all product variants by presenting them structurally and in a summarized manner, thus allowing the definition of variants within variants. This ensures a high degree of flexibility when adapting systems to specific customer requirements or operating conditions.

[0015] The requirements list, in turn, can be generated on a customer-specific basis. For example, the customer can select different variants or optional components, which are then listed in the requirements list. In other words, the customer can configure a specific machine from the multitude of different machine variants. The requirements list describes the customer's specific selection for a particular machine. It can include specific technical specifications, such as pump capacities, water tank sizes, and the like. Furthermore, the requirements list can also include colors or other information not relevant to the piping and instrumentation diagrams.

[0016] It is now planned that, based on the variant bill of materials in conjunction with the requirements list, the specific bill of materials for the specific machine can be created according to customer requirements.

[0017] According to an advantageous implementation, each requirement in the requirements list is checked for its relevance to the piping and instrumentation diagram (PID), and only requirements relevant to the PID are linked to a PID representation. For example, the corresponding sizes of water tanks or pump capacities can be classified as relevant to the PID. Colors or paints, on the other hand, can be classified as irrelevant. In particular, each item within the bill of materials (BOM) is checked for its relevance, i.e., whether it contains information relevant to the PID. BOM items such as paints, oils, or software components are not relevant to the PID and are therefore disregarded.

[0018] Another advantageous implementation involves using a large-language model to verify relevance. Specifically, this large-language model is provided as a tool that evaluates whether a requirement is relevant to piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs) based on the bill of materials (BOM) naming convention. For example, to evaluate the capabilities of the large-language model, BOM items relevant to piping and instrumentation diagrams can be distinguished from those not relevant based on their naming conventions. This allows for an empirical analysis using extensive, manually classified BOM datasets. The large-language model receives the prompt "Is this asset relevant to piping and instrumentation diagrams? Answer yes or no."The model demonstrates particularly high reliability in its discrimination capabilities. Validation is achieved by comparing the LLM outputs with manually classified data, confirming the LLM's suitability for this task. A large language model (LLM) is a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI) trained on massive amounts of text data to generate human-like speech. These models can understand and respond to natural language input by mimicking human conversational style, enabling them to be used for a wide range of applications such as text generation, translation, summarizing, and question answering. Large language models are typically built using deep learning techniques such as recurrent neural networks (RNNs) or transformers, which allow the models to learn complex patterns and dependencies in the training data.The larger the model and the more data it has been trained on, the better its ability to generate coherent and natural-sounding speech.

[0019] Another advantageous design involves considering fixed components and / or mandatory variants in the specific bill of materials (BOM). Several BOM item types are incorporated, particularly in structuring the product variants. Fixed components are those present in every version of the device. Mandatory variants must be selected and are each grouped by a variant node in the BOM. This ensures reliable BOM generation. Furthermore, quantity variants—that is, variants where the quantity is variable and a specific quantity can be configured—can also be included in the BOM item types.

[0020] Another advantageous design allows for the inclusion of variable and / or optional components in the specific bill of materials (BOM), depending on the requirements list. In particular, a corresponding variant can be selected under a variant node. Optional components are not strictly necessary but are available. Furthermore, quantity variables can also appear in a derived configuration. This ensures a reliable determination of the BOM.

[0021] In a further advantageous embodiment, functionally substitutable components are disregarded in the specific bill of materials. These components are not relevant to the function of the piping and instrumentation diagram (PID), such as paints or oils, and therefore do not represent functional variation. Consequently, these functionally substitutable components can be omitted from the PID. This allows for the reliable generation of a corresponding bill of materials for the PID.

[0022] In a further advantageous embodiment, a requirement relevant to the piping and instrumentation diagram is represented by at least one component. For example, the requirement for a water tank can be represented by a corresponding symbol for a water tank. This can then be included in the bill of materials, and the corresponding diagram can be reliably created later based on this representation.

[0023] Another advantageous implementation involves aggregating a piping and instrumentation diagram (PID)-relevant requirement, consisting of at least two components, as a cohesive assembly in the PID bill of materials. This allows, for example, a requirement to consist of multiple components. For instance, the requirement for a pump could include the pump itself, along with its associated connections and their dimensions. Thus, a single requirement can reliably provide a component group that is interdependent and therefore cannot be separated. This enables the assembly to be used based on a single requirement, thereby generating the PID bill of materials in a simple and largely automated manner.

[0024] It has proven advantageous to generate a piping and instrumentation diagram (PID) based on the PID bill of materials. In particular, the PID bill of materials, especially in the form of the corresponding instrumentation diagram, can be used to generate the PID. This can be automated, for example, by artificial intelligence. Thus, the PID can be generated directly from the PID bill of materials.

[0025] In a further advantageous embodiment, the parts list for the piping and instrumentation diagram (PID) and / or a PID generated from it are displayed on a screen of the electronic computer. In particular, this can be displayed as a fluidic diagram. This allows, for example, a user of the electronic computer to view the corresponding diagram in order to make further adjustments or to confirm the correctness of the generated PID. A so-called best-fit algorithm can be used for this purpose. Specifically, this enables the identification and positioning of components from the PID.Best-fit algorithms can be used for this purpose, as this only serves the visual representation of the final result. The functional grouping within the bill of materials has a particular influence here.

[0026] It has proven advantageous to generate the piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) bill of materials as a Proteus XML file. This allows for a uniform standard for data exchange throughout the entire lifecycle of a plant. Specifically, corresponding P&ID snippets for each component can be enriched in the form of Proteus XML files. Once the bill of materials is available, the included components and their P&ID snippets are linked. The result is another Proteus XML file that reflects the entire bill of materials and represents a configured, 100% complete piping and instrumentation diagram. This final Proteus XML file can then be imported into systems such as Plan-LM.

[0027] It has proven advantageous to provide a piping and instrumentation diagram for each requirement with at least one connection interface. This ensures that, in addition to the diagram itself, the connection interfaces are also taken into account. These interfaces can include, for example, the size of the connection type, the circumference of the connection, or corresponding coupling options. Furthermore, the connection interface can also specify, for instance, which fluid is required at the respective location to ensure reliable integration with other requirements.

[0028] The presented method is, in particular, a computer-implemented method. Therefore, a further aspect of the invention relates to a computer program product with program code means which, when the program code means are executed by the electronic computing device, cause a method according to the preceding aspect to be carried out.

[0029] Furthermore, the invention also relates to a computer-readable storage medium containing at least the computer program product according to the preceding aspect.

[0030] A further aspect of the invention relates to an electronic computing device for generating a parts list for piping and instrumentation diagrams, wherein the electronic computing device is configured to carry out a method according to the preceding aspect. In particular, the method is carried out by means of the electronic computing device.

[0031] Advantageous embodiments of the process are to be regarded as advantageous embodiments of the computer program product, the computer-readable storage medium, and the electronic computing device. The electronic computing device possesses tangible features to enable the execution of the corresponding process steps.

[0032] A computing unit / electronic computing device can be understood, in particular, as a data processing device containing a processing circuit. The computing unit can therefore process data to perform arithmetic operations. This may also include operations to perform indexed access to a data structure, such as a lookup table (LUT).

[0033] The computing unit may, in particular, contain one or more computers, one or more microcontrollers, and / or one or more integrated circuits, for example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and / or one or more systems on a chip (SoCs). The computing unit may also contain one or more processors, for example, one or more microprocessors, one or more central processing units (CPUs), one or more graphics processing units (GPUs), and / or one or more signal processors, in particular one or more digital signal processors (DSPs). The computing unit may also include a physical or virtual array of computers or other units of the aforementioned type.

[0034] In various embodiments, the computing unit includes one or more hardware and / or software interfaces and / or one or more storage units.

[0035] A storage unit can be volatile data storage, for example as dynamic random access memory (DRAM) or static random access memory (SRAM), or as non-volatile data storage, for example as read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or flash EEPROM, ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), or magnetoresistive random access memory.It can be designed as MRAM (magnetoresistive random access memory) or as phase-change random access memory, PCRAM (phase-change random access memory).

[0036] Here and in the following, an artificial neural network can be understood as software code stored on a computer-readable storage medium that represents one or more interconnected artificial neurons or can replicate their function. The software code can also contain multiple software code components, which may, for example, have different functions. In particular, an artificial neural network can implement a nonlinear model or a nonlinear algorithm that maps an input to an output, where the input is given by an input feature vector or an input sequence, and the output may, for example, include a category for a classification task, one or more predicted values, or a predicted sequence.

[0037] For use cases or application situations that may arise in a method according to the invention and that are not explicitly described herein, it may be provided that, according to the method, an error message and / or a request for user feedback is issued and / or a default setting and / or a predetermined initial state is set.

[0038] Regardless of the grammatical gender of a particular term, persons with male, female or other gender identities are included.

[0039] Further features and combinations of features of the invention will become apparent from the figures and their descriptions, as well as from the claims. In particular, further embodiments of the invention need not necessarily include all features of any one of the claims. Further embodiments of the invention may have features or combinations of features that are not mentioned in the claims.

[0040] This shows: Fig. 1 a schematic block diagram according to an embodiment of an electronic computing device for carrying out an embodiment of the method; Fig. 2. A schematic flowchart according to one embodiment of the method; and Fig. 3. Another schematic flowchart according to one embodiment of the method.

[0041] In the figures, identical or functionally equivalent elements are provided with the same reference symbols.

[0042] Fig. Figure 1 shows a schematic block diagram according to an embodiment of an electronic computing device 10 for generating a piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) bill of materials 12 for a specific machine. According to one embodiment of the invention, a variant P&ID 14 for different variants of the machine is provided by the electronic computing device 10. A requirements list 16 for the specific machine is received by the electronic computing device 10. A specific P&ID 18 is generated by the electronic computing device 10 based on the variant P&ID 14 and the requirements list 16. Each requirement from the specific P&ID 18 is linked to a piping and instrumentation diagram 20 of the respective requirement by the electronic computing device 10.The piping and instrumentation diagram bill of materials 12 for the specific machine is then generated by aggregating the piping and instrumentation diagrams 20 of the requirements using the electronic computing device 10.

[0043] In the following embodiment, the electronic computing device 10 also includes a display device 22, for example in the form of a display. The piping and instrumentation diagram parts list 12 can be displayed on the display device 22.

[0044] Furthermore, it may be provided, for example, that a piping and instrumentation diagram 24 is generated on the basis of the piping and instrumentation diagram bill of materials 12, which can also be displayed on the display device 22.

[0045] Furthermore, the Fig. 1, that the electronic computing device can have a large language model 26.

[0046] Fig. Figure 2 shows a schematic flowchart according to one embodiment of the method. In the present embodiment, a so-called head element 28 is shown in particular, which describes, for example, the machine. Furthermore, the Fig. 2. Several bill of materials (BOM) item types are incorporated into the structuring of the product variants. In particular, so-called fixed components (F), which are present in every machine configuration, can be included. Furthermore, mandatory variants (V) are provided, which must be selected and are each grouped by a variant node (VK) in the BOM 18. A variant (V) must be selected under this variant node (VK). Optional components (O) are not strictly required but are available. Quantity variants can occur in variable quantities within a derived configuration. Functionally substitutable modular systems (FSS) can group non-functional configurations of all requirements and therefore do not represent functional variance.

[0047] This shows Fig. 2. In particular, that the specific bill of materials 18 can be generated accordingly. Furthermore, the corresponding piping and instrumentation diagrams 20 are shown. These are now incorporated into the piping and instrumentation diagram bill of materials 12. In particular, it can be provided that the corresponding piping and instrumentation diagrams can then be displayed as Proteus XML files.

[0048] The Fig. Figure 2 further shows that, based on the piping and instrumentation diagram (PID) parts list 12, for example, a definition of the piping network elements 30 can be carried out. The piping and instrumentation diagram 24 is then generated, in particular by means of artificial intelligence 32, for example also by means of a large language model.

[0049] This shows Fig. 2. In particular, the integration of the piping and instrumentation diagram representation 20 into the variant parts list 14 is exemplified. The algorithm starts with the so-called header element 28 of the parts list 18 and determines the set of all sub-items. It then checks whether at least one sub-item has R and I relevance, which is the case here.

[0050] Analogous to the mechanical 150 / 100% EBOM, the P&ID plays a central role in describing the machine's plant structure and subsequently acts as a link between the bill of materials items and the process engineering representations of the instruments. A general modularization strategy for the P&ID is provided to meaningfully link it as "P&ID modules" with the bill of materials (BOM) and create a consistent, cross-disciplinary variant structure. The goal is to generate a linked variant structure for the P&ID, analogous to the variant BOM (150% EBOM). This enables, during requirements gathering, not only the configuration of BOMs (BOMs) to meet requirements but also the concurrent configuration of the relevant P&ID modules.

[0051] The methodology for creating and linking the P&ID components with the Bill of Materials (BOM) 18 is based on the ProteusXML standard. This standard enables precise differentiation of the P&ID sub-areas within the interdisciplinary BOM 18 and the implementation of the P&ID component concept. The basis for the P&ID components is the modeling of the P&ID in a process planning tool that can export P&IDs in ProteusXML format. The conversion allows the direct linking of the ProteusXML code as a BOM item attribute (in the form of a string) in the interdisciplinary variant BOM 14 (150% EBOM). P&ID components are represented by at least one element of the "Equipment" class in ProteusXML. The connection of the components during configuration using a defined Piping Network System, in particular the Piping and Instrumentation Diagram 24, is based on the foundations established here.

[0052] The in Fig. The algorithmic process shown in section 3 for identifying and linking P&ID components with variant bills of materials begins with initialization, in which the header element 28 of the bill of materials SPos x SPos1 is requested. The quantity of sub-items is then determined according to formula 1. P(SPosx)={SPosi|SPosi is a subposition of SPosx}

[0053] A sub-position SPos i Each bill of materials (BOM) item is directly subordinate to SPos. When initially viewing SPos, this includes every other BOM item within BOM 18, since the header element 28 is the only item at the top level of the BOM structure.

[0054] Each sub-position SPos i ∈P(SPos xThe material is checked for R&I relevance, i.e., whether it contains R&I-relevant information. Bill of materials items such as paints, oils, or software components are not R&I-relevant. Here, the Large Language Model (LLM) is used as a tool, which evaluates, based on the bill of materials item name, whether an asset, i.e., a requirement, has R&I relevance.

[0055] To evaluate the ability of a linear flow manager (LLM) to distinguish between piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID)-relevant and non-P&ID-relevant BOM items based on their naming, an empirical analysis is conducted using extensive, manually classified BOM datasets. The LLM receives the prompt: "Is this asset relevant to piping and instrumentation diagrams? Answer yes or no." The model demonstrates high reliability (over 98% accuracy) in the differentiation. Validation is performed by comparing the LLM outputs with the manually classified data, confirming the LLM's suitability for this task.

[0056] The LLM iteratively checks all sub-items SPos i ∈P(SPos x ) one after the other, until a bill of materials (BOM) item relevant for R&I is identified or all sub-items have been checked. This process can be fully automated or performed manually using a "human-in-the-loop" procedure. If no R&I-relevant sub-item is found under SPos, SPos i Once identified, a check is performed to see if there are any bill of materials items not yet considered (see formula 2). ∃SPosx+|P(SPosx)|+1

[0057] If no further bill of materials (BOM) item exists to be considered, the linking process is complete. Otherwise, the next BOM item is defined according to formula 3. SPosx = SPosx + |P(SPosx)| + 1

[0058] If a P&I-relevant sub-item SPos i ∈P(SPos x If identified, a check is carried out to see if SPos xVariance exists. This is the case when bill of materials (BOM) items of type variant node, quantity variant, or optional variant exist. FSB (Full Bill of Materials) items are not considered technical variance. If variance is below SPos (Single Items), it is not considered technical variance. x before, the one directly under SPos x lying position SPos x+1 The process is examined and checked for variance. This recursive process repeats until a bill of materials (BOM) item is reached where no variance exists. As soon as there is no variance under SPos x If available, all R&I-relevant information from the sub-items SPos i ∈P(SPos x ) in the form of equipment descriptions in ProteusXML format as an attribute in the form of a string with SPos x linked.

[0059] The process ends once all relevant bill of materials (BOM) items have been processed and the linking is complete. This algorithmic process ensures the systematic and efficient identification and linking of P&ID components with variant BOMs to establish a consistent and interdisciplinary variant structure.

[0060] Fig. Figure 2 shows an example of the integration of P&ID components into a variant bill of materials 14 according to the Fig. The logic described in section 3 is used. The algorithm starts at the header element 28 of the bill of materials 18 and determines the set of all sub-items (see formula 1). It then checks whether at least one sub-item has R&I relevance, which is the case here. Subsequently, a variance check is performed. Since, for example, SPos3 is a variant node VK, no R&I block is linked to the header element 28, and SPos is considered next. The algorithm recursively executes this process until it reaches SPos4. At this point, neither a variant node VK, nor a set variant M, nor an optional variant O is considered.

[0061] Sub-items are identified. Therefore, the P&ID component, which contains the P&ID-relevant information from SPos 4-6 bundles, linked to SPos4. The algorithm continues at SPos7 according to formula 3. Variance is also identified here, which is why it proceeds to SPos8, to which another R&I component is linked. At SPos 15The LLM recognizes that no process asset is present, therefore no P&ID module is linked here. With SPos 16 , which represents a functionally substitutable modular system (FSB), the R&I module is directly linked, since according to the FSB definition a functional differentiation between SPos 17 and SPos 18 This is not permitted, and therefore no differentiation may take place in the piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID). The linking process is thus complete. The P&ID components are automatically linked to the variant bill of materials 14 in their optimal size. They represent the individual pieces of equipment, including the standardized connection interfaces, which in the subsequent configuration process serve to connect the individual pieces of equipment of the P&ID components to each other via pipe networks. The linking of the variant bill of materials 14 and the P&ID forms the basis for a parallel configuration of the piping and instrumentation diagram 24.

[0062] Fig.Figure 3, as mentioned previously, shows a schematic flowchart according to one embodiment of the method. In the first step, S1, initialization takes place. In particular, the variant bill of materials 14 is requested accordingly. In the second step, S2, the quantity of the sub-items is determined. In the third step, S3, it is checked whether there is R and I relevance. If this is not the case, the process proceeds to a fourth step, S4, which does not create a link. If R and I relevance exists, the process proceeds from the third step, S3, to a fifth step, S5. The fifth step, S5, checks whether there is a further variant under the bill of materials item. If this is not the case, the process proceeds to a sixth step, S6, which links the R and I modules accordingly. If this is the case, a seventh step, S7, is performed, which determines the next bill of materials item.Starting from step seven, S7, the process can proceed back to step two, S2. From step six, S6, and step four, S4, it can be checked whether there are any open bill of materials (BOM) items, as shown here by step eight, S8. If so, the process returns from step eight, S8, to step seven, S7. If no open BOM items remain, the process proceeds to step nine, S9, at which point the link is completed and, in particular, the piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) BOM 12 is generated. Reference symbol list 10 electronic computing equipment 12 Piping and Instrumentation Flowchart Bill of Materials 14 Variant Bill of Materials 16 Requirements list 18 specific parts list 20 Piping and instrumentation flow diagram 22 Display device 24 Piping and Instrumentation Flowcharts 26 large language model 28 Head element 30 pipeline network elements 32 artificial intelligence F Solid component V Mandatory variant VK variant node O optional component FSB functionally substitutable modular system M Quantity variant S1 to S9 Steps of the procedure

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