Valve

Abstract

Valve, comprising at least a valve body (2) and a valve seat (3), wherein the valve body (2) is movable along a slide axis (5) in the valve seat (3), wherein the valve body (2) comprises a control slide (4), wherein the control slide (4) has a sealing surface (6) which is at a first angle (26) to the slide axis (5), wherein the control slide (4) further comprises an impact surface (7) axially spaced from the sealing surface (6) and at a second angle (27) between 45° and 90° to the slide axis (5), wherein the valve seat (3) has a sealing edge (8) opposite the sealing surface (6), wherein the valve seat (3) further comprises a deflecting surface (9) axially spaced from the sealing edge (8) and transverse to the impact surface (7) of the control slide (4), wherein the sealing surface (6) and the impact surface (7) are oriented to the slide axis (5) are oriented in the same way.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a valve comprising at least one valve body and one valve seat. The valve seat can, in particular, be used in a multi-way valve.

[0002] Valve seats and valve bodies, particularly in multi-way valves, serve to open and / or close different paths for a fluid, especially a pressurized fluid, within a valve housing. The fluid paths are frequently switched, so the valve body is often moved back and forth within the valve seat or housing. To close a path, the valve body is pressed against corresponding surfaces of the valve seat or housing. To open a path, the valve body is moved away from the valve seat or housing. When a path opens, flow forces can occur that create a suction effect. The fluid is forced through an opening gap and then into a larger area where it can expand and release pressure. This locally accelerates the fluid, causing the suction effect.The suction effect acts in the opposite direction to the opening direction of the valve and thus creates a closing force on the valve body that must be overcome every time the valve is opened.

[0003] In DE 19509145 B4, a thickening on the control valve is described as a lifting aid which, together with a sleeve that acts as a flow deflector, enables partial compensation of the flow force. This design generates a high pressure loss due to the deflector ring. Furthermore, the compensation of the flow force is only possible to a very limited extent.

[0004] Especially when the valve is frequently switched, meaning the valve body is often moved back and forth to open or close a path for the fluid, these forces occur frequently and must be overcome each time. These closing forces must be overcome with every switching operation. This requires an actuating force that exceeds this closing force. Therefore, with (electro-)magnetic actuation of the valve, large and thus expensive magnets and high switching energy are necessary. If this is not available, only reduced flow rates or pressure ranges can be switched. Thus, the problem arises that closing forces at valve seats can lead to losses in efficiency or switching performance.

[0005] The object of the present invention is to alleviate, at least in part, the problems described with reference to the prior art.

[0006] In particular, the aim is to enable the most comprehensive possible compensation of flow forces with a small valve stroke and very small area difference. Furthermore, cost reduction and / or a reduction in installation space are also desired for such valve arrangements.

[0007] These problems are at least partially solved by the features of the independent claims. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims. It should be noted that features listed individually in the claims can be combined with one another in any technologically meaningful way and define further embodiments of the invention. Furthermore, the features specified in the claims are further specified and explained in the description, which also presents further preferred embodiments of the invention.

[0008] A valve comprising a valve body and a valve seat contributes to solving this problem. The valve body is movable along a slide axis within the valve seat, and the valve body includes a control slide. The control slide has a sealing surface oriented at a first angle to the slide axis. The control slide further comprises an impact surface axially spaced from the sealing surface and oriented at a first angle between 45° and 90° to the slide axis. The valve seat has a sealing edge opposite the sealing surface. The valve seat further comprises a deflecting surface axially spaced from the sealing edge and perpendicular to the impact surface of the control slide. The sealing surface and the impact surface are oriented in the same direction relative to the slide axis.

[0009] The valve is designed to be used as a single-way or multi-way valve. In particular, it is possible to integrate or attach the valve as a component within another component or machine. The valve body is externally controllable; specifically, it is possible to connect an actuator or unit to the valve body that can exert a force on the valve body, thus enabling the valve to be switched. In particular, this allows the path of a (pressurized) fluid through the valve to be changed, i.e., opened or closed (partially or completely).

[0010] The valve comprises a valve body and a valve seat. The valve seat has inlets and / or outlets for the fluid. The inlets and / or outlets can be connected to fluid channels. The valve seat can be a single piece or multi-piece, particularly a two-piece design with at least partial symmetry. It is also possible for the valve seat to have mounting points so that it can be attached to other components (for example, a valve housing). The valve body can be located within the valve seat. The valve seat can be located within a valve housing. The valve body is preferably movable and controllable from the outside. It is possible for an (electrical) actuator and / or motor, etc., to be attached externally to the valve seat or the valve housing, which acts on the valve body so that it can be moved back and forth within the valve seat along a defined axis.The control of the valve body can be achieved, for example, hydraulically, pneumatically, (electro-)magnetically and / or (electro-)mechanically.

[0011] The valve body is movable (back and forth) within the valve seat along a slide axis. Preferably, the valve body is an elongated cylindrical body guided in one or more valve seats, allowing it to move along its longitudinal axis. Preferably, the longitudinal axis of the valve body is the slide axis, so that the valve body can only move back and forth. This preferably allows only axial movement of the valve body within the valve seat.

[0012] The valve body has a control spool or control spool section. The control spool is preferably formed as a section of the valve body. Particularly preferably, the control spool is part of the valve body. The valve body can have different sections. Preferably, the valve body has guide sections at its ends, which are preferably characterized by cylindrical areas. Preferably, the control spool is formed in a central section along the longitudinal axis of the valve body. Preferably, connecting sections are formed on the valve body between the guide sections and the control spool. The control spool can be formed as a thickening on the valve body and have sealing surfaces with sealing elements.

[0013] The control slide can be configured on one or both sides of the valve body. A one-sided control slide can have only one sealing surface with a sealing element. In this case, the valve can only switch between an open and a closed state, where the control slide of the valve body is either pressed against the valve seat to close the valve or held away from the valve seat to open the valve. A two-sided control slide can have two sealing surfaces with sealing elements. Preferably, in a two-sided control slide, sealing surfaces with sealing elements are provided on opposite sides.A valve seat with a double-sided control spool can be used as a multi-way valve, in which the valve body can be held in the valve seat in such a way that either one or the other, or neither side of the control spool, is sealed against the valve seat. The following refers to a single-sided control spool. However, all embodiments and configurations are also applicable analogously to a double-sided control spool.

[0014] The valve body preferably has at least one sealing surface. The sealing surface can be a region of the control spool that can conform to areas of the valve seat to seal a path within the valve. It is possible that the sealing surface is part of the valve body and thus made of the same material. It is also possible that a different (especially sealing) material or sealing element is provided in the area of ​​the sealing surface. The sealing surface can have a first angle to the spool axis. Preferably, this first angle is measured between the rear side of the sealing surface and the spool axis. Preferably, the sealing surface forms a leading edge of the control spool or is arranged such that, during an axial displacement of the valve body towards the valve seat, the valve body can contact a sealing edge of the valve seat with the sealing surface.

[0015] The control valve can further have an impact surface axially spaced from the sealing surface, which is set at a second angle between 30° and 90° to the valve axis. Preferably, the second angle is between 50° and 70°. Preferably, the second angle is measured between the rear side of the impact surface and the valve axis. A surface with such a preferred second angle can also provide a region in which a fluid flowing past the sealing surface when the valve seat opens is advantageously deflected. The impact surface can, in particular, be designed so that a (guided) fluid flow impinges on the control valve.

[0016] The valve seat can have a sealing edge opposite the sealing surface (radially and / or axially). Preferably, the sealing edge is a circumferential inner edge of the valve seat against which the control spool of the valve body can be supported to enable a sealing effect. The sealing edge can be oriented relative to the sealing surface in such a way that, when the valve closes, it establishes a substantially continuous and sealing contact along a band or line. The sealing edge can have a sealing material or sealing element in its edge region so that irregularities in the contact between the sealing edge and the sealing surface can be compensated for.

[0017] The valve seat can have a deflecting surface axially spaced from the sealing edge. Preferably, the deflecting surface can be oriented transversely to the impact surface of the control valve. In particular, the deflecting surface can have a third angle of 75° ±20° [degrees], especially ±5°, to the impact surface of the control valve. Preferably, a fluid flowing through the valve seat can thus be guided through the deflecting surface and deflected towards the impact surface. In particular, the deflecting surface and the impact surface together can define a fluid path.

[0018] Thus, it is possible that the control slide of the valve body, together with the valve seat, can further influence the fluid flowing through it. In particular, the impact surface and the deflection surface are component surfaces that are coordinated so that, after passing between the sealing surface and the sealing edge, the fluid is guided in a controlled manner through the valve seat, preventing uncontrolled flows and / or turbulence.

[0019] The sealing surface and the impact surface are oriented in the same direction relative to the valve axis, meaning they are spatially inclined in a similar direction. Therefore, the pressure of the applied or flowing fluid, particularly in the closed position, exerts a force on the sealing surface that has a directional component similar to the force exerted by the fluid on the impact surface. In other words, the impact surface is designed to generate a force in the direction of the valve body's opening movement when the fluid flows across it during opening.

[0020] Preferably, this advantageous flow path for the fluid can be further improved. In particular, the fluid can first be diverted at the sealing surface and guided past the sealing edge. Furthermore, it is possible for the fluid to be guided at the impact surface in a similar direction to that which it already assumed at the sealing edge. Especially in conjunction with the deflection surface, the fluid can thus first be diverted radially at the sealing edge, then axially diverted at the deflection surface, and then again radially diverted at the impact surface. In particular, such an advantageous diversion of the fluid at the impact surface can exert an axial force on the control spool and thus on the valve body. Specifically, it is possible to counteract or compensate for closing forces that can arise between the sealing surface and the sealing edge when the valve seat opens.

[0021] The first angle between the sealing surface and the valve axis may be in a range of 30° to 60°. The sealing surface may be almost parallel to the impact surface. Preferably, the sealing surface and the impact surface are inclined to each other by a maximum of 15°. In particular, the sealing surface and the impact surface are preferably oriented such that they exert the same deflection on the fluid flowing through the valve seat.

[0022] It is possible for the sealing surface to define a first guide axis and the deflection surface to define a deflection axis. The surfaces define the axes particularly when they are (largely) parallel to each other. The deflection axis and the first guide axis can have a fifth angle greater than 90° to each other. Preferably, the fifth angle between the guide axis and the deflection axis is not greater than 150°. In particular, the fifth angle between the deflection axis and the first guide axis is selected such that the fluid in the valve seat is directed towards the impact surface. Preferably, the fifth angle is selected such that, in conjunction with the third and fourth angles, the fluid flowing through it follows a path capable of generating an axial force that can almost compensate for the closing force generated during opening. Preferably, the axial force is not greater than the closing force.

[0023] It is possible for the valve seat to form a first bend between the sealing edge and the deflecting surface. Preferably, the first bend in the valve seat is designed such that a first cavity is formed between the first guide axis and the valve body, in which the fluid can spread. The first bend may be arc-shaped. It is possible for the first bend to be kinked or to form a sharp edge. Preferably, the fluid flows mainly along the first guide axis to the deflecting surface. Fluid can accumulate in a vortex-like pattern in the first cavity of the first bend. It is possible for the first cavity to initially widen along the first guide axis, starting at the sealing surface, and then narrow again towards the deflecting surface. Thus, the first cavity has its greatest extent between the deflecting surface and the sealing surface along the first guide axis.

[0024] It is possible that the valve housing has a second inlet edge axially removed from the sealing surface of the valve body.

[0025] The control valve may have a first guide edge and a first inlet edge. The first guide edge and the first inlet edge can define a straight or curved (in particular, conical or spherical) section of the control valve, with the sealing surface located on the straight or curved section. In particular, the straight or curved section extends along the first guide axis. If the curved section has a radius, this radius is such that the first guide axis is tangentially aligned with it. The straight or curved section preferably serves to deflect fluid flowing into the valve seat and direct it to the deflection surface. In particular, the straight or curved section is designed such that at least the sealing surface has a flat or curved surface. The remainder of the straight section is preferably in line with the sealing surface.In particular, the straight section has no jumps, undercuts or the like.

[0026] It is possible that the first inlet edge of the valve body and the second inlet edge of the valve seat define an inlet. The inlet can widen radially in the axial direction away from the valve axis. Preferably, the path for the fluid towards the inlet is narrowed. It is possible that the geometry of the inlet accelerates the fluid before it can flow between the sealing surface and the sealing edge. It is possible that the inlet is defined, in particular, by the straight or curved section following the first inlet edge, as well as by an inlet end section following the second inlet edge.

[0027] It is possible for the control slide of the valve body to form a second knee, which is bounded by the first guide edge and the impact surface. Preferably, the second knee is designed such that a second cavity is formed between the first guide axis, the deflection axis, and the valve housing, into which the fluid can spread. The second knee may be arc-shaped. It is possible for the second knee to be kinked or to form a sharp edge. Preferably, the fluid flows mainly along the deflection axis toward the impact surface. Fluid can accumulate in a vortex-like pattern in the second cavity of the second knee. It is possible for the second cavity to initially widen along the first guide axis, starting at the first guide edge, and then narrow again toward the impact surface. Thus, the second cavity has its greatest extent between the impact surface and the first guide edge along the deflection axis.

[0028] It is possible that a second guide edge is arranged downstream of the impact surface of the valve body, facing away from the second knee. The perpendicular distance of the first guide edge to the valve axis can be smaller than the perpendicular distance of the second guide edge to the valve axis. In particular, the fluid path can be predetermined such that, after being deflected at the deflection surface of the valve seat, it strikes the impact surface of the control valve to generate an axial force.

[0029] It is possible that a discharge edge is arranged on the valve housing following the deflection surface and opposite the second knee. It is possible that the discharge edge and the impact surface define a discharge area. Preferably, the discharge widens axially in a radial direction away from the valve axis. It is possible that, after impact on the impact surface, the fluid is directed into an area where it can spread out, relax, and decelerate.

[0030] It is possible that the second guide edge of the valve body is located further away perpendicular to the slide axis than any part of the first knee at the valve seat. It is possible that, as the fluid passes through the valve, it can only fully expand radially within the valve after impacting the impact surface. Until this point, the fluid is radially confined by the valve seat.

[0031] It is possible for a knee entry surface to be located between the first knee and the sealing edge. The knee entry surface can have a fourth angle of greater than 15°, particularly 30°, to the straight section. Preferably, the knee entry surface is an area adjacent to the sealing edge, oriented to the sealing surface of the control valve such that the fluid flowing between the sealing edge and the sealing surface is directed to the deflecting surface. The knee entry surface and the entry section can be at a sixth angle of 90° + 30°, - 10° (i.e., 80° - 120°), particularly ± 5°, to each other.

[0032] The valve can be formed as a single unit with the valve body. In particular, the valve body exhibits all the geometries already described in relation to the valve seat. Thus, it is possible for the valve body itself to be the valve seat.

[0033] The invention and its technical context are explained in more detail below with reference to three figures. The illustrations are schematic and not intended to demonstrate scale relationships. The explanations given with reference to individual details of the figure can be extracted and freely combined with information from the preceding description, unless a person skilled in the art would necessarily conclude otherwise, or such a combination is explicitly excluded. The figures schematically depict: Fig. 1: a sectional view of the valve seat, Fig. 2: a detailed view A of the valve seat in the open position during operation, and Fig. 3 A detailed view A of the valve seat in the closed state.

[0034] Fig. Figure 1 shows a sectional view of the valve with a valve housing 1. A valve body 2 and a valve seat 3 are arranged in the valve housing 1. The valve body 2 is arranged in the valve seat 3. The valve body 2 is slidably held in the valve seat 3.

[0035] Fig. Figure 2 shows a detailed view A, in which the outlines of the valve body 2 and the valve seat 3 are shown. In particular, detailed view A shows the outlines of a control slide 4 of the valve body 2 and the valve seat 3 in an open state or a state during the opening of the valve. To illustrate this, a (pressurized) fluid flowing through the valve seat 3 is also indicated.

[0036] It can be seen how an inlet 12 forms an entrance to the valve seat 3. The inlet 12 is bounded by a first inlet edge 21 on the control slide 4 and a second inlet edge 23 on the valve seat 1. The inlet 12 is further narrowed, in particular by a straight or curved section 15 adjoining the first inlet edge 21 and an inlet end section 31 adjoining the second inlet edge 23. A narrowest point is formed in a region on the straight or curved section 15 where a sealing surface 6 is arranged.

[0037] The control valve 4 has a sealing surface 6 which is at a first angle 26 to the valve axis 5, wherein the control valve 4 further has an impact surface 7 axially spaced from the sealing surface 6, which is at a first angle 26 between 45° and 90° to the valve axis 5. The control valve 6 further has an impact surface 7 axially spaced from the sealing surface 6, which is at a second angle 27 between 30° and 90° to the valve axis 5.

[0038] Opposite the sealing surface 6, a corresponding sealing edge 8 is arranged on the valve seat 3. A knee-shaped inlet surface 25 adjoins the sealing edge 8 on the valve seat 3. The knee-shaped inlet surface 25 and the inlet section 31 are at a sixth angle 32 of approximately 90° to each other. This allows for a concentration and narrowing from the inlet 12 towards the narrowest point between the sealing edge 8 and the sealing surface 6, followed by a widening and expansion. The widening is indicated by a fourth angle 29, which lies between the knee-shaped inlet surface 25 and the straight or curved section 15 and is greater than 15°. The straight or curved section 15 extends further to a first guide edge 22. A first guide axis 18 also extends along the straight or curved section 15. The first guide axis 18 intersects the valve housing 3 at a deflection surface 9.The fluid is guided along the first guide axis 18 to the deflection surface 9, where it is deflected.

[0039] A first knee 10 adjoins the knee entry surface 25 of the valve seat 3 and terminates at the deflection surface 9. The deflection surface 9 forms a third angle 28 of 75° ±15° [degrees], in particular ±5°, with the impact surface 7 of the control slide 4. The first guide axis 18, together with the first knee 10 and the knee entry surface 25 at the valve seat 3, defines a first knee cavity 16. A deflection axis 20 extends along the deflection surface 9. The deflection axis 20 and the first guide axis 18 have a fifth angle 30 of greater than 90° to each other. This allows the fluid to be deflected at the deflection surface 9 so that it does not flow into the first knee 10. Furthermore, on the side of the deflection axis 20 facing away from the deflection surface 9, there is a run-off edge 13 at the valve seat 3. The deflection axis 20 in turn intersects the control slide 4 at an impact surface 7.Starting at the first guide edge 22, the control slide 4 continues with a second knee 11, which terminates at the impact surface 7. The second knee 11, together with the deflection axis 20 and the first guide axis 18, also defines a second knee cavity 17. The fluid flowing through this second knee cavity 17 can spread out. A second guide axis 19 extends along the impact surface 7. The second guide axis 19 and the deflection axis 20 are at a third angle 28 to each other. This third angle 28 of 75° ± 20°, particularly ± 5°, is specifically chosen such that the fluid flowing through is deflected from the impact surface 7 in such a way that it is directed away from the second knee cavity 17. Likewise, by adjusting the third angle 28, an axial force can be generated by the fluid flowing through, which can counteract a closing force generated during opening.After being deflected at the impact surface 7, the fluid is guided by the control valve 4 to a second guide edge 24. The second guide edge 24 is the radially widest extension of the control valve 4. Furthermore, the control valve 4 and the valve seat 3 form an outlet 14 in the section from the impact surface 7 and the outlet edge 13, respectively. The fluid can expand and slow down in the outlet 14.

[0040] Fig. Figure 3 shows the outline of the valve body 2 and the valve seat 3. Fig. 2 in a closed state. It can be seen how the sealing edge 8 touches the sealing surface 6 and no flow is possible. Reference symbol list 1 Valve housing 2 valve bodies 3 valve seat 4 control valves 5 sliding axle 6 Sealing surface 7 Impact area 8 Sealing edge 9 Deflection area 10 first knee 11 second knee 12 Enema 13 Run-out edge 14 outlet 15 straight or curved section 16 first knee cavity 17 second knee cavity 18 first guide axis 19 second guide axis 20 Deflection axle 21 first leading edge 22 first leading edge 23 second inlet edge 24 second leading edge 25 Knee entry area 26 first angle 27 second angle 28 third angle 29 fourth angle 30 fifth angle 31 Inbound section 32 sixth angle QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] DE 19509145 B4

[0003]

Claims

[1] Valve, at least comprising a valve body (2) and a valve seat (3), wherein the valve body (2) is movable along a slide axis (5) in the valve seat (3), wherein the valve body (2) comprises a control slide (4), wherein the control slide (4) comprises a sealing surface (6) which is at a first angle (26) to the slide axis (5), wherein the control slide (4) further comprises an impact surface (7) axially spaced from the sealing surface (6) and which is at a second angle (27) between 45° and 90° to the slide axis (5), wherein the valve seat (3) comprises a sealing edge (8) opposite the sealing surface (6), wherein the valve seat (3) further comprises a deflecting surface (9) axially spaced from the sealing edge (8) and which is transverse to the impact surface (7) of the control slide (4), wherein the sealing surface (6) and the impact surface (7) are Slider axis (5) are oriented in the same way. [2] Valve according to claim 1, wherein the first angle (26) is in a range of 30° to 60°. [3] Valve according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sealing surface (6) defines a first guide axis (18), wherein the deflecting surface (9) defines a deflecting axis (20) wherein the deflecting axis (20) and the first guide axis (18) have a fifth angle (30) of greater than 90° to each other. [4] Valve according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the valve seat (3) forms an arc-shaped first knee (10) between the sealing edge (8) and the deflecting surface (9). [5] Valve according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control slide (4) has a first guide edge (22) and a first inlet edge (23), wherein the first guide edge (22) and the first inlet edge (23) define a straight or curved section (15), wherein the sealing surface (6) is arranged on the straight or curved section (15). [6] Valve according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control slide (4) forms an arc-shaped second knee (11) which is bounded by the first guide edge (22) and the impact surface (7). [7] Valve according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a second guide edge (24) is arranged downstream of the impact surface (7) facing away from the second knee (11), wherein the perpendicular distance of the first guide edge (22) to the slide axis (5) is smaller than the perpendicular distance of the second guide edge (24) to the slide axis (5). [8] Valve according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second guide edge (24) of the valve body (2) is perpendicularly farther from the slide axis (5) than any area of ​​the first knee (10) at the valve seat (3). [9] Valve according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a knee inlet surface (25) is located between the first knee (10) and the sealing edge (8), wherein the knee inlet surface (25) has a fourth angle (29) of greater than 15° to the straight section (15).

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