Display device and electronic device

Abstract

Display device comprising a first display field (100a) and a second display field (100b), wherein the first display field (100a) comprises a first display area (101a), wherein the second display field (100b) comprises a second display area (101b) and an area (110b) that transmits visible light, wherein the second display area (101b) is adjacent to the area (110b) which transmits visible light, wherein the first display area (101a) includes a section that overlaps with the area (110b) that transmits visible light, wherein the first display field (100a) comprises a first light-emitting element (1105R), a second light-emitting element (1105G) and a third light-emitting element (1105B), wherein the first light-emitting element (1105R), the second light-emitting element (1105G) and the third light-emitting element (1105B) comprise an electron transport layer between an electrode pair (1101, 1102) and each comprise a light-emitting layer between the electrode pair (1101, 1102), wherein the light-emitting layer in the first light-emitting element (1105R), the light-emitting layer in the second light-emitting element (1105G) and the light-emitting layer in the third light-emitting element (1105B) are separated from each other, and wherein the first light-emitting element (1105R), the second light-emitting element (1105G) and the third light-emitting element (1105B) share the same electron transport layer. wherein light emitted by the first light-emitting element (1105R) has a CIE-1931 chromaticity coordinate x of greater than 0.680 and less than or equal to 0.720 and a CIE-1931 chromaticity coordinate y of greater than or equal to 0.260 and less than or equal to 0.320, wherein light emitted by the second light-emitting element (1105G) has a CIE-1931 chromaticity coordinate x of greater than or equal to 0.130 and less than or equal to 0.250 and a CIE-1931 chromaticity coordinate y of greater than 0.710 and less than or equal to 0.810, and wherein light emitted by the third light-emitting element (1105B) has a CIE-1931 chromaticity coordinate x of greater than or equal to 0.120 and less than or equal to 0.170 and a CIE-1931 chromaticity coordinate y of greater than or equal to 0.020 and less than 0.060.

Description

Technical field

[0001] One embodiment of the present invention relates to a display device, an electronic device and a display field.

[0002] It should be noted that an embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the aforementioned technical field. Examples of the technical field of an embodiment of the present invention include a semiconductor device, a display device, a light-emitting device, an electronic device, a lighting device, an input device (e.g., a touch sensor), an input / output device (e.g., a touchscreen), a control method therefor, and a manufacturing method therefor. State of the art

[0003] In recent years, there has been a growing demand for larger display devices. Examples of uses for a large display device include a home television (also known as a TV or television receiver), digital signage, and a public information display (PID). A larger display area allows a device to provide more information at once. Furthermore, a larger display area attracts more attention, thus potentially increasing the effectiveness of advertising.

[0004] Light-emitting elements that utilize electroluminescence (also known as EL elements) have the following characteristics: they can be easily reduced in thickness and weight, exhibit a fast response to an input signal, and can be driven by a low-voltage DC source. Therefore, the application of EL elements to display devices has been proposed. Patent document 1, for example, discloses a flexible light-emitting device comprising an organic EL element. Furthermore, documents WO 2016016765 A1, WO 2016063812 A1, and US 2016093678 A1 disclose display devices of the aforementioned type. [Reference]

[0005] Japanese Disclosure Publication JP 2014-197 522 A Disclosure of the invention

[0006] One object of an embodiment of the present invention is to increase the size of a display device. Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device that comprises a large display area in which a seam is less likely to be perceived. Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device that can display an image with a wide color gamut. Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to suppress unevenness in the display or unevenness in the luminance of a display device. Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to reduce the thickness or weight of a display device.Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device that can display an image along a curved surface. Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device that is easily searchable. Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a novel display device.

[0007] It should be noted that the description of these tasks does not preclude the existence of further tasks. In one embodiment of the present invention, it is unnecessary to fulfill all of the tasks. Further tasks can be derived from the explanation of the description, the drawings, and the claims.

[0008] A display device of an embodiment of the present invention comprises a first display field and a second display field. The first display field comprises a first display area. The second display field comprises a second display area and a visible light transmitting area. The second display area is adjacent to the visible light transmitting area. The first display area comprises a section that overlaps the visible light transmitting area. The first display field comprises a first light-emitting element, a second light-emitting element, and a third light-emitting element. Light emitted by the first light-emitting element has a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate x of greater than 0.680 and less than or equal to 0.720 and a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate y of greater than or equal to 0.260 and less than or equal to 0.320.Light emitted by the second light-emitting element has a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate x of greater than or equal to 0.130 and less than or equal to 0.250, and a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate y of greater than 0.710 and less than or equal to 0.810. Light emitted by the third light-emitting element has a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate x of greater than or equal to 0.120 and less than or equal to 0.170, and a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate y of greater than or equal to 0.020 and less than 0.060. Alternatively, the first light-emitting element emits light that has a CIE-1931 chromaticity coordinate x of greater than 0.680 and less than or equal to 0.720 and a CIE-1931 chromaticity coordinate y of greater than or equal to 0.260 and less than or equal to 0.320.The second light-emitting element emits light with a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate x of greater than or equal to 0.130 and less than or equal to 0.250, and a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate y of greater than 0.710 and less than or equal to 0.810. The third light-emitting element emits light with a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate x of greater than or equal to 0.120 and less than or equal to 0.170, and a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate y of greater than or equal to 0.020 and less than 0.060.

[0009] A display device of an embodiment of the present invention comprises a first display field and a second display field. The first display field comprises a first display area. The second display field comprises a second display area and an area that transmits visible light. The second display area is adjacent to the area that transmits visible light. The first display area comprises a section that overlaps with the area that transmits visible light. The first display field comprises a first light-emitting element, a second light-emitting element, a third light-emitting element, a first color layer, a second color layer, and a third color layer.Light received from the first light-emitting element through the first color layer has a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate x greater than 0.680 and less than or equal to 0.720, and a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate y greater than or equal to 0.260 and less than or equal to 0.320. Light received from the second light-emitting element through the second color layer has a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate x greater than or equal to 0.130 and less than or equal to 0.250, and a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate y greater than 0.710 and less than or equal to 0.810. Light received from the third light-emitting element through the third color layer has a CIE-1931 chromaticity coordinate x of greater than or equal to 0.120 and less than or equal to 0.170 and a CIE-1931 chromaticity coordinate y of greater than or equal to 0.020 and less than 0.060.It should be noted that color filters or the like can be used as color layers.

[0010] The first color layer preferably has a light transmittance of less than or equal to 60% at 600 nm and greater than or equal to 70% at 650 nm. The second color layer preferably has a light transmittance of less than or equal to 60% at 480 nm, less than or equal to 60% at 580 nm, and greater than or equal to 70% at 530 nm. The third color layer preferably has a light transmittance of less than or equal to 60% at 510 nm and greater than or equal to 70% at 450 nm.

[0011] The emission spectrum of the light obtained from the first light-emitting element through the first color layer preferably has a maximum value greater than or equal to 620 nm and less than or equal to 680 nm.

[0012] According to the invention, the first, second, and third light-emitting elements comprise an electron transport layer between an electrode pair and a light-emitting layer between each electrode pair. The light-emitting layer in the first, second, and third light-emitting elements is separated from one another according to the invention. Furthermore, according to the invention, the first, second, and third light-emitting elements all share the same electron transport layer.

[0013] The first, second, and third light-emitting elements can each include a hole injection layer between the electrode pair. In this case, the first, second, and third light-emitting elements preferably share the same hole injection layer. The hole injection layer preferably contains a hole transport material and an acceptor material.

[0014] The first light-emitting element, the second light-emitting element, and the third light-emitting element can each comprise a hole transport layer between the electrode pair. In this case, the hole transport layer in the first light-emitting element, the layer in the second light-emitting element, and the layer in the third light-emitting element are preferably separated from each other.

[0015] The first light-emitting element, the second light-emitting element, and the third light-emitting element can each comprise a reflective electrode and a transflective electrode as an electrode pair.

[0016] In the structure comprising the reflective electrode and the transflective electrode, the optical path length between the reflective and transflective electrodes in the first light-emitting element is preferably adjusted to increase the emission intensity of red light. The optical path length between the reflective and transflective electrodes in the second light-emitting element is preferably adjusted to increase the emission intensity of green light. The optical path length between the reflective and transflective electrodes in the third light-emitting element is preferably adjusted to increase the emission intensity of blue light.

[0017] The first, second, and third light-emitting elements can each include an EL layer between the electrode pair. In this case, the EL layers contained in the first, second, and third light-emitting elements are preferably white-emitting EL layers formed using the same material. The EL layer comprises at least one light-emitting layer. A plurality of EL layers can be contained in each light-emitting element, and the EL layers can be stacked on top of each other with a charge-generating layer between them.In order to efficiently extract light of different colors from the EL layers that emit white light in the light-emitting elements, optical path lengths between the electrode pair are preferably adapted according to the emission color in order to form a so-called microcavity structure.

[0018] The first display area and / or the second display area may have a curved surface.

[0019] The first display area can have a first curved surface and a second curved surface. The first curved surface encompasses the first display area, and the second curved surface does not. In this case, the radius of curvature of the first curved surface can be larger than the radius of curvature of the second curved surface. For example, the radius of curvature of the first curved surface is larger than the radius of curvature of the second curved surface and less than or equal to 10,000 mm, and the radius of curvature of the second curved surface is greater than or equal to 1 mm and less than or equal to 100 mm. Alternatively, the radius of curvature of the first curved surface can be greater than or equal to 10 mm and less than or equal to 10,000 mm, and the radius of curvature of the second curved surface is greater than or equal to 1 mm and less than 10 mm.

[0020] The display device with any of the aforementioned structures may include a transparent layer. In this case, the first display area overlaps with the visible light-transmitting area, with the transparent layer provided between them. The transparent layer includes a section in which the average transmittance for light with wavelengths greater than or equal to 450 nm and less than or equal to 700 nm is 80% or more.

[0021] The display device with one of the aforementioned structures can comprise a first module and a second module. In this case, the first module comprises the first display field as well as a connecting element and / or an integrated circuit. The second module comprises the second display field as well as a connecting element and / or an integrated circuit.

[0022] One embodiment of the present invention is an electronic device comprising the display device with any of the above structures as well as an antenna, a battery, a housing, a camera, a loudspeaker, a microphone and / or an operating button.

[0023] One embodiment of the present invention is a first display panel comprising a first light-emitting element, a second light-emitting element, and a third light-emitting element. Light emitted by the first light-emitting element has a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate x of greater than 0.680 and less than or equal to 0.720, and a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate y of greater than or equal to 0.260 and less than or equal to 0.320. Light emitted by the second light-emitting element has a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate x of greater than or equal to 0.130 and less than or equal to 0.250, and a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate y of greater than 0.710 and less than or equal to 0.810.Light emitted by the third light-emitting element has a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate x of greater than or equal to 0.120 and less than or equal to 0.170, and a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate y of greater than or equal to 0.020 and less than 0.060. The first, second, and third light-emitting elements each comprise a hole injection layer and a first hole transport layer, and each comprises a light-emitting layer. The first, second, and third light-emitting elements share the same hole injection layer. The first, second, and third light-emitting elements share the same hole transport layer.The light-emitting layer in the first light-emitting element, the layer in the second light-emitting element, and the layer in the third light-emitting element are separated from each other. In the third light-emitting element, the first hole transport layer is in contact with the hole injection layer and the light-emitting layer. Preferably, the first light-emitting element and the second light-emitting element each comprise a second hole transport layer. Preferably, in both the first and second light-emitting elements, the first hole transport layer is in contact with the hole injection layer, and the second hole transport layer is in contact with the light-emitting layer. The hole injection layer and the first hole transport layer preferably contain the same material.The light-emitting layer and the second hole transport layer preferably contain the same material. The second hole transport layer preferably contains a material with a HOMO level that is lower than the HOMO level of a material contained in the first hole transport layer. A display device, a module, and an electronic device, each comprising the aforementioned display field, are also embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] One embodiment of the present invention can increase the size of a display device. One embodiment of the present invention can provide a display device that includes a large display area where seams are less likely to be perceived. One embodiment of the present invention can provide a display device that can display an image with a wide color gamut. One embodiment of the present invention can suppress display unevenness or luminance unevenness in a display device. One embodiment of the present invention can reduce the thickness or weight of a display device. One embodiment of the present invention can provide a display device that can display an image along a curved surface.One embodiment of the present invention can provide a display device that is easily searchable. One embodiment of the present invention can provide a novel display device.

[0025] It should be noted that the description of these effects does not preclude the existence of further effects. One embodiment of the present invention does not necessarily fulfill all of the aforementioned effects. Further effects can be derived from the explanation of the description, the drawings, and the claims. Brief description of the drawings Fig. 1A to Fig. 1C are a top view and cross-sectional views that represent an example of a display panel. Fig. 2A and Fig. Figure 2B shows a top view and a cross-sectional view, which illustrate an example of a display device. Fig. 3A and Fig. Figure 3B shows a top view and a cross-sectional view, which illustrate an example of a display device. Fig. 4A to Fig. 4G are cross-sectional views showing examples of a display device and examples of an optical element. Fig. 5A to Fig. 5E are top views that show examples of a display panel, and perspective views that show an example of a display device. Fig. 6A to Fig. Figure 6E are cross-sectional views that illustrate examples of a display device. Fig. 7A to Fig. 7D are cross-sectional views that show examples of a display device. Fig. 8A to Fig. 8C are top views and a cross-sectional view that provide an example of a display panel. Fig. 9A to Fig. 9C are a top view and cross-sectional views that provide an example of a display panel. Fig. 10A and Fig. 10B provide examples of a display device. Fig. Figure 11 is a chromaticity diagram showing chromaticity ranges of display devices. Fig. 12A to Fig. 12D represent examples of a light-emitting element. Fig. 13A and Fig. 13B represents an example of a display device. Fig. 14A to Fig. Figures 14C are top views and a cross-sectional view that illustrate examples of a display panel. Fig. Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view that shows an example of a display device. Fig. Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view that shows an example of a display field. Fig. Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view that shows an example of a display field. Fig. Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view that shows an example of a display field. Fig. 19A and Fig. Figure 19B shows perspective views that illustrate an example of a touchscreen. Fig. Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view that shows an example of a touchscreen. Fig. 21A and Fig. 21B are perspective views that illustrate an example of a touchscreen. Fig. 22A to Fig. 22F provide examples of electronic devices and a lighting device. Fig. 23A1, Fig. 23A2, Fig. 23B, Fig. 23C, Fig. 23D, Fig. 23E, Fig. 23F, Fig. 23G, Fig. 23H and Fig. 23I provide examples of electronic devices. Fig. 24A and Fig. 24B represents an example of a display device. Fig. 25 represents a light-emitting element of Example 1. Fig. Figure 26 is a chromaticity diagram of a light-emitting element of Example 1, obtained by calculation. Fig. 27A is a top view showing a display field of Example 2, and Fig. 27B and Fig. Figure 27C shows a top view and a cross-sectional view of a display device of Example 2. Fig. Figure 28 shows a photograph of an image displayed by a display device of Example 2. Fig. Figure 29A is a side view showing a display device of Example 2, and Fig. 29B is a perspective view showing a circularly polarizing plate. Best way to implement the invention

[0026] Embodiments are described in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following description. It is readily apparent to a person skilled in the art that modes and details of the present invention can be modified in various ways without departing from the basic concept and scope of protection of the present invention. Accordingly, the present invention should not be considered as limited to the description of the following embodiments.

[0027] It should be noted that in the structures of the invention described below, identical sections or sections having similar functions are provided with the same reference numerals in different drawings, and that a description of such sections is not repeated. Furthermore, the same hatching pattern is used for sections having similar functions, and in some cases the sections are not specifically provided with reference numerals.

[0028] For ease of understanding, the position, size, area, or similar features of each component shown in the drawings are not always precisely depicted. Therefore, the disclosed invention is not necessarily limited to the position, size, area, or similar features disclosed in the drawings.

[0029] It should be noted that the terms "film" and "layer" can be used interchangeably depending on the context or circumstances. For example, the term "conducting layer" can be replaced by the term "conducting film." Similarly, the term "insulating film" can be replaced by the term "insulating layer." (Version 1)

[0030] In this embodiment, a display device of an embodiment of the present invention is based on Fig. 1A to Fig. 1C, Fig. 2A and Fig. 2B, Fig. 3A and Fig. 3B, Fig. 4A to Fig. 4G, Fig. 5A to Fig. 5E, Fig. 6A to Fig. 6E, Fig. 7A and Fig. 7D, Fig. 8A to Fig. 8C, Fig. 9A to Fig. 9C, Fig. 10A and Fig. 10B as well Fig. 11 described.

[0031] If a large number of display fields are arranged in one or more directions (e.g., in a column or in a matrix), a display device with a large display area can be manufactured.

[0032] In cases where a large display device is manufactured using a large number of display fields, it is unnecessary for each display field to be large. Therefore, the display field manufacturing equipment does not need to be enlarged, thus saving space. Furthermore, manufacturing costs can be reduced because one equipment can be used to produce small and medium-sized display fields, eliminating the need for a new equipment for large displays. Additionally, the reduction in yield caused by increasing the size of a display field is avoided.

[0033] A display device comprising a multitude of display fields has a larger display area than a display device comprising a single display field when the display fields are the same size, and has the effect, for example, of displaying more information at the same time.

[0034] However, each of the display fields has a non-display area surrounding a display area. Therefore, a user of the display device perceives the image as split, for example, in the case where output images from a multitude of display fields are used to display an image.

[0035] By reducing the non-display areas of the display fields (by using display fields with narrow borders), it is possible to prevent an image displayed on the display fields from being perceived as split; however, it is difficult to completely remove the non-display areas of the display field.

[0036] A small non-display area of ​​the display field leads to a reduction in the distance between an end section of the display field and an element of the display field, in which case the element is easily degraded by contaminants that in some cases penetrate from outside the display field.

[0037] Accordingly, in one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of display fields are arranged such that they partially overlap. In the case of two overlapping display fields, at least one display field positioned on the side of the display surface (the top side) comprises a visible light transmitting area and a display area that are adjacent to each other. In another embodiment of the present invention, a display area of ​​a display field positioned on a bottom side overlaps with the visible light transmitting area of ​​the display field on the top side. Thus, a non-display area between the display areas of the two overlapping display fields can be reduced and even eliminated. As a result, a large display device can be obtained in which the seam between the display fields is barely visible to the user.

[0038] At least a portion of a non-display area of ​​the upper display field allows visible light to pass through and may overlap with the display area of ​​the lower display field. Furthermore, at least a portion of a non-display area of ​​the lower display field may overlap with the display area of ​​the upper display field or with a portion thereof that blocks visible light. It is unnecessary to reduce the areas of the non-display areas, as a reduction in the area of ​​the display device's frame (a reduction in the area excluding a display area) is not affected by these areas.

[0039] A large non-display area of ​​the display field increases the distance between the end section of the display field and an element within the display field, thereby preventing deterioration of the element due to contaminants penetrating from outside the display field. For example, if an organic EL element is used as the display element, increasing the distance between the end section of the display field and the organic EL element reduces the likelihood of contaminants, such as moisture or oxygen, penetrating (or reaching) the organic EL element from outside the display field.Since a sufficient area of ​​the non-display area of ​​the display field can be ensured in the display device of an embodiment of the present invention, a very reliable and large display device can be manufactured, even when a display field comprising an organic EL element or the like is used.

[0040] In one embodiment of the present invention, a display field is used that can show an image with a wide color gamut. In this case, a display device can be manufactured that can show an image with a wide color gamut. In particular, the display field comprises a plurality of light-emitting elements. Light emitted by a first light-emitting element has a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate x of greater than 0.680 and less than or equal to 0.720 and a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate y of greater than or equal to 0.260 and less than or equal to 0.320. Light emitted by a second light-emitting element has a CIE-1931 chromaticity coordinate x of greater than or equal to 0.130 and less than or equal to 0.250 and a CIE-1931 chromaticity coordinate y of greater than 0.710 and less than or equal to 0.810.Light emitted by a third light-emitting element has a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate x of greater than or equal to 0.120 and less than or equal to 0.170, and a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate y of greater than or equal to 0.020 and less than 0.060. For each light-emitting element, an organic EL element comprising an EL layer between an electrode pair is suitable. A reflective electrode and a transflective electrode are suitable electrode pairs.

[0041] The light-emitting elements of different colors preferably comprise separate light-emitting layers. Since a display device of an embodiment of the present invention consists of a plurality of display fields, each display field can be relatively small. Therefore, the alignment accuracy of a metal mask is high, resulting in a higher yield of the separate color rendering. Furthermore, since an application example of the display device of an embodiment of the present invention is a large electronic device, the resolution of the display field can be relatively low. Accordingly, the display device of an embodiment of the present invention has an advantage when light-emitting elements are used that are formed by a separate color rendering process.It should be noted that when the resolution of the display field is high, the light-emitting layer of one light-emitting element may, in some cases, partially overlap with that of another light-emitting element. In this description and similar contexts, the separation of light-emitting layers for different colors does not necessarily imply spatial separation between the light-emitting layers and sometimes signifies electrical isolation from one another.

[0042] The light-emitting elements can have a bottom-emission or a top-emission structure. In particular, top-emission light-emitting elements are preferably used.

[0043] The light-emitting elements preferably each have a microcavity structure. In particular, the optical path length between the electrode pair is preferably adapted as follows: In the EL layers, not only the light-emitting layer but also another type of layer (e.g., a hole transport layer) is formed separately for each of the light-emitting elements of different colors; and other layers are common to the light-emitting elements of different colors. This structure simplifies the process and allows for the provision of a display field from which light can be efficiently extracted and which can display an image with a wide color gamut. <Strukturbeispiel 1 eines Anzeigefelds>

[0044] Fig. 1A is a top view of a display field 100.

[0045] Display field 100 comprises a display area 101 and an area 102. Area 102 is a section that differs from display area 101 of display field 100 in a top view. Area 102 can also be referred to as a non-display area.

[0046] Area 102 comprises an area 110 that transmits visible light and an area 120 that blocks visible light. The area 110, which transmits visible light, and the area 120, which blocks visible light, are each adjacent to display area 101.

[0047] The area 110, which transmits visible light, and the area 120, which blocks visible light, can each be provided along a portion of the outer end section of the display area 101. In the display field 100, which is in Fig. As shown in Figure 1A, the visible light-transmitting area 110 is provided along one side of the display area 101. The visible light-transmitting area 110 can be provided along two or more sides of the display area 101. The visible light-transmitting area 110 is preferably in contact with the display area 101 and provided such that it is located, as shown in Figure 1A. Fig. 1A is shown, extending to an end section of the display field.

[0048] In the display field 100 in Fig. In 1A, the visible light-blocking area 120 is provided along two sides of the display area 101. The visible light-blocking area 120 can extend to near an end section of the display field.

[0049] It should be noted that in area 102, which is in Fig. The area shown in 1A, which differs from area 110, which transmits visible light, and area 120, which blocks visible light, does not necessarily have a transmitting property of visible light.

[0050] The display area 101 comprises a multitude of pixels arranged in a matrix and can display an image. One or more display elements are provided in each pixel. The display element can be, for example, a light-emitting element such as an EL element, an electrophoretic element, a display element using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), a liquid crystal element, or the like.

[0051] In one embodiment of the present invention, as described above, the display field 100 can display an image with a wide color range by containing organic EL elements.

[0052] A visible light transmittance material is used for the visible light transmittance area 110. For example, a substrate, adhesive layer, or the like, contained within the display field 100, can also be used. The visible light transmittance area 110 preferably has a higher visible light transmittance to increase the light extraction efficiency from the display field below the visible light transmittance area 110. The visible light transmittance area 110 preferably has an average transmittance for light with wavelengths greater than or equal to 400 nm and less than or equal to 700 nm of greater than or equal to 70%, more preferably greater than or equal to 80%, and even more preferably greater than or equal to 90%.

[0053] In area 120, which blocks visible light, a line is provided that is electrically connected to the pixels (especially transistors, display elements, or the like) contained in display area 101. In addition to such a line, driver circuits (e.g., a scanning line driver circuit or a signal line driver circuit) can also be provided for controlling the pixels.

[0054] The display panel can include the sampling line driver circuitry and / or the signal line driver circuitry. Alternatively, the display panel can include neither the sampling line driver circuitry nor the signal line driver circuitry. An integrated circuit (IC) serving as the sampling line driver circuitry and / or signal line driver circuitry can, for example, be electrically connected to the display panel. The IC can be mounted on a display panel using a COG (coordinate of ground) or COF (coordinate of foil) method. Alternatively, an FPC (loaded plate carrier), a tape-automated bonding (TAB) tape, a TCP (tap-to-converter), or the like, on which the IC is mounted, can be connected to a display panel.

[0055] The visible light-blocking area 120 further includes a terminal electrically connected to an FPC or the like (also referred to as a connection terminal), a conduit electrically connected to the terminal, and the like. It should be noted that if the terminal, conduit, and the like allow visible light to pass through, the terminal, conduit, and the like may be provided to extend up to the visible light-passing area 110.

[0056] The width W of the area 110, which transmits visible light, is... Fig. As shown in Figure 1A, the width W of the visible light-transmitting area 110 is preferably greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 150 mm, more preferably greater than or equal to 1 mm and less than or equal to 100 mm, and even more preferably greater than or equal to 2 mm and less than or equal to 50 mm. If the width W of the visible light-transmitting area 110 differs between the display fields, or if the width varies depending on its position on a display field, the shortest length preferably lies within the aforementioned range. The visible light-transmitting area 110 serves as a sealing area. The greater the width W of the visible light-transmitting area 110, the greater the distance between the end section of the display field 100 and the display area 101 can be, thus preventing contamination, such as water, from entering the display area 101 from the outside.It should be noted that the width W of the area 110 which transmits visible light corresponds in some cases to the shortest distance between the display area 101 and the end section of the display field 100.

[0057] For example, if an organic EL element is used as the indicator element, the width W of the visible light-transmitting area 110 is set to greater than or equal to 1 mm, effectively preventing deterioration of the organic EL element and thus improving reliability. It should be noted that even in a section that differs from the visible light-transmitting area 110, the distance between the end section of the indicator area 101 and the end section of the indicator field 100 is preferably within the range described above.

[0058] Fig. 1B and Fig. 1C are cross-sectional views along the dashed-dotted line X1-Y1 in Fig. 1A.

[0059] Display field 100, which is in Fig. Figure 1B shows a substrate 201, an adhesive layer 203, an insulating layer 205, an insulating layer 208, an element layer 209, a substrate 211, an adhesive layer 221 and a connecting terminal 223.

[0060] The adhesive layer 203 is located between the substrate 201 and the insulating layer 205. The adhesive layer 221 is located between the substrate 211 and the insulating layer 205.

[0061] Display area 101 comprises element layer 209. Element layer 209 contains one display element. The display element is located between insulating layer 205 and insulating layer 208.

[0062] In the area 120, which blocks visible light, the connection terminal 223 is located above the insulating layer 205. The connection terminal 223 comprises an exposed section that does not overlap with either the adhesive layer 221 or the substrate 211.

[0063] A method for producing the display field, which is in Fig. The process shown in Figure 1B is described below. First, layers to be removed (e.g., the insulating layer 205, the element layer 209, the insulating layer 208, and the connection terminal 223) are formed over a training substrate, with a release layer provided between them. The substrate 211 is attached to the layers to be removed using the adhesive layer 221. Then, the training substrate is removed using the release layer, and the substrate 211 is attached to the layers to be removed using the adhesive layer 203. In this way, the layers to be removed, which have been formed over the training substrate, can be transferred to the substrate 211.

[0064] Display field 100, which is in Fig. Figure 1C comprises the substrate 201, the adhesive layer 203, the insulating layer 205, the element layer 209, the substrate 211, an adhesive layer 213, an insulating layer 215, a functional layer 219, the adhesive layer 221 and the connecting terminal 223.

[0065] The adhesive layer 203 is located between the substrate 201 and the insulating layer 205. The adhesive layer 213 is located between the substrate 211 and the insulating layer 215. The adhesive layer 221 is located between the insulating layer 205 and the insulating layer 215.

[0066] Display area 101 includes element layer 209. Display area 101 may also include functional layer 219.

[0067] The element layer 209 includes a display element. The display element is located between the insulating layer 205 and the adhesive layer 221.

[0068] The functional layer 219 comprises a color layer (e.g., a color filter), an opaque layer (e.g., a black matrix), and / or a sensor (e.g., a touch sensor). The functional layer 219 is located between the insulating layer 215 and the adhesive layer 221.

[0069] In the area 120, which blocks visible light, the connection terminal 223 is located above the insulating layer 205. The connection terminal 223 comprises an exposed section that does not overlap with the adhesive layer 221, the insulating layer 215, the adhesive layer 213, or the substrate 211.

[0070] A method for producing the display field, which is in Fig. The process shown in Figure 1C is described below. First, the first layers to be detached (e.g., the insulating layer 205, the element layer 209, and the connection terminal 223) are formed over a first training substrate, with a first release layer provided between them. Second layers to be detached (the insulating layer 215 and the functional layer 219) are then formed over a second training substrate, with a second release layer provided between them. The first and second training substrates are bonded together using the adhesive layer 221. The first and second training substrates are then detached using the first release layer and the second release layer, respectively. The substrate 201 is bonded to the surface exposed by the detachment of the first training substrate using the adhesive layer 203.The substrate 211 is attached to the surface exposed by removing the second training substrate using the adhesive layer 213. In this way, the layers to be removed, which are formed over the training substrates, can be transferred to the substrates 201 and 211.

[0071] In the method for manufacturing a display field of an embodiment of the present invention, each of the functional elements and the like contained in the display field is formed over the forming substrate; thus, even in the case where a high-resolution display field is manufactured, high alignment accuracy of the substrate contained in the display field is not required. Therefore, even if a flexible substrate is used for the display field, the substrate can be easily attached. Furthermore, since the functional elements and the like can be manufactured at high temperatures, a very reliable display field can be obtained.

[0072] The visible light transmitting area 110 reflects or absorbs some of the visible light (e.g., light with a wavelength greater than or equal to 400 nm and less than or equal to 700 nm). If the visible light transmitting area 110 reflects external light, a user of the display device may easily perceive an area where two or more display fields overlap (hereinafter also referred to as the overlap area). The user of the display device may particularly easily perceive the overlap area when the lower display field is not displaying anything or is displaying a black image. Furthermore, the luminance (brightness) of an image on the lower display field differs between a section seen across the visible light transmitting area 110 and a section not seen across the area.

[0073] The smaller the differences between the layers contained within the visible light-transmitting area 110, the more the reflection of light within this area can be suppressed. Consequently, the overlap area is not easily perceived by a user of the display device. Therefore, a display device can be manufactured that covers a large display area in which a seam is unlikely to be perceived.

[0074] In the region 110, which transmits visible light, the difference in refractive index between two layers in contact with each other is preferably less than or equal to 0.20, more preferably less than or equal to 0.15, and even more preferably less than or equal to 0.10. For example, in Fig. 1B each of the differences in refractive index between the substrate 201 and the adhesive layer 203, between the adhesive layer 203 and the insulating layer 205, between the insulating layer 205 and the adhesive layer 221, and between the adhesive layer 221 and the substrate 211 is preferably less than or equal to 0.20. For example, in Fig. 1C Each of the differences in refractive index between the substrate 201 and the adhesive layer 203, between the adhesive layer 203 and the insulating layer 205, between the insulating layer 205 and the adhesive layer 221, between the adhesive layer 221 and the insulating layer 215, between the insulating layer 215 and the adhesive layer 213, and between the adhesive layer 213 and the substrate 211 is preferably less than or equal to 0.20. Preferably, the difference in refractive index between layers contained in the region 110 that transmits visible light is reduced because the reflection of light due to the difference in refractive index can be suppressed. The difference in refractive index between layers contained in the region 110 that transmits visible light is preferably less than or equal to 0.20, more preferably less than or equal to 0.15, and still more preferably less than or equal to 0.10.

[0075] By reducing the number of interfaces within the visible light transmitting area 110, where the refractive index difference is large, the visible light transmittance within that area can be increased. Consequently, the difference in luminance (brightness) of a display on the lower side of the screen between a section visible through the visible light transmitting area 110 and a section not visible through that area can be small. This, in turn, can prevent display unevenness or uneven luminance.

[0076] Substrates 201 and 211 are preferably flexible. Using flexible substrates increases the flexibility of the display field. In the fabrication of the display field of this embodiment, an insulating layer, a transistor, a display element, and the like are formed on a forming substrate and then transferred to substrate 201 and substrate 211. Therefore, the choice of materials for substrate 201 and substrate 211 is greater than in the case where an insulating layer, a transistor, a display element, and the like are formed directly on substrate 201 or substrate 211.

[0077] The thickness of each of the substrates 201 and 211 is preferably greater than or equal to 1 µm and less than or equal to 100 µm, more preferably greater than or equal to 1 µm and less than or equal to 50 µm, and even more preferably greater than or equal to 1 µm and less than or equal to 25 µm. Reducing the thickness of the substrates can minimize height differences when display fields overlap.

[0078] Each of the substrates 201 and 211 has a preferably average transmittance of greater than or equal to 70%, more preferably greater than or equal to 80%, and even more preferably greater than or equal to 90% with respect to light with a wavelength greater than or equal to 450 nm and less than or equal to 700 nm. The higher the transmittance of the substrates for visible light, the more the transmittance for visible light in the area 110, which transmits visible light, can be increased, and the more the light extraction efficiency of the display device can be increased.

[0079] Each of the substrates 201 and 211 has a glass transition temperature that is preferably higher than or equal to 150 °C, more preferably higher than or equal to 200 °C, and even more preferably higher than or equal to 250 °C. The higher the heat resistance of the substrates, the more defects in the display field resulting from storage in a high-temperature environment, a pressure bonding step of an FPC, or the like can be reduced.

[0080] The coefficient of thermal expansion of each of the substrates 201 and 211 is preferably less than or equal to 60 ppm / °C, more preferably less than or equal to 30 ppm / °C, and even more preferably less than or equal to 15 ppm / °C. The lower the coefficient of thermal expansion of the substrate, the less the display panel is affected by a temperature change in the environment in which the display panel is stored. For example, even if the temperature of a storage environment is changed, the formation of wrinkles in the display panel and a crack in an inorganic film can be suppressed.

[0081] The coefficient of moisture expansion of each of substrates 201 and 211 is preferably less than or equal to 100 ppm / %RH, more preferably less than or equal to 50 ppm / %RH, and even more preferably less than or equal to 20 ppm / %RH. The lower the coefficient of moisture expansion of the substrate, the less the display panel is affected by changes in the humidity of the environment in which it is stored. For example, even if the humidity of a storage environment changes, the formation of wrinkles in the display panel and cracking in an inorganic film can be suppressed. <Strukturbeispiel 1 der Anzeigevorrichtung>

[0082] Fig. 2A is a top view of a display device 12. The display device 12, which is in Fig. 2A, as shown, comprises three display fields 100, which are in Fig. 1A are shown and are arranged in one direction (a transverse direction). Fig. 2A represents an example in which each of the display fields is electrically connected to an FPC.

[0083] In this embodiment, letters are added to the reference numbers in some cases to distinguish between display fields, identical components contained within the display fields, or identical components associated with the display fields. Unless otherwise specified, the reference numbers for a display field and components located on the bottom side (the side opposite the display surface) are supplemented with "a," and "b," "c," and the like are added to one or more display fields and components placed above them in alphabetical order from the bottom. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, no letters are added when describing a common part of the display fields or components in a structure containing a plurality of display fields.

[0084] The display device 12 in Fig. 2A includes a display field 100a, a display field 100b and a display field 100c.

[0085] The display field 100b is positioned such that a portion of the display field 100b is arranged over an upper side (a side of the display surface) of the display field 100a. In particular, a visible light-transmitting area 110b of the display field 100b is provided such that it overlaps with a display area 101a of the display field 100a. A visible light-blocking area 120b of the display field 100b is provided such that it does not overlap with the display area 101a of the display field 100a. A display area 101b of the display field 100b is provided such that it overlaps with an area 102a of the display field 100a, and a visible light-blocking area 120a of the display field 100a.

[0086] Display field 100c is positioned similarly such that it partially overlaps an upper side (the side of the display surface) of display field 100b. In particular, a visible light-transmitting area 110c of display field 100c is provided such that it overlaps with display area 101b of display field 100b. A visible light-blocking area 120c of display field 100c is provided such that it does not overlap with display area 101b of display field 100b. A visible light-blocking area 101c of display field 100c is provided such that it overlaps with an area 102b of display field 100b and an area 120b of display field 100b.

[0087] The visible light-transmitting area 110b is positioned to overlap with the display area 101a; consequently, a user of the display device 12 can see the complete image on the display area 101a even if the display area 100b overlaps with a display surface of the display area 100a. Similarly, the visible light-transmitting area 110c is positioned to overlap with the display area 101b; consequently, a user of the display device 12 can see the complete image on the display area 101b even if the display area 100c overlaps with a display surface of the display area 100b.

[0088] The display area 101b of the display field 100b overlaps with the upper sides of area 102a and area 120a, which blocks visible light; as a result, there is no non-display area between display area 101a and display area 101b. Similarly, the display area 101c of the display field 100c overlaps with the upper sides of area 102b and area 120b, which blocks visible light; as a result, there is no non-display area between display area 101b and display area 101c. Consequently, an area in which display area 101a, display area 101b, and display area 101c are seamlessly placed can serve as display area 13 of the display device 12.

[0089] Fig. 2B is a cross-sectional view along the dashed line X2-Y2 in Fig. 2A.

[0090] Display fields 100a and 100b, which are in Fig. The elements shown in 2B each have the same structure as the structure of the display field shown in Fig. 1C is shown.

[0091] To reduce the height difference between two adjacent display fields 100, the thickness of the display field 100 is preferably small. For example, the thickness of the display field 100 is preferably less than or equal to 1 mm, more preferably less than or equal to 300 µm, and even more preferably less than or equal to 100 µm. The display field is preferably thin because the thickness or weight of the entire display device can also be reduced.

[0092] If air is present between the visible light-transmitting area of ​​the upper display field and the visible light-transmitting area of ​​the lower display field, some of the light extracted from the visible light-transmitting area will be reflected at the interface between the visible light-transmitting area and the air, and at the interface between the air and the visible light-transmitting area. This could result in a reduction of the display's luminance. Consequently, the light extraction efficiency of an area where multiple display fields overlap may decrease.Furthermore, a difference in the luminance of the display area of ​​the lower display field may occur between a section that overlaps with the area of ​​the upper display field that transmits visible light and a section that does not overlap with the area of ​​the upper display field that transmits visible light, so that in some cases a seam between the display fields is easily perceived by a user.

[0093] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 2B, the display device 12 comprises a transparent layer 103 between the display area 101a and the visible light-transmitting area 110b. The transparent layer 103 has a refractive index higher than that of air and allows visible light to pass through. This prevents air from entering the space between the display area 101a and the visible light-transmitting area 110b, thus preventing interface reflection due to a difference in refractive index. Furthermore, this reduces display inconsistencies or luminance variations of the display device.

[0094] It should be noted that the transparent layer 103 preferably has a high transmittance for visible light, as this increases the light extraction efficiency of the display device. With respect to light with a wavelength greater than or equal to 400 nm and less than or equal to 700 nm, the transparent layer 103 preferably has an average transmittance of greater than or equal to 80%, and more preferably of greater than or equal to 90%.

[0095] The difference in refractive index between the transparent layer and a layer in contact with the transparent layer is preferably as small as possible, as this prevents light reflection. For example, the refractive index of the transparent layer is higher than that of air, and preferably higher than or equal to 1.3 and lower than or equal to 1.8. The difference in refractive index between the transparent layer and the layer in contact with the transparent layer (e.g., a substrate contained in the display field) is preferably less than or equal to 0.30, more preferably less than or equal to 0.20, and even more preferably less than or equal to 0.15.

[0096] The translucent layer is preferably removable in contact with the lower and / or upper display fields. If the display fields in the display device are individually removable, then, for example, if one of the display fields becomes defective, only the defective display field needs to be replaced with a new one. The continued use of the other display field allows the display device to be used for a longer period and at a lower cost.

[0097] If the display panels do not need to be attached or removed, the display panels are attached to each other with the translucent layer, which comprises a material with an adhesive property (an adhesive or the like).

[0098] Either an inorganic or an organic material can be used for the translucent layer. A liquid, a gelatinous substance, or a solid substance can be used for the translucent layer.

[0099] For the light-transmitting layer, for example, a liquid substance such as water, an aqueous solution, an inactive fluorine-based liquid, a light-refracting liquid or silicone oil can be used.

[0100] In the case where the display device is inclined towards the horizontal plane (a plane perpendicular to a direction in which gravity acts), or in the case where the display device is positioned such that it is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the viscosity of a liquid substance is preferably 1 mPa·s or more, more preferably 1 Pa·s or more, even more preferably 10 Pa·s or more, and much more preferably 100 Pa·s or more. In the case where the display device is positioned, for example, such that it is parallel to the horizontal plane, the viscosity of the liquid substance is not limited thereto.

[0101] The light-transmitting layer is preferably inactive, as this can, for example, suppress damage to another layer contained in the display device.

[0102] A material contained in the transparent layer is preferably non-volatile. Accordingly, the entry of air into the intermediate layer due to evaporation of the material used for the transparent layer can be prevented.

[0103] A high-molecular-weight material can be used for the translucent layer. For example, a resin such as an epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, a silicone resin, a phenolic resin, a polyimide resin, an imide resin, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin, a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resin, or an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) resin can be used. Alternatively, a two-component resin can be used. For example, an adhesive film or any curing adhesive, such as a reactive curing adhesive, a thermosetting adhesive, an anaerobic adhesive, or a light-curing adhesive, such as a UV-curing adhesive, containing at least one of the aforementioned resins, can be used. The adhesives do not need to be curable, for example, if the display panels are not attached to each other.

[0104] The translucent layer preferably exhibits high adhesion to an object. Furthermore, the translucent layer preferably exhibits high separability from an object. After the translucent layer, which is attached to the display field, has been separated from the display field, it can preferably be reattached to the display field.

[0105] The translucent layer preferably exhibits no or only weak adhesion. In this case, the attachment and removal of the translucent layer to and from an object can be repeated without damaging or contaminating the object's surface.

[0106] For example, a film with adhesive properties or a film with adhesive properties can be used as a light-transmitting layer. In the case where a mounting film with a multilayer structure consisting of a mounting layer or adhesive layer and a base material is used, the mounting layer or adhesive layer can serve as the light-transmitting layer of the display device, and the base material can serve as the substrate contained within the display field. It should be noted that the display device can have a substrate in addition to the base material within the mounting film. The mounting film can include an anchoring layer between the mounting layer or adhesive layer and the base material. The anchoring layer serves to enhance the adhesion between the mounting layer or adhesive layer and the base material.Furthermore, the anchor layer has a smoothing function on the surface of the base material coated with the mounting or adhesive layer. This prevents bubbles from easily forming between the object and the translucent layer. A film in which a polyester film and an adhesive silicone resin layer are layered on top of each other can preferably be used, for example, in a display device.

[0107] The thickness of the transparent layer is not particularly limited and can, for example, be greater than or equal to 1 µm and less than or equal to 50 µm. The thickness of the transparent layer can be greater than 50 µm; however, in the case where a flexible display device is manufactured, the thickness of the transparent layer is preferably selected such that the flexibility of the display device is not reduced. For example, the thickness of the transparent layer is preferably greater than or equal to 10 µm and less than or equal to 30 µm. The thickness of the transparent layer can be less than 1 µm.

[0108] The display area 101a overlaps with the visible light-transmitting area 110b, with the translucent layer 103 provided between them. This prevents air from entering the space between the display area 101a and the visible light-transmitting area 110b, thus reducing interface reflection due to a difference in refractive index.

[0109] Consequently, a difference in the luminance of the display area 101a between a section that overlaps with the visible light-transmitting area 110b and a section that does not overlap with the visible light-transmitting area 110b can be suppressed, so that a seam between the display fields is unlikely to be perceived by a user of the display device. Furthermore, unevenness of the display or unevenness of the luminance of the display device can be prevented.

[0110] Area 120a, which blocks visible light, and FPC 112a, each overlap with display area 101b. This ensures sufficient area for a non-display area and allows for a seamless display area to be enlarged, enabling the production of a very reliable and large display device. <Strukturbeispiel 2 der Anzeigevorrichtung>

[0111] Fig. 3A is a top view of the display device 12. Fig. 3B is a cross-sectional view along the dashed line X3-Y3 in Fig. 3A.

[0112] The display device 12, which is in Fig. 3A and Fig. Figure 3B shows a structure in which an optical element 240 is located on the outermost surface of the display device 12, which is in Fig. 2A and Fig. 2B is shown, and is placed. Further components are those in Fig. 2A and Fig. 2B is similar; therefore, a detailed description of this one is omitted.

[0113] The optical element 240 is provided in at least the display area 13. Fig. Figure 3A provides an example in which the optical element 240 completely overlaps the surfaces of display fields. The optical element 240 and each of the display fields are preferably firmly attached to one another. At least parts of the optical element 240 and each of the display fields can be attached to one another with an adhesive or the like, but it is not necessary for the optical element 240 and each of the display fields to be attached to one another. For example, the optical element 240 and each of the display fields can be attached independently of one another to a housing contained in the display device 12 or an electronic device.

[0114] Optical element 240 can be a polarizing element, a retardant element, an antireflection element, and / or the like. Furthermore, a hard coating treatment can be applied to the outermost surface of optical element 240.

[0115] Examples of the polarizing element include a polarizing plate and a polarizing film.

[0116] Examples of the retardation element include a retardation plate and a retardation film.

[0117] Examples of antireflection elements include antireflection (AR) film, low-reflection (LR) film, and anti-glare (AG) film (also known as glare-free film). Furthermore, an antireflection plate and an antireflection film, each performing the same function as one of these films, are also examples of antireflection elements.

[0118] Examples of the structure of optical element 240 are given based on Fig. 4A to Fig. 4G described.

[0119] The optical element 240, which is in Fig. 4A, which is shown, includes an antireflection element 291.

[0120] An AR film, an LR film, an AG film and the like can each be attached directly to the display fields.

[0121] When an AR film or an LR film is used for the anti-reflective element 291, the reflection of external light from a surface of the display device 12 can be suppressed.

[0122] When an AG film is used for the anti-reflective element 291, the reflection of the environment of the display device 12 on the surface of the display device can be suppressed by scattering external light.

[0123] The optical element 240, which is in Fig. Figure 4B shows the assembly comprising the antireflection element 291 and a support part 292. The support part 292 is positioned closer to the display field than the antireflection element 291.

[0124] The optical element 240 preferably has a structure in which a polarizing element, a retardation element, an antireflection element and / or the like are attached to the carrier part 292, which transmits visible light.

[0125] The overlapping of multiple display fields results in a height difference between them. Therefore, if an optical element 240 is attached to multiple display fields, air is likely to enter the interface between the optical element 240 and the display fields. Furthermore, in some cases, the display fields may no longer be removable after an optical element 240 has been attached to multiple display fields. Attaching the optical elements 240 to the display fields sequentially is more complex and could therefore increase the manufacturing time.

[0126] The use of the support element 292 can, for example, increase the strength of the optical element 240, increase its thickness, or facilitate its handling. Therefore, the optical element 240 can be attached sufficiently firmly to the display fields, and the amount of air at the interface between the optical element 240 and the display fields can be minimized. Height differences between the multiple display fields and creases in the display fields can be reduced by sufficiently firmly attaching the optical element 240 to the display fields. The optical element 240 and the display fields are preferably attached in such a way that they are sufficiently firmly connected to each other.The number of points for attaching the optical element 240 and the display fields is as small as possible; accordingly, the manufacturing process of the display device can be simplified, and the yield of the display device can be improved.

[0127] For example, a plastic sheet, such as an acrylic sheet or a polycarbonate sheet, a glass sheet or the like, can be used as the support part 292.

[0128] The optical element 240, which is in Fig. Figure 4C shows the antireflection element 291, an antireflection element 293, and the carrier part 292. The layer closest to the display field is the antireflection element 293, and the layer furthest from the display field is the antireflection element 291.

[0129] When an AR film is used for the antireflective element 291, the reflection of external light from a surface of the display device can be reduced. Alternatively, when an AG film is used for the antireflective element 291, the reflection of the environment of the display device on the surface of the display device can be suppressed.

[0130] Air exists between the optical element 240 and the display fields. If an AR film is used for the anti-reflective element 293, the reflection of light between the optical element 240 and the air can be suppressed.

[0131] Alternatively, if an AG film is used for the anti-reflective element 293, the reflection from the environment can be suppressed, and a user of the display device can easily see the display.

[0132] Fig. Figure 4D presents an example in which a circularly polarizing plate 295 is used as an optical element 240.

[0133] The circularly polarizing plate 295 comprises a linearly polarizing plate and a retardation plate. The linearly polarizing plate comprises, for example, a linearly polarizing layer between a pair of substrates. A quarter-wave plate or the like can be given as an example of a retardation plate. The linearly polarizing plate and the retardation plate are bonded together with an adhesive layer.

[0134] Using the circularly polarizing plate prevents a user of the display device from perceiving an overlap area due to the reflection of light from the surfaces of the display fields and within the display fields.

[0135] As in Fig. As shown in 4D, the circularly polarizing plate 295 preferably overlaps with a plurality of display fields. This structure can prevent a user of the display device from being distracted by the reflection of light from a side face of the display field (see a section framed by a dashed line in Fig. 4D) perceives a seam between display areas.

[0136] When the circularly polarizing plate is used as optical element 240, a highly optically isotropic substrate is preferably used for the substrates contained in the display fields.

[0137] Fig. Figure 4D presents an example in which a lower display area comprises a substrate 202a and a substrate 212a, which are highly optically isotropic, and an upper display area comprises a substrate 202b and a substrate 212b, which are also highly optically isotropic. Between substrates 202a and 212a, a region 155a, comprising a display element, and a region 156a, comprising a conductor electrically connected to the display element, are provided. Similarly, between substrates 202b and 212b, a region 155b, comprising a display element, and a region 156b, comprising a conductor electrically connected to the display element, are provided.

[0138] A highly optically isotropic substrate exhibits low birefringence (in other words: weak birefringence).

[0139] The absolute value of a retardation (phase difference) of a highly optically isotropic substrate is preferably less than or equal to 30 nm, more preferably less than or equal to 20 nm, and even more preferably less than or equal to 10 nm.

[0140] Examples of highly optically isotropic films include a triacetylcellulose (TAC, also known as cellulose triacetate) film, a cycloolefin polymer (COP) film, a cycloolefin copolymer (COC) film, and an acrylic film.

[0141] The optical element 240, which is in Fig. Figure 4E shows the circularly polarizing plate 295 and the support part 292. Either the support part 292 or the circularly polarizing plate 295 can be located closer to the display area. If the support part 292 is located closer to the display area than the circularly polarizing plate 295, the support part 292 is preferably highly optically isotropic. If the circularly polarizing plate 295 is located closer to the display area than the support part 292, the support part 292 does not necessarily need to be optically isotropic; therefore, the choice of materials that can be used for the support part 292 increases.

[0142] The optical element 240, which is used in both Fig. 4F as well as in Fig. As shown in 4G, the circularly polarizing plate 295, an antireflection element 296, and the support part 292 are included. The optical element 240, which is shown in Fig. As shown in 4F, the layer closest to the display field is the carrier part 292, and the layer furthest from the display field is the antireflection element 296. In the optical element 240, which is shown in Fig. 4G is represented by a layer located closest to the display field, the circularly polarizing plate 295, and a layer located furthest from the display field, the antireflection element 296.

[0143] An AR film is preferably used for the anti-reflective element 296. This film can reduce the reflection of external light from a surface of the display device. <Strukturbeispiel 2 des Anzeigefelds>

[0144] Fig. 5A is a top view of display field 100. Fig. 5B is an enlarged view of an area N located in Fig. 5A is framed by a dotted line.

[0145] Display field 100 comprises display area 101 and area 102. Area 102 comprises area 110, which transmits visible light, and area 120, which blocks visible light. Area 110, which transmits visible light, and area 120, which transmits visible light, are each adjacent to display area 101. In display field 100 in Fig. 5A provides the visible light-blocking area 110 along two sides of the display area 101. The width W of the visible light-transmitting area 110 along one side of the display area 101 can either be equal to or different from the visible light-transmitting area 110 along the other side. Fig. 5A is an example where the widths are the same.

[0146] If the substrate's heat resistance is low, it could deform due to heat during the pressure connection of an FPC. For example, no conduit is provided in a section that is in Fig. 5B is framed by a dotted line, and therefore, if a print connection head is in contact with the section, wrinkles are likely to occur in the display area. Therefore, as in Fig. Figure 5C shows a dummy line 121 preferably formed near the area to which an FPC is bonded by printing. By providing the dummy line 121 in the area where it comes into contact with the print connection head, the formation of wrinkles in the display field can be suppressed. The dummy line 121 is preferably formed using the same material and in the same step as the conductive layer contained in the display field. Therefore, an increase in the number of manufacturing steps due to the formation of the dummy line 121 can be avoided. <Strukturbeispiel 3 der Anzeigevorrichtung>

[0147] Fig. 5D and Fig. Figure 5E are perspective views of the display device 12, which differ from the one in Fig. 2A differs. The display device 12 in Fig. 5D and Fig. 5E comprises four display fields 100, which are in Fig. 5A is displayed and arranged in a 2 × 2 matrix (two display fields in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction). Fig. 5D is a perspective view of the display device 12 on the side of the display surface. Fig. 5E is a perspective view of the display device 12 on the side opposite the side of the display surface.

[0148] Fig. 5D and Fig. 5E represent examples in which each of the display fields is electrically connected to an FPC.

[0149] The display device 12, which is in Fig. 5D and Fig. The display shown in 5E includes display field 100a, display field 100b, display field 100c and display field 100d.

[0150] In Fig. 5D and Fig. 5E The narrow sides of display fields 100a and 100b overlap such that a portion of display area 101a and a portion of area 110b, which transmits visible light, overlap. Furthermore, the long sides of display fields 100a and 100c overlap such that a portion of display area 101a and a portion of area 110c, which transmits visible light, overlap.

[0151] In Fig. 5D and Fig. 5E A portion of display area 101b overlaps with a portion of area 110c, which transmits visible light, and with a portion of area 110d, which transmits visible light. Furthermore, a portion of display area 101c overlaps with a portion of area 110d, which transmits visible light.

[0152] Therefore, as in Fig. 5D shown, an area in which the display area 101a, the display area 101b, the display area 101c and a display area 101d are seamlessly placed, serving as display area 13 of the display device 12.

[0153] In the central section of the display device 12, the display field 100b is arranged above the display field 100a, the display field 100c is arranged above the display field 100b and the display field 100d is arranged above the display field 100c.

[0154] Here, the display field 100 preferably exhibits flexibility. For example, a pair of substrates contained in the display field 100 preferably exhibits flexibility.

[0155] Therefore, as in Fig. 5D and Fig. As shown in Figure 5E, an area near the FPC 112a of the display field 100a is bent such that part of the display field 100a and part of the FPC 112a can be positioned beneath the display area 101b of the display field 100b, which is adjacent to the FPC 112a. As a result, the FPC 112a can be positioned without causing any interfering physical contact with the back of the display field 100b. Furthermore, it is unnecessary to consider the thickness of the FPC 112a when the display field 100a and the display field 100b are fixed overlapping; thus, the upper side of the visible light-transmitting area 110b and the upper side of the display field 100a can be essentially on the same plane. This can cause the end section of display field 100b to become less noticeable above display area 101a.

[0156] Furthermore, each display field 100 exhibits flexibility, whereby in this case display field 100b can be slightly curved so that the upper side of display area 101b of display field 100b and the upper side of display area 101a of display field 100a lie on the same plane. Thus, the display areas can lie on the same plane, except for the immediate vicinity of an area where display field 100a and display field 100b overlap; consequently, the display quality of an image shown on display area 13 of the display device 12 can be improved.

[0157] Although the relationship between display field 100a and display field 100b has been given as an example in the preceding description, the same can be said for the relationship between any two other adjacent display fields.

[0158] Fig. 6A to Fig. 6E and Fig. 7A to Fig. 7D are examples of cross-sectional views of the two display panels that are attached to each other.

[0159] In Fig. 6A to Fig. 6E comprises a lower display field consisting of display area 101a, a visible light transmitting area 110a, and a visible light blocking area 120a. The lower display field is electrically connected to FPC 112a. An upper display field (display field on the side of the display surface) comprises display area 101b, visible light transmitting area 110b, and visible light blocking area 120b. The upper display field is electrically connected to FPC 112b.

[0160] In Fig. 6A, the FPC 112a and the FPC 112b are each connected to the side of the display surface (the front) of the lower display field and the side of the display surface of the upper display field.

[0161] Fig. Figure 6B provides an example in which two display panels with the above-described translucent layer 103 are partially attached to each other. Fig. 6B provides an example in which the width of the area 110b, which transmits visible light, is equal to that of the transparent layer 103.

[0162] Fig. Figure 6C provides an example in which the FPC 112a and the FPC 112b are connected to the side (the back) that is opposite the display surface of the lower display field and the side (the back) that is opposite the display surface of the upper display field, respectively.

[0163] In Fig. 6C provides the light-transmitting layer 103 between the area 120a of the lower display field, which blocks visible light, and the display area 101b of the upper display field.

[0164] When an FPC is connected to the rear of a lower display panel, an end section of the lower display panel can be attached to the rear of an upper display panel; thus, the mounting area can be increased, and the mechanical strength of the mounting section can be enhanced.

[0165] In Fig. In section 6D, the translucent layer 103 overlaps with an area of ​​the display area 101a that does not overlap with the upper display field. Furthermore, the visible light-transmitting area 110a and the translucent layer 103 overlap with each other.

[0166] Fine dirt, such as dust in the air, could adhere to the material of the translucent layer. In such a case, the area of ​​the display field 101a that does not overlap with the upper display field preferably does not overlap with the translucent layer 103. This allows any blurred display of the display device caused by dirt or similar substances adhering to the translucent layer 103 to be suppressed.

[0167] In Fig. 6E the translucent layer 103 overlaps with an area of ​​the upper display field that does not overlap with the display area 101a.

[0168] At the in Fig. In the structure shown in Figure 6E, the translucent layer is not provided on the outermost surface of the display surface of the display device; thus, an unclear display of the display device due to dirt or the like adhering to the translucent layer 103 can be prevented. Furthermore, if a translucent layer with adhesive properties is provided on the back of the display device, the display device can be detachably attached to a desired section by using a surface of the translucent layer that is not in contact with the display field.

[0169] In Fig. 7A A resin layer 131 covers the front faces of display field 100a and display field 100b. The resin layer 131 is preferably provided to cover the display areas of display fields 100a and 100b as well as an area where display field 100a overlaps with display field 100b.

[0170] By applying the resin layer 131 over these display fields 100, the mechanical strength of the display device 12 can be increased. Additionally, the resin layer 131 is designed to have a flat surface, which can improve the display quality of an image shown on the display area 13. For example, if a coating device such as a slit coater, a surface coater, an engraving coater, a roller coater, or a spin coater is used, the resin layer 131 can be formed with a high degree of flatness.

[0171] The refractive index of the resin layer 131 is preferably 0.8 to 1.2 times, more preferably 0.9 to 1.1 times, and even more preferably 0.95 to 1.15 times higher than the refractive index of the substrate on the side of the display surface of the display field 100. Light can be extracted more efficiently to the outside as the difference in refractive index between the display field 100 and the resin layer 131 decreases. Furthermore, the resin layer 131 is provided with a refractive index such that it covers a height difference section between the display field 100a and the display field 100b, making the height difference section barely perceptible and thus increasing the display quality of an image displayed on the display area 13.

[0172] Resin layer 131 allows visible light to pass through. For example, an organic resin such as an epoxy resin, an aramid resin, an acrylic resin, a polyimide resin, a polyamide resin, or a polyamide-imide resin can be used as resin layer 131.

[0173] Alternatively, as in Fig. Figure 7B shows that a protective substrate 132 is preferably provided over the display device 12, with the resin layer 131 provided in between. In this case, the resin layer 131 can serve as an adhesive layer for bonding the protective substrate 132 to the display device 12.

[0174] The protective substrate 132 protects the surface of the display device 12 and also increases the mechanical strength of the display device 12. A translucent material is used for the protective substrate 132 at least in an area that overlaps with the display area 13. Furthermore, the protective substrate 132 can be opaque in an area other than the one overlapping with the display area 13, so that it remains undetectable.

[0175] The protective substrate 132 can serve as a touchscreen. If the display field 100 is flexible and can be bent, the protective substrate 132 is preferably also flexible.

[0176] Furthermore, the difference in refractive index between the protective substrate 132 and the substrate on the side of the display surface of the display field 100 or the resin layer 131 is preferably less than or equal to 20%, more preferably less than or equal to 10%, and even more preferably less than or equal to 5%.

[0177] A film-formed plastic substrate can be used as the protective substrate 132. The plastic substrate can be a polyester resin, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), a polyacrylonitrile resin, a polyimide resin, a polymethyl methacrylate resin, a polycarbonate (PC) resin, a polyethersulfone (PES) resin, a polyamide resin (e.g., nylon or aramid), a polycycloolefin resin, a polystyrene resin, a polyamide-imide resin, a polyvinyl chloride resin, a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) resin, a polysulfone (PSF) resin, a polyetherimide (PEI) resin, a polyarylate (PAR) resin, a polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) resin, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin, a silicone resin, or the like.Alternatively, a substrate in which a fibrous material is impregnated with a resin (also known as prepreg) or a substrate whose coefficient of linear expansion is reduced by adding an inorganic filler to an organic resin can be used.The protective substrate 132 is not limited to the resin film, and one can use a transparent nonwoven fabric formed by processing a semi-finished fabric into a continuous layer of material, a layer of material comprising a protein-containing artificial spider silk fiber called fibroin, a complex in which the transparent nonwoven fabric or layer of material and a resin are mixed, a layered arrangement of a resin film and a nonwoven fabric containing a cellulose fiber with a fiber width of 4 nm or greater and 100 nm or less, or a layered arrangement of a resin film and a layer of material comprising an artificial spider silk fiber.

[0178] It should be noted that the display device or display field of an embodiment of the present invention may be attached to an acrylic plate, a glass plate, a wooden plate, a metal plate, or the like. The display surface of the display device or that of the display field, or the surface opposite the display surface of the latter, may be attached to these plates (in the case where the display surface is attached to any of these plates, a plate that transmits visible light is used). The display device or the display field is preferably detachably attached to one of these plates.

[0179] At least one of the following can be used as the protective substrate 132: a polarizing plate, a circularly polarizing plate, a retardation plate, an optical film, or the like. The optical element 240 described above can be used for the protective substrate 132.

[0180] Preferably, in cases where the display panel is mounted on a plate, not only the display panel but also the plate are hardly deformed by temperature changes. For example, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the plate is preferably less than or equal to 60 ppm / °C, more preferably less than or equal to 30 ppm / °C. For example, a metal plate, such as an aluminum plate, or a glass epoxy plate can be advantageously used.

[0181] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 7C, a resin layer 133 and a protective substrate 134 can be provided on surfaces opposite the display surfaces of the display fields 100a and 100b. By providing a substrate that supports the display fields on their backs, unintentional warping or bending of the display fields can be prevented, thus keeping the display surfaces flat. This improves the display quality of an image shown on the display area 13.

[0182] It should be noted that the resin layer 133 and the protective substrate 134, which are provided on the sides opposite the display surfaces, do not necessarily have light transmittance and that a material that absorbs or reflects visible light may be used.

[0183] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 7D, the resin layer 131 and the protective substrate 132 can be provided on the front sides of the display fields, and the resin layer 133 and the protective substrate 134 can be provided on the back sides. In this way, the display fields 100a and 100b are located between the two protective substrates, which further increases the mechanical strength of the display device 12.

[0184] Preferably, the total thickness of the resin layer 131 and the protective substrate 132 is approximately equal to that of the resin layer 133 and the protective substrate 134. It is particularly preferred, for example, that the thicknesses of the resin layers 131 and 133 are substantially equal and that materials of the same thickness are used for the protective substrates 132 and 134. In this case, the display fields 100 can be located at the center of the layer arrangement in the thickness direction. If, for example, the layer arrangement comprising the display fields 100 at its center in the thickness direction is bent, a stress exerted on the display fields 100 during bending in the transverse direction can be reduced, thereby preventing damage to the display fields 100.

[0185] In the case where, for example, the thicknesses of the resin layer and the protective substrate differ between an end section and a central section of the display device, the total thickness of the resin layer 131 and the protective substrate 132 and that of the resin layer 133 and the protective substrate 134 are preferably compared under the same condition, which is appropriately selected from the following conditions: the average thickness, the greatest thickness, the smallest thickness, and the like.

[0186] In Fig. 7D, preferably the same material is used for the resin layers 131 and 133, as this reduces manufacturing costs. Similarly, the same material is preferably used for the protective substrates 132 and 134, as this reduces manufacturing costs.

[0187] As in Fig. 7C and Fig. As shown in Figure 7D, preferably an opening is provided for guiding the FPC 112a in the resin layer 133 and the protective substrate 134, which are arranged on the back sides of the display fields 100a and 100b. As shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 7D, the mechanical strength at a connection section between the display panel 100a and the FPC 112a can be increased, particularly when the resin layer 133 is provided to cover part of the FPC 112a, and defects such as detachment of the FPC 112a can be prevented. Similarly, the resin layer 133 is preferably provided to cover part of the FPC 112b.

[0188] Next, a structural example of display field 100 will be described. Fig. 8A is an example of a top view in which area P is in Fig. 5A is enlarged, and Fig. 8B is an example of a top view in which the area Q is in Fig. 5A is enlarged.

[0189] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 8A, a plurality of pixels 141 are arranged in a matrix within the display area 101. If the display area 100 is configured for full-color display with three colors (red, blue, and green), each of the pixels 141 corresponds to a subpixel capable of displaying one of the three colors. In addition to the subpixels capable of displaying one of the three colors, a subpixel capable of displaying white or yellow may also be provided. An area encompassing the pixels 141 corresponds to the display area 101.

[0190] A line 142a and a line 142b are electrically connected to each pixel 141. Lines 142a each cross line 142b and are electrically connected to a circuit 143a. Lines 142b are electrically connected to a circuit 143b. One of the circuits 143a and 143b can serve as a sample line driver circuit, and the other can serve as a signal line driver circuit. Circuit 143a and / or circuit 143b are not necessarily provided.

[0191] In Fig. 8A provides a multitude of lines 145 which are electrically connected to circuit 143a or circuit 143b. Line 145 is electrically connected to an FPC 123 in an area not shown and has a function for supplying an external signal to circuits 143a and 143b.

[0192] In Fig. 8A corresponds to an area that includes circuit 143a, circuit 143b, the multitude of lines 145 and the like, area 120 that blocks visible light.

[0193] In Fig. 8B corresponds to an area outside pixel 141 that is located closest to the end, area 110, which transmits visible light. Area 110, which transmits visible light, does not include any light-blocking components, such as pixel 141, line 142a, and line 142b. It should be noted that if a portion of pixel 141, line 142a, or line 142b transmits visible light, that portion may extend up to area 110, which transmits visible light.

[0194] In the case where the width of the area 110, which transmits visible light, differs between the display fields, or in the case where the width varies depending on the position within a display field, the shortest length can be designated as width W. Fig. 8B is the distance between pixel 141 and the end section of the substrate (i.e. the width W of the area 110 which transmits visible light) in the longitudinal direction equal to that in the transverse direction; however, one embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0195] Fig. 8C is a cross-sectional view along line A1-A2 in Fig. 8B. The display field 100 comprises a pair of substrates (a substrate 151 and a substrate 152) that transmit visible light. The substrate 151 and the substrate 152 are connected to each other by an adhesive layer 154. Here, the substrate on which the pixel 141, the line 142b, and the like have been formed is referred to as substrate 151.

[0196] As in Fig. 8B and Fig. As shown in 8C, in the case where pixel 141 is positioned closest to the end of the display area 101, the width of the area 110 that transmits visible light corresponds to the distance between the end section of substrate 151 or substrate 152 and the end section of pixel 141.

[0197] It should be noted that the end section of pixel 141 refers to the end section of the device that is positioned closest to the end and blocks visible light in pixel 141. Alternatively, if a light-emitting element comprising a layer containing a light-emitting organic compound between a pair of electrodes (also referred to as an organic EL element) is used as pixel 141, the end section of pixel 141 can be any of the following: the end section of the lower electrode, the end section of the layer containing a light-emitting organic compound, and the end section of the upper electrode.

[0198] Fig. Figure 9A is an example of a top view in which area Q is magnified; the position of line 142a differs from that in Fig. 8B. Fig. 9B is a cross-sectional view along line B1-B2 in Fig. 9A, and Fig. 9C is a cross-sectional view along the line C1-C2 in Fig. 9A.

[0199] As in Fig. 9A to Fig. As shown in Figure 9C, in the case where the line 142a is positioned closest to the end of the display area 101, the width W of the area 110 that transmits visible light corresponds to the distance between the end section of the substrate 151 or substrate 152 and the end section of the line 142a. In the case where the line 142a transmits visible light, the area 110 that transmits visible light can include an area in which the line 142a is provided. <Strukturbeispiel des Licht emittierenden Elements>

[0200] Fig. 10A and Fig. Figure 10B shows structural examples of the light-emitting element contained in the display panel.

[0201] For example, the display field comprises a first light-emitting element 1105R, a second light-emitting element 1105G, and a third light-emitting element 1105B, which are in Fig. 10A or Fig. 10B. The display field can also include a color filter 1104R, a color filter 1104G and a color filter 1104B, which are shown in Fig. 10B will be displayed.

[0202] In Fig. The first light-emitting element 1105R comprises a first electrode 1101, an EL layer 1103R, and a second electrode 1102. The second light-emitting element 1105G comprises the first electrode 1101, an EL layer 1103G, and the second electrode 1102. The third light-emitting element 1105B comprises the first electrode 1101, an EL layer 1103B, and the second electrode 1102. It should be noted that the EL layers contained in the three light-emitting elements are made of different materials, either partially or entirely, and are formed using separate coloring processes. This means that, for example, EL layer 1103R can be an EL layer that emits red light, EL layer 1103G can be an EL layer that emits green light, and EL layer 1103B can be an EL layer that emits blue light.

[0203] At least one of the electrodes (in the case of Fig. 10A the second electrode 1102, which is located in the direction of the arrow in which light is emitted from the EL layer), which are contained in each of the light-emitting elements, is preferably formed using a translucent conductive material.

[0204] In Fig. The first light-emitting element 1105R, the second light-emitting element 1105G, and the third light-emitting element 1105B each comprise the first electrode 1101, an EL layer 1103, and the second electrode 1102. The color filter 1104R is provided in an area that overlaps with the first light-emitting element 1105R. The color filter 1104G is provided in an area that overlaps with the second light-emitting element 1105G. The color filter 1104B is provided in an area that overlaps with the third light-emitting element 1105B. It should be noted that the light-emitting elements share the same EL layer 1103.

[0205] The second electrode 1102, which is in each of the in Fig. The light-emitting element shown in Figure 10B is preferably formed using a translucent conductive material. Accordingly, red light 1106R from light emitted by the EL layer 1103 can be extracted from the first light-emitting element 1105R via the color filter 1104R. Furthermore, green light 1106G from light emitted by the EL layer 1103 can be extracted from the second light-emitting element 1105G via the color filter 1104G. In addition, blue light 1106B from light emitted by the EL layer 1103 can be extracted from the third light-emitting element 1105B via the color filter 1104B. This means that the 1104R color filter has a function to transmit red light, the 1104G color filter has a function to transmit green light, and the 1104B color filter has a function to transmit blue light.

[0206] Although in Fig. 10A and Fig. Not shown in Figure 10B, the first light-emitting element 1105R, the second light-emitting element 1105G and the third light-emitting element 1105B can each be electrically connected to a transistor that controls a light emission.

[0207] The EL layers, which are in Fig. 10A and Fig. The layers shown in Figure 10B each comprise functional layers, such as a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting substance, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer. In the case of stacked EL layers, a charge generation layer is located between the EL layers.

[0208] The light-emitting layers that are in the Fig. 10A and Fig. The EL layers shown in Figure 10B may contain one or more types of organic compounds in addition to the light-emitting substance. Light-emitting substances of different colors may be mixed within a single light-emitting layer. Alternatively, light-emitting substances of different colors may be contained within stacked light-emitting layers. In the case where the light-emitting elements are contained in Fig. 10A and Fig. As illustrated in Figure 10B, each comprising a plurality of EL layers, a charge-generating layer, as described above, is provided between the EL layers. In this case, the EL layers preferably emit light of different colors.

[0209] The first light-emitting element 1105R, the second light-emitting element 1105G and the third light-emitting element 1105B, which are in Fig. As shown in diagram 10B, the EL layer 1103 is used together. In this case, light of different colors can be obtained from the light-emitting elements, while the EL layer 1103 emits white light.

[0210] In the case where, as in Fig. As shown in Figure 10B, the light emitted by the EL layer 1103 is white light, which is obtained by mixing light of a variety of wavelengths. A microcavity structure is preferably used, whereby the first electrode 1101 is used as a reflective electrode and the second electrode 1102 as a transflective electrode to amplify light of a specific wavelength. It should be noted that a microcavity structure can also be used in the case where, as shown in Figure 10B, the light emitted by the EL layer 1103 is white light. Fig. As shown in Figure 10A, the EL layers are formed separately for each light-emitting element.

[0211] Since the first light-emitting element 1105R, which is in Fig. 10A or Fig. Since the first electrode 1101, as shown in Figure 10B, is a light-emitting element that emits red light, the thickness of the first electrode 1101 is preferably adjusted such that the optical path length between the first electrode 1101 and the second electrode 1102 can be set to an optical path length that increases the emission intensity of red light. Since the second light-emitting element 1105G is a light-emitting element that emits green light, the thickness of the first electrode 1101 is further preferably adjusted so that the optical path length between the first electrode 1101 and the second electrode 1102 can be set to an optical path length that increases the emission intensity of green light.Since the third light-emitting element 1105B is a light-emitting element that emits blue light, the thickness of the first electrode 1101 is additionally preferably adjusted so that an optical path length between the first electrode 1101 and the second electrode 1102 can be set to an optical path length that increases the emission intensity of blue light.

[0212] In the case where, as in Fig. As shown in Figure 10B, the light emitted by the EL layer 1103 is white light. Therefore, it is desirable that the red, green, and blue light, which together constitute white light, have independent emission spectra that do not overlap, in order to prevent a reduction in color purity. In particular, it is highly likely that the emission spectra of green light and red light will overlap because their peak wavelengths are close together. The light-emitting substances contained in the EL layer and the multilayer structure of the EL layer are important in preventing such an overlap of emission spectra.Although the number of steps in the case of a display field comprising a common EL layer may be smaller than in the case of a display field comprising separately formed EL layers, it is difficult to select the light-emitting substances and to design the multilayer structure of the EL layer in such a way as to prevent the overlap of different emission spectra. An embodiment of the present invention can provide not only a display field with advantageous chromaticity for each emission color, but also a display field in which, in particular, the overlap of different emission spectra is prevented and the chromaticity for each emission color is advantageous when a common light-emitting layer emitting white light is included.

[0213] The display field described in this embodiment comprises a multitude of light-emitting elements and can display a full-color image. Currently, several standards are established as quality indicators for full-color displays.

[0214] For example, the sRGB standard is widely used. It is an international standard for color spaces and was defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) to standardize color reproduction in devices such as displays, printers, digital cameras, and scanners. It should be noted that in the sRGB standard, the chromaticities (x, y) are based on the CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates (x,y chromaticity coordinates) defined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE): red (R) (0.640, 0.330), green (G) (0.300, 0.600), and blue (B) (0.150, 0.060).

[0215] In the NTSC standard, which is a color scale standard for analog television systems and was defined by the National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) in America, the chromaticities (x, y) are for red (R) (0.670, 0.330), for green (G) (0.210, 0.710) and for blue (B) (0.140, 0.080).

[0216] In the DCI-P3 standard (defined by Digital Cinema Initiatives, LLC), which is the international unified standard used in the distribution of digital films (cinema), the chromaticities (x, y) are for red (R) (0.680, 0.320), for green (G) (0.265, 0.690) and for blue (B) (0.150, 0.060).

[0217] In the ITU-R Recommendation BT.2020 (hereinafter referred to as BT.2020) for Ultra-High-Definition Television (UHDTV, also referred to as Super Hi-Vision), which is the standard defined by the Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK), the chromaticities (x, y) are for red (0.708, 0.292), for green (0.170, 0.797) and for blue (0.131, 0.046).

[0218] As described above, various standards for displays have been defined. The display field of an embodiment of the present invention comprises light-emitting elements (a light-emitting element that emits red light, a light-emitting element that emits green light, and a light-emitting element that emits blue light) that emit light whose chromaticities lie within the chromaticity ranges (a range A, a range B, and a range C) defined by color coordinates in Fig. 11. In particular, the display field comprises at least the first light-emitting element 1105R, from which the red light 1106R can be obtained, the second light-emitting element 1105G, from which the green light 1106G can be obtained, and the third light-emitting element 1105B, from which the blue light 1106B can be obtained. Light obtained from the first light-emitting element 1105R has a chromaticity that is within the range A in the color coordinates in Fig. 11 lies within the range B in the color coordinates in the CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate x of greater than 0.680 and less than or equal to 0.720, and a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate y of greater than or equal to 0.260 and less than or equal to 0.320. Light obtained from the second light-emitting element 1105G has a chromaticity that lies within the range B in the color coordinates in the CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates. Fig. 11 lies, i.e., it has a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate x of greater than or equal to 0.130 and less than or equal to 0.250, and a CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinate y of greater than 0.710 and less than or equal to 0.810. Light obtained from the third light-emitting element 1105B has a chromaticity that lies within the range C in the color coordinates in Fig. 11 lies, i.e., it has a CIE-1931 chromaticity coordinate x of greater than or equal to 0.120 and less than or equal to 0.170, and a CIE-1931 chromaticity coordinate y of greater than or equal to 0.020 and less than 0.060. It should be noted that, as in Fig. As shown in Figure 10B, a structure can be used in which the light-emitting elements and the color filters are used in combination, and the light emissions obtained from the light-emitting elements through the color filters exhibit chromaticities that lie within the aforementioned chromaticity ranges. A display panel incorporating such light-emitting elements can provide high-quality full-color displays. It is needless to mention that, as shown in Fig. Figure 10A shows a structure that can achieve the chromaticities that lie within the above chromaticity ranges without the use of color filters.

[0219] It should be noted that the peak wavelength of the emission spectrum of the first light-emitting element 1105R, which is in Fig. 10A is shown, preferably greater than or equal to 620 nm and less than or equal to 680 nm. The peak wavelength of the emission spectrum of the second light-emitting element 1105G, which is shown in Fig. The peak wavelength of the emission spectrum of the third light-emitting element 1105B, shown in Figure 10A, is preferably greater than or equal to 500 nm and less than or equal to 530 nm. Fig. The wavelength shown in Figure 10A is preferably greater than or equal to 430 nm and less than or equal to 460 nm. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission spectra of the first light-emitting element 1105R, the second light-emitting element 1105G, and the third light-emitting element 1105B are preferably greater than or equal to 5 nm and less than or equal to 45 nm, greater than or equal to 5 nm and less than or equal to 35 nm, and greater than or equal to 5 nm and less than or equal to 25 nm, respectively. The peak wavelengths and FWHM of emission spectra of light passing through the color filters shown in Figure 10A are preferably determined by the following formulas: Fig. The values ​​shown in 10B are preferably similar.

[0220] In one embodiment of the present invention, the aforementioned chromaticities are preferably obtained such that the area ratio with respect to the BT.2020 color space in the CIE chromaticity coordinates (x, y) may be higher than or equal to 80%, preferably higher than or equal to 90%, or the color space coverage may be higher than or equal to 75%, preferably higher than or equal to 85%.

[0221] The chromaticities can be measured using any luminance colorimeter, a spectroradiometer, or an emission spectrometer, and it is sufficient if the chromaticities described above are met in any one of these measurements. It should be noted that preferably the chromaticities described above are met in all of these measurements.

[0222] In one embodiment of the present invention, the same material is used for the layer forming the hole transport layer and in contact with the hole injection layer in each of the light-emitting elements of different colors. For example, the hole transport layer in the light-emitting element that emits red light and the layer in the light-emitting element that emits green light each comprise a first hole transport layer in contact with the hole injection layer and a second hole transport layer in contact with the light-emitting layer. The hole transport layer in the light-emitting element that emits blue light comprises only the first hole transport layer, which is in contact with both the hole injection layer and the light-emitting layer.

[0223] It should be noted that in an element that emits blue fluorescence, the HOMO and LUMO levels of a host material in a light-emitting layer are low. Depending on the material used for a hole injection layer, the HOMO level of a hole transport layer often needs to be shallow so that electrons can be extracted from the hole injection layer. In this case, the hole transport layer must have a structure in which a layer with a shallow HOMO level and a layer with a deep HOMO level are arranged sequentially on top of each other. In one embodiment of the present invention, a composite layer of a hole transport material and a metal oxide is used as the hole injection layer. The use of a hole transport material with a deep HOMO level for the composite layer allows the hole transport layer to be formed using a hole transport material with a deep HOMO level.Accordingly, even if the hole transport layer has a single-layer structure, holes can be injected into the light-emitting layer, which emits blue fluorescence.

[0224] For each of the light-emitting elements of different colors, the hole injection layer and the first hole transport layer preferably contain the same hole transport material.

[0225] In both the red-emitting element and the green-emitting element, the second hole transport layer can be used to regulate the optical path length. The material used for the second hole transport layer preferably has a flatter HOMO level than that used for the first hole transport layer. This reduces the power consumption of both the red-emitting and green-emitting elements. Preferably, the material contained in the second hole transport layer is also present in the light-emitting layer of the red-emitting element and in the light-emitting layer of the green-emitting element.

[0226] As described above, the display device of an embodiment of the present invention can display an image with a wide color gamut and can have a wide display area in which a seam is less likely to be perceived.

[0227] This embodiment can be combined with any of the other embodiments as required. In cases where several structural examples are described for one embodiment in this description, some of the structural examples can be combined as needed. (Version 2)

[0228] In this embodiment, a light-emitting element and a light-emitting field, which can be used for the display device of an embodiment of the present invention, are provided by means of Fig. 12A to Fig. 12D as well Fig. 13A and Fig. 13B described. <<Grundlegende Struktur eines Licht emittierenden Elements> >

[0229] A basic structure of a light-emitting element is described. Fig. 12A represents a light-emitting element comprising an EL layer between a pair of electrodes. In particular, an EL layer 1203 is provided between a first electrode 1201 and a second electrode 1202 (single-layer structure). The EL layer 1203 comprises at least one light-emitting layer.

[0230] The light-emitting element can comprise a variety of EL layers between the electrode pair. Fig. 12B represents a light-emitting element having a multilayer structure (tandem structure) in which two EL layers (EL layers 1203a and 1203b) are provided between an electrode pair and a charge-generating layer 1204 is provided between the two EL layers. Using such a light-emitting tandem element, a light-emitting field with low power consumption, which can be operated at a low voltage, can be obtained.

[0231] The charge-generating layer 1204 has a function for injecting electrons into one of the EL layers 1203a and 1203b and for injecting holes into the other of the EL layers when a voltage is applied between the first electrode 1201 and the second electrode 1202. Therefore, injected into Fig. 12B the charge generation layer 1204 injects electrons into the EL layer 1203a and injects holes into the EL layer 1203b when a voltage is applied to the first electrode 1201 such that the potential of the first electrode 1201 becomes higher than that of the second electrode 1202.

[0232] It should be noted that, with regard to light extraction efficiency, the charge-generating layer 1204 preferably transmits visible light (in particular, the visible light transmittance of the charge-generating layer 1204 is 40% or higher). Furthermore, the charge-generating layer 1204 functions even if it has a lower conductivity than the first electrode 1201 or the second electrode 1202.

[0233] Fig. 12C represents a multilayer structure of the EL layer 1203. In this case, the first electrode 1201 is considered to serve as the anode. The EL layer 1203 has a structure in which a hole injection layer 1211, a hole transport layer 1212, a light-emitting layer 1213, an electron transport layer 1214, and an electron injection layer 1215 are arranged in that order over the first electrode 1201. Even in the case where a multitude of EL layers are present, as in the case described in Fig. As provided in the tandem structure shown in Figure 12B, the layers in each EL layer are arranged sequentially from the anode side, as described above. If the first electrode 1201 is a cathode and the second electrode 1202 is an anode, the order of the layers is reversed.

[0234] The light-emitting layer 1213 contains a light-emitting substance and a variety of substances in a suitable combination to produce fluorescence or phosphorescence of a desired emission color. The light-emitting layer 1213 can have a multilayered structure with different emission colors. In this case, the light-emitting substances and other substances between the stacked light-emitting layers are different. Alternatively, the numerous EL layers (EL layers 1203a and 1203b) can be arranged in Fig. 12B exhibit their respective emission colors. In this case too, light-emitting substances and other substances between the light-emitting layers are different.

[0235] For example, the light-emitting element can employ an optical microresonator (microcavity) structure, in which the first electrode 1201 is located in Fig. 12C is a reflective electrode and the second electrode 1202 is a transflective electrode, whereby light emission from the light-emitting layer 1213 in the EL layer 1203 between the electrodes can be brought to resonance and light passing through and exiting the second electrode 1202 can be amplified.

[0236] It should be noted that if the first electrode 1201 of the light-emitting element is a reflective electrode with a structure in which a reflective conductive material and a translucent conductive material (a transparent conductive film) are arranged one above the other, optical matching can be achieved by controlling the thickness of the transparent conductive film. In particular, if the wavelength of light from the light-emitting layer 1213 is λ, the distance between the first electrode 1201 and the second electrode 1202 is preferably adjusted to approximately mλ / 2 (m being a natural number).

[0237] To amplify the desired light (wavelength: λ) received from the light-emitting layer 1213, the optical path length from the first electrode 1201 to a region where the desired light is received in the light-emitting layer 1213 (a light-emitting region), and the optical path length from the second electrode 1202 to the region where the desired light is received in the light-emitting layer 1213 (the light-emitting region), are preferably adjusted to approximately (2m'+1)λ / 4 (m is a natural number). Here, the light-emitting region denotes a region where holes and electrons recombine in the light-emitting layer 1213.

[0238] By such an optical adjustment, the spectrum of specific monochromatic light obtained from the light-emitting layer 1213 can be narrowed and light emission with high color purity can be obtained.

[0239] In this case, the optical path length between the first electrode 1201 and the second electrode 1202 is more precisely the total thickness from a reflection region in the first electrode 1201 to a reflection region in the second electrode 1202. However, it is difficult to determine the reflection regions in the first electrode 1201 and the second electrode 1202 precisely; therefore, it is assumed that the aforementioned effect can be achieved sufficiently regardless of the location of the reflection regions in the first electrode 1201 and the second electrode 1202. Furthermore, the optical path length between the first electrode 1201 and the light-emitting layer that emits the desired light is more precisely the optical path length between the reflection region in the first electrode 1201 and the light-emitting region in the light-emitting layer that emits the desired light.However, it is difficult to precisely determine the reflection area in the first electrode 1201 and the light-emitting area in the light-emitting layer that emits the desired light; therefore, it is assumed that the above effect can be sufficiently achieved regardless of where the reflection area and the light-emitting area are located in the first electrode 1201 and the light-emitting layer that emits the desired light.

[0240] The light-emitting element in Fig. 12C features a microcavity structure, allowing light (monochromatic light) of different wavelengths to be extracted, even using the same EL layer. Therefore, separate color layers are unnecessary for obtaining a variety of emission colors (e.g., red, green, and blue). This makes it easy to achieve high resolution. It should be noted that combining it with color layers (color filters) is also possible. Furthermore, the emission intensity of light with a specific wavelength can be increased in the forward direction, thereby reducing power consumption.

[0241] The first electrode 1201 and / or the second electrode 1202 are / are a translucent electrode (e.g., a transparent electrode or a transflective electrode). If the translucent electrode is a transparent electrode, it has a visible light transmittance of 40% or higher. If the translucent electrode is a transflective electrode, it has a visible light reflectance of 20% or higher and 80% or lower, preferably 40% or higher and 70% or lower. These electrodes preferably have a resistivity of 1 × 10⁻⁶ -2 Ωcm or less.

[0242] If the first electrode 1201 or the second electrode 1202 is a reflective electrode, the reflectivity for visible light of the reflective electrode is greater than or equal to 40% and less than or equal to 100%, and preferably greater than or equal to 70% and less than or equal to 100%. This electrode preferably has a resistivity of 1 × 10 -2 Ωcm or less. <<Spezifische Struktur und Herstellungsverfahren eines Licht emittierenden Elements> >

[0243] Specific structures and manufacturing processes for light-emitting elements are described. Here, a light-emitting element with the tandem structure in Fig. 12B and a microcavity structure based on Fig. 12D described. In the case of the light-emitting element in Fig. In 12D, the first electrode 1201 is configured as a reflective electrode, and the second electrode 1202 is configured as a transflective electrode. Therefore, a single-layer or multi-layer structure can be formed using one or more types of desired conductive materials. It should be noted that the second electrode 1202 is formed after the formation of the EL layer 1203b, using a material selected as described above. A sputtering process or a vacuum evaporation process can be used to fabricate these electrodes. <Erste Elektrode und zweite Elektrode>

[0244] Any of the materials listed below, in a suitable combination, may be used for the first electrode 1201 and the second electrode 1202, provided that the functions of the electrodes described above can be fulfilled. For example, a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, a mixture thereof, and the like may be used in a suitable manner. In particular, an In-Sn oxide (also known as ITO), an In-Si-Sn oxide (also known as ITSO), an In-Zn oxide, an In-W-Zn oxide, or the like may be used. Furthermore, a metal, such as…Aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn), indium (In), tin (Sn), molybdenum (Mo), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), yttrium (Y), or neodymium (Nd), or an alloy containing a suitable combination of any of these metals, may be used. An element of Group 1 or an element of Group 2 of the periodic table not described above (e.g., lithium (Li), cesium (Cs), calcium (Ca), or strontium (Sr)), a rare-earth metal such as europium (Eu) or ytterbium (Yb), an alloy containing a suitable combination of any of these elements, graphene, or the like may also be used.

[0245] The light-emitting element in Fig. When the first electrode 1201 is an anode, a hole injection layer 1211a and a hole transport layer 1212a of the EL layer 1203a are sequentially deposited over the first electrode 1201 by a vacuum evaporation process. After the EL layer 1203a and the charge generation layer 1204 have been formed, a hole injection layer 1211b and a hole transport layer 1212b of the EL layer 1203b are similarly deposited sequentially over the charge generation layer 1204. <Lochinjektionsschicht und Lochtransportschicht>

[0246] The hole injection layers (1211, 1211a and 1211b) inject holes from the first electrode 1201, which is an anode, and the charge generation layer (1204) into the EL layers (1203, 1203a and 1203b) and each contain a material with a high hole injection property.

[0247] Examples of materials with high hole injection properties include transition metal oxides such as molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, ruthenium oxide, tungsten oxide, and manganese oxide. Alternatively, any of the following materials can be used: phthalocyanine-based compounds, such as phthalocyanine (abbreviation: H₂Pc) and copper phthalocyanine (abbreviation: CuPc); aromatic amine compounds, such as 4,4'-bis[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviation: DPAB) and N,N'-bis{4-[bis(3-methylphenyl)amino]phenyl}-N,N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (abbreviation: DNTPD); high-molecular-weight compounds, such as... B. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / Poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (abbreviation: PEDOT / PSS); and the like.

[0248] Alternatively, a composite material containing a hole transport material and an acceptor material (electron acceptor material) can be used as a material with high hole injection properties. In this case, the acceptor material extracts electrons from a hole transport material, so that holes are created in the hole injection layers (1211, 1211a and 1211b) and the holes are injected through the hole transport layers (1212, 1212a and 1212b) into the light-emitting layers (1213, 1213a and 1213b).It should be noted that each of the hole injection layers (1211, 1211a and 1211b) can be designed to have a single-layer structure using a composite material containing a hole transport material and an acceptor material (electron acceptor material), or a multi-layer structure in which a layer containing a hole transport material and a layer containing an acceptor material (electron acceptor material) are arranged on top of each other.

[0249] The hole transport layers (1212, 1212a and 1212b) transport the holes injected by the hole injection layers (1211, 1211a and 1211b) from the first electrode 1201 to the light-emitting layers (1213, 1213a and 1213b). It should be noted that the hole transport layers (1212, 1212a and 1212b) each contain a hole transport material. It is particularly preferred that the HOMO level of the hole transport material contained in the hole transport layers (1212, 1212a and 1212b) is equal to or close to that of the hole injection layers (1211, 1211a and 1211b).

[0250] Examples of the acceptor material used for the hole injection layers (1211a and 1211b) include an oxide of a metal belonging to one of groups 4 to 8 of the periodic table. Specific examples include molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, and rhenium oxide. Among these, molybdenum oxide is particularly preferred because it is stable in air, has low hygroscopic properties, and is easy to handle. Alternatively, organic acceptors such as a quinodimethane derivative, a chloranil derivative, and a hexaazatriphenylene derivative can be used. In particular, 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroquinodimethane (abbreviation: F4-TCNQ), chloranil, 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacyano-1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene (abbreviation: HAT-CN) or the like may be used.

[0251] The hole transport materials used for the hole injection layers (1211, 1211a and 1211b) and the hole transport layers (1212, 1212a and 1212b) are preferably substances with a hole mobility of greater than or equal to 10 -6 cm 2 / Vs. It should be noted that other substances can be used as long as the substances have a hole transport property that is higher than an electron transport property.

[0252] Preferred hole transport materials are π-electron-rich heteroaromatic compounds (e.g., carbazole derivatives and indole derivatives) and aromatic amine compounds; examples include compounds with an aromatic amine skeleton, such as... B. 4,4'-Bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviation: NPB or α-NPD), N,N'-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (abbreviation: TPD), 4,4'-Bis[N-(spiro-9,9'-bifluoren-2-yl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviation: BSPB), 4-Phenyl-4'-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: BPAFLP), 4-Phenyl-3'-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: mBPAFLP), 4-Phenyl-4'-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBA1BP), 3-[4-(9-Phenanthryl)-phenyl]-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: PCPPn), N-(4-biphenyl)-N-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-amine (abbreviation: PCBiF), N-(1,1'-Biphenyl-4-yl)-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl]-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBBiF), 4,4'-Diphenyl-4"-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBBi1BP), 4-(1-naphthyl)-4'-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBANB), 4,4'-Di(1-naphthyl)-4"-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBNBB), 9,9-dimethyl-N-phenyl-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl]fluoren-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBAF), N-Phenyl-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl]spiro-9,9'-bifluoren-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBASF), 4,4',4"-Tris(carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: TCTA), 4,4',4"-Tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (abbreviation: TDATA) and 4,4',4"-Tris[N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-phenylamino]triphenylamine (abbreviation: MTDATA); compounds with a carbazole skeleton, such as 1,3-Bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (abbreviation: mCP), 4,4'-Di(N-carbazolyl)biphenyl (abbreviation: CBP), 3,6-Bis(3,5-diphenylphenyl)-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: CzTP), 3,3'-Bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole) (abbreviation: PCCP), 3-[N-(9-Phenylcarbazol-3-yl)-N-phenylamino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCA1), 3,6-Bis[N-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)-N-phenylamino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCA2), 3-[N-(1-Naphthyl)-N-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)amino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCN1), 1,3,5-Tris[4-(N-carbazolyl)phenyl]benzene (abbreviation: TCPB) and 9-[4-(10-Phenyl-9-anthracenyl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: CzPA); compounds with a thiophene skeleton, such as... B. 4,4',4"-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tri(dibenzothiophene) (abbreviation: DBT3P-II), 2,8-diphenyl-4-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]dibenzothiophene (abbreviation: DBTFLP-III) and 4-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]-6-phenyldibenzothiophene (abbreviation: DBTFLP-IV); and compounds with a furan skeleton, such as 4,4',4"-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tri(dibenzofuran) (abbreviation: DBF3P-II) and 4-{3-[3-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]phenyl}dibenzofuran (abbreviation: mmDBFFLBi-II).,

[0253] A high molecular weight compound, such as poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (abbreviation: PVK), poly(4-vinyltriphenylamine) (abbreviation: PVTPA), poly[N-(4-{N'-[4-(4-diphenylamino)phenyl]phenyl-N'-phenylamino}phenyl)methacrylamide] (abbreviation: PTPDMA) or poly[N,N'-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine] (abbreviation: poly-TPD), can also be used.

[0254] It should be noted that the hole transport material is not limited to the examples above and can be one of several known materials or a combination of several known materials when used for the hole injection layers (1211, 1211a and 1211b) and the hole transport layers (1212, 1212a and 1212b). It should also be noted that the hole transport layers (1212, 1212a and 1212b) can each be formed from a plurality of layers. That is to say, for example, that the hole transport layers can each have a multilayered structure consisting of a first hole transport layer and a second hole transport layer.

[0255] The light-emitting element in Fig. In step 12D, the light-emitting layer 1213a is formed over the hole transport layer 1212a of the EL layer 1203a by a vacuum evaporation process. After the EL layer 1203a and the charge generation layer 1204 have been formed, the light-emitting layer 1213b is formed over the hole transport layer 1212b of the EL layer 1203b by a vacuum evaporation process. <Licht emittierende Schicht>

[0256] The light-emitting layers (1213, 1213a, and 1213b) each contain a light-emitting substance. It should be noted that the light-emitting substance used is a substance whose emission color is blue, violet, blue-violet, green, yellow-green, yellow, orange, red, or the like. If these light-emitting layers (1213a and 1213b) are formed using different light-emitting substances, different emission colors can be emitted (for example, complementary emission colors are combined to obtain white light emission). Furthermore, a multilayer structure can be used in which a light-emitting layer contains two or more types of light-emitting substances.

[0257] The light-emitting layers (1213, 1213a and 1213b) can each contain, in addition to a light-emitting substance (a guest material), one or more types of organic compounds (a host material and an auxiliary material). The hole transport material and / or the electron transport material described in this embodiment can be used for one or more types of organic compounds.

[0258] In the light-emitting element, a blue light-emitting substance is preferably used as a guest material in one of the light-emitting layers 1213a and 1213b, and a green light-emitting substance and a red light-emitting substance are used in the other light-emitting layer. This embodiment is effective in the case where the blue light-emitting substance (the blue light-emitting layer) has a lower light emission efficiency or a shorter lifetime than the substances (layers) that emit other colors.Here, a light-emitting substance that converts singlet excitation energy into light emission in the visible light range is preferably used as the blue light-emitting substance, and light-emitting substances that convert triplet excitation energy into light emission in the visible light range are used as the green light-emitting substance and the red light-emitting substance, thereby improving the balance of the spectrum between R, G and B.

[0259] There is no particular restriction regarding the light-emitting substances that can be used for the light-emitting layers (1213, 1213a and 1213b), and a light-emitting substance that converts singlet excitation energy into light emission in the visible light range, or a light-emitting substance that converts triplet excitation energy into light emission in the visible light range, can be used. Examples of light-emitting substances are given below.

[0260] As an example of a light-emitting substance that converts singlet excitation energy into light emission, a substance that emits fluorescence (fluorescent material) can be given. Examples of substances that emit fluorescence include pyrene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, triphenylene derivatives, fluorene derivatives, carbazole derivatives, dibenzothiophene derivatives, dibenzofuran derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, phenanthrene derivatives, and naphthalene derivatives. Pyrene derivatives are particularly preferred because they exhibit a high emission quantum yield.Specific examples of pyrene derivatives include N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-bis[3-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]pyrene-1,6-diamine (abbreviation: 1,6mMemFLPAPrn), N,N'-diphenyl-N,N-bis[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenyl]pyrene-1,6-diamine (abbreviation: 1,6FLPAPrn), N,N'-bis(dibenzofuran-2-yl)-N,N'-diphenylpyrene-1,6-diamine (abbreviation: 1,6FrAPrn), N,N'-bis(dibenzothiophene-2-yl)-N,N'-diphenylpyrene-1,6-diamine (abbreviation: 1,6ThAPrn), N,N'-(pyrene-1,6-diyl)bis[(N-phenylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan)-6-amine] (abbreviation: 1,6BnfAPrn), N,N'-(pyrene-1,6-diyl)bis[(N-phenylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan)-8-amine] (abbreviation: 1,6BnfAPrn-02) and N,N'-(pyrene-1,6-diyl)bis[(6,N-diphenylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan)-8-amine] (abbreviation: 1,6BnfAPrn-03). Furthermore, pyrene derivatives are compounds that effectively satisfy the chromaticity of blue in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0261] Furthermore, it is possible to obtain 5,6-Bis[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-2,2'-bipyridine (abbreviation: PAP2BPy), 5,6-Bis[4'-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)biphenyl-4-yl]-2,2'-bipyridine (abbreviation: PAPP2BPy), N,N'-Bis[4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl]-N,N'-diphenylstilbene-4,4'-diamine (abbreviation: YGA2S), 4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-4'-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: YGAPA), 4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-4'-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: 2YGAPPA), N,9-Diphenyl-N-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazol-3-amine (abbreviation: PCAPA), 4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)-4'-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBAPA), 4-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-4'-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBAPBA), Perylene, 2,5,8,11-Tetra(tert-butyl)perylene (abbreviation: TBP), N,N''-(2-tert-Butylanthracene-9,10-diyldi-4,1-phenylene)bis[N,N',N'-triphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine] (abbreviation: DPABPA), N,9-Diphenyl-N-[4-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazol-3-amine (abbreviation: 2PCAPPA), N-[4-(9,to use 10-Diphenyl-2-anthryl)phenyl]-N,N',N'-triphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (abbreviation: 2DPAPPA) or the like.

[0262] Examples of a light-emitting substance that converts triplet excitation energy into light emission include a substance that emits phosphorescence (phosphorescent material) and a thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) material that exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence.

[0263] Examples of phosphorescent materials include a metal-organic complex, a metal complex (platinum complex), and a rare-earth metal complex. These substances exhibit their respective emission colors (emission peaks), and therefore any one of them is selected appropriately depending on the requirements.

[0264] Examples of phosphorescent materials that emit blue or green light and whose emission spectrum has a peak wavelength greater than or equal to 450 nm and less than or equal to 570 nm include the following substances.

[0265] For example, organometallic complexes with a 4H-triazole skeleton, such as Tris{2-[5-(2-methylphenyl)-4-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl-κN 2]phenyl-κC}iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(mpptz-dmp)3]), Tris(5-methyl-3,4-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(Mptz)3]), Tris[4-(3-biphenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolato]iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(iPrptz-3b)3]) and Tris[3-(5-biphenyl)-5-isopropyl-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolato]iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(iPr5btz)3]); organometallic complexes with a 1H-triazole skeleton, such as... B. Tris[3-methyl-1-(2-methylphenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazolato]iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(Mptz1-mp)3]) and Tris(1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-1,2,4-triazolato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(Prptz1-Me)3]); organometallic complexes with an imidazole skeleton, such asfac-Tris[1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole]iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(iPrpmi)3]) and Tris[3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-7-methylimidazo[1,2-f]phenanthridinato]iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(dmpimpt-Me)3]); organometallic complexes in which a phenylpyridine derivative with an electron-withdrawing group is a ligand, such as Bis[2-(4',6'-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C. 2 ']iridium(III)tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)borate (abbreviation: FIr6), Bis[2-(4',6'-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C 2 ']iridium(III)picolinate (abbreviation: FIrpic), Bis[2-(3,5-bistrifluoromethylphenyl)pyridinato-N, C 2 ']iridium(III)picolinate (abbreviation: [Ir(CF3ppy)2(pic)]) and Bis[2-(4',6'-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C 2 ']iridium(III)acetylacetonate (abbreviation: FIr(acac)); and the like.

[0266] Examples of phosphorescent materials that emit green or yellow light and whose emission spectrum has a peak wavelength greater than or equal to 495 nm and less than or equal to 590 nm include the following substances.

[0267] For example, organometallic iridium complexes with a pyrimidine framework, such as... B. Tris(4-methyl-6-phenylpyrimidinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(mppm)3]), Tris(4-t-butyl-6-phenylpyrimidinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(tBuppm)3]), (Acetylacetonato)bis(6-methyl-4-phenylpyrimidinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(mppm)2(acac)]), (Acetylacetonato)bis(6-tert-butyl-4-phenylpyrimidinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(tBuppm)2(acac)]), (Acetylacetonato)bis[6-(2-norbornyl)-4-phenylpyrimidinato]iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(nbppm)2(acac)]), (Acetylacetonato)bis[5-methyl-6-(2-methylphenyl)-4-phenylpyrimidinato]iridium(III) (Abbreviation: [Ir(mpmppm)2(acac)]), (Acetylacetonato)bis{4,6-dimethyl-2-[6-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-pyrimidinyl-κN 3]phenyl-κC}iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(dmppm-dmp)2(acac)]) and (acetylacetonato)bis(4,6-diphenylpyrimidinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(dppm)2(acac)]); organometallic iridium complexes with a pyrazine framework, such as (acetylacetonato)bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-phenylpyrazinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(mppr-Me)2(acac)]) and (acetylacetonato)bis(5-isopropyl-3-methyl-2-phenylpyrazinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(mppr-iPr)2(acac)]); organometallic iridium complexes with a pyridine framework, such as B. Tris(2-phenylpyridinato-N,C 2 ')iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(ppy)3]), Bis(2-phenylpyridinato-N,C 2 ')iridium(III)acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir(ppy)2(acac)]), Bis(benzo[h]quinolinato)iridium(III)acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir(bzq)2(acac)]), Tris(benzo[h]quinolinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(bzq) 3] ), Tris(2-phenylquinolinato-N,C 2 ')iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(pq)3]) and bis(2-phenylquinolinato-N,C 2')iridium(III)acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir(pq)2(acac)]); organometallic complexes, such as bis(2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazolato-N,C 2 ')iridium(III)acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir(dpo)2(acac)]), Bis{2-[4'-(perfluorophenyl)phenyl]pyridinato-N,C 2 '}iridium(III)acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir(p-PF-ph)2(acac)]) and bis(2-phenylbenzothiazolato-N,C 2 ')iridium(III)acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir(bt)2(acac)]); and rare earth metal complexes, such as Tris(acetylacetonato)(monophenanthroline)terbium(III) (abbreviation: [Tb(acac)3(Phen)]).

[0268] Among the foregoing are organometallic iridium complexes with a pyridine framework (in particular a phenylpyridine framework) or a pyrimidine framework compounds which effectively satisfy the chromaticity of green of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0269] Examples of phosphorescent materials that emit yellow or red light and whose emission spectrum has a peak wavelength greater than or equal to 570 nm and less than or equal to 750 nm include the following substances.

[0270] For example, organometallic complexes with a pyrimidine backbone, such as (diisobutyrylmethanato)bis[4,6-bis(3-methylphenyl)pyrimidinato]iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(5mdppm)2(dibm)]), bis[4,6-bis(3-methylphenyl)pyrimidinato](dipivaloylmethanato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(5mdppm)2(dpm)]) and (dipivaloylmethanato)bis[4,6-di(naphthalen-1-yl)pyrimidinato]iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(d1npm)2(dpm)]) and tris(4-t-butyl-6-phenylpyrimidinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(tBuppm)3]); Organometallic complexes with a pyrazine skeleton, such as (acetylacetonato)bis(2,3,5-triphenylpyrazinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(tppr)2(acac)]), Bis(2,3,5-triphenylpyrazinato)(dipivaloylmethanato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(tppr)2(dpm)]), Bis{4,6-dimethyl-2-[3-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5-phenyl-2-pyrazinyl-κN]phenyl-κC}(2,6-dimethyl-3,5-heptanedionato-κ 2O,O')iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(dmdppr-P)2(dibm)]), Bis{4,6-dimethyl-2-[5-(4-cyano-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-pyrazinyl-κN]phenyl-κC}(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato-κ 2 O,O')iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(dmdppr-dmCP)2(dpm)]), (Acetylacetonato)bis[2-methyl-3-phenylquinoxalinato-N,C 2 ']iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(mpq)2(acac)]), (Acetylacetonato)bis(2,3-diphenylquinoxalinato-N,C 2 ')iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(dpq)2(acac)]) and (acetylacetonato)bis[2,3-bis(4-fluorophenyl)quinoxalinato]iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(Fdpq)2(acac)]); organometallic complexes with a pyridine skeleton, such as Tris(1-phenylisoquinolinato-N,C 2 ')iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(piq)3]) and Bis(1-phenylisoquinolinato-N,C 2')iridium(III)acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir(piq)2(acac)]); platinum complexes, such as 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphyrinplatin(II) (abbreviation: [PtOEP]); and rare earth metal complexes, such as tris(1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanediumato)(monophenanthroline)europium(III) (abbreviation: [Eu(DBM)3(Phen)]) and tris[1-(2-thenoyl)-3,3,3-trifluoroacetonato](monophenanthroline)europium(III) (abbreviation: [Eu(TTA)3(Phen)]).

[0271] Among the foregoing are organometallic iridium complexes with a pyrazine framework that effectively satisfy the chromaticity of red in an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, organometallic iridium complexes with a cyano group (e.g., [Ir(dmdppr-dmCP)2(dpm)]) are preferable because they are stable.

[0272] It should be noted that a substance with a photoluminescence peak wavelength greater than or equal to 430 nm and less than or equal to 470 nm, preferably greater than or equal to 430 nm and less than or equal to 460 nm, can be used as a blue light-emitting substance. A substance with a photoluminescence peak wavelength greater than or equal to 500 nm and less than or equal to 540 nm, preferably greater than or equal to 500 nm and less than or equal to 530 nm, can be used as a green light-emitting substance. A substance with a photoluminescence peak wavelength greater than or equal to 610 nm and less than or equal to 680 nm, preferably greater than or equal to 620 nm and less than or equal to 680 nm, can be used as a red light-emitting substance. It should be noted that the photoluminescence can be measured using both a solution and a thin film.

[0273] By employing both such compounds and the microcavity effect, the aforementioned chromaticity can be more easily achieved. Here, a transflective electrode (a thin-film metal section) required to obtain the microcavity effect preferably has a thickness greater than or equal to 20 nm and less than or equal to 40 nm, and more preferably greater than 25 nm and less than or equal to 40 nm. However, a thickness greater than 40 nm may reduce the efficiency.

[0274] The organic compounds (host material and auxiliary material) used in the light-emitting layers (1213, 1213a, and 1213b) are one or more types of substances with a larger energy gap than the light-emitting substance (the guest material). It should be noted that the hole transport materials listed above and the electron transport materials listed below can be used as host material and auxiliary material, respectively.

[0275] If the light-emitting substance is a fluorescent material, an organic compound is preferably used as the host material, exhibiting a high energy level in a singlet excitation state and a low energy level in a triplet excitation state. For example, an anthracene derivative or a tetracene derivative is preferably used. Specific examples include 9-phenyl-3-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: PCzPA), 3-[4-(1-naphthyl)phenyl]-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: PCPN), 9-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthracenyl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: CzPA), 7-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (abbreviation: cgDBCzPA), 6-[3-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl)phenyl]-benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan (abbreviation: 2mBnfPPA), 9-Phenyl-10-{4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)biphenyl-4'-yl}anthracene (abbreviation: FLPPA), 5,12-Diphenyltetracene and 5,12-Bis(biphenyl-2-yl)tetracene.

[0276] In cases where the light-emitting substance is a phosphorescent material, an organic compound with a triplet excitation energy (energy difference between a ground state and a triplet excitation state) higher than that of the light-emitting substance can be selected as the host material. In this case, it is possible to use a zinc- or aluminum-based metal complex, an oxadiazole derivative, a triazole derivative, a benzimidazole derivative, a quinoxaline derivative, a dibenzoquinoxaline derivative, a dibenzothiophene derivative, a dibenzofuran derivative, a pyrimidine derivative, a triazine derivative, a pyridine derivative, a bipyridine derivative, a phenanthroline derivative, an aromatic amine, a carbazole derivative, and the like.

[0277] Specific examples include metal complexes, such as tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminium(III) (abbreviation: Alq), tris(4-methyl-8-quinolinolato)aluminium(III) (abbreviation: Almq3), bis(10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinolinato)beryllium(II) (abbreviation: BeBq2), bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)(4-phenylphenolato)aluminium(III) (abbreviation: BAlq), bis(8-quinolinolato)zinc(II) (abbreviation: Znq), bis[2-(2-benzoxazolyl)phenolate]zinc(II) (abbreviation: ZnPBO) or bis[2-(2-benzothiazolyl)phenolato]zinc(II) (abbreviation: ZnBTZ); heterocyclic compounds, such as2-(4-Biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (abbreviation: PBD), 1,3-Bis[5-(p-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]benzene (abbreviation: OXD-7), 3-(4-Biphenylyl)-4-phenyl-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole (abbreviation: TAZ), 2,2',2"-(1,3,5-benzenetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole) (abbreviation: TPBI), bathophenanthroline (abbreviation: Bphen), bathocuproine (abbreviation: BCP), 2,9-bis(naphthalene-2-yl)-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (abbreviation: NBphen) and 9-[4-(5-Phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: CO11); and aromatic amine compounds, such as NPB, TPD and BSPB.

[0278] In addition, condensed polycyclic aromatic compounds, such as anthracene derivatives, phenanthrene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, chrysene derivatives and dibenzo[g,p]chrysene derivatives, can be used. In particular, 9,10-diphenylanthracene (abbreviation: DPAnth), N,N-diphenyl-9-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazol-3-amine (abbreviation: CzA1PA), 4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: DPhPA), YGAPA, PCAPA, N,9-diphenyl-N-{4-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]phenyl}-9H-carbazol-3-amine (abbreviation: PCAPBA), 9,10-diphenyl-2-[N-phenyl-N-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)amino]anthracene (abbreviation: 2PCAPA), 6,12-dimethoxy-5,11-diphenylchrysene, N,N,N',IV,N'',N'',IV'',N''''-Octaphenyldibenzo[g,p]chrysene-2,7,10,15-tetraamine (abbreviation: DBC1), 9-[4-(10-Phenyl-9-anthracenyl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: CzPA), 3,6-Diphenyl-9-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: DPCzPA), 9,10-Bis(3,5-diphenylphenyl)anthracene (abbreviation: DPPA), 9,10-Di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: DNA), 2-tert-Butyl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: t-BuDNA), 9,9'-Bianthryl (abbreviation: BANT), 9,9'-(Stilben-3,3'-diyl)diphenanthrene (abbreviation: DPNS), 9,9'-(Stilben-4,4'-diyl)diphenanthrene (abbreviation: DPNS2), 1,3,5-Tri(1-pyrenyl)benzene (abbreviation: TPB3) or the like may be used.

[0279] In the case where a variety of organic compounds are used for the light-emitting layers (1213, 1213a and 1213b), compounds that form an exciplex in combination with a light-emitting substance are preferably used. In this case, although any of the various organic compounds can be suitably combined and used to form an exciplex, the combination of a compound that readily accepts holes (a hole transport material) and a compound that readily accepts electrons (an electron transport material) is particularly preferred. In particular, any of the materials described in this embodiment can be used as the hole transport material and electron transport material.

[0280] The TADF material is a material capable of upconverting a triplet excitation state to a singlet excitation state (i.e., reverse intersystem crossing is possible) using low thermal energy and efficiently emitting light (fluorescence) from the singlet excitation state. TADF is efficiently maintained under the condition that the energy difference between the triplet excitation level and the singlet excitation level is greater than or equal to 0 eV and less than or equal to 0.2 eV, preferably greater than or equal to 0 eV and less than or equal to 0.1 eV. It should be noted that the "delayed fluorescence" emitted by the TADF material refers to light emission that has the same spectrum as normal fluorescence and a very long lifetime. The lifetime is 10 -6 seconds or longer, preferably 10 -3 Seconds or longer.

[0281] Examples of TADF material include fullerene, a derivative thereof, an acridine derivative such as proflavin, and eosin. Other examples include a metal-containing porphyrin, such as porphyrin containing magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), tin (Sn), platinum (Pt), indium (In), or palladium (Pd). Examples of metal-containing porphyrin include a protoporphyrin tin fluoride complex (SnF2(Proto IX)), a mesoporphyrin tin fluoride complex (SnF2(Meso IX)), a hematoporphyrin tin fluoride complex (SnF2(Hämato IX)), a coproporphyrin tetramethyl ester tin fluoride complex (SnF2(Copro III-4Me)), an octaethylporphyrin tin fluoride complex (SnF2(OEP)), an etioporphyrin tin fluoride complex (SnF2(Etio I)) and an octaethylporphyrin platinum chloride complex (PtCl2OEP).

[0282] Alternatively, a heterocyclic compound with a π-electron-rich heteroaromatic ring and a π-electron-poor heteroaromatic ring, such as... B. 2-(Biphenyl-4-yl)-4,6-bis(12-phenylindolo[2,3-a]carbazol-11-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (PIC-TRZ), 2-{4-[3-(N-Phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl]phenyl}-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (PCCzPTzn), 2-[4-(10H-Phenoxazin-10-yl)phenyl]-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (PXZ-TRZ), 3-[4-(5-phenyl-5,10-dihydrophenazin-10-yl)phenyl]-4,5-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (PPZ-3TPT), 3-(9,9-Dimethyl-9H-acridin-10-yl)-9H-xanthen-9-one (ACRXTN), Bis[4-(9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridin)phenyl]sulfone (DMAC-DPS) or 10-Phenyl-10H,10'H-spiro[acridin-9,9'-anthracene]-10'-one (ACRSA) are used.It should be noted that a substance in which the π-electron-rich heteroaromatic ring is directly bonded to the π-electron-poor heteroaromatic ring is particularly preferred, since both the donor property of the π-electron-rich heteroaromatic ring and the acceptor property of the π-electron-poor heteroaromatic ring are increased, and the energy difference between the singlet excitation state and the triplet excitation state becomes small.

[0283] It should be noted that if a TADF material is used, the TADF material can be combined with another organic compound.

[0284] The light-emitting element in Fig. In step 12D, the electron transport layer 1214a is formed over the light-emitting layer 1213a of the EL layer 1203a by a vacuum evaporation process. After the EL layer 1203a and the charge generation layer 1204 have been formed, the electron transport layer 1214b is formed over the light-emitting layer 1213b of the EL layer 1203b by a vacuum evaporation process. <elektronentransportschicht>

[0285] The electron transport layers (1214, 1214a and 1214b) transport the electrons injected from the second electrode 1202 through the electron injection layers (1215, 1215a and 1215b) to the light-emitting layers (1213, 1213a and 1213b). It should be noted that the electron transport layers (1214, 1214a and 1214b) each contain an electron transport material. Preferably, the electron transport materials contained in the electron transport layers (1214, 1214a and 1214b) are substances with an electron mobility of 1 × 10⁻⁶ or higher. -6 cm 2 / Vs. It should be noted that other substances can also be used, as long as the substances have an electron transport property that is higher than a hole transport property.

[0286] Examples of electron transport materials include metal complexes with a quinoline ligand, a benzoquinoline ligand, an oxazole ligand, and a thiazole ligand; an oxadiazole derivative; a triazole derivative; a phenanthroline derivative; a pyridine derivative; and a bipyridine derivative. Additionally, a π-electron-deficient heteroaromatic compound, such as a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compound, can also be used.

[0287] In particular, metal complexes such as Alq3, Tris(4-methyl-8-quinolinolato)aluminium (abbreviation: Almq3), Bis(10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinolinato)beryllium (abbreviation: BeBq2), BAlq, Zn(BOX)2 and Bis[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazolato]zinc (abbreviation: Zn(BTZ)2), heteroaromatic compounds such as... B. 2-(4-Biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (abbreviation: PBD), 1,3-Bis[5-(p-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]benzene (abbreviation: OXD-7), 3-(4'-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-(4"-biphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole (abbreviation: TAZ), 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(4-ethylphenyl)-5-(4-biphenylyl)-1,2,4-triazole (abbreviation: p-EtTAZ), bathophenanthroline (abbreviation: Bphen), bathocuproine (abbreviation: BCP) and 4,4'-bis(5-methylbenzoxazol-2-yl)stilbene (abbreviation: BzOs), and quinoxaline derivatives and dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, such as2-[3-(Dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mDBTPDBq-II), 2-[3'-(Dibenzothiophen-4-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mDBTBPDBq-II), 2-[4-(3,6-Diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2CzPDBq-III), 7-[3-(Dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 7mDBTPDBq-II) and 6-[3-(Dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl]dibenzo[fh]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 6mDBTPDBq-II).

[0288] Alternatively, a high molecular weight compound such as poly(2,5-pyridindiyl) (abbreviation: PPy), poly[(9,9-dihexylfluorene-2,7-diyl)-co-(pyridine-3,5-diyl)] (abbreviation: PF-Py) or poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl)-co-(2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-diyl)] (abbreviation: PF-BPy) can be used.

[0289] Each of the electron transport layers (1214, 1214a and 1214b) is not limited to a single layer, but can be a layer arrangement of two or more layers, each containing any one of the aforementioned substances.

[0290] The light-emitting element in Fig. In step 12D, the electron injection layer 1215a is formed over the electron transport layer 1214a of the EL layer 1203a by a vacuum evaporation process. Subsequently, the EL layer 1203a and the charge generation layer 1204 are formed, the components up to the electron transport layer 1214b of the EL layer 1203b are formed, and then the electron injection layer 1215b is formed over it by a vacuum evaporation process. <elektroneninjektionsschicht>

[0291] The electron injection layers (1215, 1215a and 1215b) each contain a substance with high electron injection properties. The electron injection layers (1215, 1215a and 1215b) can each be made using an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or a compound thereof, such as lithium fluoride (LiF), cesium fluoride (CsF), calcium fluoride (CaF₂) or lithium oxide (LiO₂). x ). A rare-earth metal compound, such as erbium fluoride (ErF3), can also be used. An electride can also be used for the electron injection layers (1215, 1215a, and 1215b). Examples of the electride include a substance in which electrons have been added to calcium oxide-aluminum oxide at a high concentration. Any of the substances for forming the electron transport layers (1214, 1214a, and 1214b) mentioned above can also be used.

[0292] A composite material in which an organic compound and an electron donor (donor) are mixed can also be used for the electron injection layers (1215, 1215a, and 1215b). Such a composite material exhibits excellent electron injection and electron transport properties, since electrons are generated in the organic compound by the electron donor. Here, the organic compound is preferably a material that can transport the generated electrons excellently. In particular, for example, the electron transport materials for forming the electron transport layers (1214, 1214a, and 1214b) (e.g., a metal complex or a heteroaromatic compound) can be used. A substance that has an electron-donating property with respect to the organic compound can be used as the electron donor.Preferred examples are an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, and a rare earth metal. Specifically, lithium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, erbium, ytterbium, and the like may be specified. Furthermore, an alkali metal oxide and an alkaline earth metal oxide are preferred, and lithium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, and the like may be specified. Alternatively, a Lewis base, such as magnesium oxide, may be used. As a further alternative, an organic compound, such as tetrathiafulvalene (abbreviation: TTF), may be used.

[0293] In the case where light has been obtained from the light-emitting layer 1213b, in which in Fig. In the case of the light-emitting element shown in Figure 12D, the optical path length between the second electrode 1202 and the light-emitting layer 1213b is preferably less than one quarter of the wavelength λ of light emitted by the light-emitting layer 1213b. In this case, the optical path length can be adjusted by changing the thickness of the electron transport layer 1214b or the electron injection layer 1215b. <ladungserzeugungsschicht>

[0294] At the in Fig. In the light-emitting element shown in Figure 12D, the charge-generating layer 1204 has a function for injecting electrons into the EL layer 1203a and injecting holes into the EL layer 1203b when a voltage is applied between the first electrode (anode) 1201 and the second electrode (cathode) 1202. The charge-generating layer 1204 can have either a structure in which an electron acceptor is added to a hole transport material or a structure in which an electron donor is added to an electron transport material. Alternatively, both of these structures can be stacked on top of each other. It should be noted that forming the charge-generating layer 1204 using any of the above materials can suppress an increase in the operating voltage caused by the layer arrangement of the EL layers.

[0295] In the case where the charge-generating layer 1204 has a structure in which an electron acceptor is added to a hole-transporting material, any of the materials described for this embodiment can be used as the hole-transporting material. 7,7,8,8-Tetracyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroquinodimethane (abbreviation: F4-TCNQ), chloranil, and the like can be used as electron acceptors. Furthermore, an oxide of metals belonging to groups 4 to 8 of the periodic table can be specified. In particular, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, rhenium oxide, or the like can be used.

[0296] In the case where the charge-generating layer 1204 has a structure in which an electron donor is added to an electron transport material, any of the materials described for this embodiment can be used as the electron transport material. It is possible to use an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, metals belonging to groups 2 and 13 of the periodic table, or an oxide or carbonate thereof as the electron donor. In particular, lithium (Li), cesium (Cs), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), ytterbium (Yb), indium (In), lithium oxide, cesium carbonate, or the like are preferably used. Alternatively, an organic compound, such as tetrathianaphthacene, can be used as the electron donor.

[0297] For the fabrication of the light-emitting element in this embodiment, a vacuum process, such as an evaporation process, or a solution process, such as a rotational coating process or an inkjet process, can be used. If an evaporation process is used, a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process, such as sputtering, ion plating, ion beam evaporation, molecular beam evaporation, or vacuum evaporation, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, or the like can be employed.In particular, the functional layers (the hole injection layers, the hole transport layers, the light-emitting layers, the electron transport layers and the electron injection layers) contained in the EL layers and the charge generation layer of the light-emitting element can be formed by an evaporation process (e.g. a vacuum evaporation process), a coating process (e.g. a dip coating process, a nozzle coating process, a rod coating process, a rotary coating process or a spray coating process), a printing process (e.g. an inkjet process, screen printing (stencil printing), offset printing (planographic printing), flexographic printing (relief printing), gravure printing or microcontact printing) or the like.

[0298] It should be noted that materials that can be used for the functional layers (the hole injection layers, the hole transport layers, the light-emitting layers, the electron transport layers, and the electron injection layers) contained in the EL layers and the charge generation layer of the light-emitting element described in this embodiment are not limited to the materials listed above, and that other materials can be used in combination as long as the functions of the layers are fulfilled. For example, a high-molecular-weight compound (e.g., an oligomer, a dendrimer, or a polymer), a medium-molecular-weight compound (a compound between a low-molecular-weight compound and a high-molecular-weight compound with a molecular weight of 400 to 4000), an inorganic compound (e.g., a quantum dot material), or the like can be used.The quantum dot can be a gelatinous quantum dot, an alloyed quantum dot, a core-shell quantum dot, a core quantum dot, or the like. <Strukturbeispiel eines Licht emittierenden Felds>

[0299] Fig. 13A represents a light-emitting field of an embodiment of the present invention. The in Fig. The light-emitting field shown in Figure 13A is an active-matrix light-emitting field in which transistors (FETs) 1302 are electrically connected to light-emitting elements (1303R, 1303G, 1303B, and 1303W) on a first substrate 1301. The light-emitting elements (1303R, 1303G, 1303B, and 1303W) share an EL layer 1304 and each has a microcavity structure in which the optical path length between electrodes is adapted according to the emission color of the light-emitting element. The light-emitting field is a top-emission light-emitting field in which light is emitted from the EL layer 1304 through color filters (1306R, 1306G, and 1306B) formed on a second substrate 1305.

[0300] The in Fig. The light-emitting field shown in 13A is produced such that a first electrode 1307 serves as a reflecting electrode and a second electrode 1308 serves as a transflective electrode.

[0301] In the case where, for example, Fig. 13A where the light-emitting element 1303R serves as a red light-emitting element, the light-emitting element 1303G serves as a green light-emitting element, the light-emitting element 1303B serves as a blue light-emitting element, and the light-emitting element 1303W serves as a white light-emitting element, is, as in Fig. Figure 13B shows that a distance between the first electrode 1307 and the second electrode 1308 of the light-emitting element 1303R is adjusted to obtain an optical path length 1316R, a distance between the first electrode 1307 and the second electrode 1308 of the light-emitting element 1303G is adjusted to obtain an optical path length 1316G, and a distance between the first electrode 1307 and the second electrode 1308 of the light-emitting element 1303B is adjusted to obtain an optical path length 1316B. It should be noted that the optical adjustment can be carried out in such a way that, as shown in Figure 13B, the distance between the first electrode 1307 and the second electrode 1308 of the light-emitting element 1303R is adjusted to obtain an optical path length 1316R. Fig. Figure 13B shows a conductive layer 1310R arranged above the first electrode 1307 at the light-emitting element 1303R and a conductive layer 1310G arranged above the first electrode 1307 at the light-emitting element 1303G.

[0302] The second substrate 1305 is provided with the color filters (1306R, 1306G, and 1306B). It should be noted that each color filter transmits visible light within a specific wavelength range and blocks visible light within a specific wavelength range. Therefore, as shown in Fig. Figure 13A shows the color filter 1306R, which transmits only light in the red wavelength range, positioned at an overlap with the light-emitting element 1303R, thus enabling red light emission from the light-emitting element 1303R. Similarly, the color filter 1306G, which transmits only light in the green wavelength range, is positioned at an overlap with the light-emitting element 1303G, thus enabling green light emission from the light-emitting element 1303G. Finally, the color filter 1306B, which transmits only light in the blue wavelength range, is positioned at an overlap with the light-emitting element 1303B, thus enabling blue light emission from the light-emitting element 1303B. It should be noted that the light-emitting element 1303W can emit white light without a color filter.It should be noted that a black layer (black matrix) 1309 may be provided at one end position of each color filter. The color filters (1306R, 1306G and 1306B) and the black layer 1309 may be covered with a covering layer formed using a material that transmits visible light.

[0303] Although the light-emitting field in Fig. If the light-emitting field has a structure in which light is extracted from the side of the second substrate 1305 (top-emission structure), a structure in which light is extracted from the side of the first substrate 1301, above which the FETs 1302 are formed (bottom-emission structure), can be used. It should be noted that in the light-emitting field having a top-emission structure, the first substrate 1301 can be either opaque or translucent, whereas in a light-emitting field having a bottom-emission structure, the first substrate 1301 must be translucent.

[0304] In Fig. 13A The light-emitting elements are the red light-emitting element, the green light-emitting element, the blue light-emitting element, and the white light-emitting element; however, the light-emitting elements of an embodiment of the present invention are not limited to these, and a yellow light-emitting element or an orange light-emitting element may be used. It should be noted that with regard to the materials used for the EL layers (a light-emitting layer, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, a charge generation layer, and the like), reference may be made, as needed, to the description in any of the other embodiments in order to fabricate each of the light-emitting elements.In this case, it is necessary to select a suitable color filter depending on the emission color of the light-emitting element.

[0305] The above structure can be used to create a light-emitting field comprising light-emitting elements that exhibit a variety of emission colors.

[0306] This embodiment can be combined with any of the other embodiments as required. (Version 3)

[0307] In this embodiment, a display field that can be used for the display device of an embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to the drawings.

[0308] In this embodiment, a display field in which an EL element is used as the display element is described as an example. The display field of this embodiment can display an image with a wide color gamut by combining it with the structure described in embodiment 1 or the like.

[0309] The display field can have a structure where subpixels of three colors, i.e., red (R), green (G), and blue (B), display one color; a structure where subpixels of four colors, i.e., R, G, B, and white (W), display one color; a structure where subpixels of four colors, i.e., R, G, B, and yellow (Y), display one color; or the like. There is no particular restriction on the color element, and colors other than R, G, B, W, and Y (for example, cyan or magenta) can be used. <Beispiel für eine Draufsicht auf ein Anzeigefeld>

[0310] Fig. 14A and Fig. Figure 14B shows top views of a display panel 370.

[0311] The display fields 370, which are in Fig. 14A and Fig. The components shown in Figure 14B each comprise the visible light-transmitting area 110, a display section 381, and a driver circuit section 382. In the example shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 14A, the visible light-transmitting area 110 is adjacent to the display section 381 and extends along two sides of the display section 381. In the example shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 14B, the area 110, which transmits visible light, is adjacent to the display section 381 and is provided along three sides of the display section 381. <Beispiel 1 für die Querschnittsstruktur eines Anzeigefelds>

[0312] Fig. 14C is a cross-sectional view of a display panel 370A, which uses a separate coloring process and has a top-emission structure. Fig. 14C corresponds to cross-sectional views along dash-dot lines A1-A2 and A3-A4 in each of Fig. 14A and Fig. 14B.

[0313] The display panel 370A comprises the substrate 201, the adhesive layer 203, the insulating layer 205, a plurality of transistors, a capacitor 305, a conductive layer 307, an insulating layer 312, an insulating layer 313, an insulating layer 314, an insulating layer 315, a light-emitting element 304, a conductive layer 355, a spacer 316, an adhesive layer 317, the substrate 211, the adhesive layer 213 and the insulating layer 215.

[0314] The layers contained in the area 110, which transmits visible light, do transmit visible light. Fig. Figure 14C provides an example in which the visible light-transmitting region 110 comprises the substrate 201, the adhesive layer 203, the insulating layer 205, a gate insulating layer 311, the insulating layer 312, the insulating layer 313, the insulating layer 314, the adhesive layer 317, the insulating layer 215, the adhesive layer 213, and the substrate 211. In this multilayer structure, the materials for the layers are preferably selected such that the difference in refractive index at each interface is minimized.

[0315] The driver circuit section 382 includes a transistor 301. The display section 381 includes a transistor 302 and a transistor 303.

[0316] Each transistor comprises a gate, a gate insulating layer 311, a semiconductor layer, a source, and a drain. The gate (the lower gate) and the semiconductor layer overlap, with the gate insulating layer 311 positioned between them. Part of the gate insulating layer 311 serves as the dielectric for the capacitor 305. The conductive layer, which serves as the source or drain of the transistor 302, acts as an electrode for the capacitor 305. The return gate (the upper gate) and the semiconductor layer overlap, with the insulating layers 312 and 313 positioned between them.

[0317] The transistor structure can differ between the driver circuit section 382 and the display section 381. The driver circuit section 382 and the display section 381 can each incorporate a variety of transistor types.

[0318] Transistors 301, 302 and 303, which are in Fig. 14C, each comprises two gates, the gate insulating layer 311, a semiconductor layer, a source and a drain. Fig. 14C is an example where each transistor has a structure in which the semiconductor layer is located between the two gates. Such transistors can exhibit higher field-effect mobility and thus a higher forward current than other transistors. Consequently, a circuit suitable for high-speed operation can be obtained. Furthermore, the area occupied by the circuit can be reduced. The use of the high-forward-current transistor can also reduce signal delay and luminance unevenness in a display array where the number of lines has increased due to size or resolution improvements.

[0319] The capacitor 305 comprises a pair of electrodes and the dielectric material between them. The capacitor 305 includes a conductive layer formed using the same material and in the same step as the gate (the lower gate) of the transistor, and a conductive layer formed using the same material and in the same step as the source and drain of the transistor.

[0320] A material through which impurities, such as water and hydrogen, do not readily diffuse is preferably used for at least one of the insulating layers 312, 313, and 314. The diffusion of external impurities into the transistors can be effectively suppressed, leading to improved reliability of the display. The insulating layer 314 serves as a planarization layer. In the example shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 14C, the insulating layer 314 is formed using an organic material and extends over the entire surface of the display area. Such a structure is preferable because the yield of the peeling process can be increased. Alternatively, a structure can be used in which the insulating layer, formed using an organic material, is not placed in an end section of the display area. This structure can prevent the penetration of impurities into the light-emitting element 304.

[0321] The insulating layer 205 and the substrate 201 are attached to each other with the adhesive layer 203. The insulating layer 215 and the substrate 211 are attached to each other with the adhesive layer 213.

[0322] In the display section 381, the light-emitting element 304 is located between the insulating layer 205 and the insulating layer 215. The thickness of the display section 370 prevents the ingress of impurities into the light-emitting element 304. Similarly, a multitude of insulating layers covering the transistors are provided in the display section 381, thus preventing the ingress of impurities into the transistors.

[0323] The light-emitting element 304, the transistors and the like are preferably provided between a pair of insulating films that are highly resistant to moisture, whereby in this case the ingress of contaminants, such as water, into these elements can be suppressed, leading to a higher reliability of the display field.

[0324] Examples of insulating films with high moisture resistance include films containing nitrogen and silicon (e.g., silicon nitride films and silicon nitride oxide films), and films containing nitrogen and aluminum (e.g., aluminum nitride films). Alternatively, silicon oxide films, silicon oxynitride films, aluminum oxide films, or similar materials can be used.

[0325] The water vapor permeability of the insulating film with high moisture resistance is, for example, less than or equal to 1 × 10 -5 [g / (m 2 ·Day)], preferably lower than or equal to 1 × 10 -6 [g / (m 2 ·Day)], preferably lower than or equal to 1 × 10 -7 [g / (m 2 ·Day)], even more preferably lower than or equal to 1 × 10 -8 [g / (m 2 ·Day)].

[0326] The light-emitting element 304 comprises an electrode 321, an EL layer 322, and an electrode 323. The light-emitting element 304 may include an optical matching layer 324. The light-emitting element 304 emits light towards the side of the substrate 211.

[0327] The transistor, capacitor, conductor and the like are provided in such a way that they overlap with a light-emitting area of ​​the light-emitting element 304, thereby increasing the aperture ratio of the display section 381.

[0328] One of the electrodes 321 and 323 serves as the anode and the other as the cathode. When a voltage higher than the threshold voltage of the light-emitting element 304 is applied between electrode 321 and electrode 323, holes are injected into the EL layer 322 from the anode side and electrons into the EL layer 322 from the cathode side. The injected electrons and holes recombine in the EL layer 322, and a light-emitting substance contained in the EL layer 322 emits light.

[0329] Electrode 321 is electrically connected to the source or drain of transistor 303, either directly or via another conductive layer. Electrode 321 serves as a pixel electrode and is provided for each light-emitting element 304. Two adjacent electrodes 321 are electrically isolated from each other by the insulating layer 315.

[0330] The EL layer 322 is a layer containing a light-emitting material. An organic EL element containing an organic compound as the light-emitting material can be advantageously used as the light-emitting element 304.

[0331] The EL layer 322 comprises at least one light-emitting layer.

[0332] Electrode 323 serves as a common electrode and is provided for a variety of light-emitting elements 304. A fixed potential is applied to electrode 323.

[0333] It should be noted that one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to a separate coloring method, and a color filter method, a color conversion method, a quantum dot method or the like may be used.

[0334] For details of the light-emitting element, reference can also be made to embodiments 1 and 2.

[0335] The interconnect section 306 comprises the conductive layer 307 and the conductive layer 355. The conductive layer 307 and the conductive layer 355 are electrically connected. The conductive layer 307 can be formed using the same material and in the same step as the source and drain of the transistor. The conductive layer 355 is electrically connected to an external input terminal through which a signal or potential is transmitted from outside to the driver circuit section 382. Here, an example is described in which an FPC 373 is provided as the external input terminal. The FPC 373 and the conductive layer 355 are electrically connected to each other via a connecting element 319.

[0336] Any of the following anisotropic conductive films (ACF), anisotropic conductive pastes (ACP), and the like can be used as the connecting element 319.

[0337] A flexible substrate is preferably used for each of the substrates 201 and 211. For example, glass, quartz, a resin, a metal, an alloy, or a semiconductor can be used, which is thin enough to exhibit flexibility. The substrate, through which light is extracted from the light-emitting element, is formed using a material that transmits visible light. For example, the thickness of the substrate is preferably greater than or equal to 1 µm and less than or equal to 200 µm, more preferably greater than or equal to 1 µm and less than or equal to 100 µm, more preferably greater than or equal to 10 µm and less than or equal to 50 µm, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 10 µm and less than or equal to 25 µm. The thickness and hardness of the flexible substrate are adjusted within the range in which mechanical strength and flexibility can be balanced against each other.The flexible substrate can have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure.

[0338] A resin that has a lower relative density than that of glass is preferably used for the flexible substrate, in which case the display field can be lighter compared to the case where glass is used.

[0339] The substrate is preferably made from a high-strength material. This allows for a display panel with high impact resistance and a lower probability of damage. For example, using a resin substrate or a thin metal or alloy substrate results in a display panel that is lightweight and robust compared to one using a glass substrate.

[0340] A metal or alloy material with high thermal conductivity is preferable because it can easily conduct heat to the entire substrate and thus suppress local temperature increases in the display area. The thickness of a substrate using a metal or alloy material is preferably greater than or equal to 10 µm and less than or equal to 200 µm, more preferably greater than or equal to 20 µm and less than or equal to 50 µm.

[0341] There is no particular restriction regarding the material of the metal substrate or alloy substrate; however, aluminum, copper, nickel, or a metal alloy, such as an aluminum alloy or stainless steel, are preferably used. Silicon is one example of a material for a semiconductor substrate.

[0342] Furthermore, if a material with high thermal emissivity is used for the substrate, the rise in the surface temperature of the display field can be suppressed, and a breakage or reduction in the reliability of the display field can be prevented. The substrate can, for example, have a multilayer structure consisting of a metal substrate and a layer with high thermal emissivity (the layer can be formed, for example, using a metal oxide or a ceramic material).

[0343] Examples of materials exhibiting flexibility and light transmission include polyester resins such as PET and PEN, polyacrylonitrile resins, acrylic resins, polyimide resins, polymethyl methacrylate resins, PC resins, PES resins, polyamide resins (such as nylon and aramid), polysiloxane resins, cycloolefin resins, polystyrene resins, polyamide-imide resins, polyurethane resins, polyvinyl chloride resins, polyvinylidene chloride resins, polypropylene resins, PTFE resins, and ABS resins. A material with a low coefficient of linear expansion is particularly preferred, and, for example, a polyamide-imide resin, a polyimide resin, a polyamide resin, or PET can be advantageously used. A substrate in which a fiber is impregnated with a resin, a substrate whose coefficient of thermal expansion is reduced by adding an inorganic filler to a resin, or the like, can also be used.

[0344] The flexible substrate can have a multilayered structure, in which at least one layer consists of a hard layer (such as a silicon nitride layer) that protects a surface of the device from damage, a layer that can distribute pressure (such as an aramid resin layer), and the like, arranged over a layer of any of the aforementioned materials. A substrate that can be used as a protective substrate 132 can be used.

[0345] If a glass layer is used for the flexible substrate, the barrier properties against water and oxygen can be improved, thus providing a very reliable display field.

[0346] Various curing adhesives can be used as the adhesive layer, such as a light-curing adhesive (e.g., a UV-curing adhesive), a reactive-curing adhesive, a thermosetting adhesive, and an anaerobic adhesive. Alternatively, an adhesive film or similar material can be used.

[0347] Furthermore, the adhesive layer can include a desiccant. For example, a substance that adsorbs moisture through chemical adsorption, such as an oxide of an alkaline earth metal (e.g., calcium oxide or barium oxide), can be used. Alternatively, a substance that adsorbs moisture through physical adsorption, such as zeolite or silica gel, can be used. The desiccant is preferably included because it suppresses the penetration of contaminants, such as moisture, into the functional element, thereby improving the reliability of the display.

[0348] If a filler with a high refractive index or a light-scattering element is included in the adhesive layer, the efficiency of light extraction from the light-emitting element can be improved. For example, titanium dioxide, barium oxide, zeolite, or zirconium can be used.

[0349] A self-illuminating element can be used as the light-emitting element, and an element whose luminance is controlled by current or voltage is included in the category of light-emitting element. For example, a light-emitting diode (LED), an organic EL element, an inorganic EL element, or the like can be used. Any different display element can be used in the display field of an embodiment of the present invention. For example, a liquid crystal element, an electrophoretic element, a display element using MEMS, or the like can be used.

[0350] The light-emitting element can be a top-emission element, a bottom-emission element, or a dual-emission element. A conductive film that transmits visible light is used as the electrode from which light is extracted. A conductive film that reflects visible light is preferably used as the electrode from which no light is extracted.

[0351] The structure of the transistors in the display field is not particularly restricted. For example, a planar transistor, a forward-staggered transistor, or an inverted-staggered transistor can be used. A top-gate or bottom-gate transistor can be used. Gate electrodes can be positioned above or below a channel.

[0352] There is no particular restriction regarding the crystallinity of a semiconductor material used for the transistors, and an amorphous semiconductor or a semiconductor with crystallinity (a microcrystalline semiconductor, a polycrystalline semiconductor, a single-crystal semiconductor, or a semiconductor that partially comprises crystalline regions) can be used. Preferably, a semiconductor with crystallinity is used, in which case a deterioration of the transistor properties can be avoided.

[0353] The semiconductor material used for the transistor is not particularly limited, and, for example, an element from group 14, a compound semiconductor, or an oxide semiconductor can be used. Typically, a semiconductor containing silicon, a semiconductor containing gallium arsenide, an oxide semiconductor containing indium, or the like can be used.

[0354] An oxide semiconductor is preferably used as the semiconductor in which a channel of the transistor is formed. In particular, an oxide semiconductor with a larger band gap than silicon is preferably used. Preferably, a semiconductor material with a larger band gap and a lower charge carrier density than silicon is used because the reverse current of the transistor can be reduced.

[0355] For example, the oxide semiconductor preferably contains at least indium (In) or zinc (Zn). It is more preferred that the oxide semiconductor contains an oxide represented by an In-M-Zn oxide (M being a metal, such as Al, Ti, Ga, Ge, Y, Zr, Sn, La, Ce, Hf or Nd).

[0356] An organic or inorganic insulating material can be used for the insulating layers contained within the display panel. Examples of resins include acrylic resin, epoxy resin, polyimide resin, polyamide resin, polyimidamide resin, siloxane resin, benzocyclobutene-based resin, and phenolic resin. Examples of inorganic insulating films include silicon dioxide film, silicon oxynitride film, silicon nitride oxide film, silicon nitride film, aluminum oxide film, hafnium oxide film, yttrium oxide film, zirconium oxide film, gallium oxide film, tantalum oxide film, magnesium oxide film, lanthanum oxide film, cerium oxide film, and neodymium oxide film.

[0357] The conductive layers contained in the display panel can each have a single-layer or multi-layer structure made of any of the following metals: aluminum, titanium, chromium, nickel, copper, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, tantalum, and tungsten, or an alloy containing any one of these metals as its main component. Alternatively, a conductive, translucent material can be used, such as indium oxide (ITO), indium oxide containing tungsten, indium zinc oxide containing tungsten, indium oxide containing titanium, ITO containing titanium, indium zinc oxide (ZnO), ZnO with added gallium, or indium tin oxide containing silicon. Alternatively, a semiconductor, such as an oxide semiconductor or polycrystalline silicon, whose resistance is reduced by the inclusion of an impurity element or the like, or a silicide, such as nickel silicide, can be used.A graphene-containing film can also be used. The graphene-containing film can be formed, for example, by reducing a graphene oxide-containing film. A semiconductor, such as an oxide semiconductor containing an impurity element, can be used. Alternatively, the conductive layers can be formed using a conductive paste of silver, carbon, copper, or the like, or a conductive polymer, such as polythiophene. A conductive paste is preferred because it is inexpensive. A conductive polymer is preferred because it is easy to apply.

[0358] Fig. Figure 15 is an example of a cross-sectional view of a display device comprising two display fields 370, which are in Fig. 14C are represented and overlap with each other.

[0359] Fig. 15 represents display area 101a (which corresponds to display section 381 in Fig. 14C) and the area 120a, which blocks visible light (corresponding to the driver circuit section 382 and the like in Fig. 14C), in a lower display field, and display area 101b (which corresponds to display section 381 in Fig. 14C) and area 110b, which transmits visible light (corresponding to area 110 in Fig. 14C corresponds to, which transmits visible light), in an upper display field.

[0360] In the display device, which is in Fig. As shown in Figure 15, the display area positioned on the side of the display surface (top side) comprises area 110b, which transmits visible light and is adjacent to display area 101b. Display area 101a of the lower display area and area 110b of the upper display area, which transmits visible light, overlap. Thus, the non-display area between the display areas of the two overlapping display areas can be reduced or even eliminated. Consequently, a large display device can be obtained where a seam between display areas is less likely to be perceived by a user.

[0361] The display device, which is in Fig. As shown in Figure 15, the transparent layer 103 has a refractive index higher than that of air and transmits visible light between the display area 101a and the visible light-transmitting area 110b. This prevents air from entering the space between the display area 101a and the visible light-transmitting area 110b, thus reducing interfacial reflection due to a difference in refractive index. Furthermore, it prevents display irregularities or luminance variations in the display device.

[0362] The translucent layer 103 can overlap with the entire surface of substrate 211 of the lower display area or with that of substrate 201 of the upper display area, or it can overlap only with display area 101a and area 110b, which transmits visible light. Furthermore, the translucent layer 103 can overlap with area 120a, which blocks visible light. <modifikationsbeispiel>

[0363] Fig. Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view of a display panel 370B, which uses a separate coloring process and has a top-emission structure.

[0364] The display panel 370B differs from the display panel 370A in that the insulating layer 215 is provided in contact with the light-emitting element 304 and that the substrate 211 is not attached with the adhesive layer 213, but with the adhesive layer 317.

[0365] In the fabrication of display panel 370A, the insulating layer 215, which has been formed over a training substrate, is transferred to the substrate 201. In contrast, in the fabrication of display panel 370B, the insulating layer 215 is formed directly onto the light-emitting element 304. This structure eliminates the need for the delamination process, thus simplifying the fabrication process of the display panel. <Beispiel 2 für die Querschnittsstruktur eines Anzeigefelds>

[0366] Fig. Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view of a display panel 370C, which uses a color filtering method and has a top emission structure. Fig. Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view of a 370D display field which uses a color filtering method and has a bottom emission structure.

[0367] The display panel 370C differs from the display panel 370A in that the EL layer 322 is common to a multitude of light-emitting elements, that each transistor does not include a backgate, and that a color layer 325 and an opaque layer 326 are provided.

[0368] The display panel 370D differs from the display panel 370A in that the EL layer 322 is common to a large number of light-emitting elements, that each transistor does not include a backgate, and that the color layer 325 is provided.

[0369] In both the display field 370C and the display field 370D, the light-emitting element 304 emits light to the side of the color layer 325.

[0370] Thanks to the combination of a color filter (the color layer 325) and a microcavity structure (the optical matching layer 324), light with high color purity can be extracted from the display field. The thickness of the optical matching layer 324 varied depending on the color of the pixel.

[0371] The color layer is a colored layer that transmits light within a specific wavelength range. For example, a color filter can be used that allows light in a particular wavelength range, such as red, green, blue, or yellow light, to pass through. Examples of materials that can be used for the color layer include a metal, a resin, or a resin containing a pigment or dye.

[0372] The opaque layer is positioned between the adjacent color layers. This opaque layer blocks the light emitted by a neighboring light-emitting element to prevent color mixing between adjacent light-emitting elements. The color layer is positioned such that its end section overlaps the opaque layer, thereby reducing light leakage. The opaque layer can be a material that blocks light from the light-emitting element; for example, a black matrix can be formed using a metallic material or a resin material containing a pigment or dye. It should be noted that the opaque layer is preferably located in an area other than a pixel section, such as...in a driver circuit, which in this case avoids unwanted leakage of guided light or the like.

[0373] A display panel can include a cover. The cover prevents impurities and the like contained in the color layer 325 from diffusing into the light-emitting element 304. The cover is formed by a material that transmits the light emitted by the light-emitting element 304. For example, an inorganic insulating film, such as a silicon nitride film or a silicon oxide film, an organic insulating film, such as an acrylic film or a polyimide film, or a multilayer layer consisting of an organic insulating film and an inorganic insulating film can be used. <touchscreen>

[0374] In one embodiment of the present invention, a display field provided with a touch sensor (also referred to as an input / output unit or touchscreen) can be manufactured.

[0375] There is no particular limitation regarding a sensor element included in the touchscreen of an embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that a variety of sensors capable of detecting the proximity or touch of a detection target, such as a finger or a stylus, can be used as the sensor element.

[0376] For the sensor, a variety of types can be used, such as a capacitive type, a resistive type, a surface acoustic wave type, an infrared type, an optical type and a pressure-sensitive type.

[0377] In this embodiment, a touchscreen containing a capacitive sensor element is described as an example.

[0378] Examples of capacitive sensor elements include surface capacitive sensors and projected capacitive sensors. Examples of projected capacitive sensors include self-capacitive sensors and mutually capacitive sensors. The use of a mutually capacitive sensor is preferred because multiple points can be detected simultaneously.

[0379] The touchscreen of an embodiment of the present invention can have any number of different structures, including a structure in which a display field and a sensor element, which are formed separately, are attached to each other, and a structure in which an electrode and the like, which are contained in a sensor element, are provided on a substrate which carries a display element and / or a counter-substrate.

[0380] Fig. 19A is a schematic perspective view of a 300 touchscreen. Fig. 19B is an unfolded view of the schematic perspective view of Fig. 19A. It should be noted that for the sake of simplicity only typical components are shown. In Fig. In Figure 19B, some components (such as substrate 261 and substrate 211) are represented only by contours with a dashed line.

[0381] The touchscreen 300 comprises an input device 310 and the display field 370, which are designed to overlap. The touchscreen 300 includes the visible light transmitting area 110. The visible light transmitting area 110 is adjacent to the display section 381 and extends along two sides of the display section 381.

[0382] The input device 310 comprises the substrate 261, an electrode 331, an electrode 332, a plurality of lines 341, and a plurality of lines 342. An FPC 350 is electrically connected to each of the plurality of lines 341 and the plurality of lines 342. The FPC 350 is provided with an IC 351.

[0383] The display field 370 comprises substrate 201 and substrate 211, which are provided to face each other. The display field 370 includes the display section 381 and the driver circuit section 382. A line 383 and the like are provided above substrate 201. The FPC 373 is electrically connected to line 383. The FPC 373 is provided with an IC 374.

[0384] Line 383 serves to supply a signal and current to the display section 381 and the driver circuit section 382. The signal and current are supplied externally to line 383 via FPC 373 or IC 374.

[0385] Fig. Figure 20 shows an example of a cross-sectional view of the 300 touchscreen. Fig. Figure 20 shows cross-sectional structures of the display section 381, the driver circuit section 382, ​​the visible light-transmitting area 110, the area encompassing FPC 373, the area encompassing FPC 350, and the like. Furthermore, it shows Fig. 20 represents a cross-sectional structure of a crossing section 387 in which a line formed by processing a conductive layer used to form the gate of the transistor and a line formed by processing a conductive layer used to form the source and drain of the transistor cross.

[0386] Substrate 201 and substrate 211 are bonded together by adhesive layer 317. Substrate 211 and substrate 261 are bonded together by adhesive layer 396. Here, the layers from substrate 201 to substrate 211 correspond to the display field 370. Furthermore, the layers from substrate 261 to an electrode 334 correspond to the input device 310. In other words, adhesive layer 396 bonds the display field 370 to the input device 310. Alternatively, the layers from substrate 201 to insulating layer 215 correspond to the display field 370. Furthermore, the layers from substrate 261 to substrate 211 correspond to the input device 310. In other words, adhesive layer 213 bonds the display field 370 to the input device 310.

[0387] Display field 370 in Fig. 20 differs from display field 370A in Fig. 14C in the structures of transistors 301, 302 and 303 and capacitor 305.

[0388] Each transistor comprises a gate, the gate insulating layer 311, a semiconductor layer, a source, and a drain. The gate and the semiconductor layer overlap, with the gate insulating layer 311 positioned between them. The semiconductor layer may include low-resistance regions 348. These low-resistance regions 348 serve as the source and drain of the transistor.

[0389] The conductive layer above the insulating layer 313 serves as a connecting conductor. The conductive layer is electrically connected to the area 348 via an opening provided in the insulating layer 313, the insulating layer 312, and the gate insulating layer 311.

[0390] In Fig. 20 The capacitor 305 has a multilayer structure comprising a layer formed by processing a semiconductor layer used to form the semiconductor layer described above, the gate insulating layer 311, and a layer formed by processing a conductive layer used to form the gate. It is preferred here that a portion of the semiconductor layer of the capacitor 305 has a region 349 with a higher conductivity than a region 347 in which the channel of the transistor is formed.

[0391] Area 348 and area 349 can each be an area containing a larger amount of impurities than area 347, where the transistor channel is formed, an area with a high charge carrier concentration, an area with low crystallinity, or the like.

[0392] Electrode 331 and electrode 332 are provided on one side of substrate 261 facing substrate 211. An example in which electrode 331 includes electrode 333 and electrode 334 is described here. As shown in junction section 387 in Fig. As shown in Figure 20, electrodes 332 and 333 are formed on the same plane. An insulating layer 395 is provided to cover electrodes 332 and 333. Electrode 334 electrically connects two electrodes 333, between which electrode 332 is positioned, via openings formed in the insulating layer 395.

[0393] A connection section 308 is provided in an area located near the end section of the substrate 261. The connection section 308 has a layered arrangement consisting of a conductor 342 and a conductive layer formed by processing a conductive layer used to form the electrode 334. The connection section 308 is electrically connected to the FPC 350 via a connecting element 309.

[0394] The input device 310 has a structure in which the reflection of light in the area 110, which transmits visible light, is suppressed. The insulating layer 395 is provided in the display section 381 and not in the area 110, which transmits visible light.

[0395] The area 110, which transmits visible light, of the touchscreen 300 comprises the substrate 201, the adhesive layer 203, the insulating layer 205, the gate insulating layer 311, the insulating layer 312, the insulating layer 314, the adhesive layer 317, the insulating layer 215, the adhesive layer 213, the substrate 211, the adhesive layer 396, the insulating layer 393 and the substrate 261, which are arranged on top of each other in this order.

[0396] Even in the case where two or more touchscreens overlap, an area where a large number of touchscreens overlap (overlap area) is less likely to be perceived by a touchscreen user. Furthermore, the difference in luminance of a display on the display area between a section seen over the area that transmits visible light and a section not seen over that area can be small.

[0397] Fig. 21A and Fig. Figure 21B shows schematic perspective views of a 320° touchscreen.

[0398] The touchscreen 320 includes the visible light transmitting area 110. This visible light transmitting area 110 is adjacent to the display section 381 and extends along two sides of the display section 381.

[0399] In Fig. 21A and Fig. 21B is the substrate 211 of a display field 379 provided with an input device 318. The line 341, the line 342 and the like of the input device 318 are electrically connected to the FPC 350, which is provided at the display field 379.

[0400] With the above structure, the FPC connected to the touchscreen 320 can only be provided on one side of the substrate (in this embodiment on the side of the substrate 201). Fig. 21A and Fig. Figure 21B depicts the structure in which the touchscreen 320 is provided with two FPCs. The touchscreen 320 is not necessarily provided with a multitude of FPCs. If the touchscreen 320 is provided with one FPC and signals are supplied to both the display field 379 and the input device 318, the structure can be simplified.

[0401] IC 374 has a function for controlling the display field 379. IC 351 has a function for controlling the input device 318.

[0402] This embodiment can be combined with any of the other embodiments as required. (Version 4)

[0403] In this embodiment, electronic devices and lighting devices of embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to drawings.

[0404] Examples of electronic devices include a television set, a computer monitor or the like, a digital camera, a digital video camera, a digital photo frame, a mobile phone (also called a mobile phone device), a portable gaming console, a portable information terminal, an audio playback device, a large gaming machine such as a pinball machine, and the like.

[0405] The electronic device or lighting device of an embodiment of the present invention is flexible and can therefore be integrated along a curved inner / outer wall surface of a house or building or along a curved inner / outer surface of a car.

[0406] Furthermore, the electronic device of an embodiment of the present invention can include a secondary battery. Preferably, the secondary battery can be charged by contactless energy transfer.

[0407] Examples of secondary batteries include a lithium-ion secondary battery, such as a lithium polymer battery (lithium-ion polymer battery) using a gel electrolyte, a nickel hydride battery, a nickel cadmium battery, an organic radical battery, a lead-acid battery, an air secondary battery, a nickel zinc battery, and a silver zinc battery.

[0408] The electronic device of an embodiment of the present invention may include an antenna. When a signal is received from the antenna, the electronic device may display an image, data, or the like on a display section. If the electronic device includes the antenna and a secondary battery, the antenna may be used for contactless power transmission.

[0409] In the display device of an embodiment of the present invention, the area of ​​the display region can be increased indefinitely by increasing the number of display fields. Thus, the display device of an embodiment of the present invention can be advantageously used for digital signage, a PID, or the like. Furthermore, the shape of the display region of the display device of an embodiment of the present invention can be modified in various ways by changing the arrangement of the display fields.

[0410] Fig. Figure 22A presents an example in which a display device 10 of an embodiment of the present invention is provided for each of the columns 15 and the walls 16. A flexible display panel is used as the display field, which is contained in the display device 10, allowing the display device 10 to be positioned along a curved surface.

[0411] In cases where the display device of an embodiment of the present invention is used, in particular for digital signage or a PID (Personal Information Display), it is preferable to use a touchscreen in the display area, since a device with such a structure not only displays a still or moving image on a display area but can also be operated intuitively by viewers. Usability can be improved by intuitive operation if the display device of an embodiment of the present invention is alternatively used to provide information such as route information and traffic information. In cases where the display device is installed on the walls of buildings, public facilities, or the like, a touchscreen in the display area is not necessary.

[0412] Fig. 22B to Fig. Figure 22E presents examples of an electronic device comprising a display section 7000 with a curved surface. The display surface of the display section 7000 is curved, and images can be displayed on the curved display surface. The display section 7000 can be flexible.

[0413] The display section 7000 of each of the electronic devices that are in Fig. 22B to Fig. 22E can be represented using the display device of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0414] Fig. Figure 22B provides an example of a mobile phone. A mobile phone 7100 comprises a housing 7101, the display section 7000, operating buttons 7103, an external connection port 7104, a speaker 7105, a microphone 7106, and the like.

[0415] The in Fig. The mobile phone 7100 shown in Figure 22B includes a touch sensor in the display section 7000. Furthermore, operations such as making phone calls and entering text can be performed by touching the display section 7000 with a finger, a stylus, or the like.

[0416] The 7103 control buttons can be used to turn the power on or off. They can also be used to switch between types of images displayed on the 7000 display section; for example, switching from an email writing screen to a main menu screen is done using the 7103 control buttons.

[0417] Fig. Figure 22C represents an example of a television set. In a television set 7200, the display section 7000 is built into a housing 7201. Here, the housing 7201 is supported by a stand 7203.

[0418] The in Fig. The television set 7200 shown in Figure 22C can be operated using a control switch on the housing 7201 or using a separate remote control 7211. The display section 7000 may also include a touch sensor and be operated by touching the display section 7000 with a finger or the like. The remote control 7211 may also be equipped with a display section for showing data output by the remote control 7211. The television channels and volume can be controlled by means of control buttons or a touchscreen on the remote control 7211, and images displayed on the display section 7000 can be controlled.

[0419] It should be noted that the 7200 television is equipped with a receiver, modem, or similar device. The receiver allows for the reception of standard television broadcasts. Furthermore, if the television is connected to a communication network via modem, either wirelessly or via cable, unidirectional (from a sender to a receiver) or bidirectional (between a sender and a receiver or between receivers) data communication can take place.

[0420] Fig. Figure 22D provides an example of a portable information terminal. A portable information terminal 7300 comprises a housing 7301 and the display section 7000. The portable information terminal may also include an operating button, an external connection port, a speaker, a microphone, an antenna, a battery, or the like. The display section 7000 is equipped with a touch sensor. The portable information terminal 7300 can be operated by touching the display section 7000 with a finger, a stylus, or the like.

[0421] Fig. 22D is a perspective view of the portable information terminal 7300. Fig. Figure 22E is a top view of the 7300 portable information terminal.

[0422] Each of the portable information terminals depicted in this embodiment serves, for example, as one or more devices comprising a telephone, a notebook, and an information retrieval system. In particular, each of the portable information terminals can be used as a smartphone. Each of the portable information terminals depicted in this embodiment can run various application programs, such as a program for making mobile phone calls, sending and receiving emails, reading and editing texts, playing music, as well as for internet communication and computer games.

[0423] The 7300 portable information terminal can display text or images on its various surfaces. For example, as shown in Fig. In 22D, three operating buttons 7302 are displayed on one surface, and information 7303, represented by a rectangle, can be displayed on another surface. Fig. 22D and Fig. Figure 22E provides an example where information is displayed on the top of the portable information terminal. Alternatively, the information can be displayed on the side of the portable information terminal. Information can also be displayed on three or more surfaces of the portable information terminal.

[0424] Examples of the information include a notification from a social networking service (SNS), an indicator showing the receipt of an email or incoming call, the subject of an email or similar information, the sender of an email or similar information, the date, time, remaining battery power, and antenna signal strength. Alternatively, the control button, an icon, or similar may be displayed instead of this information.

[0425] For example, a user of the portable information terminal 7300 can view the display (here the information 7303) with the portable information terminal 7300 placed in a breast pocket of his shirt.

[0426] In particular, the telephone number, name, or similar information of an incoming caller is displayed in a position visible from above the 7300 portable information terminal. Therefore, the user can look at the display without taking the 7300 portable information terminal out of their pocket and decide whether to answer the call.

[0427] Fig. 22F represents an example of a lighting device with a curved light-emitting section.

[0428] The light-emitting section, which is in the Fig. The lighting device shown in 22F can be manufactured using the display device of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0429] A lighting device 7400, which is in Fig. 22F, comprises a light-emitting section 7402 with a wave-shaped light-emitting surface, wherein it is a well-designed lighting device.

[0430] The light-emitting section contained in the lighting device 7400 can be flexible. The light-emitting section can be attached to a plastic part, a movable frame, or the like, so that an emission surface of the light-emitting section can be freely bent as required.

[0431] The lighting device 7400 comprises a stand 7401, which is equipped with an operating switch 7403, and a light-emitting section which is supported by the stand 7401.

[0432] It should be noted that the lighting device in which the light-emitting section is supported by the stand is described here by way of example; however, a housing equipped with a light-emitting section can be mounted on a ceiling or suspended from a ceiling. Since the light-emitting surface can be curved, it can be curved into a recessed shape, thereby illuminating a specific area, or it can be curved into a protruding shape, thereby illuminating the entire room.

[0433] Fig. 23A1, Fig. 23A2 and Fig. 23B to Fig. 23I provide examples of portable information terminals, which includes a display section 7001 with flexibility.

[0434] The display section 7001 is manufactured using the display device of an embodiment of the present invention. For example, a display device comprising a display field that can be bent with a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 0.01 mm and less than or equal to 150 mm can be used. The display section 7001 can include a touch sensor so that the portable information terminal can be operated by touching the display section 7001 with a finger or the like.

[0435] Fig. 23A1 and Fig. Figure 23A2 shows a perspective view or side view illustrating an example of the portable information terminal. A portable information terminal 7500 comprises a housing 7501, the display section 7001, a pull-out display section 7502, operating buttons 7503, and the like.

[0436] The portable information terminal 7500 comprises a rolled-up flexible display section 7001 in the housing 7501.

[0437] The portable information terminal 7500 can receive a video signal via an integrated control section and display the received video on the display section 7001. The portable information terminal 7500 includes a battery. A connection section for attaching a connecting element may be included in the housing 7501, allowing a video signal or power to be supplied directly from an external source via a cable.

[0438] Pressing the 7503 control buttons allows you to switch the power on / off, change displayed images, and similar functions. Although Fig. 23A1, Fig. 23A2 and Fig. Figure 23B shows an example in which the control buttons 7503 are positioned on a side surface of the portable information terminal 7500; however, an embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. The control buttons 7503 can be arranged on a display surface (a front surface) or a rear surface of the portable information terminal 7500.

[0439] Fig. Figure 23B depicts the portable information terminal 7500 in a state in which the display section 7001 is pulled out. Images can be displayed on the display section 7001 in this state. The display section 7001 can be pulled out using the display section pull-out part 7502. Furthermore, the portable information terminal 7500 can display different images in the state in which part of the display section 7001, as shown in Fig. 23A1 is shown, rolled up, and perform in the state in which the display section 7001, as shown in Fig. 23B is shown, extracted. For example, it is located in the Fig. The condition shown in Figure 23A1 is the rolled-up part of the display section 7001 in a non-display state, resulting in a reduction of the energy consumption of the portable information terminal 7500.

[0440] It should be noted that a reinforcement frame may be provided on a side section of the display section 7001 so that the display section 7001 has a flat display surface when it is pulled out.

[0441] It should be noted that in addition to this structure, a loudspeaker can be provided for the housing, so that sound is output when an audio signal is received along with a video signal.

[0442] Fig. 23°C to Fig. 23E represents an example of a foldable portable information terminal. Fig. 23C represents a portable information terminal 7600, which is unfolded. Fig. 23D represents the portable information terminal 7600, which can be unfolded or folded. Fig. 23E represents the 7600 portable information terminal in its folded state. The 7600 portable information terminal is highly portable when folded and, when unfolded, offers excellent searchability due to its large, seamless display surface.

[0443] A display section 7001 is supported by three housings 7601, which are connected to each other by hinges 7602. By folding the portable information terminal 7600 at a connecting section between two housings 7601 with the hinges 7602, the shape of the portable information terminal 7600 can be reversibly changed from an open state to a folded state.

[0444] Fig. 23F and Fig. 23G represents an example of a foldable portable information terminal. Fig. 23F represents a portable information terminal 7650, folded in such a way that the display section 7001 is located on the inside. Fig. 23G represents the portable information terminal 7650 folded such that the display section 7001 is on the outside. The portable information terminal 7650 comprises the display section 7001 and a non-display section 7651. When not in use, the portable information terminal 7650 is folded such that the display section 7001 is on the inside, thereby preventing contamination or damage to the display section 7001.

[0445] Fig. Figure 23H provides an example of a flexible, portable information terminal. A portable information terminal 7700 comprises a housing 7701 and the display section 7001. The portable information terminal 7700 may further include buttons 7703a and 7703b, which serve as input devices, loudspeakers 7704a and 7704b, which serve as sound output devices, an external connection port 7705, a microphone 7706, or the like. A flexible battery 7709 may be mounted on the portable information terminal 7700. The battery 7709 may, for example, overlap with the display section 7001.

[0446] The housing 7701, the display section 7001, and the battery 7709 are flexible. Therefore, it is easy to bend the portable information terminal 7700 into a desired shape or to rotate it. For example, the portable information terminal 7700 can be bent so that the display section 7001 is on the inside or on the outside. The portable information terminal 7700 can be used in a rolled-up state. Because the shapes of the housing 7701 and the display section 7001 can be freely changed in this way, the portable information terminal 7700 is less likely to be damaged, even if it is dropped or subjected to external stress.

[0447] The portable information terminal 7700 can be used effectively in various situations due to its lightweight design. For example, the portable information terminal 7700 can be used with the upper section of the housing 7701 suspended by a clamp or similar device, or with the housing 7701 attached to a wall by magnets or similar means.

[0448] Fig. 23I provides an example of a wristwatch-like portable information terminal. A portable information terminal 7800 comprises a band 7801, a display section 7001, an input / output connector 7802, control knobs 7803, or the like. A band 7801 functions as a housing. A flexible battery 7805 can be mounted on the portable information terminal 7800. The battery 7805 can, for example, overlap with the display section 7001 or the band 7801.

[0449] The 7801 tape, the 7001 display section, and the 7805 battery are flexible. Therefore, the 7800 portable information terminal can easily be bent to achieve a desired shape.

[0450] The 7803 control knob can perform various functions, such as time setting, power on / off, wireless communication on / off, sleep mode activation / deactivation, and power saving mode activation / deactivation. For example, the functions of the 7803 control knob can be customized by the operating system built into the 7800 portable information terminal.

[0451] An application can be started by touching an icon 7804, which is displayed on the display section 7001, with a finger or the like.

[0452] The 7800 portable information terminal can use short-range communication, a communication method based on an existing communication standard. In this case, for example, two-way communication is possible between the 7800 portable information terminal and a headset suitable for wireless communication, thus enabling hands-free telephone calls.

[0453] The portable information terminal 7800 can include the input / output connector 7802. If the input / output connector 7802 is included, data can be directly transmitted to and received from another information terminal via a connecting element. Charging via the input / output connector 7802 is also possible. It should be noted that charging the portable information terminal, described by way of example in this embodiment, can be carried out by contactless power transfer without using the input / output connector.

[0454] Next, a display device of an embodiment of the present invention is described, which can be used for a display section with a curved surface. Fig. 24A and Fig. Figure 24B shows a top view and a side view of a display device comprising four display fields arranged in a 2 × 2 matrix.

[0455] The display fields that are in Fig. The components shown in Figure 24A each comprise a light-emitting section 250, a demultiplexer 253 serving as a source driver, a sampling driver 255, and the like. Two sides of the light-emitting section 250 are in contact with a visible light-transmitting area 251. A connecting line 257 is provided along the other two sides.

[0456] The display device, which is in Fig. 24A and Fig. The display area shown in 24B is formed by overlapping a large number of display areas, such that the non-display area between display areas is small. A translucent layer (e.g., an adhesive) can be provided between the visible light-transmitting area 251 of an upper display area and the light-emitting section 250 of a lower display area.

[0457] A component that blocks visible light, such as a connecting wire or a driver, is not provided along two sides of the display field from an end section of the light-emitting section 250 to an end section of the display field, and the area along these two sides serves as the visible light-transmitting area 251. The thickness of the visible light-transmitting area 251 (which can be considered the thickness of a display field) is very small (for example, the thickness can be greater than or equal to 100 µm and less than or equal to 1000 µm). Therefore, although the display device of this embodiment has an area in which at most four display fields overlap, any height difference formed on the side of the display surface is very small; thus, a seam is hardly noticeable.

[0458] The four display fields offer flexibility. As in Fig. As shown in Figure 24B, the light-emitting section 250 of the display field is slightly curved. The area near FPC 373, designated as area R in Fig. The section shown in Figure 24B is curved with a radius of curvature smaller than that of the light-emitting section 250. As a result, the FPC 373 can be positioned without any interfering physical contact with the back of the upper display panel. In this way, another display panel can be provided on four sides of the display panel, thus easily obtaining a large display device.

[0459] The radius of curvature of the area near FPC 373 (i.e., the area where the light-emitting section 250 is not provided) can, for example, be greater than or equal to 1 mm and less than or equal to 100 mm. The radius of curvature of the light-emitting section 250 can be greater than that of the area near FPC 373 and less than or equal to 10,000 mm, and can, for example, be greater than or equal to 10 mm and less than or equal to 10,000 mm.

[0460] The display field 100 in Fig. 24B is attached to one side of a support 376 (e.g., a metal plate). The support 376 has a multitude of curved surfaces, and the display 100 is curved along these surfaces. The display 100 has a section extending from the support 376. This section overlaps with an adjacent display 100. A driver circuit or the like may be attached to the other face of the support 376. In this case, the display 100 is electrically connected to the driver circuit via the FPC 373.

[0461] The optical element 240 is, as in Fig. The optical element 240 is shown in Figure 24B, preferably provided on the side of the display surface of the display field. The optical element 240 is preferably attached to a housing or the like, wherein the optical element 240 and the display field are in close contact with each other. The optical element 240 consists, for example, viewed from the side of the display field, of a carrier, a circularly polarizing plate, and an antireflection element.

[0462] This embodiment can be combined with any of the other embodiments as required. [Example 1]

[0463] This example describes elemental structures and properties of light-emitting elements that can be used in an embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that Fig. Figure 25 presents an elemental structure of light-emitting elements described in this example, and Table 1 shows specific structures. Chemical formulas of materials used in this example are shown below. [Table 1] ersteElektrode Lochinjektionsschicht Lochtransportschicht LichtemittierendeSchicht Elektronentransportschicht Elektroneninjektionsschicht zweite Elektrode LichtemittierendesElement 1(R) APC\ITSO(110 nm) PCPPn:MoOx(1:0,5)(20 nm) PCPPn(15 nm) PCBBiF(55 nm) * 2mDBTBPDBq-II(10 nm) NBphen(10 nm) LiF(1 nm) Ag: Mg(1:0,1)(25 nm) ITO(70 nm) LichtemittierendesElement 2(G) APC\ITSO(110 nm) PCPPn:MoOx(1:0,5)(7,5 nm) PCPPn(15 nm) PCBBiF(35 nm) ** 2mDBTBPDBq-II(10 nm) NBphen(10 nm) LiF(1 nm) Ag: Mg(1:0,1)(25 nm) ITO(70 nm) LichtemittierendesElement 3(B) APC\ITSO(110 nm) PCPPn:MoOx(1:0,5)(17,5 nm) PCPPn(15 nm) *** 2mDBTBPDBq-II(10 nm) NBphen(10 nm) LiF(1 nm) Ag: Mg(1:0.1)(25 nm) ITO (70 nm) * 2mDBTBPDBq-ll: PCBBiF: [Ir(dmdppr-P)2(dibm)] (0.8:0.2:0.06 (70 nm)) ** 2mDBTBPDBq-II: PCBBiF: [lr(tBuppm)3] (0.8:0.2:0.06 (40 nm)) *** cgDBCzPA: 1.6BnfAPrn-03 (1:0.03 (25 nm)) <<Herstellung der Licht emittierenden Elemente> >

[0464] The light-emitting elements described in this example each comprised, as shown in Fig. Figure 25 shows a first electrode 1901 over a substrate 1900, an EL layer 1902 over the first electrode 1901, and a second electrode 1903 over the EL layer 1902. The EL layer 1902 contained a hole injection layer 1911, a hole transport layer 1912, a light-emitting layer 1913, an electron transport layer 1914, and an electron injection layer 1915, arranged in that order starting from the side of the first electrode 1901. It should be noted that light-emitting element 1 in this example was a light-emitting element that emits mainly red light and is also referred to as light-emitting element 1(R). In this example, light-emitting element 2 was a light-emitting element that mainly emits green light, and it is also referred to as light-emitting element 2(G).In this example, light-emitting element 3 was a light-emitting element that mainly emits blue light, and it is also referred to as light-emitting element 3(B).

[0465] The first electrode was formed in 1901 above the substrate in 1900. The electrode area was set to 4 mm². 2 (2 mm × 2 mm). A glass substrate was used as the substrate in 1900. The first electrode in 1901 was formed as follows: An alloy film of silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), and copper (Cu) (an Ag-Pd-Cu (APC) film) was formed by sputtering to a thickness of 200 nm, and an ITSO film was formed by sputtering to a thickness of 110 nm. In this example, the first electrode in 1901 served as the anode. The first electrode in 1901 was a reflective electrode with a function for reflecting light.

[0466] As a pretreatment, the substrate surface was washed with water, baked for one hour at 200 °C, and then treated with UV ozone for 370 seconds. Afterwards, the substrate was transferred to a vacuum evaporation unit where the pressure was set to approximately 10 -4 After the Pa had been reduced, the substrate was subjected to vacuum baking for 60 minutes at 170 °C in a heating chamber of the vacuum evaporation device, and then it was cooled for approximately 30 minutes.

[0467] Next, the hole injection layer was formed in 1911 over the first electrode in 1901. After the pressure in the vacuum evaporation device was increased to 10 -4 After the Pa content had been reduced, the hole injection layer was formed in 1911 by co-evaporation such that it had a weight ratio of 3-[4-(9-phenanthryl)phenyl]-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: PCPPn) to molybdenum oxide of 1:0.5. The thickness of the hole injection layer in 1911 was 20 nm for light-emitting element 1(R), 7.5 nm for light-emitting element 2(G), and 17.5 nm for light-emitting element 3(B).

[0468] Subsequently, the hole transport layer 1912 was formed over the hole injection layer 1911. PCPPn was deposited by evaporation to a thickness of 15 nm in each of the light-emitting element 1(R), light-emitting element 2(G), and light-emitting element 3(B). N-(1,1'-Biphenyl-4-yl)-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl]-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2-amine (abbreviated PCBBiF) was also deposited by evaporation in light-emitting element 1(R) and light-emitting element 2(G). The thickness of PCBBiF was 55 nm in light-emitting element 1(R) and 35 nm in light-emitting element 2(G).

[0469] Next, the light-emitting layer was formed in 1913 over the hole transport layer in 1912.

[0470] The light-emitting layer 1913 of the light-emitting element 1(R) consisted of 2-[3'-(Dibenzothiophen-4-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mDBTBPDBq-II), PCBBiF and Bis{4,6-dimethyl-2-[3-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5-phenyl-2-pyrazinyl-κN]phenyl-κC}(2,6-dimethyl-3,5-heptanedionato-κ 2 O,O')iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(dmdppr-P)2(dibm)]) was deposited by Co evaporation in a thickness of 70 nm such that the weight ratio of 2mDBTBPDBq-II to PCBBiF to [Ir(dmdppr-P)2(dibm)] was 0.8:0.2:0.06.

[0471] As the light-emitting layer 1913 of the light-emitting element 2(G), 2mDBTBPDBq-II, PCBBiF and Tris(4-t-butyl-6-phenylpyrimidinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: [Ir(tBuppm)3]) were deposited by co-evaporation in a thickness of 40 nm such that the weight ratio of 2mDBTBPDBq-II to PCBBiF to [Ir(tBuppm)3] was 0.8:0.2:0.06.

[0472] As the light-emitting layer 1913 of the light-emitting element 3(B), 7-[4-(10-Phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (abbreviation: cgDBCzPA) and N,N'-(Pyrene-1,6-diyl)bis[(6,N-diphenylbenzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan)-8-amine] (abbreviation: 1,6BnfAPrn-03) were deposited by co-evaporation in a thickness of 25 nm such that the weight ratio of cgDBCzPA to 1,6BnfAPrn-03 was 1:0.03.

[0473] Next, the electron transport layer 1914 was formed over the light-emitting layer 1913. The electron transport layer 1914 was formed as follows: 2mDBTBPDBq-II and 2,9-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (abbreviation: NBphen) were sequentially deposited by evaporation such that they each had a thickness of 10 nm.

[0474] Subsequently, the electron injection layer 1915 was formed over the electron transport layer 1914. Lithium fluoride (LiF) was deposited as the electron injection layer 1915 by evaporation to a thickness of 1 nm.

[0475] Subsequently, the second electrode, 1903, was formed above the electron injection layer, 1915, as follows: Silver (Ag) and magnesium (Mg) were deposited by co-evaporation to a thickness of 25 nm in a volume ratio of Ag to Mg of 1:0.1, and then indium tin oxide (ITO) was deposited by sputtering to a thickness of 70 nm. In this example, the second electrode, 1903, served as the cathode. Furthermore, the second electrode, 1903, was a transflective electrode, exhibiting both transmitting and reflecting light functions.

[0476] By the preceding steps, the light-emitting elements, in each case with the EL layer provided between the electrode pair, were formed on the substrate 1900. The hole injection layer 1911, the hole transport layer 1912, the light-emitting layer 1913, the electron transport layer 1914, and the electron injection layer 1915, which have been described above, were functional layers contained in the EL layer of an embodiment of the present invention. Furthermore, in all evaporation steps of the preceding manufacturing process, evaporation was carried out by a resistance heating process.

[0477] Each of the light-emitting elements formed in this example was sealed between substrate 1900 and a sealing substrate. The sealing between substrate 1900 and the sealing substrate was carried out as follows: The sealing substrate was attached to substrate 1900 with a sealing material in a glove box containing a nitrogen atmosphere. A sealant was applied such that it enclosed the light-emitting element formed above substrate 1900, and then irradiation with 365 nm UV light at 6 J / cm² was performed. 2 The procedure was carried out and a heat treatment was performed at 80 °C for 1 hour.

[0478] The light-emitting elements formed in this example each had a structure in which light was emitted from the side of the second electrode 1903 of the light-emitting element in the direction indicated by the arrow.

[0479] The chromaticities (x, y) of the light-emitting elements formed in this example, measured with a luminance colorimeter (BM-5AS, manufactured by TOPCON CORPORATION), are shown in Table 2 below. The chromaticities of light-emitting elements 1(R), 2(G), and 3(B) were measured at luminances of 1468 cd / m². 2 4329 cd / m² 2 or 310 cd / m² 2 measured. [Table 2] Chromaticity coordinate x Chromaticity coordinate y Light-emitting element 1(R) 0,711 0,289 Light-emitting element 2(G) 0,171 0,794 Light-emitting element 3(B) 0,142 0,036

[0480] The results above show that in this example, light-emitting element 1(R) had a chromaticity coordinate x greater than 0.680 and less than or equal to 0.720 and a chromaticity coordinate y greater than or equal to 0.260 and less than or equal to 0.320, that light-emitting element 2(G) had a chromaticity coordinate x greater than or equal to 0.130 and less than or equal to 0.250 and a chromaticity coordinate y greater than 0.710 and less than or equal to 0.810, and that light-emitting element 3(B) had a chromaticity coordinate x greater than or equal to 0.120 and less than or equal to 0.170 and a chromaticity coordinate y greater than or equal to 0.020 and less than 0.060. The light-emitting element 1(R) had a chromaticity coordinate x greater than 0.680 and therefore exhibited better red chromaticity than the DCI-P3 standard.Light-emitting element 2(G) had a chromaticity coordinate y greater than 0.710 and therefore exhibited better green chromaticity than both the DCI-P3 and NTSC standards. Furthermore, light-emitting element 3(B) had a chromaticity coordinate y less than 0.060 and therefore exhibited better blue chromaticity than the DCI-P3 standard.

[0481] Although the chromaticities (x, y) of the light-emitting elements obtained here were chromaticities based on the CIE-1931 chromaticity coordinates (x,y chromaticity coordinates), chromaticities based on the CIE-1976 chromaticity coordinates (u',v' chromaticity coordinates), which have been defined such that the perceived color differences can correspond to equivalent distances in the color space, can be obtained using the following conversion formulas (1). [Formula 1] u'=4x / (12y−2x+3)v'=9y / (12y−2x+3)}

[0482] The chromaticities of the light-emitting elements in this example, based on the CIE 1976 chromaticity coordinates (u',v' chromaticity coordinates), are listed in Table 3 below. Table 4 shows, for comparison, the chromaticity coordinates according to the BT.2020 standard. Furthermore, Fig. 26 a chromaticity diagram. [Table 3] Chromaticity coordinate u' Chromaticity coordinate v' Light-emitting element 1(R) 0,563 0,516 Light-emitting element 2(G) 0,056 0,586 Light-emitting element 3(B) 0,181 0,103 [Table 4] Chromaticity coordinate u' Chromaticity coordinate v' BT.2020 (R) 0,557 0,517 BT.2020 (G) 0,056 0,587 BT.2020 (B) 0,159 0,126

[0483] Based on the results in Table 3, the BT.2020 area ratio and BT.2020 coverage, calculated from the chromaticities (u', v'), are 106% and 97%, respectively. It should be noted that an area A of a triangle formed by combining the CIE chromaticity coordinates (u', v') of RGB that meet the BT.2020 standard, and an area B of a triangle formed by combining the CIE chromaticity coordinates (u', v') of the three light-emitting elements in this example, were calculated to obtain the area ratio (B / A). The coverage is a value representing what percentage of the BT.2020 standard color space (the inside of the aforementioned triangle) can be reproduced using a combination of the chromaticities of the three light-emitting elements in this example.

[0484] In this example, the light-emitting element that emits red light, the one that emits green light, and the one that emits blue light were fabricated. The light-emitting layers of these light-emitting elements were formed using the respective materials, and the hole transport layers were designed to have the respective thicknesses to regulate the optical path lengths.Simultaneously, in these light-emitting elements, the electron transport layers were designed using the same materials to have the same thickness, and the electron injection layers were also designed using the same material to have the same thickness. Therefore, combining these light-emitting elements reduces the number of steps compared to when these layers are designed with different structures between the light-emitting elements. In this way, the three light-emitting elements achieved broad color reproducibility despite the fact that many types of layers in the EL layers shared a common structure between the light-emitting elements.It should be noted that, although the thickness of the hole injection layer differed between the colors in this example, the hole injection layers in the light-emitting elements can have the same thickness for the three colors.

[0485] In this example, for each of the three color light-emitting elements, the same material was used for the layer that formed the hole transport layer and was in contact with the hole injection layer. The hole transport layer in light-emitting element 1(R) and that in light-emitting element 2(G) each comprised the PCPPn layer in contact with the hole injection layer and the PCBBiF layer in contact with the light-emitting layer. The hole transport layer in light-emitting element 3(B) comprised only the PCPPn layer, which was in contact with both the hole injection layer and the light-emitting layer.

[0486] It should be noted that in an element that emits blue fluorescence, the HOMO and LUMO levels of a host material in a light-emitting layer are low. Depending on the material used for a hole injection layer, the HOMO level of a hole transport layer often needs to be shallow so that electrons can be extracted from the hole injection layer. In this case, the hole transport layer must have a structure in which a layer with a shallow HOMO level and a layer with a deep HOMO level are stacked sequentially. Here, for light-emitting element 3(B), a mixed layer of PCPPn and a metal oxide was used as the hole injection layer. The use of PCPPn with a deep HOMO level for the mixed layer allows the hole transport layer to be formed using PCPPn with a deep HOMO level.Accordingly, even if the hole transport layer has a single-layer structure, holes can be injected into the light-emitting layer, which emits blue fluorescence.

[0487] In both light-emitting element 1(R) and light-emitting element 2(G), the PCBBiF layer serves as a control layer for the optical path length. PCBBiF has a flatter HOMO level than PCPPn. Therefore, the power consumption of light-emitting element 1(R) and light-emitting element 2(G) can be reduced. PCBBiF was also incorporated into the light-emitting layers of light-emitting element 1(R) and light-emitting element 2(G).

[0488] As described above, in the structure of this example, the light-emitting elements or a multitude of layers can use the same material, and the number of layers contained within the light-emitting element can be reduced. It has been suggested that the light-emitting elements with advantageous properties can be manufactured at a lower cost and with a shorter processing time, and that, furthermore, a display panel with advantageous properties can be provided.

[0489] According to the results above, the use of the light-emitting elements described in this example can provide very high color reproducibility. [Example 2]

[0490] This example describes the results of manufacturing the display device of an embodiment of the present invention. <anzeigefeld>

[0491] First, the display field used in the display device in this example will be described.

[0492] Fig. 27A is a schematic view of the display field in this example. The display field that is in Fig. Figure 27A depicts an organic active-matrix EL display comprising the light-emitting section 250 with a screen diagonal of 13.5 inches, 1280 × 720 effective pixels, a resolution of 108 ppi, and an aperture ratio of 41.3%. The display panel included the demultiplexer 253, which served as the source driver. The display panel also included the sampling driver 255. Two sides of the light-emitting section 250 were in contact with the visible-light transmitting area 251. The connecting line 257 was provided along the other two sides.

[0493] A channel-etched transistor containing a crystalline metal oxide in a semiconductor layer was used. An In-Ga-Zn-based oxide was used as the metal oxide.

[0494] Organic top-emission EL elements with a microcavity structure were used as light-emitting elements. A side-by-side (SBS) color display method was employed, in which light-emitting layers of different colors are arranged next to each other. The light-emitting layers of the light-emitting elements were designed separately for each color. For details of the structures of the light-emitting elements of different colors, refer to Example 1. The area ratio with respect to the BT.2020 color space was 106%.

[0495] Fig. Figure 27B is a schematic view of a display device in which four display fields overlap and are arranged in a 2 × 2 matrix. Fig. Figure 27C shows a schematic cross-sectional view along a dashed-dotted line XY of the display device of the Fig. 27B.

[0496] The display device in this example was designed by overlapping a plurality of display fields such that the non-display area between display areas is small. In particular, the translucent layer 103 was provided between the visible light-transmitting area 251 of an upper display field and the light-emitting section 250 of a lower display field.

[0497] A component that blocks visible light, such as a connecting wire or a driver, was not provided along two sides of the display field from one end section of the light-emitting section 250 to one end section of the display field, and the area along these two sides served as the visible-light-transmitting area 251. The width of the visible-light-transmitting area 251 of the display field was approximately 5 mm. The thickness T of the visible-light-transmitting area 251 (which can be considered the thickness of a display field) was very small, namely 100 µm or less. Therefore, although the display device in this example has an area where at most four display fields overlap, any height difference formed on the side of the display surface was very small; consequently, a seam was hardly noticeable.

[0498] The four display fields offered flexibility. For example, as shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 27C, an area near an FPC 373a of the lower display field is bent such that part of the lower display field and part of the FPC 373a can be placed under the light-emitting section 250 of the upper display field adjacent to the FPC 373a. As a result, the FPC 373a can be positioned without any interfering physical contact with the rear of the upper display field. In this way, an additional display field can be provided on four sides of the display field, thus easily obtaining a large display device.

[0499] In this example, a mounting film comprising mounting layers on both surfaces of a base material was used for the translucent layer 103. Using the mounting film, two display panels contained in the display device can be detachably attached to one another. A mounting layer on one side of the translucent layer 103 was attached to a substrate 211a, and a mounting layer on the other side of the translucent layer 103 was attached to a substrate 201b.

[0500] In Fig. 27B includes not only a section that overlaps with the visible light-transmitting area 251, but also a section that overlaps with the light-emitting area 250. In Fig. In 27C, the translucent layer 103 overlaps from an end section of the substrate 201b with the entire visible light-transmitting area 251 and also overlaps with part of the area 155b, which includes a display element. It should be noted that the translucent layer 103 is not provided on a curved section of the display area, which is shown in Fig. 27C is located close to a section to which the FPC 373a is connected. However, depending on the thickness or flexibility of the transparent layer 103, it can be provided on a curved section of the display field.

[0501] Each of the display fields was formed by bonding a substrate and an element layer with an adhesive layer. For example, as shown in Fig. Figure 27C shows a substrate 201a, substrate 211a, substrate 201b, and substrate 211b attached to an element layer 153a, element layer 153a, element layer 153b, and element layer 153b, respectively, with an adhesive layer 157. Highly optically isotropic films were used for the substrates. The element layer 153a has a region 155a that includes a display element and a region 156a that includes a conductor electrically connected to the display element. The element layer 153b also has a region 155b that includes a display element and a region 156b that includes a conductor electrically connected to the display element. < <anzeigevorrichtung>>

[0502] Fig. Figure 28 shows a photograph of an image displayed on a multi-display with an 81-inch screen diagonal. The multi-display was manufactured using 36 (6 × 6) display fields.

[0503] In this example, the display fields were driven by separate driver circuits. A signal output from an 8K recorder was divided into 36 parts and fed into the respective driver circuits. The sampling timing in the first stage of each display field was set so that it occurred simultaneously.

[0504] The multi-display in Fig. 28 was a high-resolution 8K4K display device with 7690 × 4320 effective pixels. It should be noted that the weight of a display panel comprising an FPC was approximately 26 g, and that the weight of the 36 display panels was less than or equal to 1 kg (this refers to the weight of the display panel and an FPC, and does not include the weight of a frame for mounting the display panel, etc.).

[0505] Fig. Figure 29A shows a side view of the multi-display. The display panel 100 was attached to a surface of a carrier 376 (aluminum plate). The carrier 376 had a curved surface with a radius of curvature R of 5 mm, and the display panel 100 was curved along the curved surface. The display panel 100 had a section extending from the carrier 376. This section overlapped with an adjacent display panel 100. A driver circuit 375 was screwed onto the other surface of the carrier 376. The display panel 100 was electrically connected to the driver circuit 375 via the FPC 373.

[0506] The optical element 240 comprised the antireflection element 296, the support part 292, and the circularly polarizing plate 295. In the circularly polarizing plate 295, a linearly polarizing plate 295a was located on the viewer side, and a quarter-wave plate 295b was located on the display field 100 side. Here, the quarter-wave plate 295b overlapped with the linearly polarizing plate 295a such that it had an axis that intersected an axis of the linearly polarizing plate 295a at 45°. Therefore, when manufacturing a large multi-display, the circularly polarizing plate 295 must be formed using a plurality of linearly polarizing plates 295a or a plurality of quarter-wave plates 295b. Here, the quarter-wave plate 295b is thinner than the linearly polarizing plate 295a and is visible through the linearly polarizing plate 295a.Accordingly, in the case where a large number of quarter-wave plates 295b are used, it is less likely than in the case where a large number of linearly polarizing plates 295a are used that a seam will be perceived. In this example, as in . Fig. 29B shows the circularly polarizing plate 295 formed by attaching three quarter-wave plates 295b to the linearly polarizing plate 295a.

[0507] Optical element 240 was screwed onto a housing, while optical element 240 was firmly attached to the display fields. Optical element 240 was not bound to the display fields.

[0508] As described above, in this example a large display device suitable for displaying an image with a wide color gamut was fabricated. Furthermore, in this example a display device in which an overlap region was less likely to be perceived was fabricated using a display field that employed a highly optically isotropic film and a circularly polarizing plate. In particular, the display device fabricated in this example exhibited very little reflection from the surroundings. Furthermore, the overlap region was not obvious and was less likely to be perceived. Therefore, the reflection of light from a surface of the display device was suppressed. Reference sign

[0509] 10: Display device, 12: Display device, 13: Display area, 15: Column, 16: Wall, 100: Display field, 100a: Display field, 100b: Display field, 100c: Display field, 100d: Display field, 101: Display area, 101a: Display area, 101b: Display area, 101c: Display area, 101d: Display area, 102: Area, 102a: Area, 102b: Area, 103: Transmissive layer, 110: Transmissive area, 110a: Transmissive area, 110b: Transmissive area, 110c: Transmissive area, 110d: Transmissive area, 112a: FPC, 112b: FPC, 120: Area blocking visible light, 120a: Area blocking visible light, 120b: Area blocking visible light, 120c: Area blocking visible light, 121: Dummy line, 123: FPC, 131: Resin layer, 132: Protective substrate, 133: Resin layer, 134: Protective substrate, 141: Pixel, 142a: Line, 142b: Line, 143a: Circuit, 143b: Circuit145: Conductor, 151: Substrate, 152: Substrate, 153a: Element layer, 153b: Element layer, 154: Adhesive layer, 155a: Area, 155b: Area, 156a: Area, 156b: Area, 157: Adhesive layer, 201: Substrate, 201a: Substrate, 201b: Substrate, 202a: Substrate, 202b: Substrate, 203: Adhesive layer, 205: Insulating layer, 208: Insulating layer, 209: Element layer, 211: Substrate, 211a: Substrate, 211b: Substrate, 212a: Substrate, 212b: Substrate, 213: Adhesive layer, 215: Insulating layer, 219: Functional layer, 221: Adhesive layer, 223: Connection connection, 240: optical element, 250: light-emitting section, 251: visible light-transmitting area, 257: conductor, 261: substrate, 291: antireflection element, 292: support part, 293: antireflection element, 295: circularly polarizing plate, 296: antireflection element, 300: touchscreen, 301: transistor, 302: transistor, 303: transistor, 304: light-emitting element, 305: capacitor, 306: interconnect section, 307: conductive layer308: Connecting section, 309: Connecting element, 310: Input device, 311: Gate insulating layer, 312: Insulating layer, 313: Insulating layer, 314: Insulating layer, 315: Insulating layer, 316: Spacer, 317: Adhesive layer, 318: Input device, 319: Connecting element, 320: Touchscreen, 321: Electrode, 322: EL layer, 323: Electrode, 324: Optical matching layer, 325: Color layer, 326: Opaque layer, 331: Electrode, 332: Electrode, 333: Electrode, 334: Electrode, 341: Conductor, 342: Conductor, 347: Area, 348: Area, 349: Area, 350: FPC, 351: IC 355: conductive layer, 370: display field, 370A: display field, 370B: display field, 370C: display field, 370D: display field, 373: FPC, 373a: FPC, 374: IC, 375: driver circuit, 379: display field, 381: display section, 382: driver circuit section, 383: conductor, 387: junction section, 393: insulating layer, 395: insulating layer, 396: adhesive layer, 1101: first electrode, 1102: second electrode, 1103: EL layer1103B: EL layer, 1103G: EL layer, 1103R: EL layer, 1104B: color filter, 1104G: color filter, 1104R: color filter, 1105B: third light-emitting element, 1105G: second light-emitting element, 1105R: first light-emitting element, 1106B: blue light, 1106G: green light, 1106R: red light, 1201: first electrode, 1202: second electrode, 1203: EL layer, 1203a: EL layer, 1203b: EL layer, 1204: charge generation layer, 1211: hole injection layer, 1211a: hole injection layer, 1211b: hole injection layer 1212: Hole transport layer, 1212a: Hole transport layer, 1212b: Hole transport layer, 1213: Light-emitting layer, 1213a: Light-emitting layer, 1213b: Light-emitting layer, 1214: Electron transport layer, 1214a: Electron transport layer, 1214b: Electron transport layer, 1215: Electron injection layer, 1215a: Electron injection layer, 1215b: Electron injection layer, 1301: Substrate, 1302: FET, 1303B: Light-emitting element1303G: Light-emitting element, 1303R: Light-emitting element, 1303W: Light-emitting element, 1304: EL layer, 1305: Substrate, 1306B: Color filter, 1306G: Color filter, 1306R: Color filter, 1316B: Optical path length, 1316G: Optical path length, 1316R: Optical path length, 1307: First electrode, 1308: Second electrode, 1309: Black layer, 1310G: Conducting layer, 1310R: Conducting layer, 1900: Substrate, 1901: First electrode, 1902: EL layer, 1903: Second electrode, 1911: Hole injection layer, 1912: Hole transport layer, 1913: Light-emitting layer 1914: Electron transport layer, 1915: Electron injection layer, 7000: Display section, 7001: Display section, 7100: Mobile phone, 7101: Housing, 7103: Control knob, 7104: External connection port, 7105: Speaker, 7106: Microphone, 7200: Television set, 7201: Housing, 7203: Foot, 7211: Remote control, 7300: Portable information terminal, 7301: Housing, 7302: Control knob, 7303: Information,7400: Lighting device, 7401: Stand, 7402: Light-emitting section, 7403: Operating switch, 7500: Portable information terminal, 7501: Housing, 7502: Display section pull-out section, 7503: Operating knob, 7600: Portable information terminal, 7601: Housing, 7602: Hinge, 7650: Portable information terminal, 7651: Non-display section, 7700: Portable information terminal, 7701: Housing, 7703a: Knob, 7703b: Knob, 7704a: Speaker, 7704b: Speaker, 7705: External connection connector, 7706: Microphone, 7709: Battery, 7800: Portable information terminal, 7801: Tape, 7802: Input / output connector, 7803: Control knob, 7804: Icon, 7805: Battery.

[0510] This application is based on Japanese patent application JP 2016-233 446 A and Japanese patent application JP 2017- 98 884 A, the entire contents of which are hereby made the subject of this disclosure.< / anzeigevorrichtung> < / anzeigefeld> < / touchscreen> < / modifikationsbeispiel> < / ladungserzeugungsschicht> < / elektroneninjektionsschicht> < / elektronentransportschicht>

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