User terminal (UE), Generation Node-B (gNB) and Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PT-RS) Precoding Method

Abstract

A device of a user terminal equipment (UTE), the device comprising: a memory; and a processing circuit arrangement configured to: Decoding downlink control information (DCI); Scaling first demodulation reference signals (DM-RSs) based on a first pre-coder, with the first DM-RSs being received in a symbol period reserved for DM-RSs; Scaling of second DM-RSs based on a second pre-encoder, with the second DM-RSs being received in the symbol period reserved for DM-RSs; Scaling phase-tracking reference signals (PT-RSs) based on either the first or the second pre-encoder, wherein the PT-RSs are received in a plurality of symbol periods, the DCI including an indication of whether the first pre-encoder or the second pre-encoder is to be used for scaling the PT-RSs; and Determining common phase errors (CPEs) for the majority of symbol periods based on phase differences between the scaled PT-RSs and at least one of: the scaled first DM-RSs and the scaled second DM-RSs, the memory is designed to store the display included in the DCI.

Description

priority claim

[0001] This application claims priority over the Provisional US Application with file number 62 / 440.987, filed on December 30, 2016. Technical field

[0002] These embodiments apply to wireless communications. Some embodiments relate to wireless networks, including 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership) networks, 3GPP LTE (Long Term Development) networks, and 3GPP LTE-A (LTE Advanced) networks. Some embodiments relate to fifth generation (5G) networks. Some embodiments relate to new radio (NR) networks. Some embodiments relate to precoding and signal generation of control information with respect to precoding. Some embodiments relate to phase-tracking reference signals (PT-RSs). General state of the art

[0003] Base stations and mobile devices operating in a cellular network can exchange data. In some cases, communication can take place at relatively high frequency ranges, such as around 6 GHz. Such communication can present various challenges. For example, phase noise, inter-carrier interference (ICI), and / or other artifacts may be more pronounced at 6 GHz than at lower frequencies. Consequently, there is a general need for methods and systems to mitigate such artifacts and enable communication in these and other scenarios.

[0004] US 2013 / 0114763A1 concerns a wireless communication system, and in particular a wireless communication system that uses MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) on both the transmitting and receiving sides.

[0005] EP 2 518 919 A2 relates to a wireless communication system and in particular to a method and a device for the efficient measurement of a channel in a wireless multi-carrier communication system. Brief description of the drawings Fig. 1 is a functional diagram of an example network according to some embodiments; Fig. 2 represents a block diagram of an example machine according to some embodiments; Fig. 3 represents a user device according to some aspects; Fig. 4 represents a base station in some aspects; Fig. 5 represents an exemplary communication circuit arrangement according to some aspects; Fig. 6 represents an example radio frame structure according to some embodiments; Fig. 7A-B represent example frequency resources according to some embodiments; Fig. 8 represents the operation of a method for communication according to some embodiments; Fig. 9 represents the operation of another method of communication according to some embodiments; Fig. Section 10 presents examples of the transmission of demodulation reference signals (DM-RSs) and phase tracking reference signals (PT-RSs) according to some embodiments; Fig. Figure 11 presents additional examples of DM-RSs and PT-RSs according to some embodiments; and Fig. 12 presents additional examples of DM-RSs and PT-RSs according to some embodiments. Detailed description

[0006] The following description and drawings sufficiently describe specific embodiments to enable those skilled in the field to carry them out. Other embodiments may include structural, logical, electrical, process-related, and other modifications. Sections and features of some embodiments may be included in or supersede those of other embodiments. Embodiments described in the claims include available equivalents of those claims.

[0007] Fig. Figure 1 is a functional diagram of an example network according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, network 100 may be a third-generation Partnership Project (3GPP) network. However, it should be noted that embodiments are not limited to the use of 3GPP networks, as other networks may be used in some embodiments. For example, a fifth-generation (5G) network may be used in some cases. As another example, a new radio (NR) network may be used in some cases. As yet another example, a wireless local area network (WLAN) may be used in some cases. However, embodiments are not limited to these example networks, as other networks may be used in some embodiments. In some embodiments, a network may include one or more components that are described in Fig. 1. Some embodiments need not necessarily include all components shown in Fig. 1 can be seen, and some embodiments may include additional components that are shown in Fig. 1 are not visible.

[0008] Network 100 can comprise a radio access network (RAN) 101 and the core network 120 (e.g., as shown as an evolved packet core (EPC)), coupled together by an S1 interface 115. For clarity and brevity, only a portion of the core network 120 and RAN 101 are shown. In one non-restrictive example, RAN 101 can be an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN). In another non-restrictive example, RAN 101 can comprise one or more components of a new radio network (NR). In yet another non-restrictive example, RAN 101 can comprise one or more components of an E-UTRAN and one or more components of another network (including, but not limited to, an NR network).

[0009] The core network 120 can include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 122, an Servant Gateway (Servant Gateway) 124, and a Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN Gateway) 126. In some embodiments, the network 100 can include (and / or support) one or more Evolved Node-Bs (eNBs) 104 for communicating with user terminal equipment (UE) 102 (which can be operated as base stations). The eNBs 104 can, in some embodiments, include macro eNBs and low-power (LP) eNBs.

[0010] In some embodiments, the network 100 may include (and / or support) one or more Generation Node Bs (gNBs) 105. In some embodiments, one or more eNBs 104 may be configured to operate as gNBs 105. The number of eNBs 104 included in the embodiments is not limited to this. Fig. 1 can be seen, or the number of gNBs 105 that are in Fig. 1 are shown, limited. In some embodiments, the network 100 need not necessarily include eNBs 104. Embodiments are not limited to the connectivity of components that are shown in Fig. 1 can be seen.

[0011] It should be noted that references herein to an eNB 104 or a gNB 105 are not limiting. In some embodiments, one or more operations, procedures, and / or techniques (such as those described herein) may be performed by a base station component (and / or another component), including, but not limited to, a gNB 105, an eNB 104, an operating cell, a transmit-receive point (TRP), and / or others. In some embodiments, the base station component may be configured to operate in accordance with a new radio protocol (NR) and / or NR standard, although the scope of embodiments in this respect is not limited. In some embodiments, the base station component may be configured to operate in accordance with a fifth-generation (5G) protocol and / or 5G standard, although the scope of embodiments in this respect is not limited.

[0012] In some embodiments, one or more of the UEs 102, gNBs 105, and / or eNBs 104 may be configured to operate according to an NR protocol and / or NR techniques. References to a UE 102, an eNB 104, and / or a gNB 105 as part of descriptions herein are not limiting. For example, descriptions of one or more operations, techniques, and / or procedures performed by a gNB 105 are not limiting. In some embodiments, one or more of these operations, techniques, and / or procedures may be performed by an eNB 104 and / or another base station component.

[0013] In some embodiments, the UE 102 can transmit signals (data, control signals, and / or other signals) to the gNB 105 and can receive signals (data, control signals, and / or other signals) from the gNB 105. In some embodiments, the UE 102 can transmit signals (data, control signals, and / or other signals) to the eNB 104 and can receive signals (data, control signals, and / or other signals) from the eNB 104. These embodiments are described in more detail below.

[0014] The MME 122 is functionally similar to the carrier node control plane (SGSN) of an older serving GPRS. The MME 122 can manage mobility aspects in a single access point, such as gateway selection and tracking area list management. The serving GW 124 terminates the interface to RAN 101 and routes data packets between RAN 101 and the core network 120. It can also act as a local mobility anchor point for handoffs between eNBs and provide an anchor for mobility within the 3GPP. Additional responsibilities may include legal interception, charge collection, and policy enforcement. The serving GW 124 and the MME 122 can be implemented in the same physical node or on separate physical nodes. The PDN GW 126 terminates an SGi interface to the packet data network (PDN).The PDN GW 126 routes data packets between the EPC 120 and the external PDN and can be a key node for policy enforcement and data collection. It can also provide an anchor point for mobility with non-LTE access. The external PDN can be any type of IP network or an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) domain. The PDN GW 126 and the serving MME 124 can be implemented in a single physical node or on separate physical nodes.

[0015] In some embodiments, the eNBs 104 (macro and micro) terminate the air interface protocol and can be the first contact point for a UE 102. In some embodiments, an eNB 104 can perform various logical functions for the network 100, including but not limited to RNC (radio network control functions), such as radio carrier management, dynamic uplink and downlink radio resource management, data packet scheduling, and mobility management.

[0016] In some embodiments, UEs 102 can be configured to communicate communication signals of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system with an eNB 104 and / or gNB 105 via a multi-carrier communication channel according to an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) communication technique. The OFDM signals can comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.

[0017] The S1 interface 115 is the interface that separates the RAN 101 and the EPC 120. It can be divided into two parts: the S1-U, which carries traffic data between the eNBs 104 and the operating GW 124, and the S1-MME, which is a signal generation interface between the eNBs 104 and the MME 122. The X2 interface is the interface between the eNBs 104. The X2 interface comprises two parts, the X2-C and the X2-U. The X2-C is the control plane interface between the eNBs 104, while the X2-U is the user plane interface between the eNBs 104.

[0018] In some embodiments, similar functionality and / or connectivity described for the eNB 104 can be used for the gNB 105, although the scope of embodiments in this respect is not limited. In a non-limiting example, the S1 interface 115 (and / or a similar interface) can be divided into two parts: the S1-U, which carries traffic data between the gNBs 105 and the operating GW 124, and the S1-MME, which is a signal generation interface between the gNBs 104 and the MME 122. The X2 interface (and / or a similar interface) can enable communication between eNBs 104, communication between gNBs 105, and / or communication between an eNB 104 and a gNB 105.

[0019] In cellular networks, low-power (LP) cells are typically used to extend coverage to indoor areas poorly served by outdoor signals or to add network capacity in areas with very dense phone usage, such as railway stations. As used herein, the term low-power eNB (LP) refers to any suitable, relatively low-power eNB capable of implementing a narrower cell (narrower than a macrocell), such as a femtocell, picocell, or microcell. Femtocell eNBs are typically provided by a mobile network operator to its residential or business customers. A femtocell is typically the size of a private gateway or smaller and generally connects to the user's broadband line.Once connected, the femtocell links to the mobile network operator's network, providing additional coverage in a range typically of 30 to 50 meters for private femtocells. Therefore, a low-power eNB (LP-eNB) could be a femtocell eNB, as it is coupled via the PDN GW 126. Similarly, a picocell is a wireless communication system that typically covers a small area, such as within buildings (offices, shopping malls, train stations, etc.) or, more recently, within aircraft. A picocell eNB can generally connect to another eNB, such as a macro eNB, via its base station control (BSC) functionality through the X2 interface. Therefore, an LP-eNB can be implemented as a picocell eNB, as it is coupled to a macro eNB via an X2 interface. Picocell eNBs, or other LPeNBs, can incorporate some or all of the functionalities of a macro eNB.In some cases, this may be referred to as an access point base station or enterprise femtocell. In some embodiments, various types of gNBs 105 may be used, including, but not limited to, one or more of the eNB types described above.

[0020] In some embodiments, a downlink resource network can be used for downlink transmissions from an eNB 104 to a UE 102, while an uplink transmission from the UE 102 to the eNB 104 can use similar techniques. Similarly, in some embodiments, a downlink resource network can be used for downlink transmissions from a gNB 105 to a UE 102, while an uplink transmission from the UE 102 to the gNB 105 can use similar techniques. The network can be a time-frequency network, called a resource network or time-frequency resource network, which corresponds to the physical resource in the downlink in each window. Such a time-frequency plane representation is common practice for OFDM systems, making radio resource allocation intuitive. Each column and each row of the resource network corresponds to one OFDM symbol and one OFDM subcarrier, respectively. The duration of the resource network in that time range corresponds to a window in a radio frame.The smallest time-frequency unit in a resource network is specified as a resource element (RE). There are several distinct physical downlink channels that are promoted using such resource blocks. Of particular importance for this disclosure is that two of these physical downlink channels are the shared physical channel and the downlink control physical channel.

[0021] As used herein, the term “circuit arrangement” may refer to, be part of, or comprise an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or grouped), and / or memory (shared, dedicated, or grouped) executing one or more software or firmware programs, a combining logic circuit, and / or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the circuit arrangement may be implemented in one or more software or firmware modules, or functions associated with the circuit arrangement may be implemented therein. In some embodiments, the circuit arrangement may include logic that can be operated at least partially in hardware.The embodiments described herein may be implemented in a system using suitably configured hardware or software.

[0022] Fig. Figure 2 presents a block diagram of an example machine according to some embodiments. The machine 200 is an example machine on which one or more of the techniques and / or methodologies set forth herein can be performed. In alternative embodiments, the machine 200 can be operated as a standalone device or connected (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine 200 can function as a server machine, a client machine, or in both server and client network environments. In one example, the machine 200 can act as a peer machine in peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environments.Machine 200 can be a UE 102, an eNB 104, a gNB 105, an access point (AP), a station (STA), a user, a device, a mobile device, a base station, a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile phone, a smartphone, a web application, a network router, a switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequentially or otherwise) specifying the steps to be performed by that machine. Furthermore, while only a single machine is depicted, the term "machine" also includes a collection of machines that, individually or collectively, execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform one or more of the procedures set forth herein, such as cloud computing, Software as a Service (SaaS), and other computer cluster configurations.

[0023] Examples described herein may include or operate on logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules are physical entities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations and may be configured or arranged in a particular way. In one example, circuits (e.g., internally or in relation to external entities, such as other circuits) may be arranged in a specified manner like a module. In another example, all or part of one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone client or server computer system) or one or more hardware processors may be configured by firmware or software (e.g., instructions, an application section, or an application) as a module that is operated to perform specified operations. In another example, the software may reside on machine-readable medium.In one example, when the software is executed by the module's underlying hardware, it causes the hardware to perform the specified operations.

[0024] Consequently, the term "module" is to be understood as comprising a physical entity, an entity that is physically formed, specifically configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily set up (e.g., programmed) to operate in a specific manner or to perform some or all of the operations described herein. Considering examples where modules are temporarily configured, it is possible that not every module will be initiated at any given time. For instance, if the modules comprise a general-purpose hardware processor configured using software, the general-purpose hardware processor may be configured as distinct modules at different times.Software can therefore configure a hardware processor to, for example, constitute one particular module at one time and to constitute a different module at another time.

[0025] The machine (e.g., computer system) 200 can include a hardware processor 202 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), main memory 204, and static memory 206, some or all of which can communicate with each other via a connection (e.g., a bus) 208. The machine 200 can further include a display unit 210, an alphanumeric input device 212 (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 214 (e.g., a mouse). In an example, the display unit 210, input device 212, and UI navigation device 214 can be a touchscreen display. The machine 200 can also include a storage device (e.g., drive unit) 216, a signal generation device 218 (e.g., a signal generator), and a signal generator 218 (e.g., a signal generator).a loudspeaker), a network interface device 220, and one or more sensors 221, such as a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, compass, accelerometer, or other sensor. The machine 200 may have an output control 228, such as a serial (e.g., a universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection, to communicate with or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, a card reader, etc.).

[0026] The storage device 216 may comprise a machine-readable medium 222 on which one or more sets of data structures or instructions 224 (e.g., software) are stored, which are executed or used by one or more of the techniques or functions described herein. The instructions 224 may also reside wholly or at least partially within the main memory 204, within a static memory 206, or within the hardware processor 202 during their execution by the machine 200. In one example, one of, or a combination of, the hardware processor 202, the main memory 204, the static memory 206, or the storage device 216 may constitute machine-readable media. In some embodiments, the machine-readable medium may be, or comprise, a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium.In some embodiments, the machine-readable medium may be or comprise a computer-readable storage medium.

[0027] While the machine-readable medium 222 is presented as a single medium, the term "machine-readable medium" can encompass a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database and / or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 224. The term "machine-readable medium" can include any medium capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 200 and capable of causing the machine 200 to perform one or more of the techniques of this disclosure, or capable of storing, encoding, or carrying data structures that can be used by or associated with such instructions. Non-limiting examples of machine-readable media may include solid-state storage media as well as optical and magnetic media.Specific examples of machine-readable media may include: non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM) or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)), and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical disks; random-access memory (RAM); and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. In some examples, machine-readable media may include non-transient machine-readable media. In some examples, machine-readable media may include machine-readable media that are not transiently propagating signals.

[0028] The instructions 224 can also be sent or received via a communication network 226, using a transmission medium via the network interface device 220, which utilizes any one of a number of transmission protocols (e.g., Frame Relay, Internet Protocol (IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), etc.). Examples of communication networks include, but are not limited to, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the Internet), mobile phone networks (e.g., cellular networks), traditional analog telephone (POTS) networks, and wireless data networks (e.g., the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards, known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.11).The network interface device 220 can include the IEEE 802.15.4 standard family (known as WiMAX®), the IEEE 802.16 standard family, the LTE standard family, the UMTS standard family, and peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. In one example, the network interface device 220 can include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or telephone jacks) or one or more antennas for connecting to the communications network 226. In another example, the network interface device 220 can include multiple antennas for wireless communication, using at least one single-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), or multiple-input single-output (MISO) technology.In some examples, the network interface device 220 can communicate wirelessly using multiple user MIMO techniques. The term "transmission medium" is to be understood as including any intangible medium capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 200, and includes digital or analog communication signals or any other intangible medium for enabling communication by such software.

[0029] Fig. Figure 3 represents a user device according to several aspects. In some embodiments, the user device 300 may be a mobile device. In some embodiments, the user device 300 may be a user terminal (UE) or configured to operate as such. In some embodiments, the user device 300 may be configured to operate according to a new radio protocol (NR). In some embodiments, the user device 300 may be configured to operate according to a third-generation partnership project (3GPP) protocol. The user device 300 may, in some embodiments, be suitable for use as a UE 102, as described in Figure 3. Fig. Figure 1 is shown. It should be noted that in some embodiments, a user device, a device of a user device, a user device, or a device of a user device may include one or more of the components shown in one or more of Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 5 can be seen. In some embodiments, such a UE, user device and / or apparatus may include one or more additional components.

[0030] In some aspects, the user device 300 can include an application processor 305, a baseband processor 310 (also known as a baseband module), a radio front-end module (RFEM) 315, a memory 320, a connectivity module 325, a near-field communication (NFC) controller 330, an audio driver 335, a camera driver 340, a touchscreen 345, a display driver 350, sensors 355, removable memory 360, an integrated power management controller (PMIC) 365, and a smart battery 370. In some aspects, the user device 300 can be a user terminal (UE).

[0031] In some aspects, the 305 application processor can, for example, have one or more CPU cores and one or more cache memories, low-dropout regulators (LDOs), interrupt controllers, serial interfaces such as a serial peripheral interface (SPI), an integrated circuit (I 2 C) or a universal programmable serial interface module, real-time clock (RTC), timer counters including interval and monitoring timers, multi-purpose input / output (IO), memory card controllers such as secure digital / multimedia card (SD / MMC) or similar universal serial bus (USB) interfaces, mobile industrial processor interface (MIPI) interfaces, and Joint Test Access Group (JTAG) test access ports.

[0032] In some aspects, Baseband Module 310, for example, can be implemented as a soldered substrate comprising one or more integrated circuits, a single-packaged integrated circuit soldered onto a mainboard, and / or a multi-chip module containing two or more integrated circuits.

[0033] Fig. Figure 4 represents a base station according to several aspects. In some embodiments, the base station 400 can be configured as an Evolved Node-B (eNB). In some embodiments, the base station 400 can be configured as a Generation Node-B (gNB). In some embodiments, the base station 400 can be configured to operate according to a new radio protocol (NR). In some embodiments, the base station 400 can be configured to operate according to a Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) protocol. It should be noted that in some embodiments, the base station 400 can be a stationary, non-mobile device. The base station 400 can be suitable for use as an eNB 104 in some embodiments, as described in Figure 4. Fig. Figure 1 shows that the base station 400 may, in some embodiments, be suitable for use as a gNB 105, as shown in Figure 1. Fig. Figure 1 is shown. It should be noted that an eNB, an eNB device, a gNB, a gNB device, a base station and / or a base station device may, in some embodiments, comprise one or more of the components shown in one or more of Fig. 2, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 can be seen. In some embodiments, an eNB, a gNB, a base station and / or a device may include one or more additional components.

[0034] Fig. Figure 4 represents a base station or infrastructure equipment radio head 400 according to one aspect. The base station 400 may include one or more application processors 405, baseband modules 410, one or more radio front-end modules 415, a memory 420, a power management circuit assembly 425, a power T circuit assembly 430, a network controller 435, a network interface connector 440, a satellite navigation receiver module 445, and a user interface 450. In some aspects, the base station 400 may be an evolved Node-B (eNB) that may be configured to operate according to a 3GPP protocol, a new radio protocol (NR), and / or a fifth-generation (5G) protocol. In some aspects, the Base Station 400 can be a Generation Node-B (gNB) which can be arranged to operate according to a 3GPP protocol, a new radio protocol (NR) and / or a fifth generation (5G) protocol.

[0035] In some aspects, the 405 application processor can have one or more CPU cores and one or more cache memories, low-dropout regulators (LDOs), interrupt controllers, serial interfaces such as SPI, I 2 C or a universal programmable serial interface module, real-time clock (RTC), timer counters including interval and monitoring timers, general-purpose I / O, memory card controllers such as SD / MMC or similar USB interfaces, MIPI interfaces and Joint Test Access Group (JTAG) test access ports.

[0036] In some aspects, for example, Baseband Processor 410 can be implemented as a soldered substrate comprising one or more integrated circuits, a single-packaged integrated circuit soldered onto a mainboard, or a multi-chip module containing two or more integrated circuits.

[0037] In some aspects, Memory 420 can include one or more volatile memories, comprising Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) and / or Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), and non-volatile memories (NVM), comprising Electrically Erasable High-Speed ​​Memory (commonly known as Flash Memory), Phase-Change Random Access Memory (PRAM), Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM), and / or Three-Digit Crosspoint Memory. Memory 420 can be implemented as one or more soldered packed integrated circuits, socketed memory modules, and plug-in memory cards.

[0038] In some aspects, the 425 integrated power management circuit can include one or more voltage regulators, surge protection devices, power alarm detection circuitry, and one or more backup power sources, such as a battery or capacitor. A power alarm detection circuitry can detect one or more brownout (undervoltage) and surge (overvoltage) conditions.

[0039] In some aspects, the power T-circuit arrangement 430 can provide electrical power drawn from a network cable to supply both power and data connectivity to the base station 400 using a single cable. In some aspects, the network controller 435 can provide connectivity to a network using a standard network interface protocol, such as Ethernet. Network connectivity can be provided using a physical connection, which may be electrical (commonly referred to as a copper connection), physical, or wireless.

[0040] In some aspects, a satellite navigation receiver module 445 may include a circuit arrangement for receiving and decoding signals transmitted by one or more navigation satellite constellations, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS), Galileo, and / or BeiDou. The receiver 445 may provide application processor 405 with data that includes one or more position or time data. The application processor 405 may use time data to synchronize operations with other radio base stations. In some aspects, a user interface 450 may include one or more physical or virtual buttons, such as a reset button, one or more indicators, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and a display screen.

[0041] Fig. Figure 5 presents an exemplary communication circuit according to several aspects. Circuit arrangement 500 is alternatively grouped according to functions. Components shown here, as seen in Figure 500, are for illustrative purposes and may include other components, which are listed here in Figure 500. Fig. 5 are not visible. In some aspects, the Communication Circuit Arrangement 500 can be used for millimeter wave communication, although its capabilities are not limited to millimeter wave communication. Communication at any suitable frequency can be carried out in some aspects using the Communication Circuit Arrangement 500.

[0042] It should be noted that a device such as a UE 102, an eNB 104, a gNB 105, the user device 300, the base station 400, the machine 200 and / or another device may in some aspects comprise one or more components of the communication circuit arrangement 500.

[0043] The Communications Circuitry 500 can include a Protocol Processing Circuitry 505, which can implement one or more of a Media Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), Radio Resource Control (RRC), and Non-Access Stratum (NAS) functions. A Protocol Processing Circuitry 505 can include one or more processing cores (not shown) for executing instructions and one or more memory structures (not shown) for storing program and data information.

[0044] The communication circuit arrangement 500 may further comprise a digital baseband circuit arrangement 510 which may implement functions of a physical layer (PHY) which may include one or more functions of a hybrid automatic re-request (HARQ), scrambling and / or drafting, encoding and / or decoding, layer mapping and / or reverse mapping, modulation symbol mapping, determination of a received symbol and / or bit metric, multi-antenna port pre-coding and / or decoding, which includes one or more of a space-time, space-frequency or space coding, reference signal generation and / or acquisition, preamble sequence generation and / or decoding, synchronization sequence generation and / or acquisition, control channel blind signal decoding and other related functions.

[0045] The communication circuit arrangement 500 may further comprise a transmission circuit arrangement 515, a receiving circuit arrangement 520, and / or an antenna arrangement circuit arrangement 530. The communication circuit arrangement 500 may further comprise a radio frequency (RF) circuit arrangement 525. In one aspect of the disclosure, the RF circuit arrangement 525 may comprise multiple parallel RF chains for one or more transmission or receiving functions, each connected to one or more antennas of the antenna arrangement 530.

[0046] In one aspect of the disclosure, the protocol processing circuit arrangement 505 may comprise one or more instances of a control circuit arrangement (not shown) to provide control functions to one or more of a digital baseband circuit arrangement 510, transmission circuit arrangement 515, receiving circuit arrangement 520 and / or radio frequency circuit arrangement 525.

[0047] In some embodiments, the processing circuit arrangement can perform one or more of the operations described herein and / or other operations. In a non-limiting example, the processing circuit arrangement can comprise one or more components, such as the processor 202, the application processor 305, the baseband module 310, the application processor 405, the baseband module 410, the protocol processing circuit arrangement 505, the digital baseband circuit arrangement 510, similar components, and / or other components.

[0048] In some embodiments, a transceiver can transmit one or more elements (including, but not limited to, those described herein) and / or receive one or more elements (including, but not limited to, those described herein). In a non-limiting example, the transceiver can comprise one or more components, such as the radio front-end module 315, the radio front-end module 415, the transmit circuit arrangement 515, the receive circuit arrangement 520, the radio frequency circuit arrangement 525, a similar component(s), and / or another component(s).

[0049] One or more antennas (such as 230, 312, 412, 530, and / or others) may comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas, or other types of antennas suitable for transmitting FF signals. In some multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) configurations, one or more of the antennas (such as 230, 312, 412, 530, and / or others) may be effectively separated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the resulting distinct channel characteristics.

[0050] In some embodiments, the UE 102, the eNB 104, the gNB 105, the user device 300, the base station 400, the machine 200 and / or any other device described herein may be a mobile device and / or a portable wireless communication device, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a cordless phone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, a direct messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a portable device such as a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), or any other device capable of wirelessly receiving and / or transmitting information.In some embodiments, the UE 102, the eNB 104, the gNB 105, the user device 300, the base station 400, the machine 200, and / or any other device described herein may be configured to operate in accordance with 3GPP standards, although the scope of embodiments in this respect is not limited. In some embodiments, the UE 102, the eNB 104, the gNB 105, the user device 300, the base station 400, the machine 200, and / or any other device described herein may be configured to operate in accordance with new radio (NR) standards, although the scope of embodiments in this respect is not limited. In some embodiments, the UE 102, the eNB 104, the gNB 105, the user device 300, the base station 400, the machine 200 and / or any other device described herein may be configured to operate in accordance with other protocols or standards, including IEEE 802.11 or other IEEE standards. In some embodiments, the UE 102, the eNB 104, the gNB 105, the User Device 300, the Base Station 400, the Machine 200, and / or any other device described herein may include one or more of a keyboard, a display, a non-volatile memory port, multiple antennas, a graphics processor, an application processor, speakers, and other mobile device elements. The display may be an LCD screen, including a touchscreen.

[0051] Although the UE 102, the eNB 104, the gNB 105, the user device 300, the base station 400, the machine 200 and any other device described herein are represented as having several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements can be combined and they can be configured by combinations of software-configured elements, such as

[0052] Processing elements, including digital signal processors (DSPs), and / or other hardware elements may be implemented. For example, some elements may include one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs), and combinations of various hardware and logic circuits to perform at least the functions described herein. In some embodiments, the functional elements may relate to one or more processes that are operated on one or more processing elements.

[0053] Embodiments may be implemented in hardware, firmware, or software, or a combination thereof. Embodiments may also be implemented as instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device that can be executed by at least one processor to perform the operations described herein. A computer-readable storage device may include any non-temporary mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, a computer-readable storage device may include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices, and other storage devices and media.Some embodiments may include one or more processors and be configured with instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device.

[0054] It should be noted that a device used by the UE 102, the eNB 104, the gNB 105, the machine 200, the user device 300 and / or the base station 400 may, in some embodiments, comprise various components which are described in Fig. 2-5 are shown. Consequently, the techniques and operations described herein relating to UE 102 may be applicable to a device of UE. Furthermore, the techniques and operations described herein relating to eNB 104 may be applicable to a device of eNB. Consequently, the techniques and operations described herein relating to gNB 105 may be applicable to a device of gNB.

[0055] Fig. Figure 6 presents an example of a radio frame structure according to some embodiments. Fig. Section 7 presents example frequency resources according to some embodiments. It should be noted that the examples shown in Fig. Figures 6-7 may represent some or all of the concepts and techniques described herein; however, embodiments are not limited by the examples. For instance, embodiments are not limited by the name, number, type, size, sequence, arrangement, and / or other aspects of the time resources, symbol periods, frequency resources, PRBs, and other elements shown in Figures 6-7. Fig. 6-7 can be seen. Although some of the elements that appear in the examples of Fig. 6-7, which may be included in a 3GPP-LTE standard, 5G standard, NR standard and / or another standard, embodiments are not limited to the use of such elements included in the standards.

[0056] An example of a radio frame structure that can be used in some aspects is in Fig. Figure 6 shows that in this example, radio frame 600 has a duration of 10 ms. Radio frame 600 is divided into windows 602, each with a duration of 0.5 ms, and numbered from 0 to 19. Additionally, each pair of adjacent windows 602, numbered 2i and 2i+1, where i is an integer, is designated as a subframe 601.

[0057] In some aspects where the radio frame format of Fig. When used in section 6, each subframe 601 can contain a combination of one or more downlink control information, downlink data information, uplink control information, and uplink data information. The combination of information types and direction can be selected independently for each subframe 602.

[0058] In some aspects, a subcomponent of a transmitted signal, consisting of a subcarrier in the frequency domain and a symbol interval in the time domain, can be referred to as a resource element. Resource elements can be represented in a net form, as shown in Fig. 7A and Fig. 7B can be seen.

[0059] In some aspects, such as in Fig. As shown in Figure 7A, resource elements can be grouped into rectangular resource blocks 700, which consist of 12 subcarriers in the frequency domain and the P symbols in the time domain, where P can correspond to the number of symbols contained in a window and can be 6, 7 or any other suitable number of symbols.

[0060] In some alternative aspects, such as in Fig. As shown in Figure 7B, resource elements can be grouped into resource blocks 700, which consist of 12 subcarriers (specified by 702) in the frequency domain and one symbol in the time domain. In the figures of Fig. 7A and Fig. 7B each resource element 705 can be indexed with (k, 1) where k is the index number of subcarriers in the range 0 to NM-1 (specified by 703), where N is the number of subcarriers in a resource block and M is the number of resource blocks spanning a component carrier in the frequency range.

[0061] According to some embodiments, the UE 102 can receive downlink control information (DCI). The UE 102 can scale first demodulation reference signals (DM-RSs) based on a first pre-encoder. The first DM-RSs can be received in a symbol period reserved for DM-RSs. The UE 102 can scale second DM-RSs based on a second pre-encoder. The second DM-RSs can be received in the symbol period reserved for DM-RSs. The UE 102 can scale phase-tracking reference signals (PT-RSs) based on either the first or the second pre-encoder. The PT-RSs can be received in a plurality of symbol periods. The DCI can include an indication of whether the first or the second pre-encoder should be used to scale the PT-RSs.The UE 102 can determine common phase errors (CPEs) for the majority of symbol periods based on phase differences between the scaled PT-RSs and at least one of the following: the scaled first DM-RSs and the scaled second DM-RSs. These embodiments are described in more detail below.

[0062] Fig. Figure 8 describes the operation of a method for communication according to some embodiments. It is important to note that embodiments of the method 800 may include additional or even fewer operations or processes compared to that shown in Figure 800, which is described in Figure 800. Fig. 8 can be seen. Furthermore, embodiments of method 800 are not necessarily limited to the chronological sequence shown in Fig. Figure 8 can be seen. The description of procedure 800 can be found at [link to relevant section]. Fig. Reference is made to 1-7 and 9-12, although it is understandable that the 800 procedure can be carried out with any other suitable systems, interfaces and components.

[0063] In some embodiments, a gNB 105 can perform one or more operations of the method 800; however, embodiments are not limited to the performance of the method 800 and / or its operations by the gNB 105. In some embodiments, the eNB 104 can perform one or more operations of the method 800 (and / or similar operations). In some embodiments, an eNB 104 configured to operate as a gNB 105 can perform one or more operations of the method 800 (and / or similar operations). In some embodiments, the UE 102 can perform one or more operations of the method 800 (and / or similar operations).Consequently, although the descriptions herein refer to the performance of one or more operations of the method 800 by the gNB 105, it is understood that the UE 102 and / or the eNB 104 may, in some embodiments, perform the same operation(s), a similar operation and / or a reciprocal operation.

[0064] Furthermore, while Method 800 and other methods described herein may refer to eNBs 104, gNBs 105, or UEs 102 operating in accordance with 3GGP standards, 5G standards, and / or other standards, embodiments of these methods are not limited to such eNBs 104, gNBs 105, or UEs 102 and may also be performed on other devices, such as a Wi-Fi access point (AP) or a user base station (STA). In addition, Method 800 and other methods described herein may be performed by wireless devices configured to operate in other suitable types of wireless communication systems, including systems configured to operate in accordance with various IEEE standards, such as IEEE 802.11.Method 800 may also be applicable to a device of a UE 102, a device of an eNB 104, a device of a gNB 105 and / or a device of another device described above.

[0065] It should also be noted that embodiments are not limited by references herein (such as in descriptions of methods 800 and 900 and / or other descriptions herein) to the transmission, reception, and / or exchange of elements such as frames, messages, requests, indicators, signals, or other elements. In some embodiments, such an element may be generated, encoded, or otherwise processed for transmission by a processing circuit arrangement (such as a baseband processor included in the processing circuit arrangement). The transmission may, in some cases, be performed by a transmit-receiver or other component. In some embodiments, such an element may be decoded, detected, or otherwise processed by the processing circuit arrangement (such as the baseband processor).The element can, in some cases, be received by a transceiver or another component. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry and the transceiver can be included in the same device. However, the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect, since in some embodiments the transceiver can be separate from the device that includes the processing circuitry.

[0066] In Operation 805, the gNB 105 can determine a pre-encoder to be used for phase-tracking reference signals (PT-RSs). In some embodiments, the gNB 105 can determine the pre-encoder from a plurality of candidate pre-encoders. In some embodiments, the gNB 105 can determine a pre-encoder to be used for downlink transmission of PT-RSs. In some embodiments, the gNB 105 can determine a pre-encoder to be used by the UE 102 for uplink transmission of PT-RSs. Non-limiting examples of pre-encoder determination for the PT-RSs are described herein.

[0067] In Operation 810, the gNB 105 can transmit a control signal generation. In some embodiments, the gNB 105 can transmit the control signal generation to a UE 102, although the scope of the embodiments in this respect is not limited. In some embodiments, the gNB 105 can transmit the control signal generation to one or more UEs 102, although the scope of the embodiments in this respect is not limited. Examples of control signal generation may include, but are not limited to, signal generation of downlink control information (DCI), an uplink permit, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE), and radio resource control (RRC).

[0068] In some embodiments, the control signal generation may include various pieces of information, including but not limited to information relating to precoders, DM-RSs, PT-RSs, codewords, physical shared uplink channel (PUSCH) blocks, PUSCH transmissions, physical shared downlink channel (PDSCH) blocks, PDSCH transmissions, time resource(s), frequency resource(s), information relating to signal quality measurements, information relating to a transmission of elements (such as signals, data, control information and / or other) by a gNB 105, information relating to a transmission of elements (such as signals, data, control information and / or other) by a UE 102, other information described herein and / or other information.It should be noted that embodiments are not limited to these examples of control messages, as other messages, which may or may not be included in a standard, may be used in some embodiments.

[0069] In some embodiments, the control signal generation can display one or more pre-encoders. For example, the control signal generation can display one or more pre-encoders for demodulation reference signals (DM-RSs).

[0070] In some embodiments, preencoders can be assigned to layers, although the scope of embodiments in this respect is not limited. For example, a first preencoder can be assigned to a first layer, and a second preencoder can be assigned to a second layer. This example can be extended to more than two preencoders. In some embodiments, a preencoder assigned to one of the layers can be selected for operations such as preening PT-RSs, scaling received PT-RSs, and / or other operations.

[0071] In some embodiments, the pre-encoders can be assigned to antenna ports, although the scope of embodiments in this respect is not limited. For example, a first pre-encoder can be assigned to a first antenna port, and a second pre-encoder can be assigned to a second antenna port. This example can be extended to more than two pre-encoders. In some embodiments, a pre-encoder assigned to one of the antenna ports can be selected for operations such as pre-encoding PT-RSs, scaling received PT-RSs, and / or other operations.

[0072] In some embodiments, the control signal generation can indicate one or more pre-encoders to be used by the gNB 105 to scale and / or pre-encode DM-RSs in a multi-layered downlink transmission. For example, the control signal generation can indicate a first pre-encoder to be used to scale and / or pre-encode first DM-RSs, and it can further indicate a second pre-encoder to be used to scale and / or pre-encode second DM-RSs. The first DM-RSs can be transmitted in a first layer, and the second DM-RSs can be transmitted in a second layer, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect. This example can be extended to more than two pre-encoders. This example can be extended to more than two layers. This example can be extended to more than first DM-RSs and second DM-RSs.

[0073] In some embodiments, the control signal generation can indicate one or more precoders to be used by the UE 102 to scale and / or precode DM-RSs in a multi-layer uplink transmission. For example, the control signal generation can indicate a first precoder to be used to scale and / or precode first DM-RSs, and it can further indicate a second precoder to be used to scale and / or precode second DM-RSs. The first DM-RSs can be transmitted in a first layer, and the second DM-RSs can be transmitted in a second layer, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect. This example can be extended to include more than two precoders.

[0074] In some embodiments, the control signal generation may indicate a pre-encoder to be used by the gNB 105 to scale and / or pre-encode PT-RSs in a multi-layered downlink transmission. In some embodiments, the control signal generation may indicate a pre-encoder to be used by the UE 102 to scale and / or pre-encode PT-RSs in a multi-layered uplink transmission. It should be noted that embodiments are not limited to the use of a single pre-encoder for the PT-RSs.

[0075] In some embodiments, the control signal generation does not necessarily indicate the pre-encoder for the PT-RSs. Consequently, the UE 102 can determine the pre-encoder for the PT-RSs based on one or more elements. Non-limiting examples of determining the pre-encoder for the PT-RSs are described herein.

[0076] In some embodiments, the control signal generation can indicate one or more modulation and encoding schemes (MCSs) for a downlink transmission. For example, the control signal generation can indicate a first MCS for transmitting a first codeword in the first layer of a multilayer downlink transmission, and it can further indicate a second MCS for transmitting a second codeword in the second layer of a multilayer downlink transmission. This example can be extended to more than two MCSs. This example can be extended to more than two layers.

[0077] In some embodiments, the control signal generation can indicate one or more MCSs for an uplink transmission. For example, the control signal generation can indicate a first MCS for transmitting a first codeword in the first layer of a multilayer uplink transmission, and it can further indicate a second MCS for transmitting a second codeword in the second layer of a multilayer uplink transmission. This example can be extended to more than two MCSs. This example can be extended to more than two layers.

[0078] It should be noted that embodiments are not limited to two pre-encoders, as in some examples described herein. Some or all of the examples, techniques, and / or operations described herein for two pre-encoders can be extended to any suitable number of pre-encoders. Embodiments are not limited to two layers, as in some embodiments described herein. Some or all of the examples, techniques, and / or operations described herein for two layers can be extended to any suitable number of layers.

[0079] In operation 815, the gNB 105 can scale one or more DM-RSs. In some embodiments, the gNB 105 can scale the DM-RSs using one or more pre-encoders. For example, first DM-RSs can be scaled based on a first pre-encoder, and second DM-RSs can be scaled based on a second pre-encoder. This example can be extended to more than two pre-encoders. This example can be extended to more than the first DM-RSs and second DM-RSs.

[0080] In operation 820, the gNB 105 can transmit the scaled DM-RS(s). In some embodiments, the scaled DM-RSs can be transmitted in a symbol period reserved for the DM-RSs, although the scope of embodiments in this respect is not limited.

[0081] In operation 825, the gNB 105 can scale the PT-RSs. In operation 830, the gNB 105 can transmit the scaled PT-RS(s). In some embodiments, the scaled PT-RSs can be transmitted in a plurality of symbol periods and in a RE reserved for the PT-RSs, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect. In operation 835, the gNB 105 can scale one or more codewords. In operation 840, the gNB 105 can transmit the scaled codeword(s).

[0082] In some embodiments, the gNB 105 can encode a first codeword according to a first MCS. The first MCS may be contained within candidate MCSs. The candidate MCSs may be mapped to an ordered plurality of MCS indices. The gNB 105 can scale the first codeword by a first precoder. The gNB 105 can encode a second codeword according to a second MCS contained within the candidate MCSs. The gNB 105 can scale the second codeword by a second precoder. The gNB 105 can encode PT-RSs. If a first MCS index corresponding to the first MCS is greater than or equal to a second MCS index corresponding to the second MCS, the gNB 105 can scale the PT-RSs by the first precoder. If the first MCS index is smaller than the second MCS index, the gNB 105 can scale the PT-RSs using the second pre-coder.In some embodiments, the candidate MCSs can be mapped to the ordered plurality of MCS indices based on a non-decreasing relationship between the MCS indices and corresponding numbers of information bits per modulation symbol for the candidate MCS.

[0083] In some embodiments, the gNB 105 can map the scaled first codeword to a first plurality of REs for transmission according to an OFDMA technique. The gNB 105 can map the scaled second codeword to a second plurality of REs for transmission according to an OFDMA technique. In some cases, the second plurality of REs can overlap the first plurality of REs. In some cases, the second plurality of REs does not necessarily overlap the first plurality of REs. In some cases, the first and second plurality of REs can be the same. The gNB 105 can map the scaled PT-RSs to one or more REs for transmission according to an OFDMA technique.

[0084] In some embodiments, the gNB 105 can map the scaled first codeword to a first plurality of REs for transmission on a first antenna of a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) array. The gNB 105 can map the scaled second codeword to a second plurality of REs for transmission on a second antenna of the MIMO array.

[0085] In some embodiments, the gNB 105 can encode the first DM-RSs. The gNB 105 can scale the first DM-RSs using a first pre-encoder. The gNB 105 can map the scaled first DM-RSs to a first plurality of REs in a symbol period reserved for DM-RSs. The gNB 105 can encode second DM-RSs. The gNB 105 can scale the second DM-RSs using a second pre-encoder. The gNB 105 can map the scaled second DM-RSs to a second plurality of REs in the symbol period reserved for DM-RSs. The gNB 105 can encode PT-RSs. If an RE reserved for PT-RSs is included in the first plurality of REs, the gNB 105 can scale the PT-RSs using the first pre-encoder. If the RE reserved for PT-RSs is included in the second plurality of REs, the gNB 105 can scale the PT-RSs through the second pre-coder.The gNB 105 can map the scaled PT-RSs in a plurality of symbol periods to the RE reserved for PT-RSs. In some embodiments, the gNB 105 can map one or more of the following for transmission according to an OFDMA technique: the scaled first DM-RSs, the scaled second DM-RSs, and the scaled PT-RSs.

[0086] In some embodiments, the gNB 105 can encode a first codeword. The gNB 105 can scale the first codeword using a first pre-encoder. The gNB 105 can encode a second codeword. The gNB 105 can scale the second codeword using a second pre-encoder. The gNB 105 can encode PT-RSs. The gNB 105 can determine a third pre-encoder, at least partially, based on an average of the first and second pre-encoders. The gNB 105 can scale the PT-RSs using the third pre-encoder. In some embodiments, the gNB 105 can map the scaled first codeword to a first plurality of REs for transmission using an OFDMA technique. The gNB 105 can map the scaled second codeword to a second plurality of REs for transmission using an OFDMA technique. In some cases, the second plural of REs can overlap the first plural of REs.In some cases, the first and second plurality of REs can be the same. In some cases, the first and second plurality of REs do not necessarily have to overlap. The gNB 105 can map the scaled PT-RSs to one or more REs for transmission according to an OFDMA technique.

[0087] It should be noted that embodiments are not limited to the transmission and / or reception of codewords. Other elements (such as PJSH blocks, PUSH blocks, data blocks, and / or others) may be transmitted and / or received in some embodiments.

[0088] Furthermore, embodiments are not limited to the use of layers. Consequently, a preencoder can be used to scale and / or preen one or more elements. In some embodiments, the preencoder may be associated with a layer, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect.

[0089] During Operation 845, the gNB 105 can receive Channel State Information (CSI) feedback, which includes information relating to signal quality measurements. Example signal quality measurements may include, but are not limited to, received power (RSRP), received quality (RSRQ), received signal power, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and / or other measurements. In some embodiments, the signal quality measurements may be based on signals received by the gNB 105 at the UE 102. In some embodiments, the signal quality measurements may be based on reception according to one or more pre-encoders.

[0090] In a non-limiting example, the UE 102 can determine a signal quality measurement based on the reception of one or more elements (such as DM-RSs, codewords, and / or other) according to a pre-encoder. For example, the UE 102 can determine the signal quality measurement, at least partially, based on a correlation between the received element (DM-RSs, codewords, and / or other) and the pre-encoder. The received element can be pre-encoded by the pre-encoder, although the scope of embodiments in this respect is not limited. Embodiments are not restricted to using the correlations described above, as any suitable technique can be used to determine the signal quality measurement.

[0091] This example can be extended to include multiple signal quality measurements. For example, a first signal quality measurement can be determined based on the reception of a first element according to a first precoder. The first element may have been precoded by the first precoder. A second signal quality measurement can be determined based on the reception of a second element according to a second precoder. The second element may have been precoded by the second precoder. This example can be extended to include more than two signal quality measurements.

[0092] However, implementations are not limited to using CSI feedback to communicate signal quality measurements. Other techniques, messages, frames, and / or other elements can be used.

[0093] During Operation 850, the gNB 105 can determine a different precoder to be used for PT-RSs in one or more subsequent transmissions (uplink or downlink). In some embodiments, the gNB 105 can determine the precoder during Operation 850, at least partially, based on signal quality measurements received by the UE 102. For example, the UE 102 can determine signal quality measurements for multiple layers / DMRSs / precoders. In one non-limiting example, the UE 102 can include these signal quality measurements in the CSI feedback (and / or some other element). In another non-limiting example, the UE 102 can indicate the precoder for which the signal quality measurement is highest (and / or best).

[0094] In a non-restrictive example, the gNB 105 can select the precoder for PT-RSs in one or more subsequent transmissions, at least partially, based on signal quality measurements. For example, a plurality of signal quality measurements may be based on the reception of precoded DMRSs (received according to a suitable precoder), and the gNB 105 can select the precoder that corresponds to the best signal quality measurement among the plurality of signal quality measurements.

[0095] In some embodiments, a gNB 105 device may include a memory. The memory may be configurable to store one or more precoders. The memory may store one or more other elements, and the device may use them to perform one or more operations. The device may include a processing circuit arrangement capable of performing one or more operations (including, but not limited to, one or more operations of Method 800 and / or other methods described herein). The processing circuit arrangement may include a baseband processor. The baseband circuit arrangement and / or the processing circuit arrangement may perform one or more operations described herein, including, but not limited to, encoding a control signal generation.The gNB 105 device can include a transceiver for transmitting the control signal generation. The transceiver can transmit and / or receive other blocks, messages, and / or other elements.

[0096] Fig. 9 represents the operation of another method for communication according to some embodiments. Embodiments of method 900 may include additional or even fewer operations or processes compared to that described in Fig. 9 is shown, and embodiments of method 900 are not necessarily limited to the chronological order shown in Fig. Figure 9 can be seen. The description of procedure 900 can be found at [link to relevant section]. Fig. Reference is made to sections 1-12, although it is understood that Method 900 can be carried out with any other suitable systems, interfaces, and components. Furthermore, embodiments of Method 900 may be applicable to UEs 102, eNBs 104, gNBs 105, APs, STAs, and / or other wireless or mobile devices. Method 900 may also be applicable to a device of a UE 102, an eNB 104, a gNB 105, and / or any other device described above.

[0097] It should be noted that references to a UE 102 (such as in descriptions of Method 900 and / or other descriptions) are not limiting. In some embodiments, a gNB 105 and / or eNB 104 may perform one or more operations of Method 900.

[0098] In some embodiments, the UE 102 can perform one or more operations of the method 900; however, embodiments are not limited to the performance of the method 900 and / or its operations by the UE 102. In some embodiments, the eNB 104 can perform one or more 32

[0099] Perform operations of Method 900 (and / or similar operations). In some embodiments, an eNB 104 may be configured to operate as a gNB 105 and perform one or more operations of Method 900 (and / or similar operations). In some embodiments, the gNB 105 may perform one or more operations of Method 900 (and / or similar operations). Consequently, although the descriptions herein refer to the performance of one or more operations of Method 900 by the UE 102, it is understood that in some embodiments the eNB 104 and / or the gNB 105 may perform the same operation(s), a similar operation, and / or a reciprocal operation.

[0100] It should be noted that Procedure 900 can be performed by a UE 102 and may involve the exchange of elements, such as frames, signals, messages, and / or other elements, with a gNB 105. Similarly, Procedure 800 can be performed by a gNB 105 and may involve the exchange of such elements with a UE 102. In some cases, operations and techniques described as part of Procedure 800 may also be relevant to Procedure 900.Furthermore, embodiments of Method 900 may include one or more operations performed by the UE 102, which may be the same as, similar to, or reciprocal to one or more operations described herein performed by the gNB 105 (including, but not limited to, operations of Method 800). For example, an operation of Method 800 may include the transmission of an element (such as a frame, block, message, and / or other) by a gNB 105, and Method 900 may include the reception of an identical or similar element by the UE 102.

[0101] Furthermore, in some cases a prior explanation of various techniques and concepts may be applicable to Procedure 900, including precoders, control signal generation, REs, symbol periods, multilayer transmission, DM-RSs, PT-RSs, codewords, PUSCH, PDSCH, signal quality measurements, and / or others. Additionally, the examples given in Fig. 10-12 can be seen, may also be applicable in some cases, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect.

[0102] In Operation 905, the UE 102 can receive a control signal generation. In some embodiments, the UE 102 can receive the control signal generation from the gNB 105, although the scope of embodiments in this respect is not limited. In some embodiments, the control signal generation can be the same as or similar to the control signal generation described with reference to Method 800, although the scope of embodiments in this respect is not limited. In some embodiments, the control signal generation can include one or more elements included in descriptions of Method 800, although the scope of embodiments in this respect is not limited.

[0103] In operation 910, the UE 102 can specify a pre-encoder to be used for the PT-RSs. In some embodiments, the UE 102 can specify a pre-encoder to be used by the gNB 105 for downlink transmission of the PT-RSs. In some embodiments, the UE 102 can specify a pre-encoder to be used by the UE 102 for uplink transmission of the PT-RSs.

[0104] In some embodiments, multiple MCSs can be used to transmit codewords. These multiple MCSs can be used to transmit codewords across multiple layers, although the scope of embodiments in this respect is not limited. In some embodiments, the MCSs can be encompassed by candidate MCSs. The candidate MCSs can be mapped to an ordered plurality of MCS indices based on a non-decreasing relationship between the MCS indices and the corresponding number of information bits per modulation symbol for the candidate MCSs. For example, a first MCS might involve the use of BPSK modulation, and a rate 1 / 2 code might result in 0.5 bits / symbol. A second MCS might involve the use of QPSK modulation, and a rate 1 / 2 code might result in 1.0 bits / symbol. A first MCS index for the first MCS might be lower than a second MCS index for the second MCS.

[0105] In a non-restrictive example, the gNB 105 can use a first precoder in a downlink transmission to scale and / or precode a first codeword (of a first MCS), and it can use a second precoder to scale and / or precode a second codeword (of a second MCS). The gNB 105 can transmit the scaled first codeword and the scaled second codeword as part of the downlink transmission. The UE 102 can determine a precoder for the gNB 105 to use to scale PT-RSs in the downlink transmission. The first and second MCS can be encompassed by candidate MCSs, and the candidate MCSs can be mapped to an ordered plurality of MCS indices. The UE 102 can select the first and second precoder for which the corresponding MCS is highest.For example, if a first MCS index corresponding to the first MCS is greater than or equal to a second MCS index corresponding to the second MCS, UE 102 can determine that the first precoder should be used for the PT-RSs. If the second MCS index is greater than the first MCS index, UE 102 can determine that the second precoder should be used for the PT-RSs. This example can be extended to more than two MCSs, more than two precoders, and / or more than two layers.

[0106] In another non-restrictive example, the gNB 105 can use a first pre-encoder in a downlink transmission to scale and / or pre-encode a first codeword, and it can use a second pre-encoder to scale and / or pre-encode a second codeword. The gNB 105 can transmit the scaled first codeword and the scaled second codeword as part of the downlink transmission. The UE 102 can specify a pre-encoder for the gNB 105 to use to scale PT-RSs in the downlink transmission. The pre-encoder to be used to scale the PT-RSs can be based on the first and second pre-encoders. For example, a weighted sum, an average, and / or another function can be used. This example can be extended to more than two MCSs, more than two pre-encoders, and / or more than two layers.

[0107] In another non-restrictive example, the gNB 105 can use a first pre-encoder to scale and / or pre-encode first DM-RSs transmitted in first REs of a symbol period reserved for DM-RS transmission. The gNB 105 can use a second pre-encoder to scale and / or pre-encode second DM-RSs transmitted in second REs of the symbol period reserved for DM-RS transmission. The gNB 105 can scale and / or pre-encode PT-RSs for transmission in an RE (including, but not limited to, a predetermined RE). If the RE is included in the first REs, the UE 102 can determine that the first pre-encoder should be used to scale the PT-RSs. If the RE is included in the second REs, the UE 102 can determine that the second precoder should be used to scale the PT-RSs.This example can be extended to more than two MCSs, more than two precoders and / or more than two layers.

[0108] The techniques described above can be used in other cases. In one non-restrictive example, the gNB 105 can use the same or a similar technique to determine which pre-encoder the UE 102 should use for an uplink transmission of PT-RSs. In another non-restrictive example, the gNB 105 can use the same or a similar technique to determine which pre-encoder it should use for a downlink transmission of PT-RSs. In yet another non-restrictive example, the UE 102 can use the same or a similar technique to determine which pre-encoder it should use for an uplink transmission of PT-RSs.

[0109] In Operation 915, the UE 102 can receive one or more DM-RSs. In some embodiments, the UE 102 can receive the DM-RSs from the gNB 105, although the scope of embodiments in this respect is not limited. In Operation 920, the UE 102 can scale the DM-RSs.

[0110] In a non-restrictive example, the UE 102 can receive the first DM-RSs. The first DM-RSs can be pre-coded by the gNB 105 according to a first pre-coder. The UE 102 can receive the second DM-RSs. The second DM-RSs can be pre-coded by the gNB 105 according to a second pre-coder.

[0111] The UE 102 can scale the received first DM-RSs based on the first pre-encoder. In a non-restrictive example, the UE 102 can scale the received first DM-RSs based on an inverse of the first pre-encoder. The UE 102 can scale the received second DM-RSs based on an inverse of the second pre-encoder. For example, the gNB 105 can scale the first DM-RSs by the first pre-encoder, and the UE 102 can scale the received first DM-RSs by an inverse of the first pre-encoder. The gNB 105 can scale the second DM-RSs by the second pre-encoder, and the UE 102 can scale the received second DM-RSs by an inverse of the second pre-encoder.

[0112] Embodiments are not limited to the techniques described above. In some embodiments, the UE 102 can process the received first DM-RSs using a suitable technique to invert the first pre-encoder. The UE 102 can process the received second DM-RSs using a suitable technique to invert the second pre-encoder.

[0113] In a non-restrictive example, the first DM-RSs can be received in first resource elements (REs) reserved for DM-RSs in the symbol period reserved for DM-RSs. The second DM-RSs can be received in second REs reserved for DM-RSs in the symbol period reserved for DM-RSs.

[0114] The example above can be extended to cases where one or more additional DM-RSs (in addition to the first DM-RSs and the second DM-RSs) are used. The example above can be extended to cases where one or more additional layers (in addition to the first layer and the second layer) are used.

[0115] In operation 925, the UE 102 can receive the PT-RSs. In some embodiments, the UE 102 can receive the PT-RSs from the gNB 105, although the scope of embodiments in this respect is not limited. In operation 930, the UE 102 can scale the received PT-RSs.

[0116] In some embodiments, the PT-RSs can be pre-coded by the gNB 105 according to a pre-encoder for the PT-RSs. In a non-limiting example, the pre-encoder for the PT-RSs can be determined by the UE 102 using techniques described in Operation 810, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect. The UE 102 can scale the received PT-RSs based on the pre-encoder for the PT-RSs. In a non-limiting example, the UE 102 can scale the received PT-RSs based on an inverse of the pre-encoder for the PT-RSs. For example, the gNB 105 can scale the PT-RSs by the pre-encoder for the PT-RSs, and the UE 102 can scale the received PT-RSs by an inverse of the pre-encoder for the PT-RSs. The embodiments are not limited to the techniques described above.In some embodiments, the UE 102 can process the received PT-RSs using a suitable technique. Such techniques may include, but are not limited to, techniques for inverting the pre-encoder for the PT-RSs.

[0117] In a non-restrictive example, either a first or a second precoder can be used to scale the PT-RSs. A DCI can include an indication of whether the first or the second precoder should be used to scale the PT-RSs.

[0118] In some embodiments, the PT-RSs can be received in a plurality of symbol periods. In one non-restrictive example, the PT-RSs can be received in a RE that is reserved for PT-RSs in a plurality of symbol periods. In another non-restrictive example, the PT-RSs can be received in one or more REs that are reserved for PT-RSs in a plurality of symbol periods.

[0119] In some embodiments, the majority of symbol periods may be exclusive to the symbol period reserved for DM-RSs. In some embodiments, the majority of symbol periods may include the symbol period reserved for DM-RSs.

[0120] In Operation 935, the UE 102 can determine one or more common phase errors (CPEs). In some embodiments, the UE 102 can determine the CPEs based on phase differences between the scaled PT-RSs and one or more scaled DM-RSs. In a non-restrictive example, the UE 102 can determine the CPEs for a plurality of symbol periods based on phase differences between the scaled PT-RSs and at least one of the following: the scaled first DM-RSs and the scaled second DM-RSs. This example can be extended to include more than the first DM-RSs and the second DM-RSs.

[0121] During Operation 940, the UE 102 can determine one or more channel estimates. In some embodiments, the UE 102 can determine the channel estimates based on DM-RSs, although the scope of embodiments in this respect is not limited.

[0122] In Operation 945, the UE 102 can scale one or more codewords. In Operation 950, the UE 102 can decode one or more codewords. However, embodiments are not limited to scaling and decoding codewords. The UE 102 can scale and / or decode other elements, including, but not limited to, shared physical downlink channel (PDSCH) blocks.

[0123] In some embodiments, the UE 102 can receive values ​​in a plurality of REs in a plurality of symbol periods. The plurality of symbol periods can be exclusive to the symbol period reserved for DM-RSs, although the scope of exclusivity in this respect is not limited. The plurality of REs can be exclusive to the one or more REs reserved for PT-RSs, although the scope of embodiments in this respect is not limited. In some embodiments, the values ​​can be scaled by the CPEs on a per-symbol basis. In some embodiments, the UE 102 can decode a PDSCH block received in a plurality of symbol periods in a plurality of REs, based on the scaled received values.

[0124] In a non-restrictive example, the UE 102 can decode a received first codeword pre-coded by the first pre-encoder based on: a scaling operation based on an inverse of the first pre-encoder and a phase correction by one or more of the pro-symbol CPEs. The UE 102 can decode a received second codeword pre-coded by the second pre-encoder based on: a scaling operation based on an inverse of the second pre-encoder and a phase correction by one or more of the pro-symbol CPEs. In some cases, the UE 102 can determine first channel estimates based on the first DM-RSs; furthermore, decode the first codeword based on the first channel estimates; determine second channel estimates based on the second DM-RSs; and furthermore, decode the second codeword based on the second channel estimates.

[0125] In a non-restrictive example, the UE 102 can decode a first codeword received in a plurality of REs that overlap with the first REs in which the first DM-RSs are received. The UE 102 can determine the pro-symbol CPEs for pro-symbol phase correction for at least the first REs. The UE 102 can decode a second codeword received in another plurality of REs that overlaps with the second REs in which the second DM-RSs are received. The UE 102 can determine the pro-symbol CPEs for pro-symbol phase correction for at least the second REs. This example can be extended to include decoding more than two codewords.

[0126] In another non-restrictive example, the UE 102 can decode a first codeword based on a scaling operation that is the inverse of a first precoder. The UE 102 can decode a second codeword based on a different scaling operation that is the inverse of a second precoder. The first codeword can be received in a plurality of REs that at least partially overlap another plurality of REs in which the second codeword is received. This example can be extended to include the decoding of more than two codewords.

[0127] In Operation 955, the UE 102 can determine one or more signal quality measurements. In Operation 960, the UE 102 can transmit channel status information (CSI) feedback based on the signal quality measurement. However, embodiments are not limited to this specific type of message, as other messages can be used.

[0128] In some embodiments, a UE 102 device may include a memory. The memory may be configurable to store one or more precoders. The memory may store one or more other elements, and the device may use them to perform one or more operations. The device may include a processing circuit arrangement capable of performing one or more operations (including, but not limited to, operation(s) of Method 800 and / or other methods described herein). The processing circuit arrangement may include a baseband processor. The baseband circuit arrangement and / or the processing circuit arrangement may perform one or more operations described herein, including, but not limited to, decoding a control signal generation. The UE 102 device may include a transceiver for receiving the control signal generation.The sender-receiver can transmit and / or receive other blocks, messages and / or other elements.

[0129] Fig. Section 10 presents examples of reference signals according to some embodiments. Fig. Section 11 presents example operations according to some embodiments. Fig. Section 12 presents examples of reference signal transmission according to some embodiments. It should be noted that the examples given in Fig. Examples 10-12 may represent some or all of the concepts and techniques described herein; however, embodiments are not limited by the examples. For instance, embodiments are not limited by the name, number, type, size, sequence, arrangement, and / or other aspects of the operations, time resources, symbol periods, frequency resources, subcarriers, REs, transmitted / received elements (such as reference signals, PSS, SSS, and / or others), bandwidths, and other elements shown in Fig. 10-12 can be seen. Although some of the elements that appear in the examples of Fig. 10-12, which may be included in a 3GPP-LTE standard, 5G standard, NR standard and / or another standard, embodiments are not limited to the use of such elements included in the standards.

[0130] In some cases, a system (including, but not limited to, a 5G system) may operate in a relatively high frequency band (including, but not limited to, a frequency band of approximately 6 GHz or higher). Phase noise at the high frequency band may be more pronounced compared to phase noise occurring at a lower frequency band. The phase noise may cause common phase error (CPE), intercarrier interference (ICI), and / or other effects. CPE may refer to a common phase shift for some or all subcarriers in the same symbol. In some cases, CPE may have a dominant effect on phase noise. One example technique for tracking phase shift is the use of a phase-tracking reference signal (PT-RS). Fig. Figure 10 shows a non-restrictive example 1000 for PT-RS resource mapping. The receiver can estimate a phase error between the DMRS 1020 and PT-RS 1030 and then track the phase for some or all symbols. In some embodiments, the DMRS 1020 can be pre-coded. Example techniques for pre-coding the PT-RS 1030 are described herein.

[0131] In some embodiments, a PT-RS pre-coding can be determined based on one or more DMRS pre-encoders. In some embodiments, a PT-RS pre-coding can be independent of a DMRS pre-coding. In some cases, phase noise in different antenna elements for an antenna panel can be considered the same (or at least similar). However, phase noise can differ between different antenna panels in some cases.

[0132] In some embodiments, the PT-RS pre-encoder for a beam can be the same as a pre-encoder for one of the DMRS antenna ports (APs). In some cases, a quasi-collocation (QCL) assumption can be used. In some cases, AP sharing between the PT-RS and one of the DMRS antenna ports can be used. In some embodiments, an antenna port index for the PT-RS can be indicated by the downlink control information (DCI). In some embodiments, an independent indicator can be used. In some embodiments, an indicator can be encoded in the DCI along with a DMRS antenna port indicator. In a non-restrictive example, the independent indicator can be one bit. For example, a value of "0" can indicate antenna port "x" and a value of "1" can indicate antenna port "y".Another non-restrictive example of a jointly coded display with a DMRS antenna port indicator is shown in the following table.

[0133] In some embodiments, a default assumption for a PT-RS antenna port may be defined. For example, the gNB 105 PT-RS can transmit on the first DM-RS antenna port. However, embodiments are not limited to the first DM-RS antenna port, as any DM-RS antenna port can be used. This value may be predetermined and / or included in a standard / specification in some embodiments.

[0134] In some embodiments, there can be multiple codewords in one beam (such as two codewords). The PT-RS can use the antenna port index in which a highest modulation and encoding scheme (MCS) is configured.

[0135] If the MCS of the two codewords is the same, a standard antenna port can be used. For example, the antenna port with an index of "x" can be used.

[0136] In some embodiments, when the UE 102 provides channel state information, it can include a 1-bit indicator to suggest which layer has higher channel quality when the specified Rank Indicator (RI) is greater than 0. For example, a value of "0" can indicate that layer 0 may have higher channel quality than layer 1, and a value of "1" can indicate that layer 1 may have higher channel quality than layer 0.

[0137] In some configurations, the PT-RS antenna port can be predefined and / or configured for higher signal generation. The UE 102 may not require feedback from an indicator in some cases to recommend the PT-RS antenna port.

[0138] In some embodiments, when different antenna ports for DMRS are mapped in a frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) manner, the frequency position (such as 1105, 1110) of the PT-RS can be determined by the PT-RS antenna port index, as in 1100 in Fig. 11. Otherwise, the PT-RS frequency position (such as 1155) cannot change, regardless of which antenna port is used for the PT-RS, as in 1150 of Fig. 11 can be seen.

[0139] In some embodiments, the PT-RS can use an aggregated pre-encoder from some or all DMRS layers for a beam. For example, the pre-encoder for PT-RS can be given by the following formula or by a similar one. 1N∑j=1wj

[0140] In the above, w denotes jthe precoder of the DMRS for layer j. In some embodiments, the precoder for PT-RSs can be determined as a weighted sum, an average and / or another function of the precoders of one or more layers.

[0141] In some embodiments, the PT-RS can use a different pre-encoder compared to the DMRS. For example, if the UE recommends a rank>1 pre-encoder in feedback CSI, a rank=1 pre-encoder could always be reported back. The gNodeB could then use this pre-encoder to transmit the PT-RS. To track the phase for each symbol, the PT-RS could also be mapped to the DMRS symbol, as shown in Fig. Figure 3 is shown. For UL, an independent PMI for the PT-RS pre-encoder display can be shown via DCI. Alternatively, if a reciprocity-based transmission scheme is used, the UL-PT-RS pre-encoder can be selected via UE 102.

[0142] In some of the descriptions herein, an operation may be described as part of a downlink communication or an uplink communication.

[0143] However, embodiments are not limited to these descriptions. In some embodiments, an operation herein may be described in terms of one communication direction (uplink or downlink). The same operation, a similar operation, and / or a reciprocal operation may, in some embodiments, be applicable to the other communication direction (uplink or downlink). In one non-limiting example, an element in descriptions herein may be transmitted by the gNB 105 as part of a downlink communication. The same element, a similar element, and / or a reciprocal element may, in some embodiments, be transmitted by the UE 102 as part of an uplink communication. In another non-limiting example, a control signal generation transmitted by the gNB 105 may include control information for a downlink communication in descriptions herein.The same control information, similar control information and / or reciprocal control information may be included in a control signal generation transmitted by the gNB 104, in some embodiments in an uplink communication.

[0144] In some embodiments, when a UE 102 is configured with a PT-RS port and when the higher layer parameters "DL-dmrs-group 1" and "DL-dmrs-group 2" are not configured, the UE 102 may assume that the PT-RS antenna port is mapped to DM-RS antenna ports with respect to one or more mapping parameters. It should be noted that one or more of the DL-dmrs-group 1 parameter, the DL-dmrs-group 2 parameter, and / or the mapping parameters may be included in an NR standard and / or another standard, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect.

[0145] In some embodiments, when the UE 102 is configured with one codeword, the PT-RS antenna port can be assigned to the DM-RS antenna port with a lower index among the DM-RS antenna ports assigned to the shared physical downlink channel (PDSCH). When the UE 102 is configured with two codewords, the PT-RS antenna port can be assigned to the DM-RS antenna port with a lower index among the DM-RS antenna ports assigned to the codeword with the higher MCS. If the MCS indices of the two codewords are the same, the PT-RS antenna port can be assigned to the DM-RS antenna port with the lowest index, which is assigned to codeword 0. However, embodiments are not limited to the use of codeword 0, as in some embodiments a predetermined codeword (which may or may not be codeword 0) can be used.

[0146] In some embodiments, when the UE 102 is configured with the higher layer parameter "UL-PTRS-present" and the number of configured PT-RS ports is 1, the UE 102 can receive an indication of a DM-RS port to be mapped to the PT-RS. Uplink-downlink control information (UL-DCI) can be used, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect. It should be noted that the UL-PTRS-present parameter may be included in an NR standard and / or another standard, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect.

[0147] In Example 1, a user terminal equipment (UTE) device can include a memory. The device can further include a processing circuit arrangement. The processing circuit arrangement can be configured to decode downlink control (DC) information. The processing circuit arrangement can further be configured to scale first demodulation reference signals (DM-RSs) based on a first pre-encoder. The first DM-RSs can be received in a symbol period reserved for DM-RSs. The processing circuit arrangement can further be configured to scale second DM-RSs based on a second pre-encoder. The second DM-RSs can be received in the symbol period reserved for DM-RSs. The processing circuit arrangement can further be configured to scale phase-tracking reference signals (PT-RSs) based on either the first or the second pre-encoder.The PT-RSs can be received in a plurality of symbol periods. The DCI can include an indication of whether the first pre-encoder or the second pre-encoder should be used to scale the PT-RSs. The processing circuitry can further be configured to determine common phase errors (CPEs) for the plurality of symbol periods based on phase differences between the scaled PT-RSs and at least one of the following: the scaled first DM-RSs and the scaled second DM-RSs. The memory can be configured to store the indication included in the DCI.

[0148] In Example 2, the subject according to Example 1, the PT-RSs can be received in one or more REs reserved for PT-RSs in the plurality of symbol periods. The processing circuit arrangement can further be configured to scale received values ​​through the CPEs in a plurality of REs in the plurality of symbol periods. The received values ​​can be scaled by the CPEs on a per-symbol basis. The plurality of REs can be exclusive to the one or more REs reserved for PT-RSs.

[0149] In Example 3, the subject according to one of or a combination of Examples 1-2, wherein the majority of symbol periods may be exclusive to the symbol period reserved for DM-RSs. The processing circuit arrangement may further be designed to decode, based on the scaled received values, a shared physical downlink channel (PDSCH) block received in the majority of symbol periods in the majority of REs.

[0150] In Example 4, the subject matter according to one or a combination of Examples 1-3, the processing circuit arrangement may further be configured to decode a received first codeword precoded by the first precoder based on: a scaling operation based on an inverse of the first precoder and phase correction by one or more of the pro-symbol CPEs. The processing circuit arrangement may further be configured to decode a received second codeword precoded by the second precoder based on: a scaling operation based on an inverse of the second precoder and phase correction by one or more of the pro-symbol CPEs.

[0151] In Example 5, the subject matter according to one of or a combination of Examples 1-4, wherein the processing circuit arrangement may further be configured to determine first channel estimates based on the first DM-RSs. The processing circuit arrangement may further be configured to decode the first codeword based on the first channel estimates. The processing circuit arrangement may further be configured to determine second channel estimates based on the second DM-RSs. The processing circuit arrangement may further be configured to decode the second codeword based on the second channel estimates.

[0152] In Example 6, the subject according to one of or a combination of Examples 1-5, where the first DM-RSs can be received in first resource elements (REs) reserved for DM-RSs in the symbol period that The second DM-RSs can be received in second REs reserved for DM-RSs in the symbol period reserved for DM-RSs. The PT-RSs can be received in one or more REs reserved for PT-RSs in the multiple symbol periods.

[0153] In Example 7, the subject according to one or a combination of Examples 1-6, wherein the processing circuit arrangement may further be configured to decode an initial codeword received in a plurality of REs overlapping the initial REs. The processing circuit arrangement may further be configured to determine the per-symbol CPEs for per-symbol phase correction for at least the initial REs.

[0154] In Example 8, the subject according to one of or a combination of Examples 1-7, the processing circuit arrangement may further be configured to decode a first codeword based on a scaling operation that is based on an inverse of the first precoder. The processing circuit arrangement may further be configured to decode a second codeword based on another scaling operation that is based on an inverse of the second precoder. The first codeword may be received in a plurality of REs that at least partially overlap another plurality of REs in which the second codeword is received.

[0155] In Example 9, the subject matter according to one of or a combination of Examples 1-8, wherein the processing circuit arrangement may further be configured to scale the first DM-RSs based on an inverse of the first pre-encoder. The processing circuit arrangement may further be configured to scale second DM-RSs based on an inverse of the second pre-encoder. The processing circuit arrangement may further be configured to scale the PT-RSs based on an inverse of the pre-encoder to be used for scaling the PT-RSs.

[0156] In Example 10, the subject matter according to one or a combination of Examples 1-9, wherein the processing circuit arrangement may further be configured to determine a first signal quality measurement based on a reception of the first DM-RSs. The processing circuit arrangement may further be configured to determine a second signal quality measurement based on a reception of the second DM-RSs. The processing circuit arrangement may further be configured to encode a channel state information (CSI) feedback to the transmission, which includes information relating to the first and second signal quality measurements.

[0157] In Example 11, the subject according to one or a combination of Examples 1-10, the processing circuit arrangement may further be configured to scale the PT-RSs based on one precoder from a plurality of precoders when additional precoders are configured for additional DM-RSs. The DCI may include an indicator indicating which precoder from the plurality of precoders should be used to scale the PT-RSs.

[0158] In Example 12, the object is according to one of or a combination of Examples 1-11, wherein the UE may be arranged to operate according to a new radio protocol (NR).

[0159] In Example 13, the object according to one of or a combination of Examples 1-12, wherein the device may further comprise a transmitter-receiver to receive the DCI.

[0160] In Example 14, the subject according to one of or a combination of Example 1-13, wherein the processing circuit arrangement may include a baseband processor to decode the DCI.

[0161] In Example 15, a computer-readable storage medium can store instructions for execution by one or more processors to perform operations for communication by a Generation Node-B (gNB). The operations can configure the one or more processors to encode a first codeword according to a first modulation and encoding scheme (MCS). The first MCS can be contained within candidate MCSs. The candidate MCSs can be mapped to an ordered plurality of MCS indices. The operations can further configure the one or more processors to scale the first codeword through a first precoder. The operations can further configure the one or more processors to encode a second codeword according to a second MCS contained within the candidate MCSs.The operations can further configure one or more processors to scale the second codeword through a second pre-encoder. The operations can further configure one or more processors to encode phase-tracking reference signals (PT-RSs). The operations can further configure one or more processors to scale the PT-RSs through the first pre-encoder if a first MCS index corresponding to the first MCS is greater than or equal to a second MCS index corresponding to the second MCS. The operations can further configure one or more processors to scale the PT-RSs through the second pre-encoder if the first MCS index is less than the second MCS index.

[0162] In Example 16, the subject matter of Example 15, the operations can further configure the one or more processors to map the scaled first codeword to a first plurality of resource elements (REs) for transmission according to an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technique. The operations can further configure the one or more processors to map the scaled second codeword to a second plurality of REs for transmission according to an OFDMA technique, wherein the second plurality of REs overlaps the first plurality of REs. The operations can further configure the one or more processors to map the scaled PT-RSs to one or more REs for transmission according to an OFDMA technique.

[0163] In Example 17, the subject according to one or a combination of Examples 15-16, wherein the operations can further configure the one or more processors to map the scaled first codeword to a first plurality of resource elements (REs) for transmission on a first antenna of a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) array. The operations can further configure the one or more processors to map the scaled second codeword to a second plurality of REs for transmission on a second antenna of the MIMO array.

[0164] In Example 18, the subject according to one of or a combination of Examples 15-17, wherein the candidate MCSs can be mapped to the ordered plurality of MCS indices based on a non-decreasing relationship between the MCS indices and corresponding numbers of information bits per modulation symbol for the candidate MCSs.

[0165] In Example 19, a Generation Node-B (gNB) device can include a memory. The device can further include a processing circuit arrangement. The processing circuit arrangement can be configured to encode first demodulation reference signals (DM-RSs). The processing circuit arrangement can further be configured to scale the first DM-RSs through a first pre-encoder. The processing circuit arrangement can further be configured to map the scaled first DM-RSs to a first plurality of resource elements (REs) in a symbol period reserved for DM-RSs. The processing circuit arrangement can further be configured to encode second DM-RSs. The processing circuit arrangement can further be configured to scale the second DM-RSs through a second pre-encoder.The processing circuit arrangement can further be configured to map the scaled second DM-RSs to a second plurality of REs in the symbol period reserved for DM-RSs. The processing circuit arrangement can further be configured to encode phase-tracking reference signals (PT-RSs). The processing circuit arrangement can further be configured to scale the PT-RSs by the first pre-encoder if an RE reserved for PT-RSs is included in the first plurality of REs. The processing circuit arrangement can further be configured to scale the PT-RSs by the second pre-encoder if the RE reserved for the PT-RSs is included in the second plurality of REs. The processing circuit arrangement can further be configured to map the scaled PT-RSs in a plurality of symbol periods to the RE reserved for PT-RSs.The memory can be configured to store the first and second precoders.

[0166] In Example 20, the subject matter according to Example 19, the processing circuit arrangement can further be configured to map the scaled first DM-RSs for transmission according to an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technique. The processing circuit arrangement can further be configured to map the scaled second DM-RSs for transmission according to an OFDMA technique. The processing circuit arrangement can further be configured to map the scaled PT-RSs for transmission according to an OFDMA technique.

[0167] In Example 21, a user terminal equipment (UTE) device can include a memory. The device can further include a processing circuit arrangement. The processing circuit arrangement can be configured to decode a control signal generation indicating one or more demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) ports for uplink transmission of DM-RSs by the UEE. The processing circuit arrangement can further be configured to decode uplink-downlink control information (UL DCI). The processing circuit arrangement can further be configured to determine, based on an indicator included in the UL DCI, one of the DM-RS ports to be assigned to the PT-RS when the UEE has received an uplink phase-tracking reference signal present (UL PTRS present) parameter indicating that the UEE should transmit phase-tracking reference signals (PT-RSs) on a PT-RS port.The memory can be configured to store at least a section of the UL DCI.

[0168] In Example 22, the subject matter according to Example 21, wherein one or more pre-encoders may be configured for one or more DM-RS ports. The processing circuit arrangement may further be configured to encode the DM-RSs for transmission on the DM-RS ports. The processing circuit arrangement may further be configured to scale the DM-RSs according to the pre-encoders corresponding to the DM-RS ports. The processing circuit arrangement may further be configured to encode the PT-RSs for transmission on the PT-RS port. The processing circuit arrangement may further be configured to scale the PT-RSs according to the pre-encoder of the DM-RS port to be assigned to the PT-RS, as indicated by the UL DCI.

[0169] In Example 23, a Generation Node B (gNB) device may include a memory. The device may further include a processing circuit arrangement. The processing circuit arrangement may be configured to encode a control signal generation that indicates one or more demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) ports for downlink transmission of DM-RSs by the gNB. The processing circuit arrangement may further be configured to determine one of the DM-RS ports to correspond to a phase-tracking reference signal (PT-RS) port for downlink transmission of PT-RSs by the gNB. If a codeword is provided for a user terminal (UE) in a shared physical downlink channel (PDSCH), the PT-RS port may be determined to correspond to the DM-RS port of the lowest DM-RS index of the DM-RS ports indicated by the control signal generation.If two codewords are provided for the UE in the PDSCH, the PT-RS port can be determined, at least partially, based on the modulation and encoding schemes (MCS) of the two codewords. The memory can be configured to store at least a portion of the control signal generation.

[0170] In Example 24, the subject matter according to Example 23, wherein the processing circuit arrangement may further be configured to, when two codewords are provided for the UE in the PDSCH: if a first MCS of a first codeword of the two codewords is higher than a second MCS of a second codeword for the two codewords, determine the PT-RS port to correspond to the DM-RS port from the one or more DM-RS ports assigned to the first codeword for which a DM-RS index is lowest; and if the first MCS and the second MCS are equal, determine the PT-RS port to correspond to the DM-RS port from the one or more DM-RS ports assigned to a predetermined codeword of the two codewords for which a DM-RS index is lowest.

[0171] In Example 25, a Generation Node-B (gNB) device may include means for encoding a first codeword according to a first modulation and encoding scheme (MCS). The first MCS may be contained in candidate MCSs. The candidate MCSs may be mapped to an ordered plurality of MCS indices. The device may further include means for scaling the first codeword by a first pre-encoder. The device may further include means for encoding a second codeword according to a second MCS contained in the candidate MCSs. The device may further include means for scaling the second codeword by a second pre-encoder. The device may further include means for encoding phase-tracking reference signals (PT-RSs).The device may further comprise, if a first MCS index corresponding to the first MCS is greater than or equal to a second MCS index corresponding to the second MCS, means for scaling the PT-RSs by the first pre-encoder. The device may further comprise, if the first MCS index is less than the second MCS index, means for scaling the PT-RSs by the second pre-encoder.

[0172] In Example 26, the subject matter according to Example 25, the device may further comprise means for mapping the scaled first codeword to a first plurality of resource elements (REs) for transmission according to an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technique. The device may further comprise means for mapping the scaled second codeword to a second plurality of REs for transmission according to an OFDMA technique. The second plurality of REs may overlap the first plurality of REs. The device may further comprise means for mapping the scaled PT-RSs to one or more REs for transmission according to an OFDMA technique.

[0173] In Example 27, the subject matter according to one or a combination of Examples 25-26, wherein the device may further comprise means for mapping the scaled first codeword to a first plurality of resource elements (REs) for transmission on a first antenna of a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) arrangement. The device may further comprise means for mapping the second codeword to a second plurality of REs for transmission on a second antenna of the MIMO arrangement.

[0174] In Example 28, the subject according to one of or a combination of Examples 25-27, wherein the candidate MCSs can be mapped to the ordered plurality of MCS indices based on a non-decreasing relationship between the MCS indices and corresponding numbers of information bits per modulation symbol for the candidate MCSs.

[0175] The summary is provided in accordance with 37 CFR Section 1.72(b), which requires a summary that allows the reader to quickly understand the nature and content of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to limit or interpret the scope or meaning of the claims.

[0176] The following claims are hereby integrated into the detailed description, with each claim representing a separate embodiment on its own.

Claims

[1] A device of a user terminal equipment (UTE), the device comprising: a memory; and a processing circuit arrangement configured to: Decoding downlink control information (DCI); Scaling first demodulation reference signals (DM-RSs) based on a first pre-coder, with the first DM-RSs being received in a symbol period reserved for DM-RSs; Scaling of second DM-RSs based on a second pre-encoder, with the second DM-RSs being received in the symbol period reserved for DM-RSs; Scaling phase-tracking reference signals (PT-RSs) based on either the first or the second pre-encoder, wherein the PT-RSs are received in a plurality of symbol periods, the DCI including an indication of whether the first pre-encoder or the second pre-encoder is to be used for scaling the PT-RSs; and Determining common phase errors (CPEs) for the majority of symbol periods based on phase differences between the scaled PT-RSs and at least one of: the scaled first DM-RSs and the scaled second DM-RSs, the memory is designed to store the display included in the DCI. [2] The device according to claim 1, wherein: the PT-RSs are received in one or more REs that are assigned to PT-RSs in the majority of symbol periods, wherein the processing circuit arrangement is further configured to: Scaling values ​​received by CPEs into a plurality of REs in the plurality of symbol periods, where the received values ​​are scaled by the CPEs on a per-symbol basis, where the majority of REs are exclusive to the one or more REs that are reserved for PT-RSs. [3] The device according to claim 2, wherein: the majority of symbol periods are exclusive to the symbol period reserved for DM-RSs, and wherein the processing circuit arrangement is further configured to: Decoding, based on the scaled received values, of a shared physical downlink channel (PDSCH) block, which is received in the majority of symbol periods in the majority of REs. [4] The device according to claim 1, the processing circuit arrangement further configured to: Decoding a received first codeword pre-coded by the first pre-coder, based on: a scaling operation based on an inverse of the first precoder, and a phase correction by one or more of the Pro-Symbol CPEs; and Decoding a received second codeword pre-coded by the second pre-coder, based on: a scaling operation based on an inverse of the second precoder, and a phase correction by one or more of the Pro-Symbol CPEs. [5] The device according to claim 1 or 4, the processing circuit arrangement further configured to: Determining initial channel estimates based on the first DM-RSs; Decoding the first codeword further based on the first channel estimates; Determining second channel estimates based on the second DM-RSs; and decoding the second codeword further based on the second channel estimates. [6] The device according to claim 1, wherein: the first DM-RSs are received in the first resource elements (REs) that are reserved for DM-RSs in the symbol period that is reserved for DM-RSs, the second DM-RSs are received in second REs that are reserved for DM-RSs in the symbol period that is reserved for DM-RSs, and the PT-RSs are received in one or more REs that are reserved for PT-RSs in the majority of symbol periods. [7] The device according to claim 6, the processing circuit arrangement further configured to: Decoding an initial codeword received in a plurality of REs that overlap the initial REs; and Determining the per-symbol CPEs for the per-symbol phase correction for at least the first REs. [8] The device according to one of claims 1 and 6-7, the processing circuit arrangement further configured to: Decoding an initial codeword based on a scaling operation that is based on an inverse of the initial precoder; and Decoding a second codeword based on a different scaling operation that is based on an inverse of the second precoder, where the first codeword is received in a plurality of REs that at least partially overlap another plurality of REs in which the second codeword is received. [9] The device according to claim 1, the processing circuit arrangement further configured to: Scaling the first DM-RSs based on an inverse of the first precoder; Scaling the second DM-RSs based on an inverse of the second precoder; and Scaling the PT-RSs based on an inverse of the precoder to be used for scaling the PT-RSs. [10] The device according to claim 1, the processing circuit arrangement further configured to: Determining an initial signal quality measurement based on the reception of the first DM-RSs; Determine a second signal quality measurement based on the reception of the second DM-RSs; and Encoding a channel state information (CSI) feedback for the transmission, which includes information relating to the first and second signal quality measurements. [11] The device according to one of claims 1 and 9-10, the processing circuit arrangement further configured to: If additional precoders are trained for additional DM-RSs, scaling of the PT-RSs is based on one precoder of a plurality of precoders, the DCI including an indication of which precoder of the plurality of precoders is to be used for scaling the PT-RSs. [12] The device according to claim 1, wherein the UE is arranged to operate according to a new radio protocol (NR). [13] The device according to claim 1, wherein the device further comprises a transmitter-receiver for receiving the DCI. [14] The device according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuit arrangement comprises a baseband processor for decoding the DCI. [15] A computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by one or more processors to perform operations for communication by a Generation Node-B (gNB), wherein the operations for configuring the one or more processors are as follows: Encoding a first codeword according to a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS), wherein the first MCS is included in the candidate MCSs and the candidate MCSs are mapped to an ordered plurality of MCS indices; Scaling the first codeword by a first precoder; Encoding a second codeword according to a second MCS that is included in the candidate MCSs; Scaling the second codeword by a second pre-coder; Encoding phase tracking reference signals (PT-RSs); if a first MCS index corresponding to the first MCS is greater than or equal to a second MCS index corresponding to the second MCS: Scaling of the PT-RSs by the first precoder; and if the first MCS index is smaller than the second MCS index: Scaling of the PT-RSs by the second pre-coder. [16] The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 15, comprising operations for further configuration of the one or more processors: Mapping the scaled first codeword to a first plurality of resource elements (REs) for transmission according to an orthogonal frequency division multiple access technique (OFDMA); Mapping the scaled second codeword to a second plurality of REs for transmission according to an OFDMA technique, wherein the second plurality of REs overlaps the first plurality of REs; and Mapping the scaled PT-RSs to one or more REs for transmission according to an OFDMA technique. [17] The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 15, comprising operations for further configuration of the one or more processors: Mapping the scaled first codeword to a first plurality of resource elements (REs) for transmission on a first antenna of a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) array; and Mapping the scaled second codeword to a second plurality of REs for transmission on a second antenna of the MIMO arrangement. [18] The computer-readable storage medium according to one of claims 15-17, wherein: The candidate MCSs are mapped to the ordered plurality of MCS indices, based on a non-decreasing relationship between the MCS indices and the corresponding number of information bits per modulation symbol for the candidate MCSs. [19] A Generation Node B (gNB) device comprising: a memory; and a processing circuit arrangement configured to: Encoding of first demodulation reference signals (DM-RSs); Scaling the first DM-RSs by a first pre-coder; Mapping the scaled first DM-RSs to a first plurality of resource elements (REs) in a symbol period reserved for DM-RSs; Encoding second DM-RSs; Scaling the second DM-RS by a second pre-coder; Mapping the scaled second DM-RSs to a second plurality of REs in the symbol period reserved for DM-RSs; Encoding phase tracking reference signals (PT-RSs); If a RE reserved for PT-RSs is included in the first plurality of REs, scale the PT-RSs by the first precoder; If the RE reserved for PT-RSs is included in the second plurality of REs, scale the PT-RSs by the second precoder; and Mapping the scaled PT-RSs in a plurality of symbol periods to the RE reserved for PT-RSs, the memory is designed to store the first and second precoders. [20] The device according to claim 19, the processing circuit arrangement further configured to: Mapping the scaled first DM-RSs for transmission according to a multiple access technique by orthogonal frequency division (OFDMA); Mapping the scaled second DM-RSs for transmission according to an OFDMA technique; and Mapping the scaled PT-RSs for transmission according to an OFDMA technique. [21] A device of a user terminal equipment (UTE), the device comprising: a memory; and a processing circuit arrangement configured to: Decoding a control signal generation that indicates one or more demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) ports for uplink transmission of DM-RSs through the UE; Decoding uplink-downlink control information (UL DCI), if the UE has received an uplink phase tracking reference signal present (UL-PTRSpresent) parameter indicating that the UE should transmit phase tracking reference signals (PT-RSs) on a PT-RS port: Determine, based on an indicator included in the UL DCI, one of the DM-RS ports to be assigned to the PT-RS, the memory is designed to store at least one section of the UL DCI. [22] The device according to claim 21, wherein: one or more pre-encoders are configured for one or more DM-RS ports, wherein the processing circuit arrangement is further configured to: Encoding the DM-RSs for transmission on the DM-RS ports; Scaling the DM-RSs according to the pre-encoders that correspond to the DM-RS ports; Encoding the PT-RSs for transmission on the PT-RS port; and Scaling the PT-RSs according to the pre-encoder of the DM-RS port to be assigned to the PT-RS, as indicated by the UL DCI. [23] A Generation Node B (gNB) device comprising: a memory; and a processing circuit arrangement configured to: Encoding a control signal generation that indicates one or more demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) ports for downlink transmission of DM-RSs by the gNB; Determine one of the DM-RS ports such that it corresponds to a phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS) port for downlink transmission of PT-RSs by the gNB, wherein: If a codeword for a user terminal (UE) is provided in a shared physical downlink channel (PDSCH), the PT-RS port is determined to correspond to the DM-RS port of the lowest DM-RS index of the DM-RS ports indicated by the control signal generation; and If two codewords are provided for the UE in the PDSCH, the PT-RS port is determined at least partially based on a comparison of the modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) of the two codewords. wherein the memory is designed to store at least one section of the control signal generation. [24] The device according to claim 23, the processing circuit arrangement further configured to: if two code words for the UE are provided in the PDSCH: If the first MCS of a first codeword of the two codewords is higher than the second MCS of a second codeword of the two codewords, determine the PT-RS port to correspond to the DM-RS port of the one or more DM-RS ports assigned to the first codeword for which a DM-RS index is lowest; and If the first MCS and the second MCS are the same, determine the PT-RS port such that it corresponds to the DM-RS port of one or more DM-RS ports that are assigned to a predetermined codeword of the two codewords for which a DM-RS index is lowest.

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