Propellant stimulation to measure the temporary pressure effects of the propellant

Abstract

Methods for testing a perforation tool system, comprising: Arranging a blowing agent disc assembly in a perforation tool system, wherein the blowing agent disc assembly comprises a blowing agent; Arranging the perforation tool system in a simulated borehole of a borehole simulator pressure vessel, wherein the perforation tool system comprises one or more shaped charges; Positioning a formation sample adjacent to the perforation tool system in the borehole simulator pressure vessel; applying negative pressure to the simulated borehole; Detonation of one or more shaped charges; ignition of the propellant; Collecting one or more pressure measurements in conjunction with a performance reading of the perforation tool system; and Modifying the perforation tool system at least partially based on at least one of the one or more measurements.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to the evaluation of the equipment used and the processes carried out in connection with an underground borehole, in particular the use of propellant stimulation to measure temporary pressure effects of the propellant. GENERAL STATE OF THE ART

[0002] Hydrocarbons such as oil and gas are typically extracted from underground formations, which can be located on land or at sea. The development of underground operations and the processes involved in extracting hydrocarbons from an underground formation are complex. Underground operations typically involve a number of distinct steps, such as drilling a well at a desired location, treating the well to optimize hydrocarbon production, and carrying out the necessary steps to produce and process the hydrocarbons from the underground formation. Measurements of the underground formation can be performed throughout the operations to characterize the formation and aid in operational decision-making.In certain cases, a communication interface of a borehole tool can be used to communicate data related to measurements of the formation or other borehole parameters.

[0003] A perforation tooling system is typically used to maximize the potential extraction of such hydrocarbons. However, in any given operation, the perforation tooling system may be selected based on little to no knowledge of the likely wellload performance, pore pressure, or chamber integrity. Additional data is needed to more accurately select and configure the appropriate perforation tooling system for a specific operation.

[0004] US 2009 / 0241700A1 relates to a device for producing a target core to enable testing under simulated borehole conditions. The device comprises a support core with a target core receiving area. A flexible sheath can hold the support core and apply a confining stress to it. A quantity of unconsolidated sand is placed within the target core receiving area of ​​the support core. The support core can transfer at least some of the confining stress to the unconsolidated sand, thereby forming the target core. The device simulates borehole conditions so that flow tests can be performed on the target core before and after perforation.

[0005] US 2001 / 0001418A1 relates to a method and apparatus for perforating and stimulating an underground formation penetrated by a borehole containing casing, in order to establish a fluid connection between the formation and the borehole. A substantially rigid, flexible, or liquid propellant is placed between the casing and at least one shaped charge in an underground borehole and ignited by the shock, heat, and / or pressure generated by the detonated charge. Upon combustion, the propellant produces gases that clear the perforations created in the formation by the detonation of the shaped charge(s) and expand the fluid connection between the formation and the borehole.

[0006] US 2007 / 0240873A1 relates to a surge chamber arrangement for use in a borehole, comprising a casing with one or more openings, a surge chamber, and a combustion chamber. The openings establish a fluid connection between the outside of the casing and the surge chamber. A sleeve is slidably arranged within the casing and has a first position in which fluid connection through the openings is prevented, and a second position in which fluid connection through the openings is possible. A combustible element is arranged in the combustion chamber such that the combustion of the combustible element generates pressure in the combustion chamber that moves the sleeve from the first position to the second position.

[0007] WO 2012 / 082144A1 relates to a formation test method comprising connecting several pressure sensors and several perforation guns in a perforation string, wherein the pressure sensors are spaced apart longitudinally along the perforation string, firing the perforation guns, and measuring pressure fluctuations in a borehole by the pressure sensors after firing the perforation guns. It further comprises a formation test method involving connecting several pressure sensors and several perforation guns in a perforation string, firing the perforation guns, and thereby perforating a borehole in several formation intervals, wherein each of the pressure sensors is positioned near a corresponding formation interval, and each pressure sensor measures pressure fluctuations in the borehole near the corresponding interval after firing the perforation guns.

[0008] US 2005 / 0109509A1 relates to a method and device for stimulating an underground formation penetrated by a borehole in fluid commencing with the formation. At least one piece of propellant is connected to at least one shaped explosive charge directed axially along the borehole toward the propellant. The detonation of the explosive charge ignites the propellant and any subsequent explosive charge located in the borehole. The detonation of the subsequent explosive charge ignites the next piece of propellant and the next explosive charge. Figures

[0009] Some specific embodiments of the disclosure will be partially understood with reference to the following description and the accompanying drawings. Fig. Figure 1 is a diagram showing an illustrative borehole system with a perforation tool system according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 2 is a diagram showing an illustrative view of a well simulator pressure vessel according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 3 is a diagram of a view of a laboratory pistol-simulated wave arrangement according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 4 is a diagram of a cross-sectional view of a laboratory pistol-simulated wave arrangement according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 5 is a diagram of a view of a laboratory pistol-simulated wave arrangement according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 6 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining measurements of temporary pressure effects due to propellant stimulation in a test environment according to API RP 19B Section 2 or Section 4 according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 7 is a diagram showing an exemplary information processing system according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0010] Although embodiments of this disclosure have been illustrated and described and are defined by reference to exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, such references do not imply any limitation of the disclosure, nor may such a limitation be inferred. Significant modifications, changes, and equivalents in form and function are possible with the disclosed subject matter, as is obvious to the person skilled in the art due to the usefulness of this disclosure. The illustrated and described embodiments of this disclosure are merely examples and do not fully cover the scope of the disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] For the purposes of this disclosure, an information processing system may include any means or set of means operable to compute, classify, process, transmit, receive, retrieve, generate, switch, store, display, disclose, detect, record, reproduce, handle, or use any form of information, knowledge, or data for business, scientific, regulatory, or other purposes. For example, an information processing system may be a personal computer, a network storage device, or any other suitable device and may vary in size, shape, performance, functionality, and price. The information processing system may include random-access memory (RAM), one or more processing resources, such as…The information processing system may include a central processing unit (CPU) or hardware or software control logic, read-only memory (ROM), and / or other types of non-volatile memory. Other components of the information processing system may include one or more disk drives, one or more network ports for communicating with external devices, and various input / output (I / O) devices such as a keyboard, mouse, and video display. The information processing system may also include one or more buses capable of transmitting communication between the various hardware components. It may also include one or more interface units capable of transmitting one or more signals to a controller, actuator, or similar device.

[0012] For the purposes of this disclosure, computer-readable media may include any means or sum of means capable of storing data and / or instructions for a period of time. Computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to, storage media such as a random-access storage device (e.g., a hard disk drive or a floppy disk drive), a sequential-access storage device (e.g., a tape drive), a compact disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD, RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), and / or flash memory; as well as communication media such as wires, optical fibers, microwaves, radio waves, and other electromagnetic and / or optical carriers; and / or any combination thereof.

[0013] Illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail here. For the sake of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation may be described in this description. It is understood, of course, that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation-specific decisions are made to achieve the specific implementation goals, which vary from one implementation to the next. Furthermore, it is understood that while such development efforts can be complex and time-consuming, they nevertheless represent a routine undertaking for the person skilled in the art due to the usefulness of the present disclosure.

[0014] To facilitate a better understanding of the present disclosure, the following examples of specific embodiments are provided. The following examples are in no way to be construed as limiting or defining the scope of the invention. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applicable to horizontal, vertical, deflected, or otherwise nonlinear boreholes in any type of underground formation. Embodiments may be applicable to both injection and production wells, including hydrocarbon wells. The American Petroleum Institute (API RP) 19B Recommended Practices, Sections 2 and 4, provide a standard for testing the performance of a well perforation environment. However, there is a need for a test environment to test the propellant-assisted perforation technique using this standard methodology.Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a test apparatus that enables the use of propellant stimulation during a test according to API RP 19B Section 2 or Section 4, which enables the measurement of the temporary pressure effects of the propellant.

[0015] Different aspects of this revelation can be implemented in different settings. For example, Fig. Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a borehole system 100 with a perforation tool system according to aspects of this disclosure. The borehole system 100 includes a drill rig 102 positioned at a surface 104. The drill rig 102 may support components of the borehole system 100, including a pipe string 106. The pipe string 106 may include segmented pipes extending below the surface 104 and into a borehole 108. The borehole 108 may extend through subsurface formations 110 in the earth adjacent to the borehole 108. The subsurface formations 110 may include a perforation, opening, or fracture 112, here collectively referred to as a fracture 112. In some aspects, the fracture 112 may be a separation of the subsurface formation 110, forming a crack or fissure in the subsurface formations 110.In additional aspects, the fracture 112 can be created by a fracture process in which high-pressure gas is forced into the formations 110 via the perforation tooling system or the arrangement 120. A pump 114 is positioned at the surface 104 near the borehole 108 to pump a fluid into the borehole. The fluid can be pumped into the borehole at a certain rate to expand the fracture 112 or to fill a perforation or fracture 112. The fracture 112 can serve as a pathway for the production of hydrocarbons from underground reservoirs. A slow-injection pumping device can be included to inject additional fluid into the fracture 112 to further open or extend the fracture 112 in the underground formation 110. In one or more aspects, the slow-injection pumping device 116A can be positioned at the surface, as shown in [reference missing]. Fig. Figure 1 shows that the slow-injection pump device can be positioned on the pipe string 106 in one or more aspects, as shown by block 116B. Proppants and other additives may have been added to the fluid during or before the fluid flows through the pump 114. The proppant may remain in the fracture 112 after the fracturing process is complete to prevent the fracture 112 from closing completely.

[0016] A perforation tool system 120 according to one or more aspects of the present invention can also be positioned or deployed in the borehole. In one or more embodiments, the perforation tool system 120 can be positioned along, connected to, or coupled to the pipe string 106, a bottom hole assembly, or another suitable borehole unfolding device or tool. A perforation tool system 120 can employ propellant stimulation to enhance or extend a fracture 112. The perforation tool system 120 can comprise propellant arranged, for example, around a sleeve, which, upon activation or deflagration, creates a tunnel through the casing or lining arranged within the borehole 108 into the formation 110 (for example, extending a fracture 112).The perforation tool system 120 can be coupled to a control unit 118 on the surface 104 via an electrical connection 122.

[0017] In one or more embodiments, the control unit 118 can be positioned in the borehole or remotely from the borehole environment 100. The control unit 118 can transmit a signal to the perforation tool system 120 to trigger a deflagration of the propellant (not shown) arranged within the perforation tool system 120. In one or more embodiments, the electrical connection 122 can be any material suitable for transmitting an electrical signal, including, but not limited to, a wire, one or more cables (such as a detonator cable), or any other suitable conductive line or connection. The perforation tool system 120 can be configured according to, or at least partially based on, one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0018] Fig. Figure 2 is a diagram showing an illustrative view of a well simulator pressure vessel 200 according to aspects of the present disclosure. The well simulator pressure vessel 200 comprises a simulated well chamber 260. The simulated well chamber assembly 260 can be cylindrical in shape, as shown in Fig. Figure 2 illustrates this. In one or more embodiments, the simulated borehole chamber assembly 260 can have any suitable shape that enables the stimulation of a formation sample 220 by a simulated perforation tool system 210 according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. The simulated borehole chamber assembly 260 includes a borehole chamber cap 280 to seal the simulated borehole chamber assembly 260 (or the simulated borehole 282) in order to maintain pressure in the simulated borehole chamber assembly 260 (or the simulated borehole 282). The borehole chamber cap 280 can include one or more sensors 284 that are attached inside (as shown) or on outside the borehole chamber cap 280 (not shown). The one or more sensors 284 can be coupled directly or indirectly to an information processing system 290.In one or more embodiments, the information processing system 290 can include one or more in . Fig. 7 illustrated information processing systems comprise 700.

[0019] A simulated borehole 282 is arranged around an interior 250 of the simulated borehole chamber assembly 260 and coupled to a formation sample 220. The simulated borehole 282 is pressurized to apply a pressure approximating an actual, predicted, or predetermined borehole pressure to the simulated perforating tool system 210. The simulated borehole 282 can meet the borehole cavity requirements according to API RP 19 Sections 2 and 4.

[0020] A simulated perforation tool system 210 is arranged or positioned within an interior 250 of the simulated borehole chamber assembly 260 or the simulated borehole 282. The simulated perforation tool system 210 can be any type of laboratory gun assembly comprising a shaped charge 240. A propellant disk assembly 212 can be coupled to, mounted on, arranged with, or positioned in the simulated perforation tool assembly 210 or in any other part thereof. The simulated perforation tool system 210 can include one or more components required for a given operation. A connector 270 can be coupled to the shaped charge 240 of the simulated perforation tool system 210. The connector 270 can include one or more electrical leads that carry a signal.The connector 270 can pass through an opening at one end of the simulated perforation tool system 210 or through any other location of the simulated perforation tool system 210. The connector 270 can be directly or indirectly coupled or communicatively coupled to a power source or an information processing system 290, such that an electrical signal is provided to detonate the shaped charge 240. The detonation of the shaped charge 240 can be controlled manually or by executing one or more instructions from a software program running on an information processing system 290. While only one shaped charge 240 is illustrated, the present disclosure provides for any number of shaped charges 210 in any number of configurations.In one or more embodiments, a propellant disc arrangement 212 can simulate a sleeve attached to an outside of the simulated perforation tool system 210, such that the propellant is deflagrated when the shaped charge 240 is detonated.

[0021] The propellant disk assembly 212 may include a propellant (not shown). In one or more embodiments, the propellant is ignited by the detonation of one or more shaped charges 240. In one or more embodiments, the propellant disk assembly 212 is coupled to the connector 270 or any other detonation device or detonation mechanism, and a signal transmitted via the connector 270 ignites the propellant. The propellant disk assembly 212 is also coupled to the simulated perforation tool system 210. The propellant disk assembly 212 provides propellant-assisted expansion or extension of a formation specimen 220. The propellant disk assembly 212 provides propellant stimulation to enable the measurement of the temporary pressure effects of the propellant, for example, during a test according to API RP 19B Section 2 or Section 4.

[0022] The wellbore simulator pressure vessel 200 can include one or more waste chambers 230 arranged around the formation sample 220. The waste chamber 230 contains a waste fluid. The formation sample 220 can be isolated from the waste chamber 230 by a rubber jacket 222. One or more gas- or oil-loaded flow loops (not shown) can be arranged upstream and downstream of the formation sample 220 to absorb the hydraulic shock of the perforation event and to simulate the pressure surges that would accompany a perforation in the wellbore.

[0023] Fig. Figure 3 is a view of a laboratory pistol-simulated shaft assembly 300 according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The laboratory pistol-simulated shaft assembly 300 comprises a laboratory pistol-simulated shaft 310. The laboratory pistol-simulated shaft 310 is an end plate of the simulated perforation tool system 210. The propellant disc assembly 212 is coupled to the simulated perforation tool system 210 via the laboratory pistol-simulated shaft 310. In one or more embodiments, the laboratory pistol-simulated shaft 310 comprises a mounting plate 320. For example, the mounting plate 320 may be coupled to or arranged around the laboratory pistol-simulated shaft 310, or may be formed or shaped as part of the laboratory pistol-simulated shaft 310. The mounting plate 320 may be a raised plate, for example, a raised circular plate as shown in Figure 3. Fig. Figure 3 illustrates. In one or more embodiments, the mounting plate 320 can be flush with the laboratory-gun-simulated shaft 310, or can include chamfered edges, or any suitable shape according to a selected simulated perforation tool system 210.

[0024] The mounting plate 320 may include an arrangement for attaching a propellant 350 to the mounting plate 320. For example, the mounting plate 320 may include one or more brackets 330. In one or more embodiments, one or more brackets 330 may be coupled to, arranged around, or otherwise formed or shaped by the laboratory gun-simulated shaft 310. The brackets 330 may include any one or more of fastening tabs, receptacles, supports, projections, prongs, or any other devices or mechanisms suitable for attaching a propellant 350 to the mounting plate 320 or to any other element or surface of the laboratory gun-simulated shaft 310. The one or more brackets 330 may include one or more set screws 340.An adjusting screw 340 can comprise any one or more bolts, screws, wires, pins, or any other devices or mechanisms suitable for securing the propellant disc to the mounting plate 320 or any other element or surface of the laboratory pistol-simulated shaft 310 via the one or more brackets 330. In one or more embodiments, the propellant 350 is attached or coupled to the laboratory pistol-simulated shaft 310 via at least one bracket 330, at least one adjusting screw 340, or any combination thereof. For example, in one or more embodiments, one or more brackets 330 can comprise a spring-loaded bracket such that the propellant 350 is secured by a force exerted by a spring (not shown).In one or more embodiments, one or more holders 330 can comprise one or more prongs that secure the propellant 350 by means of tension on the prongs. In one or more embodiments, one or more adjusting screws 340 can extend through the propellant 350 to the laboratory pistol-simulated shaft 310. In one or more embodiments, one or more adjusting screws 340 can secure or hold the propellant 350 in place when the jet of the shaped charge strikes the propellant 350.

[0025] The blowing agent 350 can comprise any type of blowing agent to assist the perforation or stimulation of a formation sample 220. The selection of the blowing agent 350 can simulate the use of a blowing agent sleeve. In one or more embodiments, the blowing agent 350 can comprise an oxidizing agent consisting of ammonium perchlorate or potassium perchlorate mixed with a resin material and formed into the shape of a cylindrical sleeve, for example, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tube. While the blowing agent 350 is illustrated as disc-shaped, the present invention provides that the blowing agent 350 can comprise any shape, dimension, or weight suitable for a given process. Fig. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a laboratory gun-simulated shaft assembly 400 according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. A laboratory gun-simulated shaft assembly 400 may comprise a laboratory gun-simulated shaft 310 coupled to the simulated perforation tool system 210. The laboratory gun-simulated shaft 310 may comprise a mounting plate 320, one or more supports 330, and one or more set screws 340. A fluid gap 410 may be arranged between a bottom face of the laboratory gun-simulated shaft 310 and the housing section 420. The fluid gap 410 simulates a perforation tool system within the housing. For example, a perforation tool system with an outer diameter of 7 inches (17.78 cm) within a housing with an inner diameter of 10 inches (25.4 cm) may have a fluid gap 410 of 1.5 inches (3.81 cm). The casing section 420 can be coupled to a cement section 430.In one or more embodiments, the housing section 420 and the fluid gap 410 can be selected based on one or more actual borehole configurations chosen for the simulation. For example, the housing section 420 and the fluid gap 410 can be selected based on one or more borehole dimensions of a borehole (to be simulated) connected to a housing (such as inner diameter, outer diameter) or a perforation tool system (to be simulated). The shaped charge container 440 is arranged in a section or part of the laboratory-gun-simulated shaft 310. The shaped charge container 440 carries a shaped charge 240. The shaped charge container 440 can have dimensions corresponding to the shape of the shaped charge 240.In one or more embodiments, the shaped charge container 440 can have an interior such that, once the shaped charge 240 is positioned inside the shaped charge container 440, the shaped charge 240 is flush with an outer surface of the laboratory pistol-simulated shaft 310. In one or more embodiments, the shaped charge container 440 is selected, dimensioned, or adjusted at least partially based on the simulated perforation tool arrangement 210.

[0026] Fig. Figure 5 is a diagram of a view of a laboratory pistol-simulated shaft assembly 500 according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The laboratory pistol-simulated shaft assembly 500 in one or more embodiments may include a laboratory pistol-simulated shaft 510 (similar to or identical with the laboratory pistol-simulated shaft 310 in Fig. 3) and a propellant 350. The laboratory pistol-simulated shaft 510 can be arranged around or positioned on any one or more of the mounts 330, as shown in Fig. Figure 3 illustrates this. The laboratory-gun-simulated shaft 510 can include a mold 520 that wraps around one or more supports 330, and the surface is filled with a setting material 530, such as Hydrostone®, arranged or positioned within the mold. The mold 520 can be removed before the propellant disc assembly 212 is inserted or after the setting material 530 has set or dried. In one or more embodiments, the mold 520 can comprise cardboard. In one or more embodiments, the setting material 530 can secure or hold the propellant 350 in place when the shaped charge jet impacts the propellant 350. The laboratory-gun-simulated shaft 510 provides additional support for the propellant 350 in place for the duration required to achieve deflagration of the propellant 350.For example, after the impact of the propellant 350 (explosion of the shaped charge 240), the laboratory pistol-simulated wave 510 can couple or hold together one or more propellant pieces until a deflagration of the propellant pieces occurs.

[0027] Fig. Figure 6 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining measurements of temporary pressure effects due to blowing agent stimulation in a test environment according to API RP 19B Section 2 or Section 4 according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Before, during, or after the stimulation of a formation, a simulation may be desirable to determine one or more temporary pressure effects due to blowing agent stimulation in order to maximize the effects of the actual stimulation. For example, a simulation may measure the temporary pressure due to the perforation of a sample, such as formation sample 220 from Fig. 2. In one or more embodiments, the temporary pressure can be measured using one or more sensors (for example, sensor 284) installed in the borehole cap (for example, borehole chamber cap 280). In one or more embodiments, temporary pressure can refer to pressure responses associated with a perforation event, for example, pressure before, during, and after a perforation event. The duration of a perforation can be relatively short, and therefore the temporary pressure can vary considerably over a short period. Measurements of the temporary pressure can indicate a pressure increase, a pressure decrease, or both. In some cases, changes in the temporary pressure occur in steps of less than one second.Generally, a significant pressure increase is measured during a perforation operation when a shaped charge detonates due to the explosive gases associated with the detonation. This pressure increase is generally followed by a sharp or significant pressure drop as the perforation tool system fills with borehole fluid. The use of a propellant can cause the pressure to be maintained for a longer period after the detonation of a shaped charge, either to increase the pressure or to maintain it at a specific level, thereby aiding the removal of deposits in the perforated tunnel created in the formation. The use of a propellant in addition to the shaped charge can also extend a fracture or cause further fractures in the formation.Obtaining information from the simulation for use in the borehole or in the actual stimulation environment or site can reduce costs and increase the production of hydrocarbons or any other material.

[0028] In one or more embodiments, a simulated perforation tool system 210 is selected in step 602 for use in a well simulator pressure vessel 200. The simulated perforation tool system 210 can be selected at least partially based on one or more factors, including, but not limited to, the expected or known formation type (for example, formation 110 from Fig. 1) the location of the site (for example, the location of the well system 100), one or more expected or known depths for stimulation, one or more parameters associated with the well (for example, waste rock pressure, pore pressure, wellhead pressure, oil flow, gas flow, type of drilling fluid, type of perforation tool system, type of casing (e.g., thickness, grade, hardness, cement) and any other factors or combinations thereof. The simulated perforation tool system 210 can be adjusted, modified or changed, at least partially, during any part of the simulation or test based on any one or more of these factors.

[0029] In step 604, a formation test (for example, formation test 220 from Fig. 2) selected. In step 606, a shaped charge configuration is selected, for example, a configuration for one or more shaped charges 240 from Fig. 2. For example, in one or more embodiments, a plurality of shaped charges 240 are selected. In one or more embodiments, the configuration of the shaped charges 240 is selected at least partially based on the selected formation sample 220, the type of explosive in the shaped charge 240, or any combination thereof. The formation sample 220 can be based on a known formation type (such as formation 110 in Fig. 1) or an expected formation at a location, for example, at the location of the borehole system 100. In one or more embodiments, a formation may comprise a plurality of layers, and the formation sample 220 may be selected at least partially based on any one or more of these layers.

[0030] In step 608, the type and quantity of propellant (for example, propellant 350 from Fig. 3) can be selected. For example, the type of propellant 350 can be selected to simulate the use of a propellant sleeve. In one or more embodiments, the propellant 350 can be in any form or comprise any quantity or weight suitable for a given simulation to stimulate the perforation of the formation sample 220. In one or more embodiments, the type and quantity of the propellant 350 can be determined at least partially based on a computer simulation in which the quantity of the explosive (for example, the shaped charge 240) is determined. Fig. 2) and the propellant (for example, the propellant 350 from Fig. 3) can be varied to obtain an estimate or prediction of the maximum pressure observed in a simulation according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In one or more embodiments, the computer simulation can be performed (at least initially) without the introduction of a propellant. In one or more embodiments, the initial amount of explosive for the computer simulation can be based, at least in part, on an amount of explosive determined for initial use at the actual location, for example, the location of the well system 100. Data generated from the simulation can be used to construct a test matrix that is used during a simulation using the well simulator pressure vessel 200. An exemplary test matrix is ​​illustrated in Table 1. TABLE 1. Testnummer ExplosiveGramme STIM-Masse (g) 160211-01 25 0 160211-01R 25 0 160211-02 25 0 160211-03 7 5 160211-04 7 15 160211-05 7 25 160211-06 17,5 10 160211-07 17,5 20 160211-08 17,5 30 160211-09 25 20 160211-10 25 25 160211-11 25 30 160211-12 17,5 0 160211-13 17,5 30 160211-14 25 30

[0031] In step 610, the perforation tool system 120, which includes, but is not limited to, a simulated perforation tool system 210 with the selected configuration of one or more shaped charges 240 and the propellant disk assembly 212, is inserted into the simulated borehole chamber assembly 260 of the borehole simulator pressure vessel 200. The simulated borehole chamber assembly 260 can, for example, be pressurized to simulate the borehole pressure at a given depth in the borehole, for example, borehole 108. Fig. 1, to simulate. In step 612, the one or more shaped charges 240 are detonated and the propellant 350 is deflagrated. For example, a signal from an information processing system (for example, the information processing system 290) can be used. Fig. 2) or a control unit (for example, control unit 118 from Fig. 1) be transmitted via the connector 270 to cause detonation of one or more shaped charges 240. The detonation of the one or more shaped charges 240 causes the propellant 350 to deflagrate. While electrical detonation is discussed, the present disclosure considers any other suitable detonation of shaped charges 240 by any combustion mechanism, including, but not limited to, any one or more electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic mechanisms, or by a spark or flame, or by any other ignition.

[0032] In step 614, the pressure is measured or collected; for example, one or more pressure peaks or dips are measured or collected. The pressure can be measured for any one or more configurations of the shaped charges 240, one or more selections of the propellant 350, the type of simulated perforation tool system 210, or any combination thereof. The pressure can be measured using high-speed pressure gauges. The high-speed pressure gauge can include one or more information processing systems, for example, one or more information processing systems 290. Fig. 2 or Fig. 700 out Fig. 7 or one or more sensors (for example, sensor 284 from Fig. 2) which are attached, arranged or positioned in or on the borehole chamber cap 280 or are otherwise attached, arranged or positioned in or around the simulated perforation tool system 210.

[0033] In step 616, information or data associated with the one or more measurements of the one or more pressure peaks are transferred to an information processing system for processing. For example, the one or more measurements themselves, or calculations that are at least partially based on the one or more measurements, can be transferred to the information processing system 290. Fig. 2 or Fig. 700 out Fig. 7 will be transferred.

[0034] In step 618, one or more components of the well simulator pressure vessel 200 can be modified, changed, or altered, at least partially, based on one or more measurements from step 616, a test matrix, or any combination thereof. For example, the one or more components can be modified after one or more tests or simulations. The one or more components can be modified, changed, or altered to influence the magnitude of one or more pressure peaks.In one or more embodiments, the simulated perforation tool system 210, the propellant 350, the shaped charges 240, the configuration of the shaped charges 240, the pressure in the borehole simulator pressure vessel 200, any one or more of these factors, or any combination thereof, can be modified, changed, or altered, and another simulation (for example, starting with steps 602) can be performed. For example, the simulated perforation tool system 210 can be modified, at least partially, based on a measurement that specifies the pressure.In one or more embodiments, modifying the simulated perforation tool system may include changing the amount of explosive in a shaped charge 240 or a propellant 350, the type of a shaped charge 240 or a propellant 350, the quantity of shaped charges 240 or propellants 350, or any combination thereof, such that the modification affects one or more subsequent measurements in a subsequent simulation.

[0035] The present disclosure considers that any one or more steps from Fig. 6 can be performed in any order or not at all. Fig. Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary information processing system 700 according to aspects of the present disclosure. The control unit 118 can take a form similar to the information processing system 700. A processor or central processing unit (CPU) 701 of the information processing system 700 is communicatively connected to a memory control node (MCH) or a northbridge 702. The processor 701 can, for example, include a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor (DSP), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or any other digital or analog circuit configured to interpret and / or execute program instructions and / or process data. The processor 701 can be configured to interpret and / or execute program instructions or other data stored in any memory, such as a memory, memory, or a memory chip.The memory 703 or the hard disk 707 can be retrieved and stored. Program instructions or other data can be parts of software or an application for performing one or more of the procedures described herein. The memory 703 can be read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), semiconductor memory, or disk-based memory. Each memory module can include any system, device, or assembly configured to store program instructions and / or data for a period of time (for example, computer-readable non-volatile media). For example, instructions from software or an application can be retrieved and stored in memory 403 for execution by the processor 701.

[0036] Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to Fig. 7. This may be done without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, it shows Fig. 7. A specific configuration of components of the information processing system 700. However, any suitable configuration of components may be used. For example, components of the information processing system 700 may be implemented as either physical or logical components. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the functionality associated with components of the information processing system 700 may be implemented in special circuits or components. In other embodiments, the functionality associated with components of the information processing system 700 may be implemented in a configurable general-purpose circuit or in configurable general-purpose components. For example, components of the information processing system 700 may be implemented by configured computer program instructions.

[0037] The memory control node 702 can include a memory controller for routing information to or from various system memory components in the information processing system 700, such as RAM 703, memory element 706, and hard disk 707. The memory control node 702 can be coupled to memory 403 and a graphics processing unit (GPU) 704. The memory control node 702 can also be coupled to an I / O control node (ICH) or a southbridge 705. The I / O control node 705 is coupled to memory elements of the information processing system 700, including memory element 706, which can include a flash ROM containing a simple input / output system (BIOS) of the computer system. The I / O control node 705 is also coupled to the hard disk 407 of the information processing system 700.The I / O control node 705 can also be coupled with a super I / O chip 708, which in turn is coupled with several of the computer system's I / O ports, including the keyboard 709 and mouse 710.

[0038] By conducting tests and simulations of a perforation tool system 120 in the controlled environment of the borehole simulator pressure vessel 200, the performance of a perforation tool system 120 can be determined and optimized above ground before use in the borehole, thereby reducing the cost of a particular operation.

[0039] In one or more embodiments, a method for testing a perforation tool system comprises arranging a propellant disk assembly in a perforation tool system, wherein the propellant disk assembly comprises a propellant; arranging the perforation tool system in a simulated borehole of a borehole simulator pressure vessel, wherein the perforation tool system comprises one or more shaped charges; arranging a formation sample adjacent to the perforation tool system in the borehole simulator pressure vessel; pressurizing the simulated borehole; detonating the one or more shaped charges; igniting the propellant; collecting one or more pressure measurements associated with a performance of the perforation tool system; and modifying the perforation tool system at least partially based on at least one of the one or more measurements.In one or more embodiments, the method further comprises selecting a configuration for the one or more shaped charges, at least partially, based on the formation sample. In one or more embodiments, pressurizing the simulated borehole comprises pressurizing the interior of the simulated borehole. In one or more embodiments, detonating the one or more shaped charges comprises transmitting a signal from an information processing system to the one or more shaped charges via a connector. In one or more embodiments, the method further comprises attaching the propellant to a laboratory pistol-simulated shaft of the propellant disc assembly. In one or more embodiments, the method further comprises arranging the one or more shaped charges on or around the propellant disc assembly.In one or more embodiments, the propellant is ignited after a time interval following the detonation of one or more shaped charges.

[0040] In one or more embodiments, a well simulator pressure vessel comprises a well simulator pressure vessel, a simulated well arranged in the well simulator pressure vessel, a formation sample coupled to the simulated well chamber arrangement, and a perforation tool system arranged in the simulated well chamber arrangement, wherein the perforation tool system comprises one or more shaped charges arranged in the perforation tool system, wherein the one or more shaped charges are detonable to cause one or more perforations in the formation sample, and the perforation tool system is modified at least partially based on at least one of the one or more measurements.In one or more embodiments, the well simulator pressure vessel further comprises a simulated well of the simulated well chamber assembly, wherein the pressure of the simulated well is variable. In one or more embodiments, the well simulator pressure vessel further comprises a simulated well of the simulated well chamber assembly, wherein the pressure of the simulated well is variable. In one or more embodiments, the well simulator pressure vessel further comprises a well chamber cap, wherein the well chamber cap seals the simulated well to maintain the pressure in the simulated well. In one or more embodiments, the propellant disc assembly comprises a laboratory gun-simulated shaft. In one or more embodiments, the laboratory gun-simulated shaft comprises a mounting plate that attaches the propellant to the laboratory gun-simulated shaft.In one or more embodiments, the mounting plate comprises one or more brackets that secure the propellant. In one or more embodiments, the borehole simulator pressure vessel further comprises a connector coupled to the one or more shaped charges.

[0041] In one or more embodiments, a system for measuring temporary pressure effects comprises a well simulator pressure vessel coupled to an information processing system, a simulated well located in the well simulator pressure vessel, a formation sample coupled to the simulated well, a perforation tool system located in the simulated well, wherein the perforation tool system comprises one or more shaped charges located in the perforation tool system, the one or more shaped charges being detonable to cause one or more perforations in the formation sample and a propellant disk assembly coupled to the perforation tool system, the propellant disk assembly comprising a propellant, and wherein the information processing system receives one or more measurements of a temporary pressure effect.which is connected to one or more perforations of the formation sample. In one or more embodiments, the simulated borehole can be pressurized. In one or more embodiments, the system for measuring temporary pressure further comprises a borehole chamber cap, wherein the borehole chamber cap seals the simulated borehole to maintain the pressure in the simulated borehole. In one or more embodiments, the propellant disc assembly comprises a laboratory gun-simulated shaft. In one or more embodiments, the laboratory gun-simulated shaft comprises a mounting plate that attaches the propellant to the laboratory gun-simulated shaft. In one or more embodiments, the laboratory gun-simulated shaft comprises a mounting plate that attaches the propellant to the laboratory gun-simulated shaft.

[0042] Accordingly, the present disclosure is well suited to achieving the stated objectives and advantages. The embodiments disclosed above are merely illustrative, since the present disclosure can be modified and implemented in different but equivalent ways, as is obvious to a person skilled in the art based on the usefulness of the teachings presented here. Furthermore, no restrictions other than those described in the subsequent claims are provided with regard to the details of the construction or design shown here. It is thus clear that the illustrative embodiments disclosed above can be modified or adapted, and that all such variations are considered to fall within the scope and nature of the present disclosure.Furthermore, the expressions in the claims have their simple, ordinary meaning unless expressly and clearly defined otherwise by the patent proprietor. The indefinite articles "a", "an", "a", "aes", "a" in the claims are defined as designating one or more than one of the elements to which they precede.

Claims

A method for testing a perforation tool system, comprising: arranging a propellant disk assembly in a perforation tool system, the propellant disk assembly comprising a propellant; arranging the perforation tool system in a simulated borehole of a borehole simulator pressure vessel, the perforation tool system comprising one or more shaped charges; arranging a formation sample adjacent to the perforation tool system in the borehole simulator pressure vessel; pressurizing the simulated borehole; detonating the one or more shaped charges; igniting the propellant; collecting one or more pressure measurements associated with a performance of the perforation tool system; and modifying the perforation tool system at least partially based on at least one of the one or more measurements. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting a configuration for the one or more shaped charges at least partially based on the formation sample. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein at least one of negative pressure on the simulated borehole comprises negative pressure on the interior of the simulated borehole, detonation of the one or more shaped charges comprises transmitting a signal from an information processing system via a connector to the one or more shaped charges, and detonation of the propellant after a time interval since the detonation of the one or more shaped charges. Method according to one of claims 1-3, further comprising attaching the propellant to a laboratory pistol-simulated corrugation of the propellant disc arrangement. Method according to one of claims 1-4, further comprising arranging the one or more shaped charges on or around the propellant disk arrangement. A well simulator pressure vessel comprising: a well simulator pressure vessel; a simulated well located in the well simulator pressure vessel; a formation sample coupled to the simulated well chamber assembly; and a perforation tool system located in the simulated well chamber assembly, wherein the perforation tool system comprises: a perforation tool system; one or more shaped charges located in the perforation tool system, wherein the one or more shaped charges are detonable to cause one or more perforations in the formation sample; and a propellant disk assembly coupled to the perforation tool system and located adjacent to the formation sample, wherein the propellant disk assembly comprises a propellant. borehole simulator pressure vessel according to claim 6, further comprising a simulated borehole of the simulated borehole chamber arrangement, wherein a pressure of the simulated borehole is variable. A borehole simulator pressure vessel according to claim 7, further comprising a borehole chamber cap, wherein the borehole chamber cap seals the simulated borehole to maintain the pressure in the simulated borehole. borehole simulator pressure vessel according to one of claims 6-8, wherein at least one of the propellant disc arrangement comprises a laboratory pistol-simulated corrugation, the laboratory pistol-simulated corrugation comprises a mounting plate that attaches the propellant to the laboratory pistol-simulated corrugation, and the mounting plate comprises one or more holders that secure the propellant. Borehole simulator pressure vessel according to one of claims 6-9, further comprising a connector coupled to one or more shaped charges.

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