Optical device for increasing the resolution of an image or for reducing speckle noise

Abstract

Optical device (1) comprising: - an optical element (21) configured to interact with a light beam (L) when the light beam hits the optical element (21), - a supporting structure (3) configured to support the optical element (21), - at least one elastic element (600, 90) connected to the supporting structure (3) and the optical element (21) such that the optical element (21) is movable with respect to the supporting structure (3), - an actuator (5) configured to move the optical element (21) by means of a Lorentz force, wherein the actuator (5) comprises a first coil (60) and a second coil (61), each coil comprising several turns, the turns of the respective coil (60, 61) extending around a winding axis (W) of the respective coil (60, 61), the coils (60, 61) being integrated into the supporting structure (3), and wherein the actuator (5) comprises a first magnet (70) facing the first coil (60) and a second magnet (71) facing the second coil (61), the first and second magnets (70, 71) being connected to the optical element (21), and wherein the magnets (70, 71) each have a magnetization (M1, M2) perpendicular to the winding axes (W) of the coils (60, 61) extending plane at an angle (α) between 80° and 100°, wherein the supporting structure is a supporting frame (3),which is configured to support the optical element (21), wherein the support structure (3) surrounds an opening (31) of the support structure (3) extending from a front (3a) of the support structure (3) to a rear (3b) of the support structure (3) so that light can pass through the support structure (3), wherein the at least one elastic element is a first spring structure (600) connected to the front (3a) of the support frame (3), wherein the first spring structure (600) comprises a first frame (607) to which the optical element (21) is connected, wherein the first frame is tiltable about a first axis (A) with respect to the support frame (3), and wherein the actuator is configured to tilt the optical element about the first axis (A), wherein the support frame (3) comprises a first arm (350) opposite a second arm (351) of the support frame (3), and wherein the first arm (350) and the second arm (351) by a third and a fourth arm (352,353) of the support frame (3), and wherein the optical element is a transparent plate (21) for refracting a light ray (L) when the light ray passes through the plate (21).

Description

specification

[0001] The present invention relates to optical devices, in particular for improving the resolution of an image or for reducing speckle noise.

[0002] Such an optical device for improving image resolution typically comprises a transparent plate (e.g., a glass window) configured to refract a beam of light passing through the plate, allowing that beam to project an image consisting of rows and columns of pixels. The plate is configured to tilt between a first and a second position (e.g., about a first axis), so that the plate is tilted back and forth between the first and second positions, thereby shifting the beam of light (e.g., shifting the projected image by a fraction of a pixel (typically half a pixel) along a first direction). The device further comprises an actuator configured to tilt the plate between the first and second positions. Optical devices of this type are disclosed, for example, in US 7,279,812 and US 5,402,184.

[0003] The aforementioned enhancement of an image through pixel superposition is also known as super-resolution projection or imaging. Here, for example, a temporal sequence of images is split into two sub-images, with successive sub-images shifted relative to each other by a fraction of a pixel (e.g., half or a third). The sub-images are projected so quickly that they appear to the human eye as if they are being projected and superimposed simultaneously. For example, if the sub-images are aligned so that the corners of the pixels in one sub-image are projected onto the centers of the next sub-image, and so on, the illusion of twice the resolution can be achieved. This type of pixel shifting can occur in one dimension (e.g., shifting in the x-direction) or in two dimensions (2D), e.g., shifting in both the x- and y-directions of the image.Shifting along the rows and columns of the digital image or shifting the pixel diagonally).

[0004] Furthermore, optical devices configured to reduce speckle noise generated by a laser typically include at least one optical element that acts as a diffuser, i.e., scatters light, and extends along a plane of extension, as well as an actuator designed to oscillate the first optical element along the plane of extension, e.g., in a first and / or second direction of movement along this plane. Alternatively, the diffuser / optical element can also be tilted about an axis that may extend in a plane along which the diffuser extends.

[0005] An optical device of this type is often used with laser light to suppress speckle noise, which is an interference pattern that arises due to the high coherence of the laser light on the screen (objective speckles) or the retina of the human eye (subjective speckles).

[0006] Such a reduction can be achieved by passing the light or laser beam through or reflecting it off a moving / oscillating diffuser. At a sufficiently high frequency, the human brain integrates the perceived light over time, thereby significantly reducing the perceived speckle noise. Such an optical device is disclosed, for example, in US2011 / 0043768, which describes a magnet coil-based movable diffuser with complex springs, and in WO2010078662, which relates to a movable diffuser based on actuation by means of electroactive polymers.

[0007] Based on the foregoing, the problem underlying the present invention is to provide an improved optical device, in particular for increasing the resolution of an image or for reducing speckle noise.

[0008] This problem is solved by an optical device having the features of claim 1. Further aspects of the present invention are also described below. Preferred embodiments of the aspects of the present invention are specified in the corresponding dependent claims and are described below.

[0009] According to claim 1, an optical device, in particular for increasing the resolution of an image, is disclosed, comprising: - an optical element configured to interact with a light beam when the light beam strikes the optical element, - a supporting structure configured to support the optical element, - at least one elastic element connected to the support structure and the optical element such that the optical element is movable with respect to the support structure; an actuator configured to move the optical element by means of a Lorentz force, the actuator comprising a first coil and a second coil, each coil comprising several turns, the turns of each coil extending about a winding axis of the respective coil, the coils being integrated into the support structure; and the actuator comprising a first magnet facing the first coil and a second magnet facing the second coil, the first and second magnets being connected to the optical element, and the magnets each having a magnetization oriented at an angle between 80° and 100° with respect to a plane extending perpendicular to the winding axes of the coils.wherein the support structure is a support frame configured to support the optical element, wherein the support structure surrounds an opening in the support structure extending from a front of the support structure to a rear of the support structure, allowing light to pass through the support structure, wherein the at least one elastic element is a first spring structure connected to the front of the support frame, wherein the first spring structure comprises a first frame to which the optical element is connected, wherein the first frame is tiltable about a first axis with respect to the support frame, and wherein the actuator is configured to tilt the optical element about the first axis, wherein the support frame comprises a first arm opposite a second arm of the support frame, and wherein the first arm and the second arm are connected by a third and a fourth arm of the support frame.and wherein the optical element is a transparent plate for refracting a light ray when the light ray passes through the plate.

[0010] According to one embodiment, the supporting structure comprises a front side and a back side facing away from the front side.

[0011] Furthermore, the support structure is a support frame configured to support the optical element, with the support structure surrounding an opening in the support structure extending from the front of the support structure to the back of the support structure so that light can pass through the support structure (particularly if the optical element is a mirror, the support structure does not need to have such an opening).

[0012] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the at least one elastic element is a first spring structure connected to the front of the support structure (or support frame), wherein the first spring structure comprises a first frame to which the optical element is connected, wherein the first frame is tiltable about a first axis with respect to the support frame, and wherein the actuator is configured to tilt the optical element about the first axis.

[0013] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the support structure (e.g., support frame) is formed by a printed circuit board (PCB), wherein, in particular, the first coil and the second coil (and especially also the third and the fourth coil, if present) are embedded in the PCB. In other words, the coils are preferably designed as PCB coils, each coil comprising a conductor forming turns that are integrated into the PCB (or the substrate) of the device / support structure. In particular, the coils of all aspects and embodiments of the present invention described herein can be integrated into a substrate (e.g., a printed circuit board).

[0014] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the support structure (in particular the support frame) comprises a first arm opposite a second arm of the support frame, wherein in particular the first and the second arm of the support frame are parallel and wherein the first and the second arm of the support frame are connected by a third and a fourth arm of the support frame, wherein in particular the third arm is opposite the fourth arm and wherein in particular the third arm and the fourth arm of the support frame are parallel.

[0015] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the first spring structure comprises a first retaining element which is connected to the first frame via a first torsion bar, and wherein the first spring structure comprises a second retaining element which is connected to the first frame via a second torsion bar, wherein the first retaining element is connected to the third arm of the support frame on the front of the support frame and wherein the second retaining element is connected to the fourth arm of the support frame on the front of the support frame.

[0016] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the first torsion bar and the second torsion bar are aligned along the first axis.

[0017] In particular, the first axis extends at an angle of 45° to each arm of the device's support frame.

[0018] Furthermore, in particular, the first retaining element is separated from the first frame by two slots which have a width that increases towards the first torsion bar, and / or wherein the second retaining element is separated from the first frame by two slots which have a width that increases towards the second torsion bar.

[0019] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the first coil is an L-shaped first coil comprising a first section integrated into the first arm of the support frame and a second section perpendicular to the first section of the first coil, wherein the second section of the first coil is integrated into the fourth arm of the support frame, and wherein the second coil is an L-shaped second coil comprising a first section integrated into the second arm of the support frame and a second section perpendicular to the first section of the second coil, wherein the second section of the second coil is integrated into the third arm of the support frame.

[0020] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the optical device comprises a third magnet facing the second coil and a fourth magnet facing the first coil, wherein the third and fourth magnets are connected to the first frame, and wherein the first magnet faces the first section of the first coil, and wherein the second magnet faces the first section of the second coil, and wherein the third magnet faces the second section of the second coil, and wherein the fourth magnet faces the second section of the first coil, wherein in particular the third and fourth magnets each have a magnetization oriented with respect to the plane at an angle between 80° and 100°.

[0021] In particular, the magnetizations of the first and second magnets point in the same direction. Furthermore, the magnetizations of the third and fourth magnets also point in the same direction.

[0022] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the first magnet is oriented towards the first section of the first coil, so that a magnetic field generated by the first magnet has a component at the location of the first section of the first coil parallel to the support frame and perpendicular to a current flowing through the first section of the first coil, so that a Lorentz force is generated when an electric current is applied to the first coil, which pushes the first magnet away from the first section of the first coil or attracts the first magnet towards the first section of the first coil, depending on the direction of the electric current in the first section of the first coil.

[0023] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the fourth magnet faces the second section of the first coil, such that a magnetic field generated by the fourth magnet at the location of the second section of the first coil has a component parallel to the support frame and perpendicular to a current flowing through the second section of the first coil, so that a Lorentz force is generated when an electric current is applied to the first coil, which pushes the fourth magnet away from the second section of the first coil or pulls the fourth magnet towards the second section of the first coil, depending on the direction of the electric current in the second section of the first coil.

[0024] Furthermore, in one embodiment the second magnet is oriented towards the first section of the second coil in such a way that a magnetic field generated by the second magnet has a component at the location of the first section of the second coil parallel to the support frame and perpendicular to a current flowing through the first section of the second coil, so that a Lorentz force is generated when an electric current is applied to the second coil, which pushes the second magnet away from the first section of the second coil or pulls the second magnet towards the first section of the second coil, depending on the direction of the electric current in the first section of the second coil.

[0025] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the third magnet faces the second section of the second coil, so that a magnetic field generated by the third magnet has a component parallel to the support frame and perpendicular to a current flowing through the second section of the second coil at the location of the second section of the second coil, so that a Lorentz force is generated when an electric current is applied to the second coil, which pushes the third magnet away from the second section of the second coil or pulls the third magnet towards the second section of the second coil, depending on the direction of the electric current in the second section of the second coil.

[0026] Furthermore, according to an alternative embodiment, instead of L-shaped coils, the first coil is an outer coil and the second coil is an inner coil, wherein the outer coil surrounds the inner coil, particularly with respect to a common extension plane of the inner and outer coils (e.g., the inner and outer coils may have parallel winding axes), and wherein the outer coil comprises a first section and an opposite second section, and wherein the inner coil comprises a first section and an opposite second section, wherein the first section of the outer coil extends adjacent to the first section of the inner coil and wherein the second section of the outer coil extends adjacent to the second section of the inner coil.

[0027] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the outer coil comprises a third section connecting the first section of the outer coil to the second section of the outer coil, and wherein the inner coil comprises a third section extending adjacent to the third section of the outer coil, the third section of the inner coil connecting the first section of the inner coil to the second section of the inner coil, and wherein the outer coil comprises a fourth section connecting the first section of the outer coil to the second section of the outer coil, and wherein the inner coil comprises a fourth section extending adjacent to the fourth section of the outer coil, the fourth section of the inner coil connecting the first section of the inner coil to the second section of the inner coil.

[0028] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the first sections of the outer and inner coil are integrated into the first arm of the support structure, the second sections of the outer and inner coil are integrated into the second arm of the support structure, the third sections of the outer and inner coil are integrated into the third arm of the support structure, and the fourth sections of the outer and inner coil are integrated into the fourth arm of the support structure.

[0029] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the optical device comprises a third magnet connected to the first frame and a fourth magnet connected to the first frame, wherein the first magnet faces the first sections of the outer coil and the inner coil in a direction perpendicular to a front face of the support structure (e.g., support frame), and wherein the second magnet faces the second sections of the outer and the inner coil in a direction perpendicular to a front face of the support structure (e.g., support frame), and wherein the third magnet faces the third sections of the outer coil and the inner coil in a direction perpendicular to the front face of the support structure (e.g., support frame), and wherein the fourth magnet faces the fourth sections of the outer and the inner coil in a direction perpendicular to the front face of the support structure (e.g., support frame).Furthermore, in particular, the third and fourth magnets each have a magnetization oriented at an angle between 80° and 100° to the plane. In one embodiment, the first magnet further comprises a first magnetization, the second magnet comprises a second magnetization, the third magnet comprises a third magnetization, and the fourth magnet comprises a fourth magnetization, each magnetization extending orthogonally to the first plate, and the first and fourth magnetizations pointing in the same direction, while the second and third magnetizations pointing in opposite directions.

[0030] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the first magnet faces the first sections of the outer and inner coils, and the fourth magnet faces the fourth sections of the outer and inner coils, such that a magnetic field generated by the first magnet has a component parallel to the support frame and perpendicular to a current flowing through the first section of the outer coil and an opposing current flowing through the first section of the inner coil, and such that a magnetic field generated by the fourth magnet has a component parallel to the support frame and perpendicular to a current flowing through the fourth section of the outer coil and an opposing current flowing through the fourth section of the inner coil, thus generating a resultant Lorentz force.which pushes the first magnet away from the first sections of the outer and inner coils and the fourth magnet away from the fourth sections of the outer and inner coils, or which attracts the first magnet to the first sections of the outer and inner coils and the fourth magnet to the fourth sections of the outer and inner coils; and / or that the third magnet faces the third sections of the outer and inner coils and the second magnet faces the second sections of the outer and inner coils, such that a magnetic field generated by the third magnet has a component parallel to the support frame and perpendicular to a current flowing through the third section of the outer coil and an opposing current flowing through the third section of the inner coil.and such that a magnetic field generated by the second magnet has a component parallel to the support frame and perpendicular to a current flowing through the second section of the outer coil and an opposing current flowing through the second section of the inner coil, generating a resultant Lorentz force which pushes the third magnet away from the third sections of the outer and inner coils and the second magnet away from the second sections of the outer and inner coils, or attracts the third magnet to the third sections of the outer and inner coils and the second magnet to the second sections of the outer and inner coils.

[0031] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the optical device comprises a transparent second plate for refracting the light beam when the light beam passes through the second plate, wherein the first plate is opposite the second plate and wherein the support frame is configured to support the second plate.

[0032] In particular, the two plates can each be replaced by a diffuser, with the first and second diffusers being tilted in such a way as to reduce laser speckles, i.e., due to the different angles of the diffusers, overlapping speckle patterns are created, which help to reduce the overall laser speckle contrast.

[0033] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the optical device comprises a second spring structure connected to the rear of the support frame, wherein the second spring structure comprises a second frame to which the second plate is connected, wherein the second frame is tiltable about a second axis with respect to the support frame, and wherein the actuator is configured to tilt the second plate about the second axis by means of a Lorentz force.

[0034] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the actuator comprises a third and a fourth coil, each of which includes several turns extending around a winding axis of the respective (third or fourth) coil that extends perpendicular to the plane, wherein the third and fourth coils are integrated into the support structure (e.g., the support frame), and wherein the actuator includes a third magnet facing the third coil and a fourth magnet facing the fourth coil, and wherein the third and fourth magnets are connected to the second frame. In particular, the third and fourth magnets each have a magnetization oriented at an angle between 80° and 100° with respect to the plane.

[0035] Furthermore, in one embodiment the third coil is integrated into the third arm, and the fourth coil is integrated into the fourth arm of the support frame (e.g. printed circuit board).

[0036] In a further embodiment, the second spring structure comprises a third retaining element which is connected to the second frame via a third torsion bar, and wherein the second spring structure comprises a fourth retaining element which is connected to the second frame via a fourth torsion bar, wherein the third retaining element is connected to the first arm of the support frame on the rear of the support frame and wherein the fourth retaining element is connected to the second arm of the support frame on the rear of the support frame.

[0037] Furthermore, the third torsion bar and the fourth torsion bar are specifically aligned along the second axis.

[0038] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the respective magnet is oriented towards its associated coil in such a way that a magnetic field generated by the respective magnet has a component at the location of the respective coil parallel to the support frame and perpendicular to a current flowing through the respective coil, so that a Lorentz force is generated when an electric current is applied to the respective coil, which pushes the respective magnet away from the respective coil or attracts the respective magnet towards the respective coil, depending on the direction of the electric current in the respective coil.

[0039] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the magnetization of the first and second magnets points in the same direction. In particular, the magnetization of the third and fourth magnets also points in the same direction.

[0040] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the optical element is one of the following: a transparent first plate (see also above) for refracting a light ray when the light ray passes through the first plate, a diffuser, a mirror, a prism.

[0041] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the optical device includes a static diffuser facing the optical element (especially if the optical element is a movable or tiltable diffuser).

[0042] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the at least one elastic element is one of the following components or comprises one or more of the following components: an elastically deformable membrane (in particular the membrane comprising a polymer or being formed from a polymer), an elastically deformable cord (90); an elastically deformable, in particular flexible, pillar.

[0043] Furthermore, according to another aspect of the present invention, an optical device, in particular for improving the resolution of an image (or for reducing speckle patterns), is disclosed, wherein the optical device comprises: - an optical element configured to interact with a light beam incident on the optical element, - a supporting frame (or support structure) configured to support the optical element, - a (preferably monolithic) spring structure connected to the support frame, wherein the spring structure comprises a frame to which the optical element is connected, wherein the frame is movable with respect to the support frame, and wherein the spring structure comprises a first retaining element connected to the frame via a first spring element, and - an actuator configured to move the frame by means of a Lorentz force relative to the supporting frame.

[0044] Preferably, in one embodiment, the spring structure comprises a second retaining element connected to the frame via a second spring element, and wherein the spring structure comprises a third retaining element connected to the frame via a third spring element, and wherein the spring structure comprises a fourth retaining element connected to the frame via a fourth spring element, and wherein each spring element has a curved or angled shape or section. In particular, the curved shape or section includes at least one inflection point.

[0045] Particularly due to the elastic, preferably monolithic, suspension, the frame of the spring structure does not include any explicit pivot joints. Specifically, the optical device enables the movement / tilting of an optical element in the form of a window, mirror, transparent plate, lens, or prism in two degrees of freedom. The optical device, due to its specific design, is cost-effective, can be configured as a flat device with a low height in the direction of the beam path, and can have a large aperture relative to the base area of ​​the device. Furthermore, the energy requirement of the actuator is low, and linear actuation is possible; that is, the electrical current consumed by the actuator is proportional to the force generated by the actuator to move / tilt the optical element.Furthermore, in contrast to a reluctance actuator, the force exhibits very little dependence on the position of the actuator.

[0046] Furthermore, the actuation can be controlled in a simple way (e.g. in an open control loop, in particular without the need for calibration).

[0047] In particular, the curvature of the respective spring element changes its sign at the respective inflection point; that is, at the respective inflection point, a left-curved section of the respective spring element transitions into a right-curved section of the spring element. Specifically, the fact that the respective spring element has at least one inflection point can mean that the respective spring element has an S-shape or a meandering shape.

[0048] In particular, according to one embodiment, the support frame is formed by or comprises a printed circuit board (PCB).

[0049] In particular, in one embodiment, the support frame surrounds an opening in the support frame that extends from a front of the support frame to a rear of the support frame, so that light can pass through the support frame.

[0050] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the support frame comprises a first arm opposite a second arm of the support frame, wherein the first and second arms are connected by a third and a fourth arm of the support frame to form the support frame.

[0051] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the first and third arms are connected to a first corner section of the support frame, and wherein the third and second arms are connected to a second corner section of the support frame, and wherein the second and fourth arms are connected to a third corner section of the support frame, and wherein the fourth and first arms are connected to a fourth corner section of the support frame.

[0052] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the first retaining element is connected to the first corner region of the support frame (e.g., at the front of the support frame), and the second retaining element is connected to the second corner region of the support frame (e.g., at the front of the support frame), and the third retaining element is connected to the third corner region of the support frame (e.g., at the front of the support frame), and the fourth retaining element is connected to the fourth corner region of the support frame (e.g., at the front of the support frame).

[0053] In particular, each corner section forms a projection to which the respective retaining element is connected.

[0054] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the actuator comprises a first coil, a second coil, a third coil and a fourth coil, wherein the coils are integrated into the support frame, and wherein the actuator comprises a first magnet facing the first coil, a second magnet facing the second coil, a third magnet facing the third coil and a fourth magnet facing the fourth coil, wherein the magnets are connected to the frame.

[0055] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the first coil is integrated into the first arm of the support frame, and the second coil is integrated into the second arm of the support frame, and the third coil is integrated into the third arm of the support frame, and the fourth coil is integrated into the fourth arm of the support frame (e.g., printed circuit board).

[0056] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the first magnet comprises a first magnetization, and wherein the second magnet comprises a second magnetization, and wherein the third magnet comprises a third magnetization, and wherein the fourth magnet comprises a fourth magnetization, and wherein the respective magnetization extends orthogonally to the frame, and wherein in particular the first and the second magnetizations point in opposite directions, and wherein in particular the third and the fourth magnetizations point in opposite directions.

[0057] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the respective magnet is oriented towards the respective coil in such a way that a magnetic field generated by the respective magnet has a component at the location of the respective coil parallel to the support frame and perpendicular to a current flowing through the respective coil, so that a Lorentz force is generated when an electric current is applied to the respective coil, which pushes the respective magnet away from the respective coil or attracts the respective magnet towards the respective coil, depending on the direction of the electric current in the respective coil.

[0058] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the actuator is configured to apply electrical currents to the opposing first and second coils, such that the first magnet and the first coil attract each other and the second magnet and the second coil repel each other, so that the frame and thus the optical element is tilted about a first axis, or wherein the actuator is configured to apply electrical currents to the opposing first and second coils, such that the first magnet and the first coil repel each other and the second magnet and the second coil attract each other, so that the frame and thus the optical element is tilted about the first axis in the opposite direction.

[0059] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the actuator is configured to apply electric currents to the opposing third and fourth coils, such that the third magnet and the third coil attract each other and the fourth magnet and the fourth coil repel each other, so that the frame and thus the optical element are tilted about a second axis, or wherein the actuator is configured to apply electric currents to the opposing third and fourth coils, such that the third magnet and the third coil repel each other and the fourth magnet and the fourth coil attract each other, so that the frame and thus the optical element are tilted about the second axis in the opposite direction.

[0060] Furthermore, the currents in the coils can be configured to tilt the optical element around any axis that can be formed by a linear combination of the tilt around the first axis and the tilt around the second axis. In particular, this axis can run diagonally.

[0061] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the optical element is one of the following: a transparent plate, in particular a transparent flat plate, a mirror, a lens, a prism, a diffuser.

[0062] In particular, if the optical element is a transparent plate, it is configured to interact with an incident light beam in such a way that the light beam is refracted through the optical element. Here, the optical device can be used to increase the resolution of an image as described above.

[0063] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the optical device includes a static diffuser facing the optical element.

[0064] In particular, the optical device in all embodiments / aspects of the present invention described herein can comprise an energy source for generating the respective electric current that is applied to the respective coil of the actuator, and a control unit for controlling the respective electric current and thus the movement of the movable structure along the first direction of movement and / or along the second direction of movement, wherein in particular the respective electric current is a current pulse or comprises current pulses.

[0065] Furthermore, in this context the optical device can also include at least one sensor, in particular a Hall sensor, for measuring an actual position of the optical element, wherein the control unit is configured to control the respective current so that the measured actual position reaches a predefined reference position.

[0066] According to another aspect of the present invention, an optical device, in particular for reducing speckle noise, is disclosed, comprising: - a movable diffuser for scattering a beam of light passing through the diffuser, - a supporting structure to support the diffuser, wherein the movable diffuser is supported on the support structure by at least one elastically deformable element, which in particular comprises (or is formed from) a polymer or a metal, such that the diffuser is movable along a first direction of movement extending along the support structure and / or along a second direction of movement extending along the support structure. In particular, the polymer can be one of the following: an elastomer, a silicone, or a rubber. This also applies to the polymers used in the embodiments described below.

[0067] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the at least one elastically deformable element is an elastically deformable membrane, which in particular comprises a polymer or is formed from a polymer.

[0068] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the membrane includes a circumferential edge region that is connected to the supporting structure.

[0069] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the diffuser is connected to a front side of the membrane, in particular via a spacer or a retaining element that connects the movable diffuser to the membrane, with the front side of the membrane facing away from the support structure.

[0070] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the diffuser is arranged on the back side of the membrane, with the back side of the membrane facing the supporting structure.

[0071] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the diffuser is supported on the support structure by at least two elastically deformable elements, each elastically deformable element comprising (or being formed from) a polymer or a metal, so that the diffuser is movable along the first direction of movement and / or along the second direction of movement.

[0072] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the diffuser is held on the supporting structure by three or four elastically deformable elements, each elastically deformable element comprising (or being formed from) a polymer or a metal, such that the diffuser is movable along the first direction of movement and / or along the second direction of movement. In particular, the elastically deformable elements are configured such that the diffuser can be moved parallel to the supporting structure.

[0073] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the respective elastically deformable element is an elastically deformable thread comprising or formed from a polymer, wherein in particular the two threads run parallel to each other along the support structure and are preferably formed in one piece with two opposing fastening sections, via which the two threads are attached to the support structure, in particular to a substrate (e.g. a printed circuit board), into which a coil arrangement (e.g. a first and / or second coil arrangement) can be integrated.

[0074] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the diffuser is connected to the back of the respective thread, with the back facing the support structure.

[0075] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, each thread comprises a first end section and an opposing second end section, wherein the end sections are connected to the support structure.

[0076] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the respective elastically deformable element is an elastically deformable, in particular bendable, pillar that projects from the supporting structure. In particular, the pillars are bendable in such a way that the diffuser can be moved parallel to the supporting structure.

[0077] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, each polymer pillar is connected to a corner region of the diffuser or to a retaining element, wherein the diffuser is connected to the retaining element.

[0078] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the support structure defines at least one recess or defines at least one through-opening that extends from a front of the support structure to a rear of the support structure, wherein in particular the membrane extends over the through-opening.

[0079] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the diffuser or the at least one retaining element is arranged in front of the at least one recess or through-opening (e.g. on the front of the support structure), in particular such that light can pass through the diffuser and through the support structure via the opening.

[0080] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the diffuser forms a cantilever (and, in particular, projects beyond the support structure in a first direction and / or in an opposite second direction). The diffuser is also connected to the front of the membrane, in particular via a spacer.

[0081] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the optical device comprises a static diffuser opposite the movable diffuser. In particular, the static diffuser can have at least one of the following features: arranged in the at least one through-opening, arranged in front of the at least one through-opening, connected to a rear side of the support structure, designed as a cantilever (whereby, in particular, the static diffuser projects beyond the support structure in the first direction and / or beyond the support structure in the opposite second direction).

[0082] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the optical device comprises an actuator for moving the diffuser along the first direction of movement and / or along the second direction of movement, wherein the actuator comprises at least one first coil arrangement connected to the support structure and at least one first magnet connected to the at least one elastically deformable element (in particular a membrane) and / or to the movable diffuser, such that the at least one first magnet faces the at least one first coil arrangement.

[0083] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the first coil arrangement comprises a first layer comprising a first and a second coil arranged side by side, such that a section of the first coil extends along an adjacent section of the second coil, wherein in particular the first and the second coil are configured such that an electric current flowing through the first and through the second coil flows in the same direction in the adjacent sections, and wherein the first coil arrangement comprises a second layer, wherein the first and the second layer are arranged one above the other, and wherein the second layer comprises a third and a fourth coil arranged side by side, such that a section of the third coil extends along an adjacent section of the fourth coil, wherein in particular the third and the fourth coil are configured such that an electric current,the current flows through the third and fourth coils, in the section of the third coil and in the adjacent section of the fourth coil in the same direction, and wherein in a crossing region of the first coil arrangement the section of the first coil and the section of the second coil each cross the section of the third coil and the section of the fourth coil, wherein in particular the at least one first magnet faces the crossing region.

[0084] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the actuator comprises a second coil arrangement opposite the first coil arrangement, wherein the second coil arrangement is connected to the supporting structure and wherein the actuator comprises a second magnet which is connected to the at least one elastically deformable element (in particular membrane) and / or to the movable diffuser, such that the second magnet faces the second coil arrangement.

[0085] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the second coil arrangement comprises a first layer comprising a first and a second coil arranged side by side, such that a section of the first coil of the second coil arrangement extends along an adjacent section of the second coil of the second coil arrangement, wherein, in particular, the first and the second coil of the second coil arrangement are configured such that an electric current flowing through the first and through the second coil of the second coil arrangement flows through the adjacent sections of the second coil arrangement in the same direction, and wherein the second coil arrangement comprises a second layer, wherein the first and the second layer of the second coil arrangement are arranged one above the other, and wherein the second layer of the second coil arrangement comprises a third and a fourth coil arranged side by side.such that a section of the third coil of the second coil arrangement extends along an adjacent section of the fourth coil of the second coil arrangement, wherein in particular the third and the fourth coils of the second coil arrangement are configured such that an electric current flowing through the third and the fourth coils of the second coil arrangement flows through the section of the third coil of the second coil arrangement and through the adjacent section of the fourth coil of the second coil arrangement in the same direction, and wherein in a crossing region of the second coil arrangement the section of the first coil of the second coil arrangement and the section of the second coil of the second coil arrangement each cross the section of the third coil of the second coil arrangement and the section of the fourth coil of the second coil arrangement.

[0086] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the first magnet comprises a first magnetization pointing towards or away from the intersection area of ​​the first coil arrangement, and / or the second magnet comprises a second magnetization pointing towards or away from the intersection area of ​​the second coil arrangement.

[0087] In particular, the first magnetization is orthogonal to a front face of the first magnet, wherein the front face is directed towards the intersection area of ​​the first coil arrangement. Furthermore, in particular, the second magnetization is orthogonal to a front face of the second magnet, wherein the front face of the second magnet is directed towards the intersection area of ​​the second coil arrangement. In particular, the respective front face is rectangular, more specifically square.

[0088] In particular, the first magnetization is preferably orthogonal to an electric current flowing through one of the sections in the intersection region of the first coil arrangement (especially if the diffuser extends parallel to the coils of the first coil arrangement). Furthermore, the second magnetization is preferably orthogonal to a current flowing through one of the sections in the intersection region of the second coil arrangement (especially if the diffuser extends parallel to the coils of the second coil arrangement).

[0089] Furthermore, the adjacent sections of the first and second coils of the first layer of the respective coil arrangement extend along the second direction of movement.

[0090] Furthermore, the adjacent sections of the third and fourth coils of the second layer of the respective coil arrangement extend along the first direction of movement.

[0091] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the optical device is configured to apply an electric current to the first and second coils of the first layer of the at least one first coil arrangement, such that the electric current flows in the same direction in the adjacent sections of the first layer of the at least one first coil arrangement, and wherein, in particular (optionally), the optical device is configured to also apply an electric current to the first and second coils of the first layer of the second coil arrangement, such that the electric current flows in the same direction in the adjacent sections of the first layer of the second coil arrangement, generating a Lorentz force that moves the diffuser along the first direction of motion.particularly depending on the direction of the current in the adjacent sections of the first layer of the first coil arrangement and optionally in the adjacent sections of the first layer of the second coil arrangement.

[0092] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the optical device is configured to apply an electric current to the third and fourth coils of the second layer of the first coil arrangement, such that the electric current flows in the same direction in the adjacent sections of the second layer of the first coil arrangement, wherein in particular (optionally) the optical device is configured to also apply an electric current to the third and fourth coils of the second layer of the second coil arrangement, such that the electric current flows in the same direction in the adjacent sections of the second layer of the second coil arrangement, generating a Lorentz force that moves the diffuser along the second direction of motion.particularly depending on the direction of current flow in the adjacent sections of the second layer of the first coil arrangement and optionally in the adjacent sections of the second layer of the second coil arrangement.

[0093] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the supporting structure comprises a substrate or is designed as such, in particular in the form of a printed circuit board (PCB), wherein the at least one first coil arrangement and / or the second coil arrangement is / are integrated into the substrate (e.g. PCB).

[0094] Optionally, a soft magnetic plate can be arranged on the back of the support structure or substrate, so that the support structure or substrate is positioned between the soft magnetic plate and the first and / or second magnet.

[0095] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the support structure defines at least one first through-opening extending from a front of the support structure to a rear of the support structure, and a first recess (the first recess may form a second through-opening), wherein the diffuser is arranged in front of the first (e.g., middle) through-opening, and wherein the movable diffuser is supported on the support structure by the at least one elastically deformable element designed as a membrane (or as an elastically deformable pin) connected to the support structure so that it extends into or over the first recess (e.g.,second through-opening (see above) extends, and wherein in particular the optical device comprises the at least one first magnet which is connected to the at least one elastically deformable element (and is arranged in front of or in the second through-opening), and wherein in particular the optical device comprises at least one retaining element, wherein in particular the diffuser is connected to the at least one first magnet via the at least one retaining element (in order to hold the diffuser in front of the first through-opening of the support structure), and wherein the at least one magnet is arranged such that it faces the at least one first coil arrangement.

[0096] In particular, the optical device can comprise a plurality of first recesses (or second through-holes), wherein each first recess (e.g., second through-hole) can be covered by the at least one elastically deformable element (e.g., membrane), wherein alternatively a separate elastically deformable element (e.g., a membrane) comprising or formed from a polymer can be arranged in or over each first recess (e.g., each second through-hole), wherein a magnet is arranged in front of or within the respective first recess (or second through-hole) and connected to the at least one membrane or the respective membrane, each magnet being arranged in front of a coil arrangement. Furthermore, each magnet is connected to the diffuser via a retaining element to hold it in front of the first through-hole.Furthermore, the respective coil arrangement can, in particular, be configured as the at least one first coil arrangement described above. The respective magnet is preferably configured as the at least one first magnet described above. Furthermore, the first recesses (or second through-openings) can be arranged around the (e.g., central) first through-opening. Thus, the diffuser is movable by means of the actuator formed by the coil arrangements and the associated magnets along a first direction of movement extending along the support structure and / or along a second direction of movement extending along the support structure.

[0097] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the support structure defines a first, a second, and a third recess (e.g., in the form of a through-opening extending from a front of the support structure to a rear of the support structure), wherein the movable diffuser is arranged in front of a fourth recess of the support structure, and wherein the movable diffuser is supported on the support structure by the at least one elastically deformable element, which is designed as a membrane connected to the support structure so that it covers the recesses (e.g., through-openings), and wherein, in particular, the at least one first magnet is connected to the at least one elastically deformable element and is arranged in front of the first recess, and wherein, in particular, the optical device comprises a retaining element, wherein, in particular, the diffuser is connected to the at least one first magnet via the retaining element.to hold the diffuser in front of the first recess of the support structure, and wherein in particular the retaining element comprises a first arm connecting the at least one first magnet to a first projection of the retaining element, the first projection being supported on the membrane and arranged in front of the second recess, and wherein the retaining element comprises a second arm connecting the at least one first magnet to a second projection of the retaining element, the second projection being supported on the membrane and arranged in front of the third recess, and wherein the diffuser is connected to the first and second arms, and wherein the at least one first magnet is arranged such that it faces the at least one first coil arrangement.

[0098] In particular, the fourth recess is arranged in an edge region of the support structure. Furthermore, the optical device specifically comprises a static diffuser that extends over the fourth recess on the rear side of the support structure and faces the movable diffuser. Furthermore, the first and second arms are specifically integrally connected and form an acute angle.

[0099] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the optical device includes sliding bearings arranged on the back of the elastically deformable membrane.

[0100] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the at least one first magnet and / or the second magnet are arranged on the back of the membrane.

[0101] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the at least one first magnet and / or the second magnet of the actuator are connected to the diffuser.

[0102] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the at least one first magnet and / or the second magnet of the actuator are configured to slide on a front side of the support structure.

[0103] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the at least one first magnet and / or the second magnet of the actuator are configured to slide on a ferrofluid arranged on a front face of the support structure. In particular, ferrofluids are colloidal liquids consisting of nanoscale ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic particles suspended in a carrier fluid.

[0104] According to one embodiment of the optical device, the front side is formed by a layer of the supporting structure, wherein the layer is made of glass or a non-magnetic metal.

[0105] According to a further aspect of the present invention, an optical device, particularly for improving the resolution of an image, is disclosed, comprising: a transparent plate for refracting a light beam passing through the plate, wherein the plate is tiltable (e.g. about a first axis and a second axis), and wherein the plate comprises a first end section and an opposing second end section, wherein the optical device comprises a first spring structure and an opposing second spring structure, wherein the first spring structure comprises an elongated first retaining arm connected (in particular glued) to the first end section of the plate, and wherein the second spring structure comprises an elongated second retaining arm connected (in particular glued) to the second end section of the plate.and wherein the first retaining arm is connected via a first rod to a first bendable element of the first spring structure and via a second rod to a second bendable element of the first spring structure, and wherein the second retaining arm is connected via a third rod to a third bendable element of the second spring structure and via a fourth rod to a fourth bendable element of the second spring structure.

[0106] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the respective rod is integrally connected with the associated bendable section.

[0107] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the first bendable element comprises an upper section and a pillar extending perpendicular to the upper section of the first bendable element, wherein the pillar of the first bendable element connects the upper section of the first bendable element to a lower section of the first spring structure, and wherein the second bendable element comprises an upper section and a pillar extending perpendicular to the upper section of the second bendable element, wherein the pillar of the second bendable element connects the upper section of the second bendable element to the lower section of the first spring structure, and wherein the third bendable element comprises an upper section and a pillar extending perpendicular to the upper section of the third bendable element.wherein the pillar of the third flexible element connects the upper section of the third flexible element to a lower section of the second spring structure, and wherein the fourth flexible element comprises an upper section and a pillar extending perpendicular to the upper section of the fourth flexible element, wherein the pillar of the fourth flexible element connects the upper section of the fourth flexible element to the lower section of the second spring structure.

[0108] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the optical device comprises an actuator for tilting the plate, wherein the actuator comprises a first and a second coil arranged on the lower part of the first spring structure such that the upper part of the first bendable element faces the first coil and forms a first air gap with the first coil, and that the upper part of the second bendable element faces the second coil and forms a second air gap with the second coil, and wherein the actuator comprises a third and a fourth coil arranged on the lower part of the second spring structure such that the upper part of the third bendable element faces the third coil and forms a third air gap with the third coil, and that the upper part of the fourth bendable element faces the fourth coil and forms a fourth air gap with the fourth coil.

[0109] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the first spring structure is configured to conduct the magnetic flux generated by the first or second coil (when an electric current is applied to the first or second coil), and the second spring structure is configured to conduct the magnetic flux generated by the third or fourth coil (when an electric current is applied to the third or fourth coil).

[0110] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the optical device is configured to apply an electric current to the respective coil, causing the respective coil to attract the upper section of the associated flexible section due to a reluctance force generated by the respective coil of the actuator.

[0111] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the optical device is configured to apply an electric current to the first and second coils or to the third and fourth coils in order to tilt the plate about a first axis extending parallel to the holding arms.

[0112] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the optical device is configured to apply an electric current to the first and third coils or to the second and fourth coils in order to tilt the plate about a second axis extending perpendicular to the support arms.

[0113] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the respective coil comprises a coil core that extends perpendicularly to the upper section of the respective bendable element.

[0114] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the actuator comprises a first substrate, wherein the first and second coils are integrated into the first substrate (the first substrate can, for example, be a printed circuit board), and wherein the actuator comprises a second substrate, wherein the third and fourth coils are integrated into the second substrate (the second substrate can, for example, be a printed circuit board).

[0115] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the optical device, the first spring structure comprises a first locking arm for engaging with the first substrate of the actuator, wherein the first locking arm projects from the lower section of the first spring structure between the first and second bendable elements of the first spring structure and is configured to secure the first substrate to the lower section of the first spring structure. According to another embodiment, the second spring structure comprises a second locking arm for engaging with the second substrate of the actuator, wherein the second locking arm projects from the lower section of the second spring structure between the third and fourth bendable elements of the second spring structure and is configured to secure the second substrate to the lower section of the second spring structure.

[0116] According to a further aspect of the present invention, an optical device, in particular for increasing the resolution of an image or for reducing speckle noise, is disclosed, comprising: a movable structure comprising an optical area for interacting with a light beam passing through the optical area, a support structure for supporting the movable structure, wherein the movable structure is mounted on the support structure via balls, such that the movable structure is movable along a first direction of movement extending along the support structure.

[0117] In particular, in one embodiment, the movable structure is supported on the support structure via balls, so that the movable structure is movable along the support structure in a second direction of movement extending along the support structure.

[0118] In particular, in one embodiment, each ball engages in a corresponding recess of the support structure.

[0119] In particular, in one embodiment, each ball engages in a corresponding recess of the movable structure.

[0120] In particular, in one embodiment, the optical area for interacting with a light ray passing through the optical area is a transparent area for refracting a light ray passing through the transparent area.

[0121] In particular, in one embodiment, the movable structure is supported on the support structure via the balls, such that the movable structure is movable along a first direction of movement extending along the support structure, and such that the movable structure is tilted about a first axis with respect to the support structure when the movable structure moves in the first direction of movement.

[0122] In particular, in one embodiment, the movable structure is mounted on the support structure via the balls, so that the movable structure is movable along the support structure in a second direction of movement extending along the support structure, and so that the movable structure is tilted about a second axis with respect to the support structure when the movable structure moves in the second direction of movement.

[0123] In particular, in one embodiment, the respective recess of the support structure comprises a base for contacting the ball that engages in the respective recess of the support structure, wherein the base has an inclination.

[0124] In particular, in one embodiment, the respective recess of the movable structure comprises a base for contacting the ball that engages in the respective recess of the movable structure, wherein the base of the respective recess of the movable structure comprises an inclination.

[0125] Furthermore, the optical device described here can be configured to be glued into an optical system (e.g., to form part of it). Alternatively, the optical device described here can also be configured to be inserted into an optical system, with, for example, the support frame (especially the circuit board) serving as a guide for insertion.

[0126] In the following, embodiments of the various aspects of the present invention, as well as further features and advantages of the present invention, are described with reference to the figures, wherein Fig. 1 shows an exploded view (A) and a perspective view (B) of an embodiment of an optical device according to the present invention, comprising a tiltable transparent plate for increasing the resolution of an optical image, wherein (C) shows a top view of a tiltable frame of the device; Fig. 2 shows an exploded view (A) and a perspective view (B) of an embodiment of an optical device according to the present invention, comprising two tiltable transparent plates for increasing the resolution of an optical image; Fig. Figure 3 shows top views (A) and (B) of an embodiment of an actuator, which in conjunction with the in Fig. 2 embodiment of the device shown, as well as top views (C) and (D) of an embodiment of an actuator which, in conjunction with the in Fig. The embodiment of the device shown in 1 can be used; Fig. Figure 4 shows a top view of another embodiment of an actuator, which is connected to the one described in Figure 4. Fig. The device shown in 1 can be used; and Fig. Figure 5 shows a perspective view (A) of a further embodiment of an optical device according to the present invention, comprising a spring-mounted, tiltable optical element, wherein (B) shows a top view of an actuator of the device; Fig. Figure 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a detail of an actuator that can be used to tilt an optical element / transparent plate, wherein in particular the respective coil of the actuator is directly integrated into a printed circuit board and wherein in particular the actuator uses a component of the magnetic field B of the respective magnet, which is preferably perpendicular to the current in the respective coil and in particular perpendicular to the force F generated by the actuator L is; Fig. Figure 7 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of an optical device according to the present invention, comprising a diffuser mounted on elastic polymer pillars to achieve a reduction of the speckle pattern; Fig. Figure 8 shows a schematic cross-section of a further embodiment of an optical device according to the present invention, comprising a diffuser mounted on an elastic membrane to achieve a reduction of the speckle pattern; Fig. Figure 9 shows schematic cross-sectional views (A), (B) of further embodiments of an optical device according to the present invention, comprising a diffuser mounted on an elastic membrane to achieve a reduction of the speckle pattern; Fig. Figure 10 shows a schematic cross-sectional view (A) and a top view (B) of a further embodiment of an optical device according to the present invention, comprising a diffuser mounted on an elastic membrane to achieve a reduction of the speckle pattern, and a top view (C) of an embodiment of an optical device according to the present invention, comprising a diffuser mounted on an elastic polymer thread to achieve a reduction of the speckle pattern; Fig. Figure 11 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of an optical device according to the present invention, comprising a diffuser mounted on elastic polymer pillars to achieve a reduction of the speckle pattern; Fig. Figure 12 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of an optical device according to the present invention, comprising a diffuser mounted on elastic polymer pillars to achieve a reduction of the speckle pattern; Fig. Figure 13 shows a schematic top view (A) and a schematic cross-sectional view (B) of a further embodiment of an optical device according to the present invention, comprising a diffuser mounted on an elastic membrane to achieve a reduction of the speckle pattern, and (C) shows top views of components of an actuator of the device; Fig. Figure 14 shows schematic top views (A), (B) of embodiments of an optical device according to the present invention, comprising a diffuser mounted on at least one elastic membrane to achieve a reduction of the speckle pattern; Fig. Figure 15 shows a perspective view of a further embodiment of an optical device according to the present invention, comprising a diffuser mounted on at least one elastic membrane to achieve a reduction of the speckle pattern; Fig. Figure 16 shows a perspective view (A) of an embodiment of an optical device according to the present invention, comprising a tiltable transparent plate for increasing the resolution of an optical image, wherein (B) shows an exploded view of the device.

[0127] Fig. 1(A) shows in conjunction with the Fig. 1(B) and Fig. 1(C) An embodiment of an optical device 1 according to the present invention, wherein the optical device 1 is configured, in particular, for increasing the resolution of an image (by shifting pixels, as described herein). In particular, the optical element 21 (e.g., the transparent plate 21, especially glass) is configured to interact with a light beam L passing through the plate 21, such that the light beam L is refracted as it passes through the transparent plate 21. If the light beam L projects an image consisting of rows and columns of pixels, and the plate 21 is tilted between a first and a second position (e.g., about a first axis A), the light beam L is shifted (e.g., the projected image is shifted by a fraction of a pixel (typically half a pixel) along a first direction).Furthermore, the light beam L can also be directed by tilting the plate 21 about another (e.g. orthogonal) axis (in . Fig. (1 not shown) are moved so that the light ray L is also moved along a second direction.

[0128] Furthermore, with such a device 1, a temporal sequence of images can be divided into two sub-images, with successive sub-images being shifted relative to each other by a fraction of a pixel (e.g., half or a third). The sub-images are projected so quickly that they appear to the human eye as if they were projected simultaneously and superimposed. For example, if the sub-images are aligned such that the corners of the pixels in one sub-image are projected onto the centers of the next sub-image, and so on, the illusion of twice the resolution can be achieved. This type of pixel shifting can occur in one dimension (e.g., shifting in the x-direction) or in two dimensions (2D), e.g., shifting in both the x- and y-directions of the image (i.e., shifting along the rows and columns of the digital image or shifting the pixel diagonally).

[0129] The in Fig. However, the device shown in Figure 1 can also be used to reduce a so-called speckle pattern, which is an interference pattern that arises due to the high coherence of the laser light on a screen (objective speckles) or the retina of the human eye (subjective speckles).

[0130] The reduction of such a speckle pattern can be achieved by passing the light or laser beam through or reflecting it off an optical element 21 in the form of a moving / oscillating diffuser. At a sufficiently high frequency, the human brain integrates the perceived light over time, thereby significantly reducing the perceived speckle noise.

[0131] In particular, the in Fig. 1 device shown preferably - a transparent first plate 21 for refracting a light ray L when the light ray passes through the first plate 21, - a support frame or support structure 3 configured to support the first plate 21, wherein the support frame 3 surrounds an opening 31 of the support frame 3 extending from a front 3a of the support frame 3 to a rear 3b of the support frame 3, so that light can pass through the support frame 3, - a first spring structure 600 connected to the front 3a of the support frame 3, wherein the first spring structure 600 comprises a first frame 607 to which the first plate 21 is connected, wherein the first frame 607 is tiltable about a first axis A with respect to the support frame 3, and - an actuator 5 configured to tilt the first plate 21 about the first axis A by means of a Lorentz force, wherein the actuator 5 comprises a first coil 60 and a second coil 61, the coils 60, 61 being integrated into the support frame 3, and wherein the actuator 5 comprises a first magnet 70 facing the first coil 60 and a second magnet 71 facing the second coil 61, the first and second magnets 70, 71 being connected to the first frame 607.

[0132] In particular, the magnets 70, 71 each comprise a magnetization oriented at an angle α between 80° and 100° with respect to a plane extending perpendicular to the winding axes W of the coils 60, 61 (see e.g. Fig. 6).

[0133] In particular, the support frame 3 of the optical device 1 is formed by a circuit board and preferably comprises a first arm 350 which is opposite a second arm 351 of the support frame 3, wherein the first and the second arm 350, 351 are connected by a third and a fourth arm 352, 353 of the support frame 3.

[0134] Furthermore, the first spring structure 600 comprises a first retaining element 602, which is connected to the first frame 607 via a first torsion bar 601, and a second retaining element 604, which is connected to the first frame 607 via a second torsion bar 603. The first retaining element 602 is connected to the third arm 352 of the support frame 3 on the front of the support frame 3, and the second retaining element 604 is connected to the fourth arm 353 of the support frame 3 on the front of the support frame 3. In particular, the first retaining element 602 can be connected to a first projection 300 extending from the support frame 3 (e.g., a circuit board). Likewise, the second retaining element 604 can be connected to a second projection 301 extending from the support frame 3.

[0135] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 1(C), the first torsion bar 601 and the second torsion bar 602 are aligned along the first axis A about which the plate 21 can be tilted.

[0136] In particular, the first retaining element 602 is separated from the first frame 607 by two slots 605a, 605b, the width of which increases towards the first torsion bar. Furthermore, the second retaining element 604 can also be separated from the first frame 607 by two slots 606a, 606b, which have a width that increases towards the second torsion bar 603. Particularly for controlled etching, portions of the slots on both sides of the respective torsion bars 601, 603 can be symmetrical, as shown in Fig. 1(C) shown.

[0137] In particular, the optical element (e.g., glass) 21 can be tilted about axis A, which extends at an angle of 45° to the third arm 352 of the support frame, i.e., diagonally across the first frame 607. Specifically, the tilt angle of the optical element 21 about axis A depends on the pixel size and the thickness of the optical element 21. The thickness can, for example, be in the range of 0.5 mm to 1 mm, resulting in a tilt angle in the range of, for example, 0.4° to 1.5°.

[0138] As in the Fig. 1(A), Fig. 3(C) and Fig. As further shown in Figure 3(D), the first coil 60 is an L-shaped first coil 60 comprising a first section 60a integrated into the first arm 351 of the support frame 3, and a second section 60b perpendicular to the first section 60a of the first coil 60, wherein the second section 60b of the first coil 60 is integrated into the fourth arm 353 of the support frame 3, and wherein the second coil 61 is an L-shaped second coil 61 comprising a first section 61a integrated into the second arm 351 of the support frame 3, and a second section 61b perpendicular to the first section 61a of the second coil 61, wherein the second section 61b of the second coil 61 is integrated into the third arm 352 of the support frame 3.

[0139] Furthermore, the optical device 1 comprises a third magnet 72 facing the second coil 61 and a fourth magnet 73 facing the first coil 60, wherein the third and fourth magnets 72, 73 are connected to the first frame 607, and wherein the first magnet 70 is opposite the first section 60a of the first coil 60, and wherein the second magnet 71 is opposite the first section 61a of the second coil 61, and wherein the third magnet 72 is opposite the second section 61b of the second coil 61, and wherein the fourth magnet 73 is opposite the second section 60b of the first coil 61. In particular, the magnets 72, 73 can each have a magnetization M3, M4 oriented at an angle α between 80° and 100° with respect to the aforementioned plane (see, e.g., Fig. 6).

[0140] In particular, the first magnet 70 is oriented towards the first section 60a of the first coil 60 such that a magnetic field B generated by the first magnet 70 has a component parallel to the support frame 3 and perpendicular to a current I flowing through the first section 60a of the first coil 60 at the location of the first section 60a of the first coil 60, so that a Lorentz force F L is generated when an electric current I is applied to the first coil 60, which pushes the first magnet 70 away from the first section 60a of the first coil 60 or pulls the first magnet 70 towards the first section 60a of the first coil 60, depending on the direction of the electric current I in the first section 60a of the first coil 60 (cf. Fig. 6 and Fig. 3(C)).

[0141] Similarly, the fourth magnet 73 faces the second section 60b of the first coil 60, such that a magnetic field B generated by the fourth magnet 73 has a component parallel to the support frame 3 and perpendicular to a current I flowing through the second section 60b of the first coil 60 at the location of the second section 60b of the first coil 60, so that a Lorentz force F L is generated when an electric current I is applied to the first coil 60, which pushes the fourth magnet 73 away from the second section 60b of the first coil 60 or pulls the fourth magnet 73 towards the second section 60b of the first coil 60, depending on the direction of the electric current I in the second section 60b of the first coil 60 (cf. Fig. 6).

[0142] Similarly, the second magnet 71 is oriented towards the first section 61a of the second coil 61 such that a magnetic field B generated by the second magnet 71 has a component parallel to the support frame 3 and perpendicular to a current I flowing through the first section 61a of the second coil 61 at the location of the first section 61a of the second coil 61, so that a Lorentz force F L is generated when an electric current I is applied to the second coil 61, which pushes the second magnet 71 away from the first section 61a of the second coil 61 or pulls the second magnet 71 towards the first section 61a of the second coil 61, depending on the direction of the electric current I in the first section 61a of the second coil 61 (cf. Fig. 6 and Fig. 3(C)).

[0143] Finally, the third magnet 72 is oriented towards the second section 61b of the second coil 61 such that a magnetic field B generated by the third magnet 72 has a component parallel to the support frame 3 and perpendicular to a current I flowing through the second section 61b of the second coil 61 at the location of the second section 61b of the second coil 61, so that a Lorentz force F L is generated when an electric current I is applied to the second coil 61, which pushes the third magnet 72 away from the second section 61b of the second coil 61 or pulls the third magnet 72 towards the second section 61b of the second coil 61, depending on the direction of the electric current I in the second section 61b of the second coil 61.

[0144] By controlling the electrical currents applied to the first and second coils, the plate 21 can thus be rotated by the amount specified in Fig. 1(C) Axis A shown can be tilted.

[0145] Optionally, the device 1 can include a static diffuser 211 (e.g., if the optical element 21 is a diffuser), wherein the static diffuser faces the optical element 21 / diffuser 21. Such a static diffuser 211 can also be used in other embodiments (e.g., Fig. 5).

[0146] Furthermore, the optical device 1 can also include a Hall sensor H or another sensor H to measure the position of the first spring structure 600. Electrical contacts 305 for electrically contacting the device 1 can be arranged on one of the arms of the support frame 3, e.g., on the first arm 350 or the second arm 351. As shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 3(D), the support frame (e.g., the circuit board 36) can include a flexible part that incorporates the contacts 305 for the electrical connections to the device 1. However, such contacts 305 can generally also be provided at other locations on the device 1.

[0147] Furthermore, it shows Fig. 2 a modification of the in Fig. 1 embodiment of the optical device 1, wherein here (in addition to the features shown in Fig. (1 components shown) the optical device 1 comprises a transparent second plate 210 for refracting the light beam L when the light beam L passes through the second plate 210, wherein the first plate 21 is opposite the second plate 210 and wherein the support frame 3 is configured to support the second plate 210.

[0148] In particular, the optical device 1 comprises a second spring structure 700 connected to the rear side 3b of the support frame 3, wherein the second spring structure 700 comprises a second frame to which the second plate 210 is connected, wherein the second frame 707 is tiltable about a second axis A' with respect to the support frame 3, and wherein the actuator 5 is configured to tilt the second plate 210 about the second axis A' by means of a Lorentz force.

[0149] For this purpose, the actuator 5 comprises a third coil 62 and a fourth coil 63, wherein the third and fourth coils 62, 63 are integrated into the support frame 3, and wherein the actuator comprises a third magnet 72 opposite the third coil 63 and a fourth magnet 73 opposite the fourth coil 63, and wherein the third and fourth magnets 73, 74 are connected to the second frame 707.

[0150] In particular, the first and second coils 60, 61, in contrast to Fig. 1. They do not form an L-shape, but are according to Fig. 3(A) and Fig. 3(B) arranged, wherein the first coil 61 is integrated into the first arm 350 of the support frame 3 and the second coil is integrated into the opposite second arm 351 of the support frame 3.

[0151] Similarly, the third coil 62 is integrated into the third arm 352 and the fourth coil 63 into the fourth arm 353 of the support frame 3 (e.g., printed circuit board). Specifically, the first coil 60 and the second coil 61 can be electrically connected to achieve a push-pull effect on axis A. Furthermore, the third coil 62 and the fourth coil 63 can be electrically connected to achieve a push-pull effect on axis A'.

[0152] Furthermore, as in Fig. Figure 3(B) shows that one or more electronic components 306 of the device 1 are arranged on the support frame 3, e.g., on one of the arms (e.g., the second arm 351). In particular, the respective electronic component 306 is arranged near the electrical contacts 305 (e.g., on the second arm 351). Optionally, the device can include a Hall sensor H for each frame 607, 707 to measure the position of the corresponding frame 607, 707, in particular of the respective optical element 21, 210.

[0153] Furthermore, the second spring structure comprises 700, as in the Fig. 2(A) and Fig. Figure 2(B) shows a third retaining element 702 connected to the second frame 707 via a third torsion bar 701, and the second spring structure 700 comprising a fourth retaining element 704 connected to the second frame 707 via a fourth torsion bar 703, the third retaining element 702 being connected to the first arm 350 of the support frame 3 on the rear side 3b of the support frame 3, and the fourth retaining element 704 being connected to the second arm 351 of the support frame 3 on the rear side 3b of the support frame 3. Here too, each retaining element 604, 602, 702, 704 can be connected to an associated overmolding 300, 301, 302, 303 projecting from the support frame 3 (e.g., a circuit board). Here too, electrical contacts 305 for electrically contacting the device 1 can be arranged on one of the arms of the support frame 3, e.g. on the second arm 351.

[0154] In particular, the third torsion bar 701 and the fourth torsion bar 703 are aligned with the second axis A', as shown in Fig. 2(A) shown.

[0155] Furthermore, the respective magnet 70, 71, 72, 73 faces the respective coil 60, 61, 62, 63 (see also Fig. 6) such that a magnetic field B generated by the respective magnet 70, 71, 72, 73 has, at the location of the respective coil 60, 61, 62, 63, a component parallel to the support frame 3 and perpendicular to a current I flowing through the respective coil 60, 61, 62, 63, such that a Lorentz force is generated when an electric current is applied to the respective coil 60, 61, 62, 63, which pushes the respective magnet 70, 71, 72, 73 away from the respective coil 60, 61, 62, 63 or pulls the respective magnet 70, 71, 72, 73 towards the respective coil 60, 61, 62, 63, depending on the direction of the electric current I in the respective coil 60, 61, 62, 63. This allows the first frame 607 and thus the first plate 21 is tilted around the first axis A and the second frame 707 and thus the second plate 210 is tilted around the orthogonal second axis A'.

[0156] Here too, the tilt angle about the respective axis A, A' depends on the pixel size and the thickness of the respective optical element 21, 210. In particular, the respective thickness can be in the range of 0.5 mm to 1 mm, which leads to a respective tilt angle in the range of, for example, 0.4° to 1.5°.

[0157] Fig. Figure 4 shows another arrangement of coils 60, 61, which replaces the two L-shaped coils 60, 61 with the one shown in Fig. The embodiment of the optical device 1 shown in 1(A) can be used.

[0158] According to Fig. 4 the first coil 60 is an outer coil 60 and the second coil 61 is an inner coil 61, wherein the outer coil 60 surrounds the inner coil 61 and wherein the outer coil 60 comprises a first section 60a and an opposite second section 60b, and wherein the inner coil 61 comprises a first section 61a and an opposite second section 61b, wherein the first section 60a of the outer coil 60 extends adjacent to the first section 61a of the inner coil 60 and wherein the second section 60b of the outer coil 60 extends adjacent to the second section 61b of the inner coil 61.

[0159] Furthermore, the outer coil 60 comprises a third section 60c connecting the first section 60a of the outer coil 60 to the second section 60b of the outer coil 60, and the inner coil 61 comprises a third section 61c extending adjacent to the third section 60c of the outer coil 60, wherein the third section 61c of the inner coil 61 connecting the first section 61a of the inner coil 61 to the second section 61b of the inner coil 60, and wherein the outer coil 60 comprises a fourth section 60d connecting the first section 60a of the outer coil 60 to the second section 60b of the outer coil 60, and wherein the inner coil 61 comprises a fourth section 61d extending adjacent to the fourth section 60d of the outer coil 60, wherein the fourth section 61d of the inner coil 61 connecting the first section 61a of the inner coil 61 to the second section 61b of the inner coil 61 connects.

[0160] Furthermore, as in Fig. As shown in Figure 4, the first sections 60a, 61a of the outer and inner coils 60, 61 are integrated into the first arm 350 of the support structure 3, and the second sections 60b, 61b of the outer and inner coils 60, 61 are integrated into the second arm 351 of the support structure 3. Furthermore, the third sections 60c, 61c of the outer and inner coils 60, 61 are integrated into the third arm 352 of the support structure 3, and the fourth sections 60d, 61d of the outer and inner coils 60, 61 are integrated into the fourth arm 353 of the support structure 3.

[0161] Here too, the optical device comprises 1 magnets 70, 71, 72, 73, which are connected to the first frame 607 and are attracted or repelled by means of the coils 60, 61 in order to tilt the frame 607 and thus the optical element 21 accordingly.

[0162] In particular, the first magnet 70 faces the first sections 60a, 61a of the outer coil 60 and the inner coil 60, 61 in a direction perpendicular to a front face 3a of the support frame 3, and the second magnet 71 faces the second sections 60b, 61b of the outer and inner coil 60, 61 in a direction perpendicular to the front face 3a of the support frame 3. Furthermore, the third magnet 72 faces the third sections 60c, 61c of the outer coil 60 and the inner coil 61 in a direction perpendicular to the front face 3a of the support frame 3, and the fourth magnet 73 faces the fourth sections 60d, 61d of the outer and inner coil 60, 61 in a direction perpendicular to the front face 3a of the support frame 3.

[0163] Furthermore, each magnet 70, 71, 72, 73 comprises a magnetization M1, M2, M3, M4, wherein the respective magnetization M1, M2, M3, M4 extends orthogonally to the first plate 21, wherein the magnetization M1, M4 of the first and fourth magnets 70, 73 point in the same direction, while the magnetizations M2, M3 of the second and third magnets 71, 72 point in the opposite direction.

[0164] In particular, the first magnet 70 faces the first sections 60a, 61a of the outer and inner coils 60, 61, and the fourth magnet 73 faces the fourth sections 60d, 61d of the outer and inner coils 60, 61, such that a magnetic field B generated by the first magnet 70 has a component parallel to the support frame 3 and perpendicular to a current I flowing through the first section 60a of the outer coil 60 and to an opposite current I' flowing through the first section 61a of the inner coil 61, and such that a magnetic field B generated by the fourth magnet 73 has a component parallel to the support frame 3 and perpendicular to a current I flowing through the fourth section 60d of the outer coil 60 and to an opposite current I' flowing through the fourth section 61d of the inner coil 61, such that a resultant Lorentz force F Lis generated which pushes the first magnet 70 away from the first sections 60a, 61a of the outer and inner coil 60, 61 and the fourth magnet 73 away from the fourth sections 60d, 61d of the outer and inner coil 60, 61 or attracts the first magnet 70 to the first sections 60a, 61a of the outer and inner coil 60, 61 and the fourth magnet 73 to the fourth sections 60d, 61d of the outer and inner coil 60, 61.

[0165] Similarly, the third magnet 72 faces the third sections 60c, 61c of the outer and inner coils 60, 61, and the second magnet 71 faces the second sections 60b, 61b of the outer and inner coils 60, 61, such that a magnetic field B generated by the third magnet 72 has a component parallel to the support frame 3 and perpendicular to a current I flowing through the third section 60c of the outer coil 60 and to an opposite current I' flowing through the third section 61c of the inner coil 61, and such that a magnetic field B generated by the second magnet 71 has a component parallel to the support frame 3 and perpendicular to a current I flowing through the second section 60b of the outer coil 60 and to an opposite current I' flowing through the second section 61b of the inner coil 61, such that a resultant Lorentz force F Lis generated which pushes the third magnet 72 away from the third sections 60c, 61c of the outer and inner coil 60, 61 and the second magnet 71 away from the second sections 60b, 61b of the outer and inner coil 60, 61 or attracts the third magnet 72 to the third sections 60c, 61c of the outer and inner coil 60, 61 and the second magnet 71 to the second sections 60b, 61b of the outer and inner coil 60, 61.

[0166] Furthermore, it shows Fig. 5 Another embodiment of an optical device 1, which is configured in particular to increase the resolution of an image and / or to reduce speckle patterns. According to Fig. 5 The optical device 1 comprises at least one optical element 21 configured to interact with a light beam L incident on the optical element 21, a support frame 3 configured to support the optical element 21, a preferably monolithic spring structure 900 connected to the support frame 3, the spring structure 900 comprising a frame 909 to which the optical element 21 is connected, the frame 909 being movable with respect to the support frame 3, the spring structure 900 comprising a first retaining element 902 connected to the frame 909 via a first spring element 901, the spring structure 900 comprising a second retaining element 904 connected to the frame 909 via a second spring element 903, and the spring structure 900 comprising a third retaining element 906 connected to the frame via a third spring element 905 909 is connected,and wherein the spring structure 900 comprises a fourth retaining element 908 which is connected to the frame 909 via a fourth spring element 907.

[0167] Preferably, the monolithic spring structure 900 is made from a metal sheet. Furthermore, the respective spring element 901, 903, 905, 907 preferably comprises a curved shape with at least one inflection point P1, P2, P3, P4.

[0168] In particular, the curvature of each spring element 901, 903, 905, 907 changes its sign at the respective inflection point P1, P2, P3, P4, i.e., at the respective inflection point P1, P2, P3, P4, a left-curved section of each spring element 901, 903, 905, 907 is followed by a right-curved section of the spring element 901, 903, 905, 907. Specifically, each spring element 901, 903, 905, 907 is bent such that it has two arcuate sections connected to each other in such a way that it has an S-shape or a meandering shape, as shown in Fig. 5 shown.

[0169] Furthermore, the optical device 1 includes an actuator 5 configured to move the frame 909 by means of a Lorentz force with respect to the support frame 3.

[0170] According to a preferred embodiment, the support frame 3 is formed by a printed circuit board. In particular, the support frame 3 preferably surrounds an opening 31 of the support frame 3, which extends from a front 3a of the support frame 3 to a rear 3b of the support frame 3, so that light can pass through the support frame 3.

[0171] In particular, the support frame 3 comprises a first arm 350 which is opposite a second arm 351 of the support frame 3, wherein the first and the second arm 350, 351 are connected by a third and a fourth arm 352, 353 of the support frame 3.

[0172] Furthermore, the first and third arms 350, 352 are connected to a first corner section 910 of the support frame 3, and wherein the third and second arms 352, 351 are connected to a second corner section 911 of the support frame 3, and wherein the second and fourth arms 351, 353 are connected to a third corner section 912 of the support frame 3, and wherein the fourth and first arms 353, 350 are connected to a fourth corner section 913 of the support frame 3.

[0173] To connect the spring structure 900 to the support frame 3, the first retaining element 902 is connected to the first corner section 910 of the support frame 3, the second retaining element 904 is connected to the second corner section 911 of the support frame 3, the third retaining element 906 is connected to the third corner section 912 of the support frame 3, and the fourth retaining element 908 is connected to the fourth corner section 913 of the support frame 3.

[0174] In particular, the respective corner section 910, 911, 912, 913 forms a projection to which the respective retaining element 902, 904, 906, 908 is connected.

[0175] For tilting the frame 909, the actuator 5 comprises a first coil 60, a second coil 61, a third coil 62, and a fourth coil 63, wherein the coils 60, 61, 62, and 63 are preferably integrated into the support frame 3. Furthermore, the actuator 5 comprises a first magnet 70 opposite the first coil 60, a second magnet 71 opposite the second coil 61, a third magnet 72 opposite the third coil 62, and a fourth magnet 73 opposite the fourth coil 63, wherein the magnets 70, 71, 72, and 73 are connected to the frame 909.

[0176] In particular, each magnet 70, 71, 72, 73 has a magnetization M1, M2, M3, M4, wherein the respective magnetization M1, M2, M3, M4 extends orthogonally to the frame 909, wherein in particular the first and the second magnetization M1, M2 point in opposite directions (or in the same direction) and wherein in particular the third and the fourth magnetization M3, M4 point in opposite directions (or in the same direction).

[0177] In particular, the first coil 60 is integrated into the first arm 350 of the support frame 3, the second coil 61 is integrated into the second arm 351 of the support frame 3, the third coil 62 is integrated into the third arm 352 of the support frame 3, and the fourth coil 63 is integrated into the fourth arm 353 of the support frame 3. In particular, the support frame 3 can comprise or be configured as a printed circuit board into which the coils 60, 61, 62, 63 are integrated.

[0178] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 5(B), the respective magnet 70, 71, 72, 73 is oriented towards the respective coil 60, 61, 62, 63 such that a current from the respective magnet 70, 71, 72, 73 is emitted at the position of the respective coil 60, 61, 62, 63 (see also Figure 5(B)). Fig. 6) The generated magnetic field B has a component parallel to the support frame 3 and perpendicular to a current I flowing through the respective coil 60, 61, 62, 63, such that a Lorentz force is generated when an electric current is applied to the respective coil 60, 61, 62, 63, which pushes the respective magnet 70, 71, 72, 73 away from the respective coil 60, 61, 62, 63 or attracts the respective magnet 70, 71, 72, 73 towards the respective coil 60, 61, 62, 63, depending on the direction of the electric current I in the respective coil 60, 61, 62, 63.

[0179] In particular, the actuator 5 is configured to apply electric currents to the opposing first and second coils 60, 61, such that the first magnet 70 and the first coil 60 attract each other and the second magnet 71 and the second coil 61 repel each other, so that the frame 909 and thus the optical element 21 is tilted about a first axis A, or wherein the actuator 5 is configured to apply electric currents to the opposing first and second coils 60, 61, such that the first magnet 70 and the first coil 60 repel each other and the second magnet 71 and the second coil 61 attract each other, so that the frame 909 and thus the optical element 21 are tilted about the first axis A in the opposite direction.

[0180] Similarly, the actuator 5 is preferably configured to apply electric currents to the opposing third and fourth coils 62, 63, such that the third magnet 72 and the third coil 62 attract each other and the fourth magnet 73 and the fourth coil 63 repel each other, so that the frame 909 and thus the optical element 21 are tilted about a second axis A', or wherein the actuator 5 is configured to apply electric currents to the opposing third and fourth coils 62, 63, such that the third magnet 72 and the third coil 62 repel each other and the fourth magnet 73 and the fourth coil 63 attract each other, so that the frame 909 and thus the optical element 21 are tilted about the second axis A' in the opposite direction.

[0181] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 5, the optical element 21 is a flat transparent plate with plane-parallel surfaces. In other embodiments, however, the optical elements 21 can be one of the following: a mirror, a lens, a prism, or any other optical element that is to be tilted about, for example, two independent axes A, A'.

[0182] The following refers to the Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10, Fig. 11, Fig. 12, Fig. 13, Fig. 14 to Fig. 15 one aspect of the present invention is described in more detail, wherein the optical device 1 is preferably used for reducing speckle patterns (also referred to as speckle noise), wherein the device 1 comprises a movable diffuser 21 for scattering a light beam L passing through the diffuser 21 and a support structure 3 for supporting the diffuser 21, wherein, as for example in Fig. Figure 7 shows that the movable diffuser 21 is supported on the support structure 3 by at least one elastically deformable element 90, which is, for example, made of a polymer or a metal (or formed from a polymer or a metal), such that the diffuser 21 moves along a first direction of movement x extending along the support structure 3 and / or along a second direction of movement y (perpendicular to the support structure 3). Fig. 7 (cross-sectional plane shown), which also extends along the supporting structure 3, is movable.

[0183] As in the Fig. 7 and Fig. As shown in Figure 11, the diffuser 21 can be supported on the support structure 3 by at least two elastically deformable elements 90 projecting from the support structure 3 (e.g., perpendicular to a front face 3a of the support structure 3), wherein each elastically deformable element 90 comprises or can be formed from a polymer or a metal. Preferably, the diffuser 21 is supported on the support structure 3 by three or four such elastically deformable elements 90.

[0184] In particular, as in the Fig. 7 and Fig. Figure 11 shows that the respective elastically deformable element 90 is an elastically deformable, in particular bendable, column 90 that projects from the supporting structure 3 (e.g., from the front face 3a of the supporting structure 3). In particular, the columns 90 can be configured such that they only allow lateral movement of the optical element / diffuser 21 (e.g., parallel to the supporting structure 3 / along the extension plane of the diffuser 21).

[0185] In particular, as in Fig. As shown in Figure 7, each column is connected at 90 degrees to a corner area 21c of the diffuser 21.

[0186] Alternatively, as in Fig. As shown in Figure 11, each column 90 is connected to a retaining element 23, with the diffuser 21 being connected to the retaining element 23.

[0187] In the in the Fig. 7 and Fig. In the embodiments shown in 11, the respective support structures 3 can have a through-opening 31 (in Fig. 7 not visible) limiting the area extending from a front 3a of the support structure 3 to a rear 3b of the support structure 3. In particular, the respective diffuser 21 is arranged in front of the passage opening 31, so that light L can pass through the diffuser 21 and through the support structure 3 via the passage opening 31.

[0188] Furthermore, the optical device 1, as shown in Fig. Figure 11 shows that the arrangement may also include a static diffuser 210 opposite the movable diffuser 21, wherein the static diffuser 210 may be arranged in front of or within the opening 31. In particular, the static diffuser 210 may be connected to the rear side 3b of the supporting structure 3.

[0189] To move the diffuser 21 into the Fig. 7 and Fig. In the embodiments of optical device 1 shown in Figure 11, an actuator can be used, as in conjunction with Fig. 13 (see below). Therefore, the optical device 1 preferably comprises a first and a second magnet 70, 71 which can be connected to the diffuser 21 as described in Fig. Figure 11 shows. Furthermore, each magnet 70, 71 is preferably oriented towards an associated coil arrangement 80, 81, which is connected to the support structure 3. In particular, the respective coil arrangement is integrated into the support structure, especially into a printed circuit board 36, which is encompassed by the support structure 3 or forms the support structure 3.

[0190] As an alternative to the pillars 90, the optical device 1 can also comprise an elastically deformable membrane 90, as for example in the Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10 and Fig. 12 shown. Here too, the membrane 90 can be configured so that it only allows lateral movement of the optical element / diffuser 21 (e.g. parallel to the support structure 3 / along the expansion plane of the diffuser 21).

[0191] Here, the optical device 1 for reducing speckle noise comprises, in particular, a movable diffuser 21 for scattering a light beam L passing through the diffuser 21 and, as before, a support structure 3 for supporting the diffuser 21, wherein the movable diffuser 21 is supported on the support structure 3 by at least one elastically deformable membrane 90, which, for example, comprises (or is formed from) a polymer, such that the diffuser 21 is movable along a first direction of movement x extending along the support structure 3 and / or along a second direction of movement y extending along the support structure (the second direction of movement y extends perpendicular to the cross-sectional plane shown). Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10(A) and Fig. 12).

[0192] In particular, the membrane can be 90, as in the Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10(A) and Fig. 12 shows a circumferential edge region 90c, via which the membrane 90 is connected to the supporting structure 3 (see e.g. Fig. 10(B)). Furthermore, as in the Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. As specified in 10(A), the diffuser 21 is connected to a front face 90a of the membrane 90, with the front face 90a of the membrane 90 pointing away from the support structure 3. Alternatively, the diffuser 21 can be, as for example in Fig. 12 shown, also arranged on a rear side 90b of the membrane 90, wherein the rear side 90b of the membrane 90 faces the supporting structure 3.

[0193] Furthermore, the optical device 1, as shown in Fig. Figure 9(A) shows sliding bearings 6 connected to the rear face 90b of the diaphragm 90, the sliding bearings 6 being configured to slide on the support structure 3. The sliding bearings 6 can be sliding ruby ​​disks. The sliding bearings 6 can also be formed by magnets that then slide directly on a surface of the device (e.g., a spacer glass).

[0194] Alternatively or additionally, a first and a second magnet 70, 71 of an actuator of the device 1 can be configured to slide on a front face 3aa of the support structure 3, as shown in Fig. 9(B) shown. In particular, magnets 70, 71 can be, as in the Fig. 10(A) and Fig. As shown in Figure 12, the actuators are configured to slide on a ferrofluid 7 arranged on a front surface 3aa of the support structure 3. In particular, the respective front surface 3aa can be formed by a layer of glass or a non-magnetic metal. The ferrofluid lubricant reduces friction and serves to define position and potentially eliminate vibrations. In addition, the ferrofluid can enhance the magnetic field of the actuator. Optionally, a thin glass or non-magnetic metal plate 77 can be arranged on the support structure 3 and over the coil assemblies 80, 81, in particular on the circuit board 36.

[0195] Also in the embodiments according to the Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10(A) and Fig. 12. The respective support structure 3 (which includes or is configured as a printed circuit board 36) can define a through-opening 31 extending from a front face 3a of the support structure 3 to a rear face 3b of the support structure 3. In particular, the respective diffuser 21 can be arranged in front of the through-opening 31 so that light L can pass through the diffuser 21 and through the support structure 3 via the through-opening 31. In particular, the optical device, as in Fig. Figure 12 shows a static diffuser 210 that is opposite the movable diffuser 21, wherein the static diffuser 210 can be arranged in front of or inside the opening 31. In particular, the static diffuser 210 can be connected to the rear side 3b of the supporting structure 3.

[0196] To move the diffuser 21 in the embodiments described in the Fig. 8, Fig. 9(B), Fig. 10(A) and Fig. An actuator can be used in the optical device 1 shown in Figure 12, as in conjunction with Fig. 13 described (see, for example, below). In this case, the optical device 1 preferably comprises a first and a second magnet 70, 71, which can be connected to the membrane 90 (in particular to the back side 90b), as shown in Figures 8, 9(B) and 10(A), or to the diffuser 21, as shown in Fig. Figure 12 shows. Furthermore, each magnet 70, 71 is preferably oriented towards an associated coil arrangement 80, 81, which is connected to the support structure 3. In particular, the device 1 can be configured as shown in the Fig. 9(B) and Fig. 10(A) shows a feedback structure 38 which is arranged on a side of the printed circuit board 36 which faces away from the diffuser 21.

[0197] In particular, instead of an elastically deformable membrane 90 as described above, the optical device 1 can also comprise at least one elastically deformable filament. The filament can comprise a polymer or be formed from a polymer.

[0198] According to the in Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 10(C), the optical device 1 can comprise two such filaments 90. In particular, the two filaments 90 extend parallel to each other along the support structure 3. In particular, each filament 90 comprises a first end section 90d and an opposing second end section 90e, wherein the end sections 90d, 90e are connected to the support structure 3. In particular, the filaments 90 can be integrally formed (e.g., by injection molding) with two opposing attachment sections 91, 92, by means of which the two filaments 90 are attached to the support structure 3. The support structure 3 comprises or forms a substrate (e.g., a printed circuit board 36) into which a coil arrangement 80 described herein can be integrated. In particular, the attachment sections 91, 92 can be attached to the printed circuit board 36.Furthermore, the diffuser 21 can be connected to the back side of the respective thread 90, with this back side facing the support structure 3. A magnet 70 can be connected to the diffuser 21 and is movable to move the diffuser 21 by means of the coil arrangement 80, as shown below in conjunction with . Fig. 13 is described in more detail.

[0199] Fig. Figure 13 shows a further embodiment of an optical device 1 for reducing speckle noise, which includes an elastically deformable element in the form of a membrane 90 for holding the diffuser 21. In particular, the device 1 comprises: a movable diffuser 21 for scattering a light beam L passing through the diffuser 21 and a support structure 3 (e.g., a frame) for holding the diffuser 21, wherein the movable diffuser 21 is supported by an elastically deformable membrane 90 (which, for example, comprises or is formed from a polymer) such that the diffuser 21 is movable along a first direction of movement x extending along the support structure 3 and / or along a second direction of movement y extending along the support structure 3. The support structure 3 can comprise a printed circuit board. In particular, the support structure 3 can be a printed circuit board.

[0200] In particular, the diffuser 21 can be connected to a front face 90a of the membrane 90, especially via a spacer 95 (see figure). Fig. 13(B)), wherein the front face 90a of the membrane 90 points away from the support structure 3. The spacer 95 can be a double-sided adhesive tape or a plastic part.

[0201] Preferably, the diffuser 21 forms a cantilever and projects beyond the supporting structure 3 in a first direction D1, as shown in Fig. 13(A) shown.

[0202] Furthermore, the optical device 1 can also include a static diffuser 210, which is opposite the movable diffuser 21 (see Figure 1). Fig. 13(B)).

[0203] To move the diffuser 21 back and forth in the first and / or second direction of movement x, y, the optical device 1 comprises an actuator 5 which moves a coil assembly 80 connected to the support structure 3, as shown in Fig. 13(B) shown, and comprises a magnet 70 connected to the membrane 90 (or alternatively to the movable diffuser 21) such that the magnet 70 is opposite the coil arrangement 80. In particular, the coil arrangement is integrated into the supporting structure, especially the printed circuit board.

[0204] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 13(C), the coil arrangement 80 comprises a first layer 80a with a first and a second coil 800, 801 arranged side by side, such that a section 800a of the first coil 800 extends along an adjacent section 801a of the second coil 801, wherein in particular the first and the second coil 800, 801 are configured such that an electric current I flowing through the first and the second coil 800, 801 flows in the same direction in the adjacent sections 800a, 801a, and wherein the coil arrangement 80 comprises a second layer 80b, wherein the first and the second layer 80a, 80b are arranged one above the other, and wherein the second layer 80a comprises a third and a fourth coil 802, 803 arranged side by side, such that a section 802a of the third coil 802 extends along an adjacent section 803a extends to the fourth coil 803, in particular the third and fourth coils 802, 803 being configured such thatthat an electric current I flowing through the third and fourth coils 802, 803 flows in the same direction in section 802a of the third coil 802 and in the adjacent section 803a of the fourth coil 803, and wherein in a crossing region C of the coil arrangement 80, section 800a of the first coil 800 and section 801a of the second coil 801 each cross section 802a of the third coil 802 and section 803a of the fourth coil 802.

[0205] Furthermore, the magnet 70 has a magnetization M1 that points towards or away from the intersection area C of the coil arrangement 80. In particular, the magnetization M1 is preferably orthogonal to a rear side 70a of the magnet 70, wherein the rear side 70a faces the intersection area C of the coil arrangement 80 (see Figure 1). Fig. 13(B)).

[0206] Furthermore, the magnetization M1 is preferably orthogonal to an electric current I flowing through one of the sections 800a, 801a, 802a, 803a in the intersection area C of the coil arrangement 80.

[0207] Furthermore, the adjacent sections 800a, 801a of the first and second coils 800, 801 of the first layer 80a of the coil arrangement 80 preferably extend along the second direction of movement y. In addition, the adjacent sections 802a, 803a of the third and fourth coils 802, 803 of the second layer 80b of the coil arrangement 80 preferably extend along the first direction of movement x.

[0208] To move the diffuser 21 using the magnet 70 and the coils 800, 801, 802, 803, the optical device 1 is configured to apply an electric current I to the first and second coils 800, 801 of the first layer 80a of the coil arrangement 80, such that the electric current I flows in the same direction in the adjacent sections 800a, 801a of the first layer 80a of the first coil arrangement 80, so that a Lorentz force F L is generated, which moves the diffuser 21 along the first direction of movement x.

[0209] Similarly, the optical device 1 is preferably configured to apply an electric current I to the third and fourth coils 802, 803 of the second layer 80b of the coil arrangement 80, such that the electric current I flows in the adjacent sections 802a, 803a of the second layer 80b of the coil arrangement 80 in the same direction, so that a Lorentz force F Lis generated, which moves the diffuser 21 along the second direction of movement y.

[0210] In particular, the supporting structure 3 comprises a substrate 36, especially in the form of a printed circuit board, or is designed as such, wherein the coil arrangement 80 is integrated into this substrate 36.

[0211] Fig. 14(A) shows a modification of the in Fig. 13 embodiment shown, wherein here in contrast to Fig. 13 The diffuser 21, which is also supported on the support structure 3 by an elastically deformable membrane 90, projects beyond the support structure 3 in two opposite directions D1 and D2, so that light L can pass through the projecting parts of the diffuser 21 without being affected by the support structure 3. Possible dimensions of the device 1 are shown by way of example in Fig. 14(A) specified. Here too, the magnet 70 can be opposite a coil arrangement 80 of an actuator, which, as in connection with Fig. It can be configured as described in section 13. In particular, the projection of the diffuser in both directions D1, D2 increases the stability of the system.

[0212] Fig. 14(B) shows a modification of the in Fig. 14(A) shows the embodiment of the optical device 1. The optical device comprises a movable diffuser 21 for reducing speckle noise, wherein the diffuser is mounted on a support structure 3. One or more diaphragm units (including motors) can be used here to move the diffuser.

[0213] In particular, the support structure 3 defines at least one first and one second through-opening 3c, 31, which extend from a front 3a of the support structure 3 to a rear (not shown) of the support structure 3, wherein the movable diffuser 21 is arranged in front of the first (e.g., middle) through-opening 3c. In particular, the second through-opening 31 can also be a recess that does not extend completely through the support structure 3.

[0214] The movable diffuser 21 is supported on the support structure 3 by at least one elastically deformable membrane 90, which is connected to the support structure 3 such that it extends into or over the second through-opening 31. In particular, a magnet 70 is connected to the at least one elastically deformable membrane 90, the diffuser 21 being connected to the magnet 70 via at least one retaining element 96. Preferably, the magnet 70 is arranged such that it faces a coil arrangement 80 connected to the support structure 3. Here, too, the magnet 70 and the coil arrangement 80 can be part of a system connected to Fig. 13 described actuators form.

[0215] Furthermore, the optical device 1, as shown in Fig. As expressly shown in Figure 14(B), the device comprises a plurality of second through-openings or recesses 31 (e.g., four such through-openings 31), wherein each second through-opening 31 may be covered by the at least one elastically deformable membrane 90, and alternatively, wherein a separate elastically deformable membrane comprising or formed from a polymer may be arranged in or over each second through-opening 31. Furthermore, a magnet 70 is arranged in front of or within each second through-opening 31 and is connected to the at least one membrane 90 or the respective membrane 90, each magnet 70 being arranged in front of a coil arrangement 80. Furthermore, each magnet 70 is connected to the diffuser 21 via a retaining element 96 to hold the diffuser in front of the first (e.g., middle) through-opening 3c of the support structure 3.In particular, the respective coil arrangement 80 and the respective magnet 70, which is opposite the coil arrangement 80, can be part of a system described above in conjunction with . Fig. 13 described actuators form.

[0216] Furthermore, the second through-openings 31 can be arranged around the (e.g., central) first through-opening 3c. Thus, the diffuser can be moved by means of the actuator formed by the coil arrangements 80 and the associated magnets 70 according to the principles described here along a first direction of movement x, which extends along the support structure 3, and / or along a second direction of movement y, which extends along the support structure 3.

[0217] In particular, the supporting structure comprises 3 of the in Fig. 14 optical device 1 a substrate 36, in particular in the form of a printed circuit board, or is designed as such, wherein the coil arrangement 80 (or the coil arrangements 80) is integrated into this substrate 36.

[0218] Fig. Figure 15 shows a further embodiment of an optical device 1 for speckle noise suppression. Here too, the device 1 comprises a movable diffuser 21 (and an optional static diffuser 210, which is opposite the movable diffuser 21), wherein the diffuser 21 (and the static diffuser 210) are mounted on a support structure 3.

[0219] In particular, the support structure 3 defines a first, a second, and a third through-opening 31a, 31b, 31c, each extending from a front face 3a of the support structure 3 to a rear face 3b of the support structure 3, wherein the movable diffuser 21 is arranged in front of a recess 3c of the support structure 3 and wherein the movable diffuser 21 is supported on the support structure 3 by an elastically deformable membrane 90, which is connected to the support structure 3 so that it covers the through-openings 31a, 31b, 31c. Alternatively, the openings 31a, 31b, 31c can be covered by separate membranes. Furthermore, the through-openings 31a, 31b, 31c can also be designed as recesses that do not extend completely through the support structure 3.

[0220] Furthermore, a magnet 70 is connected to the membrane 90, which covers the first through-opening 31a and is arranged in front of the first through-opening 31a, wherein in particular the optical device 1 comprises a retaining element 96 that connects the diffuser 21 to the magnet 70. As shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 15, the retaining element 96 can comprise a first arm 96a connecting the magnet 70 to a first projection 961 of the retaining element 96, wherein the first projection 961 is supported on the diaphragm 90 and is located in front of the second through-opening 31b, and wherein the retaining element 96 can comprise a second arm 96b connecting the magnet 70 to a second projection 962 of the retaining element 96, wherein the second projection 962 is supported on the diaphragm 90, which is located in front of the third through-opening 31c. Furthermore, the diffuser 21 is connected to the first and second arms 96a, 96b, and the magnet 70 is arranged such that it faces a coil assembly 80 located in front of the opening 31a.

[0221] In particular, the in Fig. 14 The supporting structure 3 of the optical device 1 is a substrate 36, in particular in the form of a printed circuit board, or is designed as such, wherein the coil arrangement 80 is integrated into this substrate 36.

[0222] Furthermore, in particular the coil arrangement 80 and the magnet 70, which is opposite the coil arrangement 80, can be part of a system described above in conjunction with Fig. 13 described actuator for moving the diffuser 21 along the first and / or second direction of movement x, y.

[0223] Fig. Figure 16 shows a further embodiment of an optical device 1 of the present invention, which enables a tilting of an optical element 21 (e.g. a transparent plate 21) about two different axes A, A', so that the device can be used for pixel shifting / improving the resolution of an image as described herein.

[0224] In particular, the optical device 1 comprises according to Fig. 16. A transparent plate 21 for refracting a light beam L passing through the plate 21, wherein the plate 21 is tiltable and wherein the plate 21 comprises a first end section 21e and an opposite second end section 21f. The transparent plate 21 can be a glass plate 21.

[0225] Furthermore, the optical device 1 comprises a first spring structure 400 and an opposing second spring structure 500, wherein the first spring structure 400 comprises an elongated first retaining arm 401 which is connected to the first end section 21e of the plate 21, and wherein the second spring structure 500 comprises an elongated second retaining arm 501 which is connected to the second end section 21f of the plate 21. In particular, the plate 21 is bonded to the retaining arms 401, 501.

[0226] The first retaining arm 401 is connected via a first rod 402 to a first bendable element 403 of the first spring structure 400 and via a second rod 404 to a second bendable element 405 of the first spring structure 400, wherein the second retaining arm 501 is connected via a third rod 502 to a third bendable element 503 of the second spring structure 500 and via a fourth rod 504 to a fourth bendable element 505 of the second spring structure 500.

[0227] Furthermore, the first bendable element 403 comprises an upper section 403a and a pillar 403b extending perpendicular to the upper section 403a of the first bendable element 403, the pillar 403b of the first bendable element 403 connecting the upper section 403a of the first bendable element 403 to a lower section 406 of the first spring structure 400.

[0228] Similarly, the second flexible element 405 comprises an upper section 405a and a pillar 405b extending perpendicular to the upper section 405a of the second flexible element 405, the pillar 405b of the second flexible element 405 connecting the upper section 405a of the second flexible element 405 to the lower section 406 of the first spring structure 400.

[0229] Furthermore, the third bendable element 503 comprises an upper section 503a and a pillar 503b extending perpendicular to the upper section 503a of the third bendable element 503, the pillar 503b of the third bendable element 503 connecting the upper section 503a of the third bendable element 503 to a lower section 506 of the second spring structure 500.

[0230] Similarly, the fourth flexible element 505 comprises an upper section 505a and a pillar 505b extending perpendicular to the upper section 505a of the fourth flexible element 505, the pillar 505b of the fourth flexible element 505 connecting the upper section 505a of the fourth flexible element 505 to the lower section 506 of the second spring structure 500.

[0231] To tilt the plate 21, the optical device 1 comprises according to Fig. 16 an actuator 5 comprising a first and a second coil 60, 61, which are arranged on the lower section 406 of the first spring structure 400 such that the upper section 403a of the first bendable element 403 faces the first coil 60 and forms a first air gap G with the first coil 60, and the upper section 405a of the second bendable element 405 faces the second coil 61 and forms a second air gap G' with the second coil 61.

[0232] Similarly, the actuator 5 further comprises a third and a fourth coil 62, 63, which are arranged on the lower section 506 of the second spring structure 500 such that the upper section 503a of the third bendable element 503 faces the third coil 62 and forms a third air gap G'' with the third coil 62, and such that the upper section 505a of the fourth bendable element 505 faces the fourth coil 63 and forms a fourth air gap G''' with the fourth coil 63.

[0233] These air gaps G, G', G'', G''' are preferably used to generate forces to tilt the plate 21, as described below.

[0234] For this purpose, the first spring structure 400 is configured to conduct the magnetic flux generated by the first or second coil 60, 61 (when an electric current is applied to the first or second coil), and the second spring structure 500 is configured to conduct the magnetic flux generated by the third or fourth coil 62, 63 (when an electric current is applied to the third or fourth coil). In other words, each spring structure 400, 500 also forms a return structure for the magnetic flux.

[0235] In particular, the optical device 1 is configured to apply an electric current to the respective coil 60, 61, 62, 63, such that the respective coil 60, 61, 62, 63 attracts the upper section 403a, 405a, 503a, 505a of the associated flexible section 403, 405, 503, 505 due to a reluctance force generated by the respective coil 60, 61, 62, 63 of the actuator 5.

[0236] In particular, the optical device 1 is configured to apply an electric current to the first and second coils 60, 61 or to the third and fourth coils 62, 63 in order to tilt the plate 21 about a first axis A extending parallel to the holding arms 401, 501.

[0237] Furthermore, the optical device 1 is configured to apply an electric current to the first and third coils 60, 62 or to the second and fourth coils 61, 63 in order to tilt the plate about a second axis A' which is perpendicular to the holding arms 401, 501.

[0238] Preferably, each coil 60, 61, 62, 63 comprises a coil core 64 which extends perpendicularly to the upper section 403a, 405a, 503a, 505a of the respective bendable element 403, 405, 503, 505.

[0239] Furthermore, the actuator 5 preferably comprises a first substrate 36a, wherein the first and second coils 60, 61 are integrated into the first substrate 36a (the first substrate 36a can be a printed circuit board), and a second substrate 36b, wherein the third and fourth coils 62, 63 are integrated into the second substrate 36b (the second substrate 36b can also be a printed circuit board).

[0240] To connect the substrates 36a, 36b with the respective spring structure 400, 500, the first spring structure 400 comprises a first locking arm 407 for engaging with the first substrate 36a of the actuator 5, wherein the first locking arm 407 projects between the first and the second bendable element 403, 405 of the first spring structure 400, and the second spring structure 500 comprises a second locking arm 507 for engaging with the second substrate 36b of the actuator 5, wherein the second locking arm 507 projects from the lower section 506 of the second spring structure 500 between the third and the fourth bendable element 503, 505 of the second spring structure 500. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] US 7,279,812

[0002] US 5,402,184

[0002] US 2011 / 0043768

[0006] WO 2010078662

[0006]

Claims

[1] Optical device (1) comprising: - an optical element (21) configured to interact with a light beam (L) when the light beam hits the optical element (21), - a supporting structure (3) configured to support the optical element (21), - at least one elastic element (600, 90) connected to the supporting structure (3) and the optical element (21) such that the optical element (21) is movable with respect to the supporting structure (3), - an actuator (5) configured to move the optical element (21) by means of a Lorentz force, wherein the actuator (5) comprises a first coil (60) and a second coil (61), each coil comprising several turns, the turns of the respective coil (60, 61) extending around a winding axis (W) of the respective coil (60, 61), the coils (60, 61) being integrated into the supporting structure (3), and wherein the actuator (5) comprises a first magnet (70) facing the first coil (60) and a second magnet (71) facing the second coil (61), the first and second magnets (70, 71) being connected to the optical element (21), and wherein the magnets (70, 71) each have a magnetization (M1, M2) perpendicular to the winding axes (W) of the coils (60, 61) extending plane at an angle (α) between 80° and 100°, wherein the supporting structure is a supporting frame (3),which is configured to support the optical element (21), wherein the support structure (3) surrounds an opening (31) of the support structure (3) extending from a front (3a) of the support structure (3) to a rear (3b) of the support structure (3) so that light can pass through the support structure (3), wherein the at least one elastic element is a first spring structure (600) connected to the front (3a) of the support frame (3), wherein the first spring structure (600) comprises a first frame (607) to which the optical element (21) is connected, wherein the first frame is tiltable about a first axis (A) with respect to the support frame (3), and wherein the actuator is configured to tilt the optical element about the first axis (A), wherein the support frame (3) comprises a first arm (350) opposite a second arm (351) of the support frame (3), and wherein the first arm (350) and the second arm (351) by a third and a fourth arm (352,353) of the support frame (3), and wherein the optical element is a transparent plate (21) for refracting a light ray (L) when the light ray passes through the plate (21). [2] Optical device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the supporting structure (3) consists of or comprises a printed circuit board. [3] Optical device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by, that the first spring structure (600) comprises a first retaining element (602) which is connected to the first frame (607) via a first torsion bar (601), and wherein the first spring structure (600) comprises a second retaining element (604) which is connected to the first frame (607) via a second torsion bar (603), wherein the first retaining element (602) is connected to the third arm (352) of the support frame (3) at the front of the support frame (3), and wherein the second retaining element (604) is connected to the fourth arm (353) of the support frame (3) at the front of the support frame (3). [4] Optical device according to claim 3, characterized by , that the first torsion bar (601) and the second torsion bar (602) are aligned along the first axis (A). [5] Optical device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the first coil (60) is an L-shaped first coil (60) comprising a first section (60a) integrated into the first arm (350) of the support frame (3) and a second section (60b) perpendicular to the first section (60a) of the first coil (60), wherein the second section (60b) of the first coil (60) is integrated into the fourth arm (353) of the support frame (3) and wherein the second coil (61) is an L-shaped second coil (61) comprising a first section (61a) integrated into the second arm (351) of the support frame (3) and a second section (61b) perpendicular to the first section (61a) of the second coil (61), wherein the second section (61b) of the second coil (61) is integrated into the third arm (352) of the support frame (3). [6] Optical device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by, that the optical device (1) comprises a third magnet (72) facing the second coil (61) and a fourth magnet (73) facing the first coil (60), wherein the third and fourth magnets (72, 73) are connected to the first frame (607) and wherein the first magnet (70) is opposite the first section (60a) of the first coil (60) and wherein the second magnet (71) is opposite the first section (61a) of the second coil (61) and wherein the third magnet (72) is opposite the second section (61b) of the second coil (61) and wherein the fourth magnet (73) is facing the second section (60b) of the first coil (60), wherein in particular the third and fourth magnets (72, 73) each have a magnetization (M3, M4) which is oriented with respect to said plane at an angle (α) between 80° and 100°. [7] Optical device according to claim 6, characterized by, that the first magnet (70) faces the first section (60a) of the first coil (60), such that a magnetic field (B) generated by the first magnet (70) has a vector component parallel to the support frame (3) and perpendicular to a current (I) flowing through the first section (60a) of the first coil (60), at the location of the first section (60a) of the first coil (60), such that a Lorentz force (F L) is generated when an electric current (I) is applied to the first coil (60), which pushes the first magnet (70) away from the first section (60a) of the first coil (60) or attracts the first magnet (70) towards the first section (60a) of the first coil (60), depending on the direction of the electric current (I) in the first section (60a) of the first coil (60) and / or wherein the fourth magnet (73) faces the second section (60b) of the first coil (60) such that a magnetic field (B) generated by the fourth magnet (73) has a vector component parallel to the support frame (3) and perpendicular to a current (I) flowing through the second section (60b) of the first coil (60), at the location of the second section (60b) of the first coil (60), such that a Lorentz force (F) L) is generated when an electric current (I) is applied to the first coil (60), which pushes the fourth magnet (73) away from the second section (60b) of the first coil (60) or attracts the fourth magnet (73) towards the second section (60b) of the first coil (60), depending on the direction of the electric current (I) in the second section (60b) of the first coil (60), and / or wherein the second magnet (71) faces the first section (61a) of the second coil (61), such that a magnetic field (B) generated by the second magnet (71) has a vector component parallel to the support frame (3) and perpendicular to a current (I) flowing through the first section (61a) of the second coil (61), at the location of the first section (61a) of the second coil (61), such that a Lorentz force (F) L) is generated when an electric current (I) is applied to the second coil (61), which pushes the second magnet (71) away from the first section (61a) of the second coil (61) or attracts the second magnet (71) towards the first section (61a) of the second coil (61), depending on the direction of the electric current (I) in the first section (61a) of the second coil (61) and / or wherein the third magnet (72) is opposite the second section (61b) of the second coil (61), such that a magnetic field (B) generated by the third magnet (72) has a vector component parallel to the support frame (3) and perpendicular to a current (I) flowing through the second section (61b) of the second coil (61), at the location of the second section (61b) of the second coil (61), such that a Lorentz force (F) L) is generated when an electric current (I) is applied to the second coil (61), which pushes the third magnet (72) away from the second section (61b) of the second coil (61) or pulls the third magnet (72) towards the second section (61b) of the second coil (61), depending on the direction of the electric current (I) in the second section (61b) of the second coil (61). [8] Optical device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by, that the first coil is an outer coil (60) and that the second coil (61) is an inner coil, wherein the outer coil (60) surrounds the inner coil (61) and wherein the outer coil (60) comprises a first section (60a) and an opposite second section (60b), and wherein the inner coil (61) comprises a first section (61a) and an opposite second section (61b), wherein the first section (60a) of the outer coil (60) extends adjacent to the first section (61a) of the inner coil (60), and wherein the second section (60b) of the outer coil (60) extends adjacent to the second section (61b) of the inner coil (61). [9] Optical device according to claim 8, characterized by, that the outer coil (60) comprises a third section (60c) connecting the first section (60a) of the outer coil (60) to the second section (60b) of the outer coil (60), and wherein the inner coil (61) comprises a third section (61c) extending adjacent to the third section (60c) of the outer coil (60), wherein the third section (61c) of the inner coil (61) connecting the first section (61a) of the inner coil (61) to the second section (61b) of the inner coil (60), and wherein the outer coil (60) comprises a fourth section (60d) connecting the first section (60a) of the outer coil (60) to the second section (60b) of the outer coil (60), and wherein the inner coil (61) comprises a fourth section (61d) extending adjacent to the fourth section (60d) of the outer coil (60),wherein the fourth section (61d) of the inner coil (61) connects the first section (61a) of the inner coil (61) to the second section (61b) of the inner coil (61). [10] Optical device according to claim 9, characterized by , that the first sections (60a, 61a) of the outer and inner coil (60, 61) are integrated into the first arm (350) of the support structure (3), wherein the second sections (60b, 61b) of the outer and inner coil (60, 61) are integrated into the second arm (351) of the support structure (3), wherein the third sections (60c, 61c) of the outer and inner coil (60, 61) are integrated into the third arm (352) of the support structure (3), and wherein the fourth sections (60d, 61d) of the outer and inner coil (60, 61) are integrated into the fourth arm (353) of the support structure (3). [11] Optical device according to any one of claims 9 to 10, characterized by, that the optical device (1) comprises a third magnet (72) connected to the first frame (607) and a fourth magnet (73) connected to the first frame (607), wherein the first magnet (70) faces the first sections (60a, 61a) of the outer coil (60) and the inner coil (60, 61) in a direction perpendicular to a front face (3a) of the support structure (3), and wherein the second magnet (71) faces the second sections (60b, 61b) of the outer and the inner coil (60, 61) in a direction perpendicular to a front face (3a) of the support structure (3), and wherein the third magnet (72) faces the third sections (60c, 61c) of the outer coil and the inner coil (60, 61) in a direction perpendicular to a front face (3a) of the support structure (3), and wherein the fourth magnet (73) faces the fourth sections (60d, 61d) of the outer and inner coil (60,61) is oriented in a direction perpendicular to a front face (3a) of the supporting structure (3), and wherein in particular the third and fourth magnets each have a magnetization (M3, M4) which is oriented with respect to the said plane at an angle (α) between 80° and 100°. [12] Optical device according to claim 11, characterized by , that the first magnet (70) comprises a first magnetization (M1), and wherein the second magnet (71) comprises a second magnetization (M2), and wherein the third magnet (73) comprises a third magnetization (M3), and wherein the fourth magnet (73) comprises a fourth magnetization (M4), and wherein the respective magnetization (M1, M2, M3, M4) extends orthogonally to the optical element (21), and wherein the first and fourth magnetizations (M1, M4) point in the same direction, while the second and third magnetizations (M2, M3) point in opposite directions. [13] Optical device according to claim 11 or 12, characterized by, that the first magnet (70) faces the first sections (60a, 61a) of the outer and inner coils (60, 61) and the fourth magnet (73) faces the fourth sections (60d, 61d) of the outer and inner coils (60, 61), such that a magnetic field (B) generated by the first magnet (70) has a vector component parallel to the support structure (3) and perpendicular to a current (I) flowing through the first section (60a) of the outer coil (60) and an opposite current (I') flowing through the first section (61a) of the inner coil (61), and such that a magnetic field (B) generated by the fourth magnet (73) has a vector component parallel to the support structure (3) and perpendicular to a current (I) flowing through the fourth section (60d) of the outer coil (60) and an opposite current (I') flowing through the fourth section (61d) of the inner coil (61) flows, so that a resultant Lorentz force (F L) is generated, which pushes the first magnet (70) away from the first sections (60a, 61a) of the outer and inner coil (60, 61) and the fourth magnet (73) away from the fourth sections (60d, 61d) of the outer and inner coil (60, 61) or attracts the first magnet (70) to the first sections (60a, 61a) of the outer and inner coil (60, 61) and the fourth magnet (73) to the fourth sections (60d, 61d) of the outer and inner coil (60, 61);and / or that the third magnet (72) faces the third sections (60c, 61c) of the outer and inner coils (60, 61) and the second magnet (71) faces the second sections (60b, 61b) of the outer and inner coils (60, 61), such that a magnetic field (B) generated by the third magnet (72) has a vector component parallel to the support structure (3) and perpendicular to a current (I) flowing through the third section (60c) of the outer coil (60) and an opposite current (I') flowing through the third section (61c) of the inner coil (61), and such that a magnetic field (B) generated by the second magnet (71) has a vector component parallel to the support structure (3) and perpendicular to a current (I) flowing through the second section (60b) of the outer coil (60) and an opposite current (I') flowing through the second section (61b) the inner coil (61) flows, so that a resultant Lorentz force (F; L) is generated, which pushes the third magnet (72) away from the third sections (60c, 61c) of the outer and inner coils (60, 61) and the second magnet (71) away from the second sections (60b, 61b) of the outer and inner coils (60, 61) or attracts the third magnet (72) to the third sections (60c, 61c) of the outer and inner coils (60, 61) and the second magnet (71) to the second sections (60b, 61b) of the outer and inner coils (60, 61). [14] Optical device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by , that the optical device (1) comprises a transparent second plate (210) for refracting the light beam (L) when the light beam passes through the second plate (210), wherein the first plate (21) is opposite the second plate (210) and wherein the support frame (3) is configured to support the second plate (210). [15] Optical device according to claim 14, characterized by, that the optical device comprises a second spring structure (700) connected to the rear (3b) of the support frame (3), wherein the second spring structure (700) comprises a second frame to which the second plate (210) is connected, wherein the second frame (707) is tiltable about a second axis (A') with respect to the support frame, and wherein the actuator (5) is configured to tilt the second plate (210) about the second axis (A') by means of a Lorentz force. [16] Optical device according to 15, characterized by, that the actuator (5) comprises a third (62) and a fourth coil (63), wherein the third and fourth coils (62, 63) each have several turns extending around a winding axis (W) of the respective coil (62, 63), the winding axes extending perpendicular to the plane, wherein the third and fourth coils (62, 63) are integrated into the support frame (3), and wherein the actuator comprises a third magnet (72) facing the third coil (63) and a fourth magnet (73) facing the fourth coil (63), and wherein the third and fourth magnets are connected to the second frame (707), and wherein in particular the third and fourth magnets each have a magnetization (M3, M4) oriented with respect to the said plane at an angle (α) between 80° and 100°. [17] Optical device according to claim 16, characterized by, that the third coil (62) is integrated into the third arm (352), and wherein the fourth coil (63) is integrated into the fourth arm (353) of the support frame (3). [18] Optical device according to any one of claims 15 to 17, characterized by , that the second spring structure (700) comprises a third retaining element (702) which is connected to the second frame (707) via a third torsion bar (701), and wherein the second spring structure (700) comprises a fourth retaining element (704) which is connected to the second frame (707) via a fourth torsion bar (703), wherein the third retaining element (702) is connected to the first arm (350) of the support frame (3) on the rear (3b) of the support frame (3), and wherein the fourth retaining element (704) is connected to the second arm (351) of the support frame (3) on the rear (3b) of the support frame (3). [19] Optical device according to claim 18, characterized by, that the third torsion bar (701) and the fourth torsion bar (703) are aligned along the second axis (A'). [20] Optical device according to claim 16 or according to any one of claims 17 to 19, insofar as these are related back to claim 16, characterized by, that the respective magnet (70, 71, 72, 73) is oriented towards the respective coil (60, 61, 62, 63) such that a magnetic field (B) generated by the respective magnet (70, 71, 72, 73) has a vector component parallel to the support frame (3) and perpendicular to a current (I) flowing through the respective coil (60, 61, 62, 63) at the location of the respective coil (60, 61, 62, 63), so that a Lorentz force is generated when an electric current is applied to the respective coil (60, 61, 62, 63), which pushes the respective magnet (70, 71, 72, 73) away from the respective coil (60, 61, 62, 63) or pushes the respective magnet (70, 71, 72, 73) towards the respective coil (60, 61, 62, 63) is pulled in the direction of the electric current (I) in the respective coil (60, 61, 62, 63). [21] Optical device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the optical device comprises a static diffuser (211) facing the optical element (21). [22] Optical device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the at least one elastic element comprises one of the following elements: a polymer, a metal, a composite material, a composite material, a carbon fiber composite, a fiber-reinforced composite, a fiber-reinforced polymer. [23] Optical device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the at least one elastic element is one of the following elements or comprises one of the following elements: an elastically deformable membrane, an elastically deformable cord (90); an elastically deformable, in particular flexible, column (90).

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