A system for calculating the surface water area

Abstract

A system (100) for calculating the surface area of ​​a body of water, wherein the system comprises: a satellite image acquisition module (102) configured to acquire high-resolution images of bodies of water using both active and passive sensors; a selection module (104) connected to the satellite image acquisition module (102) to select bands of images of bodies of water; a calculation module (106) connected to the selection module (104) and configured to calculate a normalized differential water index (NDWI) from the selected bands using green and near-infrared (NIR) bands; a water pixel extraction module (108) connected to the computation module (106) and configured to apply a threshold to the NDWI data and generate a binary mask to highlight water pixels; a masking module (110) connected to the water pixel extraction module (108) and configured to select a reservoir shape file on the NDWI image in order to delimit water pixels within the reservoir after applying the mask; and a surface calculation module (112) that is connected to the masking module (110) and configured to count the water pixels within the shape file mask and calculate the corresponding water surface area in real units.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of image processing systems. More specifically, the present invention relates to an image-based system for calculating surface water area, referred to as Mahajyoti. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Urban development strategies often depend on effective water resource management, especially in areas that rely on reservoirs and dams. Understanding and monitoring water levels in these reservoirs is critical, as rainfall is the primary source of replenishment. Water levels typically rise during the monsoon season, but to meet the city's water needs, continuous monitoring of reservoir water levels is necessary throughout the year.

[0003] Dams and reservoirs are crucial for a steady water supply, especially in urban areas. They store excess water during the rainy season and release it during drier periods to meet the needs of agriculture, industry, and households. As urban areas expand, water demand increases, making accurate monitoring and management of the water surface of these reservoirs essential.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need to develop remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) that provide effective solutions for water resources management and analysis and enable precise measurement and monitoring of water levels and water surfaces, which is crucial for ensuring sustainable water supply.

[0005] The technical advances disclosed by the present invention overcome the limitations and disadvantages of existing and conventional systems and methods. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] The present invention relates to a system for calculating surface water area called Mahajyoti.

[0007] An object of the present invention is to provide accurate water surface measurement by utilizing satellite imagery and remote sensing technologies for effective water resource management, particularly in urban areas with fluctuating water demand.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to continuously monitor and report changes in the water level of reservoirs to ensure a reliable water supply.

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to support water resource management, including identifying rainwater harvesting zones and assessing water availability through remote sensing and GIS technologies.

[0010] Another objective of the present invention is to better understand and predict water demand based on reservoir data and land use changes for sustainable development and water resource planning.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to integrate soil information and soil condition data into water resource management systems to improve runoff calculations and water availability forecasts.

[0012] Another objective of the present invention is to evaluate the sustainability and effectiveness of existing water infrastructure such as dams and reservoirs using satellite imagery and GIS to maintain and improve the infrastructure to ensure long-term water sustainability.

[0013] Another object of the present invention is to enable efficient data collection and analysis in remote or hard-to-reach areas through the use of satellite imagery and remote sensing technologies that enable access to remote regions.

[0014] The present invention discloses a system for managing water resources by analyzing surface water areas in dams and reservoirs, the system comprising: a satellite image acquisition module configured to acquire high-resolution images of water bodies using both active and passive sensors; a selection module connected to the satellite image acquisition module for selecting bands of the water body images; a calculation module connected to the selection module for calculating a normalized difference water index (NDWI) from the selected bands using green and near-infrared (NIR) bands; a water pixel extraction module connected to the calculation module for applying a threshold to the NDWI data and generating a binary mask for highlighting water pixels;a masking module connected to the water pixel extraction module for selecting a reservoir shapefile on the NDWI image to delineate water pixels within the reservoir when applying the mask; and a surface area calculation module connected to the masking module for counting the water pixels within the shapefile mask and calculating the corresponding surface water area in real-world units.

[0015] To further clarify the advantages and features of the present invention, a more detailed description of the invention will be given with reference to specific embodiments thereof, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that these drawings represent only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting its scope. The invention will be described and explained in additional detail and in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURE

[0016] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become more readily understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like characters represent like parts throughout. Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a system for calculating the surface area of ​​a body of water. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that elements in the drawing are shown for convenience and may not necessarily be drawn to scale. Furthermore, with respect to the construction of the device, one or more components of the device may be represented in the drawing by conventional symbols, and the drawing may show only the specific details relevant to understanding the embodiments of the present disclosure in order not to clutter the drawing with details that would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art who would benefit from the description herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION:

[0017] To facilitate an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the drawings and described in specific language. It is to be understood, however, that no limitation on the scope of the invention is intended thereby, since such changes and further modifications of the illustrated system and such further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated therein are contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.

[0018] It will be understood by one skilled in the art that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory of the invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.

[0019] References in this specification to "one aspect," "another aspect," or similar expressions mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the occurrences of the terms "in one embodiment," "in another embodiment," and similar expressions throughout this specification may or may not all refer to the same embodiment.

[0020] The terms "comprises," "comprising," or other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method comprising a list of steps not only includes those steps, but may also include other steps not expressly listed or inherent in such process or method. Likewise, one or more devices or subsystems or elements or structures or components preceded by "comprises...a" does not preclude, without further limitation, the existence of other devices or other subsystems or other elements or other structures or other components or additional devices or additional subsystems or additional elements or additional structures or additional components.

[0021] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The system, methods, and examples provided herein are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered limiting.

[0022] Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Fig.1 shows a block diagram of a system (100) for calculating the surface area of ​​a body of water, the system comprising: a satellite image acquisition module (102) configured to acquire high-resolution images of bodies of water using both active and passive sensors; a selection module (104) connected to the satellite image acquisition module (102) for selecting bands of the images of bodies of water; a calculation module (106) connected to the selection module (104) for calculating a normalized difference water index (NDWI) from the selected bands using green and near-infrared (NIR) bands; a water pixel extraction module (108) connected to the calculation module (106) for applying a threshold to the NDWI data and generating a binary mask for highlighting water pixels;a masking module (110) connected to the water pixel extraction module (108) for selecting a reservoir shapefile on the NDWI image to delineate water pixels within the reservoir when applying the mask; and a surface area calculation module (112) connected to the masking module (110) and configured to count the water pixels within the shapefile mask and calculate the corresponding water surface area in real units.

[0024] In one embodiment, the system comprises: using time-series satellite imagery to analyze temporal changes in water surfaces over multiple time periods, thereby providing insights into seasonal variations, droughts, or floods.

[0025] In one embodiment, the masking module (110) checks the accuracy of the shape file to ensure that it correctly represents the boundaries of the reservoir.

[0026] In one embodiment, a temporal analysis module (114) is configured to process and compare satellite images taken at different times to monitor changes in water surfaces and analyze trends over time.

[0027] In one embodiment, the surface area calculation module (112) includes a conversion function for converting pixel numbers into real measurements based on known scaling factors or geographic coordinates.

[0028] In one embodiment, an integration module (114) is configured to combine RS data with GIS for enhanced spatial analysis, including applications in watershed management, flood risk assessment, and urban planning.

[0029] In one embodiment, water pixel extraction includes generating a binary mask to isolate water pixels and applying the mask to the NDWI image to identify bodies of water within the reservoir shapefile.

[0030] In one embodiment, the NDWI index is primarily a type of ratio index. NDWI is a normalized difference water index used to identify water bodies. It is calculated using the green and NIR bands and using the ratio index type. In this method, the NDWI of a satellite image is calculated using the green and NIR bands. We calculate the ratio of these two bands, then extract water pixels from the resulting NDWI image, then select the shape file of the respective image, and after applying the mask, apply a mask to the water pixel image to obtain water pixels of the selected reservoir. The final step is to determine the pixel count of two classes: one of which is water pixels, the other is the rest of the image. The number of water pixels is passed to calculate the surface water area feature.The pixel size is 30 meters, so the calculation of the surface water area is:. Landsat data SWA = (number of pixels * 30 * 30) 1000000

[0031] If the satellite sensor has a resolution of 10 meters, the formula for the water surface changes to Sentinel−2 data SWA = (number of pixels ∗ 10 ∗ 10) 1000000

[0032] The result is in km2. The surface area is determined by selecting two bands and one shape file. The surface water area is calculated within one minute using a satellite image. Only the corresponding reservoir shape file may be selected during the process.

[0033] The drawings and the foregoing description provide examples of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will recognize that one or more of the described elements may well be combined into a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements may be separated into multiple functional elements. Elements from one embodiment may be added to another embodiment. For example, orders of the processes described herein may be changed and are not limited to the manner described herein. Furthermore, the actions of any flowchart need not be implemented in the order shown; nor do all actions necessarily need to be performed. Also, those actions that are not dependent on other actions may be performed in parallel with the other actions. The scope of the embodiments is in no way limited by these specific examples.Numerous variations, whether explicitly stated in the specification or not, such as differences in structure, dimension and material use, are possible. REFERENCES 100 A system for calculating the surface area of ​​a body of water. 102 Satellite image acquisition module 104 Selection module 106 Calculation module 108 water pixel extraction module 110 Masking module 112 Surface calculation module 114 An integration module

Claims

[1] A system (100) for calculating the surface area of ​​a water body, the system comprising: a satellite image acquisition module (102) configured to acquire high-resolution images of bodies of water using both active and passive sensors; a selection module (104) connected to the satellite image acquisition module (102) for selecting bands of the images of bodies of water; a calculation module (106) connected to the selection module (104) and configured to calculate a normalized difference water index (NDWI) from the selected bands using green and near-infrared (NIR) bands; a water pixel extraction module (108) connected to the calculation module (106) and configured to apply a threshold to the NDWI data and generate a binary mask for highlighting water pixels; a masking module (110) connected to the water pixel extraction module (108) and configured to select a reservoir shape file on the NDWI image to delineate water pixels within the reservoir after applying the mask; and a surface calculation module (112) connected to the masking module (110) and configured to count the water pixels within the shape file mask and calculate the corresponding water surface area in real units. [2] System according to claim 1, wherein the system comprises: Use of time-series satellite images to analyze temporal changes in water surfaces over multiple periods to gain insights into seasonal fluctuations, droughts, or floods. [3] The system of claim 1, wherein the masking module (110) checks the accuracy of the shape file to ensure that it correctly represents the boundaries of the reservoir. [4] The system of claim 1, wherein a temporal analysis module (114) is configured to process and compare satellite images taken at different times to monitor changes in water surfaces and analyze trends over time. [5] The system of claim 1, wherein the surface area calculation module (112) includes a conversion function to convert the pixel count into real measurements based on known scale factors or geographic coordinates. [6] The system of claim 1, further comprising: an integration module (114) configured to combine RS data with GIS for enhanced spatial analysis, including applications in watershed management, flood risk assessment, and urban planning. [7] The system of claim 1, wherein water pixel extraction comprises generating a binary mask to isolate water pixels and applying the mask to the NDWI image to identify water bodies within the reservoir shapefile.

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