Autonomous system for biodiversity monitoring using hierarchical sensor cascade and adaptive threshold adjustment

Abstract

Device for autonomous biodiversity monitoring, comprising a housing, a power supply (10) and a sensor arrangement, characterized in that the sensor arrangement is controlled by a hierarchical trigger logic comprising at least three stages: a first stage with a passive infrared sensor (12), a second stage with an acoustic sensor (14) for frequency validation and a third stage with an image sensor (16) for visual classification, wherein each subsequent stage is activated only after successful validation by the preceding stage.

Description

Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to a device for autonomous monitoring of biodiversity, in particular an energy-efficient system for the acoustic and visual identification of animal species in remote areas using edge-based technology and optimized telemetry. State of the art

[0002] Current wildlife monitoring systems suffer from high energy consumption and limited battery life. Conventional camera traps or acoustic recorders are either permanently active or triggered by simple sensors, which leads to numerous false alarms due to wind or vegetation movement. Furthermore, existing systems typically require a mobile network infrastructure for data transmission, which is often unavailable in remote areas. Object of the invention

[0003] The invention is based on the objective of providing a monitoring system that enables an extremely long operating time, minimizes false triggers due to environmental factors and ensures reliable data transmission over long distances without a mobile network. Solution of the task and technical execution

[0004] The task is solved by the features of the protection claims. The system includes a power supply (10) that feeds a hierarchical trigger logic. In a first state ("Deep Sleep"), only a passive infrared sensor (12) is active.

[0005] When the sensor (12) detects heat movement, an acoustic processor (14) is activated. This performs a frequency analysis to validate bird-specific signals. Only after successful validation is the Edge-Kl unit with camera (16) activated to perform a visual species identification.

[0006] A key aspect of the invention is the "Environmental Auto-Leveling" (EAL) logic. The system continuously measures the background noise and dynamically adjusts the trigger thresholds (22, 24) to prevent false triggering. The results are transmitted via a LoRa transmitter module (18) to a mobile receiver (26), with the spreading factor being adaptively adjusted. Brief description of the drawings

[0007] The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments. The figures show: • Fig. 1: A block diagram of the system architecture and hierarchical logic. • Fig. 2: A flowchart of the EAL algorithm for threshold adjustment. • Fig. 3: A schematic view of the hardware device and receiver. Reference symbol list 10 Energy supply / Solar module 12 PIR sensors (level 1) 14 Acoustic Processor (Level 2) 16 Edge-Kr unit / camera (Level 3) 18 LoRa transmitter modules 20. Measurement of ambient noise 22 Calculation of the dynamic threshold 24 decision nodes (signal > threshold) 26 Mobile receiver / pager

Claims

Device for autonomous biodiversity monitoring, comprising a housing, a power supply (10) and a sensor arrangement, characterized in that the sensor arrangement is controlled by a hierarchical trigger logic comprising at least three stages: a first stage with a passive infrared sensor (12), a second stage with an acoustic sensor (14) for frequency validation and a third stage with an image sensor (16) for visual classification, wherein each subsequent stage is activated only after successful validation by the preceding stage. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a control unit configured to execute an Environmental Auto-Leveling (EAL) algorithm which dynamically adjusts the trigger thresholds (22) of the acoustic and visual sensors based on the detected ambient noise (20) to maintain a constant signal-to-noise ratio. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises a long-range radio module (18) (LoRa) configured to perform a bidirectional handshake with a mobile receiver (26), wherein the spreading factor is adaptively changed based on the success of the data packet acknowledgment.

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