Access control system for buildings

Abstract

Access control system (1) for buildings (2) with a stationary unit (20) and a mobile unit (10), wherein the mobile unit (10) has a mobile transceiver (11) which is designed to wirelessly and encryptedly transmit signals (S) for authentication and authorization of the mobile unit (10) with respect to the stationary unit (20) and for control of the stationary unit (20) by the mobile unit (10) to an antenna array (23A) of the stationary unit (20), which is signal-connected to a stationary transceiver (21) of the stationary unit (20), wherein the stationary unit (20) comprises a control device (22) which is designed to determine a position of the mobile unit (10) relative to the stationary unit (20) from the signals (S) transmitted from the mobile transceiver (11) to the stationary transceiver (21) and to control a function if a control command for triggering the function is transmitted to the stationary unit (20) by a mobile unit (10) authenticated and authorized by the stationary unit (20) and / or the position of the mobile unit (10) is within a predetermined access area (30), and wherein the control device (22) is designed to determine an angle (Φ) from which the signals (S) were received from the signals (S) transmitted from the mobile transceiver (11) to the stationary transceiver (21) and angle correction values stored in the control device (22) for signal propagation times of the signal (S) between the antenna array (23A) and the stationary transceiver (21), and to determine a distance (r) between the stationary transceiver (21) and the mobile transceiver (11) from a signal (S) received at the stationary transceiver (21) from the mobile transceiver (11) and distance correction values stored in the control device (22) for signal propagation times of the signal (S) between the antenna array (23A) and the stationary transceiver (21), so that the position of the mobile unit (10) can be specified as polar coordinates of a polar coordinate system lying in a horizontal plane, in the coordinate origin of which the stationary transceiver (21) is arranged.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an access control system for buildings.

[0002] An access control system within the meaning of the invention is understood to mean systems that have a stationary or fixed unit and a mobile unit that can be carried by a user, and in which said units communicate wirelessly with each other for the authentication and authorization of the mobile unit, and thus of the user, vis-à-vis the stationary unit. Based on the authentication and authorization, the stationary unit controls various functions and, in particular, the release or locking of an associated access, for example, a door or gate. Going beyond most conventional access systems, the access system according to the invention also provides for position determination, as explained in more detail below.

[0003] Wireless access control systems are state of the art and are known, for example, from the documents WO 2023 / 222462 A1 and DE 10 2020 114 403 A1.

[0004] However, such systems can be further optimized.

[0005] The invention is therefore based on the object of overcoming the aforementioned disadvantages and providing an access control system with improved security and increased convenience.

[0006] This problem is solved by the combination of features according to claim 1.

[0007] According to the invention, an access control system for buildings or a building access control system is therefore proposed, which accordingly has a stationary unit, i.e., a fixed unit and preferably a fixed unit connected to the building, and a mobile unit, i.e., a non-stationary unit and, in particular, a unit that can be carried by a user. The mobile unit is essentially an electronic key, which can be designed, for example, in the form of a smart FOB or a smartphone. Basically, both the stationary unit and the mobile unit have a respective transceiver, with the transceiver being understood as a transmitting / receiving unit.The mobile transceiver of the mobile unit, referred to as the mobile transceiver, preferably has at least one antenna and an evaluation unit for transmitting signals via the at least one antenna and for evaluating the signals received via the at least one antenna, or is connected to an antenna or an antenna array. The stationary transceiver of the stationary unit, referred to as the stationary transceiver, preferably has at least two antennas and an evaluation unit for transmitting signals via at least one of the two antennas and for evaluating the signals received via both of the antennas, or is connected to at least one antenna array having at least two antennas.The mobile transceiver of the mobile unit is designed to transmit wirelessly, in particular via radio, and encrypted signals for the authentication and authorization of the mobile unit vis-à-vis the stationary unit, and optionally for the control of the stationary unit by the mobile unit, to the transceiver of the stationary unit, referred to as the stationary transceiver. Specifically, the signals are transmitted from the mobile unit to an antenna array of the stationary unit, which is connected to the stationary transceiver or to an electronic system of the transceiver. Accordingly, the antenna array with its antennas can be viewed as being systemically separate from the stationary transceiver or integrated into it, with the antennas of the antenna array orthe antenna array is each connected to a transceiver electronics via a signal line, so that due to the signal propagation times via the signal lines there is a delay in the detection of the signals by the transceiver electronics.

[0008] Fundamentally, it should be noted that authentication is understood as the verification of whether the mobile unit or its identity is known to the stationary unit, in particular, whether a unique identification number of the mobile unit is stored in the stationary unit. Authorization, on the other hand, is understood as the verification of whether the authenticated mobile unit has access authorization for the access controlled by the access control system. Authentication and authorization can be performed integrally or separately.

[0009] It is essential to the invention that the stationary unit has a control device which is designed to determine a position of the mobile unit relative to the stationary unit from the signals transmitted from the mobile transceiver to the stationary transceiver and to trigger or control a function which corresponds in particular to a corresponding control command if a control command for triggering the function is transmitted to the stationary unit by a mobile unit which is authenticated and authorized by the stationary unit and / or the position of the mobile unit is within a predetermined access area which can be learned in particular by a user or an authenticated and further preferably authorized user, which access area can be learned for example solely by a distance of the mobile unit from the stationary unit orthe position of the mobile unit, so that the mobile unit can be considered to be within the access area if the distance referred to below is less than a predetermined limit.

[0010] Accordingly, it is crucial for comfort and safety that the user's position is determined as accurately as possible.

[0011] However, due to the signal connection between the antennas or the antennas of the antenna array and the stationary transceiver or the transceiver electronics and the necessary signal propagation times of the signal from the antennas to the transceiver electronics, an incorrect determination of the distance and the angle occurs if these signal propagation times are not taken into account.

[0012] Therefore, according to the invention, the control device is designed to determine an angle from which the signals were received from the signals transmitted from the mobile transceiver to the stationary transceiver and angle correction values stored in the control device for signal propagation times of the signal between the antenna array and the stationary transceiver. Furthermore, the control device is designed to determine a distance from which the signals were received from the signals transmitted from the mobile transceiver to the stationary transceiver and distance correction values stored in the control device for signal propagation times of the signal between the antenna array and the stationary transceiver, so that the position of the mobile unit can be specified as polar coordinates of a polar coordinate system lying in a horizontal plane, at the coordinate origin of which the stationary transceiver is arranged.

[0013] The access area is understood to be a two-dimensional and horizontally extending area on or around the stationary unit and, accordingly, for example and in abstract terms, an area on a floor in the area of the stationary unit or of an access controllable by the access control system, as could be represented, for example, in a view from above or a plan view.

[0014] Accordingly, the polar coordinate system preferably lies in a horizontal plane relative to the earth or the ground.

[0015] The functions that can be controlled by corresponding control commands include, in particular, comfort functions, so that lighting elements, for example, can also be controlled by a corresponding control command.

[0016] However, basic functions of the access control system, and thus in particular unlocking and locking an access controlled by the access control system, preferably do not require the transmission of a control command, but are performed automatically by the control device when an authenticated and authorized mobile unit, i.e., its position, is within the access area. Repeated position determination also makes it possible to distinguish between entering and leaving the access area, and to trigger a corresponding function, e.g., unlocking the access upon entering and locking the access upon leaving.

[0017] The transceivers are preferably combined Bluetooth or Bluetooth Low Energy, BLE for short, and ultra-wideband transceivers, UWB transceivers for short, although other radio methods or radio transceivers can also be used, provided they enable the position to be determined according to the invention.

[0018] It is generally known that position determination is possible using such transceivers.

[0019] In the present case, however, an advantageous development provides that the access control system has, in particular, exactly one stationary transceiver, and the stationary unit preferably has exactly one antenna array. The antenna array also has two, or in particular exactly two, antennas for receiving the signals transmitted from the mobile transceiver to the stationary transceiver, each of which is connected via a signal line to a respective connection of the stationary transceiver or the transceiver electronics.

[0020] Furthermore, according to the invention, it is provided that the control device is designed to determine a distance between the stationary transceiver and the mobile transceiver from a signal received at the stationary transceiver from the mobile transceiver.

[0021] The distance can be determined in that the control device is designed to determine the distance from a transmission time of a signal received at the stationary transceiver from the mobile transceiver (Time of Flight (ToF)) and / or from a transmission time of a signal received at the stationary transceiver from the stationary transceiver via the mobile transceiver.

[0022] Accordingly, the transmission time or the signal propagation time of the signal from the mobile unit to the stationary unit or from the mobile transceiver to the stationary transceiver can initially be determined as follows: ts=TsTE−TsTS−(TmTS−TmTE)2 with ts signal propagation time from the mobile transceiver to the stationary transceiver, T sTE Time / timestamp of reception of the signal at the stationary transceiver, T sTS Time / timestamp of sending the signal to the stationary transceiver, T mTE Time / timestamp of reception of the signal at the mobile transceiver, T mTS Time / timestamp of sending the signal to the mobile transceiver.

[0023] T mTE and T mTS can also be determined by a fixed and previously stored value Δt mT which indicates the time delay from the reception of the signal to the transmission of the signal at the mobile unit or mobile transceiver.

[0024] Alternative approaches to determining the signal propagation time are possible. For example, if the mobile unit and the stationary unit are synchronized in time and the time T mTS transmitted with the signal, ts=TmTS−TsTE

[0025] Once the signal propagation time ts has been determined, the distance between mobile

[0026] Unit and stationary unit can be easily calculated using the speed of light, since r=c*ts with r Distance between mobile unit and stationary unit, ts signal propagation time from the mobile transceiver to the stationary transceiver, c speed of light.

[0027] However, in this conventional method, the signal propagation time ts also takes into account or includes the signal propagation times t AsTof the signal when transmitting from the stationary transceiver to the antenna array and when receiving from the antenna array to the stationary transceiver. Accordingly, the signal propagation time ts must be increased by the signal propagation time t AsT be cleaned up or corrected.

[0028] However, depending on the angle from which a signal hits the antennas, different signal propagation times t AsT of the signal when transmitting from the stationary transceiver to the antenna array and when receiving from the antenna array to the stationary transceiver, so that the signal propagation times t AsT are angle-dependent. Therefore, preferably r(Φ)=c*(ts−tAsT(Φ)) with r Distance between mobile unit and stationary unit, ts signal propagation time from the mobile transceiver to the stationary transceiver, t AsTSum of the signal propagation time when transmitting from the stationary transceiver to the antenna array and when receiving from the antenna array to the stationary transceiver as a function of the angle Φ from which the signal was received by the antennas of the stationary unit, c speed of light.

[0029] Based on this, it is preferably provided that for each angle Φ or for each angle Φ of a predetermined angle grid, a respective distance correction value, in particular as a signal propagation time t AsT (Φ) is stored in the control device or can be determined by the control device.

[0030] How the distance correction value or the signal propagation time t AsT (Φ) can be determined and stored in the control device, will be explained below.

[0031] Preferably, the respective distance correction value is the signal propagation time of a signal received and transmitted by the antennas to the corresponding connection of the stationary transceiver and / or from the connection.

[0032] Based on this and as described, the control device is preferably designed to determine a transmission time of the signal from the mobile transceiver to the stationary transceiver, ie the signal propagation time ts, to correct the transmission time by means of the distance correction value stored for the angle Φ from which the signal S was received, and to determine the distance from the corrected transmission time.

[0033] Furthermore, the control device is preferably designed to determine the angle from a phase shift between a signal received at both antennas and a previously known distance between the two antennas in the horizontal plane.

[0034] The so-called Phase Difference of Arrival (PDoA) can be used to determine the phase shift between the signal received via the first antenna and the signal received via the second antenna.

[0035] The angle is preferably determined using the formula Φ=arcsin(α*λ2*π*d) with Φ is the angle from which the signal from the mobile transceiver was received by the stationary transceiver, α phase shift between the signal received at both antennas, λ as a wavelength of a carrier frequency of the signal and d is the distance between the two antennas in the horizontal plane.

[0036] With regard to the phase shift, it should be clarified that a signal is received by the two antennas spaced apart from each other with waves or phases shifted from each other due to the distance, whereby the phase shift corresponds to the shift of the phases or carrier waves from each other.

[0037] With regard to the wavelength of the carrier frequency of the signal, this can be determined by the control device from the signal, but is preferably already stored in the control device or can be retrieved by it.

[0038] Likewise, the distance between the two antennas in the horizontal plane should preferably already be stored in the control device or be retrievable by it.

[0039] Since in this variant the signal propagation times via the connection between the respective antenna and the respective connection of the stationary transceiver are also not taken into account and lead to a corresponding corruption, it is preferably provided that for each angle Φ or for each angle Φ of a predetermined angle grid or for each phase shift a respective angle correction value is stored in the control device or can be determined by the control device.

[0040] The respective angle correction value can be determined from the respective distance correction values and / or can be a propagation time difference between the signal propagation times of a signal received and / or transmitted by the antennas to the respective associated connection of the stationary transceiver (21) and / or from the connection.

[0041] Accordingly, the angle correction value can be stored β(Φ)=sin(2π*f*ΔtAsT(Φ)) with β angle correction value, f frequency or carrier frequency of the signal, Δt AsT Time difference between the signal time delays t AsT of the two antennas to the respective ports of the stationary transceiver.

[0042] Using the angle correction value, the phase shift α can then be corrected as follows: αk=α−β(Φ) with α k Phase shift corrected, α Phase shift (PDoA) between the signal received at both antennas or at the two ports of the stationary transceiver, β angle correction value.

[0043] The determination of the angle taking into account the angle correction value β, which is preferably stored with the associated PDoA α, is preferably carried out using the formula Φ=arcsin((α−β)*λ2*π*d)

[0044] The PDoA α can first be determined uncorrected and then the angle correction value β and from this a corrected angle Φ can be determined.

[0045] Accordingly, the control device is preferably designed to correct the angle Φ by means of the angle correction value stored for the angle Φ from which the signal S was received.

[0046] For both the distance correction values and the angle correction values, it applies independently of each other that they can be stored in the control device as fixed values for the respective angles Φ and / or PDoA α. As an alternative to fixed values, curves or graphs are stored for the distance correction values and / or angle correction values, which indicate the respective correction value for the angles Φ and / or PDoA α.

[0047] Since the distance between the transceivers and the reception angle can be determined separately and then, if necessary, further processed separately, it is preferably provided that the control device is designed to store the phase shift determined from a signal and / or the angle determined for the signal as well as the distance determined for the signal in a manner that can be assigned to one another. This assignability, i.e., that the values were determined for a common signal, can be achieved by storing the aforementioned values together as a data packet or separately with a unique identifier, which can be, for example, a time, and which enables the assignment to one another.

[0048] Preferably, it is further provided that the polar coordinate system is divided or segmented by a distance grid and an angle grid, and virtual, i.e., imaginary, nodes are formed at the intersection points of the distance grid with the angle grid. The control device is designed to normalize the position of the mobile unit to the nearest node or to the node determined according to a predetermined rule, i.e., to store the coordinates or position of the nearest node as the coordinates or position of the mobile unit. Instead of normalizing to the nearest node, normalization could, for example, be provided to the one of two nodes that is further away from the stationary unit in the radial direction.

[0049] Based on a necessary and expected accuracy of the position determination by means of the stationary transceiver, the distance grid can provide a step size or subdivision between 2 cm and 50 cm, in particular 5 cm and 30 cm, preferably between 10 cm and 20 cm and further preferably approximately 15 cm or even approximately 30 cm.

[0050] Analogously, the angle grid can provide a step size or subdivision between 1° and 30°, in particular between 2° and 20°, preferably between 5° and 15°, and more preferably approximately 10° or even approximately 20°. Due to better and simpler implementation and, at the same time, sufficient resolution, 5° is preferably used as the lower limit.

[0051] Furthermore, it is preferably provided that polar coordinates to the right of the stationary transceiver lie in the positive angular direction of the polar coordinate system, and polar coordinates to the left of the stationary transceiver lie in the negative angular direction of the polar coordinate system. Left and right are to be understood as pointing away from a top view and from the perspective of the stationary transceiver, as well as from the building. Accordingly, angles of -90° to +90°, and thus 180°, are preferably detected using two antennas. A total coverage of 360° can also be achieved using more antennas.

[0052] According to a further aspect of the invention, an access control system according to the invention, and in particular the control device, is designed to carry out a method for correcting a position detected by an access control system according to the invention. According to the method, an angle from which the signals were received is determined from a signal transmitted from the mobile transceiver to the stationary transceiver and angle and / or PDoA correction values stored in the control device for signal propagation times of the signal between an antenna array and a stationary transceiver of the access control system.Furthermore, a distance between the stationary transceiver and the mobile transceiver is determined from the signal and distance correction values stored in the control device for signal propagation times of the signal between the antenna array and the stationary transceiver, so that the position of the mobile unit can be specified as polar coordinates of a polar coordinate system lying in a horizontal plane, in whose coordinate origin the stationary transceiver is arranged.

[0053] According to a further aspect of the invention, an access control system according to the invention, and in particular the control device, is also designed to carry out a method for learning or determining the distance correction values and / or angle correction values for carrying out the aforementioned method according to the invention and / or for storage and, if appropriate, use in an access control system according to the invention. The mobile unit is moved at a constant, predetermined distance in a circular manner and in a thus constant horizontal plane around the stationary unit and preferably around the stationary transceiver or the antenna array, wherein the stationary unit or its stationary transceiver is preferably also located in the horizontal plane.For each angle Φ or for each angle Φ of a predetermined angular grid of the circular movement, a signal is transmitted from the mobile unit to the stationary unit and for each signal a propagation time and / or a propagation time difference of the signal from the two antennas of the antenna array of the stationary unit to the terminals of the stationary transceiver is recorded and stored.

[0054] For example, the mobile unit is moved in a circular motion around the stationary unit at a fixed distance of 2 m, preferably with a constant orientation in the direction of the antenna array of the stationary unit, with the movement taking place exclusively in a horizontal plane. Furthermore, there are preferably no reflective objects or other objects that could alter the signal propagation time in the area between the mobile unit and the antenna array or the stationary unit. For each angle or for each angular step determined by the angle grid, the distance correction value and / or angle correction value are recorded and stored in the control device, for example, as a graph or as fixed values.

[0055] Alternatively, the mobile unit can be held stationary and the stationary unit can be positioned at a predetermined distance and in a horizontal plane common to the mobile unit, rotatably positioned on a fixed and constant point. The stationary unit is then rotated by an angle Φ or by a predetermined angular grid. For each angle Φ or for each angle Φ of the predetermined angular grid, a signal can then be transmitted from the mobile unit to the stationary unit, and for each signal, a propagation time and / or propagation time difference of the signal from the two antennas of the antenna array of the stationary unit to the terminals of the stationary transceiver can be recorded and stored.

[0056] For both of the aforementioned methods, all aspects of the access control system are directly transferable to them, so that what is disclosed for the access control system also applies directly to both methods.

[0057] The features disclosed above can be combined as desired, as long as this is technically possible and they do not contradict each other.

[0058] Other advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims or are presented in more detail below together with the description of the preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the figures. They show: Fig. 1 an access control system in a plan view; Fig. 2 a segmentation of a polar coordinate system determined by distance grids and angle grids; Fig. 3 Section of an access control system in a top view; Fig. 4 distance correction values plotted as a graph as examples; Fig. 5 angle correction values plotted as an example graph.

[0059] The figures are schematic examples. Like reference numerals in the figures indicate like functional and / or structural features.

[0060] In Fig. 1, the essential components of an access control system 1 on a building 2 according to the invention are shown schematically.

[0061] Such an access control system 1 basically comprises a stationary unit 20 and a mobile unit 10, wherein the stationary unit 20 is stationary or connected to the building 2 and is designed to control the access 3, for example a door, of the building 2 and accordingly, in particular, to lock or unlock the access 3 or the door 3 depending on the position of the mobile unit 10, wherein the stationary unit 20 receives signals S from the mobile unit 10 to determine the position and to authenticate and authorize the mobile unit 10. The mobile unit 10 has a mobile BLE-UWB transceiver 11, which is designed to wirelessly and encryptedly transmit signals S for authentication and authorization of the mobile unit 10 to the stationary unit 20 and, if necessary, for control of the stationary unit 20 by the mobile unit 10 to a stationary BLE-UWB transceiver 21 of the stationary unit 20.

[0062] In general, identification and authentication preferably take place via BLE, whereas localization and positioning preferably takes place via cryptologically secured communication via UWB.

[0063] It can be provided that the control of the stationary unit 20 should not be based, or preferably at least not exclusively, on control commands received from the mobile unit 10, but rather it should be checked whether the mobile unit is located within a predetermined access area 30.

[0064] Accordingly, the stationary unit 20 has a control device 22, which is designed to determine a position of the mobile unit 10 relative to the stationary unit 20 from the signals S transmitted from the mobile transceiver 11 to the stationary transceiver 21 and to automatically control a function when the position of the mobile unit 10 is within a predetermined access area 30. Optionally, it may also be necessary for a control command to trigger the function to be transmitted to the stationary unit 20 by a mobile unit 10 authenticated and authorized by the stationary unit 20.

[0065] As exemplified in Fig. 1 and Fig. As shown in Figure 2, the predetermined access area can be a delimited area or a delimited region within a polar coordinate system, in the center of which the stationary unit 20 is located. However, the predetermined access area 30 can be a predetermined angular range, distance range, a combination of angular and distance range, or the entire area of the stationary unit that can be detected by the polar coordinate system, so that in the latter case, the access area 30 would be determined solely by a maximum transmission or reception power of the two transceivers 11, 21.

[0066] Basically, it is provided that the control device 22 determines an angle Φ from which the signals S were received from the signals S transmitted from the mobile transceiver 11 to the stationary transceiver 21, and determines a distance r from which the signals S were received, so that the respective position of the mobile unit 10 can be specified as polar coordinates of the polar coordinate system.

[0067] In order to simplify and thus accelerate calculations and comparisons, it is provided that the polar coordinate system is divided by a distance grid 41 and an angle grid 42 or is segmented into individual segments 46, so that virtual, i.e. imaginary, nodes 43 are formed at the intersection points of the distance grid 41 with the angle grid 42, whereby each segment 46 is determined by four nodes 43, as shown in Fig. 2 is shown.

[0068] Based on this, the control device 22 is designed to normalize the previously determined position of the mobile unit 10 to the nearest node 43.

[0069] Also with reference to Fig. 2 shows that the access area 30 can be determined, for example, by boundary points 31 normalized to the node points 43.

[0070] The determination of the angle Φ is schematic and simplified in Fig. 3, where only the mobile transceiver 11 and the stationary transceiver 21 with its antenna array 23A are shown in the configuration already shown in the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 referenced view from above.

[0071] The stationary transceiver 21 is shown here separate from the antenna array 23A, although these could also be connected to form a single unit. According to the illustrated embodiment, the antenna array 23A has exactly two antennas 23 for receiving a signal S transmitted from the mobile transceiver 11 to the stationary transceiver 21, with the two antennas 23 being spaced apart by a predetermined distance d in the horizontal plane. Alternatively, however, four or exactly four antennas 23 or more than one antenna array may be provided.

[0072] The angle Φ is determined from a phase shift α between the signal S received at both antennas 23 or a phase shift α between the carrier waves 24 of the signal S received at both antennas 23 and the distance d between the antennas 23.

[0073] In particular, the angle Φ is given by the formula Φ=arcsin(α*λ2*π*d) determined, where λ is known in advance as a wavelength of the carrier frequency or the carrier wave 24 of the signal S and is in particular stored in the control device 22 or can be retrieved by it.

[0074] However, when transmitting the signals S from the antenna array 23A to the stationary transceiver 21, it has not yet been taken into account that the signal propagation times of the signal or signals via the connecting line 26 between the antennas 23 and the respective connection 25 of the stationary transceiver 21 are also incorrectly included.

[0075] Therefore, it is intended to correct the distance r determined from the signal propagation time of the signal from the mobile unit 10 to the stationary unit 20 as well as the angle Φ using stored correction values.

[0076] As in the Fig. 4 and Fig. Since, as shown in Figure 5, the antennas can exhibit different signal propagation times via the connecting line 26 (group delay) depending on the directional angle Φ (azimuth angle of the antennas), the measurement is carried out at all angles Φ of the polar coordinate system, and the signal propagation time measured in each case via the signal line 26 is stored together with the associated angle Φ and the PDoA α in the control device 22. It should be noted here that the two antennas themselves also have their own group delay, which is strongly dependent on the directional angle Φ, so that the graphs shown essentially represent a sum of these group delays.

[0077] The Fig. 4, this shows the preferred average signal propagation time t AsT over 360°.

[0078] In Fig. 5 is the transit time difference Δt AsT between the signal propagation times t AsTof the two antennas 23 to the respective connections 25 of the stationary transceiver 21 or the path difference of the group delay over azimuth, which itself can serve as an angle correction value or can be used to determine such. QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] WO 2023 / 222462 A1

[0003] DE 10 2020 114 403 A1

[0003]

Claims

[1] Access control system (1) for buildings (2) with a stationary unit (20) and a mobile unit (10), wherein the mobile unit (10) has a mobile transceiver (11) which is designed to wirelessly and encryptedly transmit signals (S) for authentication and authorization of the mobile unit (10) with respect to the stationary unit (20) and for control of the stationary unit (20) by the mobile unit (10) to an antenna array (23A) of the stationary unit (20), which is signal-connected to a stationary transceiver (21) of the stationary unit (20), wherein the stationary unit (20) comprises a control device (22) which is designed to determine a position of the mobile unit (10) relative to the stationary unit (20) from the signals (S) transmitted from the mobile transceiver (11) to the stationary transceiver (21) and to control a function if a control command for triggering the function is transmitted to the stationary unit (20) by a mobile unit (10) authenticated and authorized by the stationary unit (20) and / or the position of the mobile unit (10) is within a predetermined access area (30), and wherein the control device (22) is designed to determine an angle (Φ) from which the signals (S) were received from the signals (S) transmitted from the mobile transceiver (11) to the stationary transceiver (21) and angle correction values stored in the control device (22) for signal propagation times of the signal (S) between the antenna array (23A) and the stationary transceiver (21), and to determine a distance (r) between the stationary transceiver (21) and the mobile transceiver (11) from a signal (S) received at the stationary transceiver (21) from the mobile transceiver (11) and distance correction values stored in the control device (22) for signal propagation times of the signal (S) between the antenna array (23A) and the stationary transceiver (21), so that the position of the mobile unit (10) can be specified as polar coordinates of a polar coordinate system lying in a horizontal plane, in the coordinate origin of which the stationary transceiver (21) is arranged. [2] Access control system according to claim 1, wherein the antenna array (23A) has exactly two antennas (23) for receiving the signals (S) transmitted from the mobile transceiver (11) to the stationary transceiver (21), which are each connected via a signal line (26) to a respective terminal (25) of the stationary transceiver (21). [3] Access control system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein for each angle (Φ) or for each angle (Φ) of a predetermined angle grid, a respective distance correction value is stored in the control device (22) or can be determined by the control device (22). [4] Access control system according to the preceding claim, wherein the respective distance correction value is a signal propagation time of a signal received and / or transmitted by the antennas to the associated terminal (25) of the stationary transceiver (21) and / or from the terminal (25). [5] Access control system according to one of the two preceding claims, wherein the control device (22) is designed to determine a transmission time of the signal (S) from the mobile transceiver (10) to the stationary transceiver (20), to correct the transmission time using the distance correction value stored for the angle (Φ) from which the signal (S) was received and to determine the distance (r) from the corrected transmission time. [6] Access control system according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 5, wherein the control device (22) is designed to determine the angle (Φ) from a phase shift (α) between a signal (S) received at both antennas (23) and a previously known distance (d) of the antennas (23). [7] Access control system according to the preceding claim, wherein for each angle (Φ) or for each angle (Φ) of a predetermined angle grid or for each phase shift (α) a respective angle correction value is stored in the control device (22) or can be determined by the control device (22). [8] Access control system according to the preceding claim, wherein the respective angle correction value can be determined from the respective distance correction values and / or is a propagation time difference between the signal propagation times of a signal received and / or transmitted by the antennas to the respectively associated connection (25) of the stationary transceiver (21) and / or from the connection (25). [9] Access control system according to one of the two preceding claims, wherein the control device is designed to correct the angle (Φ) using the angle correction value stored for the angle (Φ) from which the signal (S) was received.

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