Access control system for buildings

Abstract

Access control system (1) for buildings (2) with a stationary unit (20) and a mobile unit (10), wherein the mobile unit (10) has a mobile transceiver (11) which is designed to wirelessly and encryptedly transmit signals (S) for authentication and authorization of the mobile unit (10) with respect to the stationary unit (20) and for control of the stationary unit (20) by the mobile unit (10) to a stationary transceiver (21) of the stationary unit (20), which has a first antenna array (23A) and a second antenna array (23B), wherein the stationary unit (20) comprises a control device (22) which is designed to determine from a signal (S) transmitted from the mobile transceiver (11) to the stationary transceiver (21) and at least partially received by the first antenna array (23A) two positions (P10, P11) of the mobile unit (10) relative to the stationary unit (20), of which a first is an actual position (P10) and a second is a first mirrored position (P11), and to determine from the signal (S) transmitted from the mobile transceiver (11) to the stationary transceiver (21) and at least partially received by the second antenna array (23B) two positions (P10, P12) of the mobile unit (10) relative to the stationary unit (20), of which a first is an actual position (P10) and a second is a second mirrored position (P12), and wherein the control device (22) is designed to compare the two positions (P10, P11) determined by means of the first antenna array (23A) with the two positions (P10, P12) determined by means of the second antenna array (23B) and to verify the matching position as the actual position (P10).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an access control system for buildings.

[0002] An access control system within the meaning of the invention refers to systems that have a stationary or fixed unit and a mobile unit that can be carried by a user, and in which said units communicate wirelessly with each other for the authentication and authorization of the mobile unit, and thus of the user, vis-à-vis the stationary unit. Based on the authentication and authorization, the stationary unit controls various functions and, in particular, the release or locking of an associated access, for example, a door or gate. Going beyond most conventional access systems, the access system according to the invention also provides for position determination, as explained in more detail below.

[0003] Wireless access control systems are state of the art and are known, for example, from the documents WO 2023 / 222462 A1 and DE 10 2020 114 403 A1.

[0004] However, such systems can be further optimized.

[0005] The invention is therefore based on the object of overcoming the aforementioned disadvantages and providing an access control system with improved security and increased convenience.

[0006] This problem is solved by the combination of features according to claim 1.

[0007] According to the invention, an access control system for buildings or a building access control system is therefore proposed, which accordingly has a stationary unit, i.e. a fixed unit that is preferably connected to the building in a fixed manner, and a mobile unit, i.e. a non-stationary unit that can be carried by a user. The mobile unit is essentially an electronic key, which can be designed, for example, in the form of a smart FOB or a smartphone. Basically, both the stationary unit and the mobile unit have a respective transceiver, wherein a transceiver is to be understood as a transmitting / receiving unit. The transceiver of the mobile unit, referred to as the mobile transceiver, preferably has at least one antenna and an evaluation unit for transmitting signals via the at least one antenna and for evaluating the signals received via the at least one antenna.The transceiver of the stationary unit, referred to as the stationary transceiver, preferably has at least two antennas and an evaluation unit for transmitting signals via at least one of the two antennas and for evaluating the signals received via both antennas. The mobile transceiver is designed to transmit wirelessly, in particular via radio, and encrypted signals for authentication and authorization of the mobile unit to the stationary unit, as well as optionally for control of the stationary unit by the mobile unit, to the transceiver of the stationary unit, referred to as the stationary transceiver.

[0008] Fundamentally, it should be noted that authentication is understood as the verification of whether the mobile unit or its identity is known to the stationary unit, in particular, whether a unique identification number of the mobile unit is stored in the stationary unit. Authorization, on the other hand, is understood as the verification of whether the authenticated mobile unit has access authorization for the access controlled by the access control system. Authentication and authorization can be carried out integrally or separately.

[0009] It is essential to the invention that the stationary transceiver has a first antenna array and a second antenna array, and the stationary unit has a control device which is designed to determine, from a signal transmitted from the mobile transceiver to the stationary transceiver and received at least in part by the first antenna array, two positions of the mobile unit relative to the stationary unit, of which a first position is an actual position and a second position is a first virtual or mirrored position, and to determine, from the signal transmitted from the mobile transceiver to the stationary transceiver and received at least in part by the second antenna array, two positions of the mobile unit relative to the stationary unit, of which a first position is the actual position and a second position is a second virtual or mirrored position.

[0010] Furthermore, it can be provided that the control device is designed to trigger or control a function corresponding in particular to a corresponding control command when a control command for triggering the function is transmitted to the stationary unit by a mobile unit authenticated and authorized by the stationary unit and / or the actual position of the mobile unit is within a predetermined access area which can be learned in particular by a user or an authenticated and further preferably authorized user.

[0011] Due to the way the position is determined, it is usually not possible to determine a clear position. Instead, the actual position and the virtual or mirrored position are determined, which are initially indistinguishable for the stationary unit. If safety is not relevant, the determined position, which would not trigger any function, can be neglected or excluded, so that functionality or convenience is achieved at the expense of safety. However, to increase safety and convenience, it is advantageous if the position of the mobile unit and thus the actual position can be clearly determined, so that the virtual or mirrored position is excluded or the actual position is recognized as the position of the mobile unit.

[0012] To solve this problem, and thus essential to the invention, the control device is designed to compare the two positions determined by the first antenna array of the stationary unit with the two positions determined by the second antenna array of the stationary unit and to verify the matching position as the actual position of the mobile unit. Due to possible measurement tolerances, a match within a predetermined tolerance or deviation may be sufficient.

[0013] Since, as explained below, the angles of the positions specified in a polar coordinate system in particular differ from one another, it may also be sufficient to compare the quadrants in which the angles lie, since the two angles leading to the actual position lie in the same quadrant and the angles belonging to the mirrored positions lie in a quadrant adjacent to it.

[0014] Verification is understood to mean that the position of the previously determined possible positions, i.e. actual position and mirrored positions, is confirmed as the actual position of the mobile unit, which matches.

[0015] The access area is understood to be a two-dimensional and horizontally extending area on or around the stationary unit and, accordingly, for example and in abstract terms, an area on a floor in the area of the stationary unit or of an access controllable by the access control system, as could be represented, for example, in a view from above or a plan view.

[0016] The functions that can be controlled by corresponding control commands include, in particular, comfort functions, so that lighting elements, for example, can also be controlled by a corresponding control command.

[0017] However, basic functions of the access control system, and thus in particular unlocking and locking an access controlled by the access control system, preferably do not require the transmission of a control command, but are performed automatically by the control device when an authenticated and authorized mobile unit, i.e., its position, is within the access area. Repeated position determination also makes it possible to distinguish between entering and exiting the access area, and to trigger a corresponding function, e.g., unlocking the access upon entering and locking the access upon exiting.

[0018] The transceivers are preferably combined Bluetooth or Bluetooth Low Energy, BLE for short, and ultra-wideband transceivers, UWB transceivers for short, although other radio methods or radio transceivers can also be used as long as they enable the position to be determined according to the invention.

[0019] It is generally known that position determination is possible using such transceivers, but this will be explained in more detail below.

[0020] The positions are preferably specified in polar coordinates of a polar coordinate system lying in a horizontal plane, in whose coordinate origin the stationary transceiver is arranged.

[0021] According to an advantageous development, the first antenna array comprises two, in particular exactly two, antennas, and all antennas of the first antenna array extend in a common first plane or define this common first plane. Similarly, the second antenna array also comprises two, in particular exactly two, antennas, with all antennas of the second antenna array also extending in a common second plane or defining this common second plane.

[0022] Although, due to the resulting different angles and taking into account previously known distances between the antennas and / or planes, it would already be sufficient for the planes to be offset parallel to one another or for all antennas of both arrays to be arranged in groups in one plane but spaced apart in the plane, an advantageous further development provides that the first plane and the second plane are tilted relative to one another and preferably extend orthogonally to one another.

[0023] Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the first and second planes are each orthogonal to the polar coordinate system and orthogonal to the horizontal plane determining the polar coordinate system.

[0024] Based on this, it is preferably provided that the control device is designed to determine an actual angle and a first mirrored angle from which the signal was received from the signal transmitted at least partially by means of the first antenna array from the mobile transceiver to the stationary transceiver, and to determine an actual angle and a second mirrored angle from which the signal was received from the signal transmitted at least partially by means of the second antenna array from the mobile transceiver to the stationary transceiver.

[0025] The angles determined in this way can be compared with each other so that the actual angle of the actual position can be immediately verified.

[0026] Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the control device is designed to determine a distance from which the signal was received from the signal transmitted at least partially by means of the first antenna array from the mobile transceiver to the stationary transceiver, and / or to determine the distance or a distance from which the signal was received from the signal transmitted at least partially by means of the second antenna array from the mobile transceiver to the stationary transceiver.

[0027] In principle, determining a distance is sufficient, so that it can be directly specified as the actual distance to the actual position. However, it is advantageous to calculate and / or verify an average of all determined distances in order to be able to specify the actual distance with greater certainty and accuracy.

[0028] Regarding verification, the actual position can therefore be verified by comparing the angles, so that the actual distance only needs to be determined and specified afterwards. Alternatively, the positions can be determined first and then directly compared to verify the actual position, in which case, too, the distances can then be averaged.

[0029] Accordingly, the polar coordinate system preferably lies in a horizontal plane relative to the earth or the ground.

[0030] In principle, it is sufficient to determine the distance only once, as it is identical for all positions. However, the distance can optionally be determined twice to check the distance or to calculate an average value as the distance of the polar coordinates for increased accuracy and reliability.

[0031] However, the measured distance corresponds to the length of the direct connection between the stationary and the mobile transceiver, so that in the polar coordinate system extending in the horizontal plane, a deviation may occur due to a possible difference in height between the mobile transceiver and the stationary transceiver in three-dimensional space.

[0032] In particular, it is provided that the two antennas of a respective antenna array each have a predetermined distance from each other in the horizontal plane. This allows the control device to determine the respective angles from a phase shift between the signal received at least partially at the two antennas of the respective antenna array and the distance.

[0033] The phase shift can be determined using the so-called Phase Difference of Arrival (PDoA).

[0034] The angle is preferably determined using the formula Φ=arcsin(α∗λ2∗π∗d) with Φ is the angle from which the signal from the mobile transceiver was received by the stationary transceiver, α phase shift between the signal received at both antennas, λ as a wavelength of a carrier frequency of the signal and d is the distance between the two antennas in the horizontal plane.

[0035] With regard to the phase shift, it should be clarified that a signal is received by the two antennas spaced apart from each other with waves or phases shifted from each other due to the distance, whereby the phase shift corresponds to the shift of the phases or carrier waves from each other.

[0036] With regard to the wavelength of the carrier frequency of the signal, this can be determined by the control device from the signal, but can preferably already be stored in the control device or can be retrieved by it.

[0037] The same applies to the distance between the two antennas in the horizontal plane, which can preferably already be stored in the control device or can be retrieved by it.

[0038] However, the calculation applies to two angles, so that one of the angles is the actual angle of the actual position of the mobile unit and the other is merely a virtual or mirrored angle, which leads to the virtual or mirrored and thus not actual or incorrect position of the mobile unit.

[0039] The access control system designed according to the invention can exclude incorrect or mirrored angles and positions and thus clearly determine the actual angle and position.

[0040] When determining angles and distances, different values for distance and angle can be determined by varying the alignment and offset of the antenna arrays. These values are each related to an array coordinate system determined by the alignment and positioning of the antenna arrays. These values can be transformed into the polar coordinate system by knowing the alignment and positioning of the antenna arrays relative to each other and to the polar coordinate system or its coordinate origin.

[0041] Advantageously, the antennas of each of the arrays each determine an antenna reference plane, so that it can be provided that all antennas of the respective antenna array are formed on a common circuit board that determines the respective plane.

[0042] Furthermore, the access control system can comprise a switching device connected between the control device and the antenna arrays, which is designed to alternately switch a transceiver electronics unit of the stationary transceiver to the antenna arrays while the signal is being received, so that a first part of the signal from the first antenna array and a second part of the signal from the second antenna array are received by the respective antennas and transmitted to the transceiver electronics unit of the stationary transceiver and from there, preferably, to the control device. This requires only one transceiver electronics unit or only one stationary transceiver, as well as only one control device or evaluation electronics unit, since these can be used to evaluate both signal components, which in particular leads to significant cost savings.

[0043] Starting from a switching device, switching can also occur multiple times during signal transmission.

[0044] It should be noted that a signal does not transmit a complete data packet throughout, but rather consists of several signal components. Signal components include, in particular, "Pre-Poll," "Poll," "Final," and "Final Data," depending on the order in the signal.

[0045] Preferably, the switching device switches after the end of the reception of a signal part or before the reception of a signal part, so that the signal parts are received by different antenna arrays.

[0046] For example, the signal part referred to as “Pre Poll” can be received by the first antenna array, the signal part referred to as “Poll” by the second antenna array, the signal part referred to as “Final” again by the first antenna array, and the signal part referred to as “Final Data” again by the second antenna array.

[0047] A position or angle and a distance can then be determined from each signal part, so that all positions determined thereby can then be compared as a whole or at least all angles determined to verify the actual position.

[0048] Alternatively, average values can be calculated from the corresponding angles and only then can the angles be compared to verify the actual position.

[0049] Consequently, the signals detected by the antenna arrays can also be evaluated separately and by separate control devices or evaluation devices, and the positions can be determined, in which case a comparison of the positions would then have to be carried out on a separate device.

[0050] According to a further aspect of the invention, an access control system according to the invention, and in particular the control device, is designed to carry out a method for verifying a position of a mobile unit of an access control system for buildings according to the invention. According to the method, two positions of the mobile unit relative to the stationary unit are determined from a signal transmitted from the mobile transceiver to a stationary transceiver and received at least in part by a first antenna array of the stationary transceiver, a first of which is an actual position and a second of which is a first mirrored position.Subsequently, or simultaneously, two positions of the mobile unit relative to the stationary unit are determined from the signal transmitted from the mobile transceiver to the stationary transceiver and at least partially received by a second antenna array of the stationary transceiver. A first position is the actual position, and a second position is a second mirrored position. Once the positions have been determined, the two positions determined by the first antenna array are compared with the two positions determined by the second antenna array, and the matching position is verified as the actual position.

[0051] The features disclosed above can be combined as desired, as long as this is technically possible and they do not contradict each other.

[0052] Other advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims or are presented in more detail below, together with the description of the preferred embodiment of the invention, with reference to the figures. They show: Fig. 1 an access control system in a plan view; Fig. 2 a segmentation of a polar coordinate system determined by distance grids and angle grids; Fig. 3 Representation of a position ambiguity with an antenna reference plane; Fig. 4 Illustration of a position ambiguity with two antenna reference planes; Fig. 5 a procedure for verifying a position of a mobile unit.

[0053] The figures are schematic examples. Identical reference numerals in the figures indicate identical functional and / or structural features.

[0054] In Fig. 1, the essential components of an access control system 1 on a building 2 according to the invention are shown schematically.

[0055] Such an access control system 1 basically comprises a stationary unit 20 and a mobile unit 10, wherein the stationary unit 20 is stationary or connected to the building 2 and is designed to control the access 3, for example a door, of the building 2 and accordingly, in particular, to lock or unlock the access 3 or the door 3 depending on the position of the mobile unit 10, wherein the stationary unit 20 receives signals S from the mobile unit 10 to determine the position and to authenticate and authorize the mobile unit 10. The mobile unit 10 has a mobile BLE-UWB transceiver 11, which is designed to wirelessly and encryptedly transmit signals S for authentication and authorization of the mobile unit 10 to the stationary unit 20 and, if necessary, for control of the stationary unit 20 by the mobile unit 10 to a stationary BLE-UWB transceiver 21 of the stationary unit 20.

[0056] In general, identification and authentication preferably take place via BLE, whereas localization and positioning preferably takes place via cryptologically secured communication via UWB.

[0057] It can be provided that the control of the stationary unit 20 should not be based, or at least not exclusively, on control commands received from the mobile unit 10, but rather it should be checked whether the mobile unit is located within a predetermined access area 30.

[0058] Accordingly, the stationary unit 20 has a control device 22, which is designed to determine a position of the mobile unit 10 relative to the stationary unit 20 from the signals S transmitted from the mobile transceiver 11 to the stationary transceiver 21 and to control a function when the position of the mobile unit 10 is within a predetermined access area 30. Optionally, it may also be necessary for a control command to trigger the function to be transmitted to the stationary unit 20 by a mobile unit 10 authenticated and authorized by the stationary unit 20.

[0059] As exemplified in the Fig. 1 and Fig. As shown in Figure 2, the predetermined access area can be a delimited area or a delimited region within a polar coordinate system, in the center of which the stationary unit 20 is located. However, the predetermined access area 30 can be a predetermined angular range, distance range, a combination of angular and distance range, or the entire area of the stationary unit that can be detected by the polar coordinate system, so that in the latter case, the access area 30 would be determined solely by a maximum transmission or reception power of the two transceivers 11, 21 or the transmission or reception power of the stationary transceiver 21 operating in locating mode.

[0060] Basically, it is provided that the control device 22 determines an angle ϕ from which the signals S were received from the signals S transmitted from the mobile transceiver 11 to the stationary transceiver 21, and determines a distance r from which the signals S were received, so that the respective position of the mobile unit 10 can be specified as polar coordinates of the polar coordinate system.

[0061] In order to simplify and thus accelerate calculations and comparisons, it can be provided that the polar coordinate system is divided by a distance grid 41 and an angle grid 42 or is segmented into individual segments 46, so that virtual, i.e. imaginary, nodes 43 are formed at the intersection points of the distance grid 41 with the angle grid 42, whereby each segment 46 is determined by four nodes 43, as shown in Fig. 2 is shown.

[0062] Based on this, the control device 22 can be configured to normalize the previously determined position of the mobile unit 10 to the nearest node 43.

[0063] Also with reference to Fig. 2 shows that the access area 30 can be determined, for example, by boundary points 31 normalized to the node points 43.

[0064] The determination of the angle ϕ is schematic and simplified in Fig. 3, wherein only the mobile transceiver 11 and a first antenna array 23A of the stationary transceiver 21 are shown in the configuration already shown in the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 referenced view from above.

[0065] The illustrated first antenna array 23A accordingly has exactly two antennas 23 for receiving a signal S transmitted from the mobile transceiver 11 to the stationary transceiver 21, wherein the exactly two antennas 23 have a known distance d from each other in the horizontal plane in which the polar coordinate system lies and are arranged in a common first plane E1 or first antenna reference plane E1.

[0066] The angle ϕ is determined from a phase shift α between the signal S received at both antennas 23 or a phase shift α between the carrier waves 24 of the signal S received at both antennas 23 and the distance d between the antennas 23.

[0067] In particular, the angle ϕ is given by the formula Φ=arcsin(α∗λ2∗π∗d) where λ is known in advance as a wavelength of the carrier frequency or carrier wave 24 of the signal S and is stored in the control device 22 or can be retrieved by it. The distance d of the antennas 23 can also be stored in the control device 22 or can be retrieved by it.

[0068] The formula mentioned is, as in Fig. 3, but valid for two angles ϕ or for two coordinates, so that in addition to the actual position P10 of the mobile unit 10 or its mobile transceiver 11, a first mirrored or virtual position P11 of a not actually existing image of the mobile transceiver 11, which can thus be designated as a “ghost transceiver” 12, is also determined, as is also shown in the overview according to Fig. 1 with the corresponding angles ϕ1, ϕ2.

[0069] For the stationary transceiver 21 or the control device 22, it cannot be clearly determined from these two possible positions at which of the positions P10, P11 the mobile transceiver 11 or the mobile unit 10 is actually located.

[0070] The simplified representation from Fig. 3 can be found with regard to its essential elements in Fig. 4 again, wherein in addition to the first antenna array 23A, a second antenna array 23B is also shown, which is constructed identically to the first antenna array 23A, but is arranged orthogonally to one another with respect to the planes E1, E2 or with respect to the antenna reference planes E1, E2.

[0071] As shown, the different positioning and orientations of the antenna arrays 23A, 23B result in two positions P10, P11, P12 being determinable from the signal S received by the antennas 23 of the respective antenna arrays 23A, 23B, which positions belong to the mobile unit 10 or its mobile transceiver 11 and two “ghost transceivers” 12.

[0072] By comparing the positions P10, P11, P12, which may have previously been transformed to or into the polar coordinate system, it can be determined which position is the actual position P10 of the mobile transceiver 11 or the mobile unit 10.

[0073] In order to avoid having to use two comparatively expensive control devices 22 for evaluating the data or two comparatively expensive transceiver electronics 25, a switching device 24 is also provided which alternately connects the two antenna arrays 23A, 23B to the transceiver electronics 25 upon reception of a signal S or via the transceiver electronics 25 to the control device 22, so that consequently all data sent via the signal S are received, but for this purpose all the aforementioned positions can be determined.

[0074] An example procedure for verifying the position of the mobile unit 10 is shown in Fig. 5, wherein the control device 22 can be designed accordingly to carry out a method based thereon or at least some of the steps.

[0075] According to the Fig.The procedure shown in Figure 5 and based on a flow chart includes, in particular, the following steps: Step A A signal S is transmitted from the mobile transceiver 11 to the stationary transceiver 21, of which a first signal part (“pre poll”) is received at the stationary transceiver 21 by the first antenna array 23A. Step B Switching by means of the switching device 24, so that the transceiver electronics 25 is no longer connected to the first antenna array 23A, but to the second antenna array 23B. Step C The signal S is further transmitted from the mobile transceiver 11 to the stationary transceiver 21, from which a second signal part (“poll”) is received at the stationary transceiver 21 by the second antenna array 23B. Step D Switching by means of the switching device 23, so that the transceiver electronics 25 is no longer connected to the second antenna array 23B, but to the first antenna array 23A. Step E The signal S is further transmitted from the mobile transceiver 11 to the stationary transceiver 21, from which a third signal part (“final”) is received at the stationary transceiver 21 by the first antenna array 23A. Step F Switching by means of the switching device 23, so that the transceiver electronics 25 is no longer connected to the first antenna array 23A, but to the second antenna array 23B. Step G The signal S is further transmitted from the mobile transceiver 11 to the stationary transceiver 21, from which a fourth signal part (“Final Data”) is received at the stationary transceiver 21 by the second antenna array 23B. Step H From the first signal part, in particular by means of PDoA, a first pair of raw angles ϕ is determined, from which the signal S transmitted by the mobile transceiver 11 was received at the stationary transceiver 21, as well as a first raw distance is determined, from which the signal S transmitted by the mobile transceiver 11 was received at the stationary transceiver 21, from the second signal part, in particular by means of PDoA, a second pair of raw angles ϕ is determined, from which the signal S transmitted by the mobile transceiver 11 was received at the stationary transceiver 21, as well as a second raw distance is determined, from which the signal S transmitted by the mobile transceiver 11 was received at the stationary transceiver 21, from the third signal part, in particular by means of PDoA, a third pair of raw angles ϕ, from which the signal S transmitted by the mobile transceiver 11 was received at the stationary transceiver 21, as well as a third raw distance are determined from which the signal S transmitted by the mobile transceiver 11 was received at the stationary transceiver 21, from the fourth signal part, in particular by means of PDoA, a fourth pair of raw angles ϕ, from which the signal S transmitted by the mobile transceiver 11 was received at the stationary transceiver 21, as well as a fourth raw distance are determined from which the signal S transmitted by the mobile transceiver 11 was received at the stationary transceiver 21. Step J From the corresponding angles of the first pair of raw angles ϕ and the third pair of raw angles ϕ, an average value is determined and thereby the possible angles ϕ, ϕ1 and from the corresponding angles of the second pair of raw angles ϕ and the fourth pair of raw angles ϕ, an average value is determined and thereby the possible angles ϕ, ϕ2, so that there are a total of four possible angles. Step K An average value is calculated as distance r from the first raw distance, the second raw distance, the third raw distance and the fourth raw distance. Step L The four determined possible angles ϕ are compared, the matching angle ϕ or only the angle lying in the same quadrant of the polar coordinate system is verified as the actual angle ϕ and the actual position P10 is given as polar coordinates with the angle ϕ and the distance r and / or from the four possible angles and the distance r, a respective possible position is given as polar coordinates, the possible positions are compared and the matching position is verified as the actual position P10 and / or From the four possible angles and the corresponding raw distance, a respective possible position is specified as polar coordinates, the possible positions are compared and the matching position is verified as the actual position P10, whereby the raw distance can then be replaced by the distance r. QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] WO 2023 / 222462 A1

[0003] DE 10 2020 114 403 A1

[0003]

Claims

[1] Access control system (1) for buildings (2) with a stationary unit (20) and a mobile unit (10), wherein the mobile unit (10) has a mobile transceiver (11) which is designed to wirelessly and encryptedly transmit signals (S) for authentication and authorization of the mobile unit (10) with respect to the stationary unit (20) and for control of the stationary unit (20) by the mobile unit (10) to a stationary transceiver (21) of the stationary unit (20), which has a first antenna array (23A) and a second antenna array (23B), wherein the stationary unit (20) comprises a control device (22) which is designed to determine from a signal (S) transmitted from the mobile transceiver (11) to the stationary transceiver (21) and at least partially received by the first antenna array (23A) two positions (P10, P11) of the mobile unit (10) relative to the stationary unit (20), of which a first is an actual position (P10) and a second is a first mirrored position (P11), and to determine from the signal (S) transmitted from the mobile transceiver (11) to the stationary transceiver (21) and at least partially received by the second antenna array (23B) two positions (P10, P12) of the mobile unit (10) relative to the stationary unit (20), of which a first is an actual position (P10) and a second is a second mirrored position (P12), and wherein the control device (22) is designed to compare the two positions (P10, P11) determined by means of the first antenna array (23A) with the two positions (P10, P12) determined by means of the second antenna array (23B) and to verify the matching position as the actual position (P10). [2] Access control system according to claim 1, wherein the first antenna array (23A) has two and / or exactly two antennas (23) and all antennas of the first antenna array (23A) extend in a common first plane (E1) and the second antenna array (23A) has two and / or exactly two antennas (23) and all antennas of the second antenna array (23B) extend in a common second plane (E2) and / or wherein the first plane (E1) and the second plane (E2) are tilted to each other and / or orthogonal to each other. [3] Access control system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control device (22) is designed to determine an actual angle (ϕ) and a first mirrored angle (ϕ1) from which the signal (S) was received from the signal (S) transmitted at least partially from the mobile transceiver (11) to the stationary transceiver (21) by means of the first antenna array (23A), and to determine an actual angle (ϕ) and a second mirrored angle (ϕ2) from which the signal (S) was received from the signal (S) transmitted at least partially from the mobile transceiver (11) to the stationary transceiver (21) by means of the second antenna array (23B). [4] Access control systems according to the preceding claim, wherein the control device (22) is designed to verify the actual position (P10) by comparing the at least two angles (ϕ, ϕ1) determined from the signal (S) received at least in part by the first antenna array (23A) with the at least two angles (ϕ, ϕ2) determined from the signal (S) received at least in part by the second antenna array (23B). [5] Access control system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control device (22) is designed to determine a distance (r) from which the signal (S) was received from the signal (S) transmitted at least partially by means of the first antenna array (23A) from the mobile transceiver (11) to the stationary transceiver (21), and / or to determine the distance (r) from which the signal (S) was received from the signal (S) transmitted at least partially from the mobile transceiver (11) to the stationary transceiver (21) by means of the second antenna array (23B). [6] Access control system according to the preceding claim, wherein the control device is designed to determine an average value for the distance (r) from at least two distances (r). [7] Access control system according to claims 2 to 6, wherein the two antennas (23) of a respective antenna array (23A, 23B) each have a respective previously known distance (d) from each other in the horizontal plane, and wherein the control device (22) is designed to determine the respective angles (ϕ, ϕ1, ϕ2) from a phase shift (α) between the signal (S) received at least partially at the two antennas (23) of the respective antenna array (23A, 23B) and the distance (d). [8] Access control system according to one of claims 2 to 7, wherein all antennas (23) of the respective antenna array (23A, 23B) are formed on a common circuit board determining the respective level (E1, E2). [9] Access control system according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a switching device (24) connected between a transceiver electronics (25) of the stationary transceiver (21) and the antenna arrays (23A, 23B), which switching device is designed to alternately switch the transceiver electronics (25) of the stationary transceiver (21) to connect it to the antenna arrays (23A, 23B) while the signal (S) is being received, so that a first part of the signal (S) from the first antenna array (23A) and a second part of the signal (S) from the second antenna array (23B) are received by the respective antennas (23) and transmitted to the transceiver electronics (25) of the stationary transceiver (21) and / or the control device (22).

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