Hydrogen system with safety blow-off valve

Abstract

Hydrogen plant (100), in particular for the production of elemental hydrogen, wherein the hydrogen plant (100) has at least one process blow-off device (10) and at least one separate safety blow-off device (20) for blowing out elemental hydrogen, wherein the process blow-off device (10) is designed to blow elemental hydrogen into the environment in a controlled manner during normal operation of the hydrogen plant (100), and wherein the safety vent (20) is designed to take in elemental hydrogen from at least part of the hydrogen plant (100) in an emergency operation of the hydrogen plant (100) and then release it to the environment.

Description

AREA OF INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to a hydrogen system with a safety vent for emergency pressure relief. The invention further relates to a corresponding safety vent and a method for operating a hydrogen system. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Hydrogen plants, particularly electrolysis plants, typically have a process vent for releasing hydrogen into the environment (or atmosphere). This release can occur, for example, during certain operating conditions, such as the start-up phase of the hydrogen plant. The process vents used for this purpose are usually simple, open-ended pipes. When hydrogen is released, an area can form at the vent outlet where the released hydrogen mixes with the ambient air to create an explosive mixture. The size of this so-called Ex zone depends on various factors, but is particularly influenced by the amount of hydrogen released at one time and by wind conditions.Particularly during emergency operation, when emergency pressure relief is necessary, a comparatively large quantity of hydrogen is suddenly expelled from the hydrogen system. If wind is present, this can create a particularly large hazardous area (Ex zone). This can lead to extensive safety-critical zones, necessitating the establishment of corresponding safety zones with restrictions on the construction of buildings and facilities, as well as on the presence of people. The area required for plant construction is thus significantly increased, and existing plants often find it difficult or impossible to retrofit the necessary safety zones.

[0003] It is desirable to reduce the size of the safety zones and the land use of such a hydrogen plant. In particular, it is desirable to keep the size of the hazardous area (Ex zone) as small as possible, especially during emergency operation with appropriate emergency pressure relief. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0004] Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a hydrogen plant which at least partially reduces the aforementioned disadvantages and in which, in particular, the size of the necessary safety zone can be reduced.

[0005] This problem is solved using the features of the independent claims. Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, a hydrogen plant, particularly for the production of elemental hydrogen, is provided. The hydrogen plant comprises at least one process vent and at least one separate safety vent for venting elemental hydrogen. The process vent is configured to vent hydrogen to the environment in a controlled manner during normal operation of the hydrogen plant. The safety vent is configured to draw hydrogen from at least a part of the hydrogen plant and then release it to the environment during emergency operation of the hydrogen plant.

[0007] By designing separate process vents for normal operation and safety vents for emergency operation, hydrogen vented during normal operation and in emergency situations is spatially separated. This allows for the creation of separate, smaller hazardous areas (Ex zones) instead of one large one. These smaller Ex zones also dissipate more quickly than a single large Ex zone. The process vent and the safety vent can not only be designed for different operating modes but also connected to different parts of the hydrogen system. For example, a line to the process vent can branch off from the hydrogen line only after designated purification stages (such as liquid separators and / or drying systems). A line to the safety vent can branch off from the hydrogen line before these purification stages.Normal operation includes, for example, a start-up process, production operation, and a shutdown process. During production operation, the hydrogen plant generates elemental hydrogen of the required quality and dispenses it via a discharge port, e.g., to a customer. During the start-up and shutdown processes, the pressure or quality (e.g., water content) of the produced hydrogen may not meet the specifications, and the hydrogen may be vented via the process blow-off valve instead of being dispensed via the discharge port. The safety blow-off valve serves to vent the hydrogen from the respective hydrogen line(s) as quickly as possible in emergency operation, particularly when rapid emergency pressure relief of the hydrogen line(s) is necessary for safety reasons.

[0008] The part of the hydrogen system from which the emergency vent draws hydrogen can be, in particular, a pressurized part of the hydrogen system, meaning the hydrogen in this part of the system can be under pressure higher than ambient pressure (e.g., in a system in the form of an overpressure or counterpressure electrolyzer). The safety vent can be designed to release the drawn-in hydrogen into the environment with a time delay and / or continuously.

[0009] The safety blow-off device can have a hydrogen outlet and a buffer system. The hydrogen outlet can lead into the buffer system. The buffer system can have at least one buffer storage unit and at least one discharge configuration. The buffer storage unit can be configured to receive and at least temporarily store the hydrogen discharged through the hydrogen outlet. The discharge configuration can be configured to release the hydrogen received by the buffer storage unit to the environment with a time delay, in particular continuously. Via the buffer system, the safety blow-off device can at least temporarily receive a large quantity of discharged hydrogen to achieve emergency pressure relief. The hydrogen received in this way can then be released to the environment at a reduced rate via the discharge configuration.This means that the formation of a large Ex zone can be reliably prevented even in emergency operations.

[0010] The buffer storage tank can be at least partially flexible, preferably elastic and / or foldable. The buffer storage tank can be designed such that at least a portion of it unfolds and / or inflates during filling and collapses again during emptying. Such a buffer storage tank can occupy very little space during normal operation of the hydrogen plant, thus minimizing the dilution of hydrogen released by the process blow-off valve, while still providing sufficient storage capacity for hydrogen discharged during emergency operation. If the part of the hydrogen plant from which the buffer storage tank receives hydrogen is pressurized, it can accommodate, in particular, the volume of hydrogen that increases due to decompression.

[0011] The buffer storage tank can be rigid, at least in certain areas. It can be designed such that at least a portion of it neither expands during filling nor collapses during emptying. Such a buffer storage tank is particularly robust and provides its intended storage capacity with exceptional reliability.

[0012] Preferably, the buffer storage is designed such that absorbed hydrogen is released to the environment via a wall of the buffer storage (e.g. in a predetermined area), so that the discharge configuration is formed through the wall of the buffer storage.

[0013] The buffer storage tank, in particular its wall, can be designed, at least in certain areas, in such a way that hydrogen gas absorbed in it continuously diffuses into the environment of the buffer storage tank and / or escapes through perforations.

[0014] The buffer storage tank can be designed to be flame-resistant, for example, by being made of a flame-resistant material or having a flame-resistant coating. This prevents the flame from spreading into the volume of the buffer storage tank if escaping hydrogen mixes with ambient air in the immediate vicinity and ignites.

[0015] The buffer storage tank can be formed at least partially, in particular at least predominantly, preferably entirely, from microporous silica fabric, especially high-temperature silica, preferably with a silicon dioxide content of more than 80% or 96%, such that the discharge configuration is integrated at least partially, preferably entirely, into the buffer storage tank. The release of hydrogen from the buffer storage tank to the environment thus occurs completely automatically and naturally, without the need for specific actuators and / or controls. The rate at which the hydrogen is released from the buffer storage tank to the environment can be reliably adjusted by the specific design of the buffer storage tank.

[0016] The buffer storage tank can be formed at least partially, and in particular predominantly or completely, from ceramic fiber fabric with a defined porosity, especially based on aluminum oxide and / or silicon oxide with macroscopic permeability, such that the drain configuration is at least partially integrated into the buffer storage tank. The buffer storage tank can also be formed at least partially, and in particular predominantly or completely, from textile fabric, especially single- or multi-layered special textiles with a specific permeability to elemental hydrogen, especially with gas outlet channels provided therein, such that the drain configuration is at least partially integrated into the buffer storage tank. Such configurations are particularly suitable for implementing the buffer storage tank and, depending on the specific design, are particularly robust, reliable, and / or cost-effective.

[0017] The buffer system can comprise at least two, and in particular at least four, separate buffer storage tanks connected to the hydrogen outlet of the safety blow-off valve. Such a design is particularly reliable and spatially advantageous for adapting to given conditions. The buffer storage tanks can be designed so that, when filled, they are arranged side by side. In particular, they can be distributed circumferentially around the hydrogen outlet, e.g., in a horizontal plane. The buffer storage tanks can, for example, be distributed around the hydrogen outlet like the petals of a flower and / or have a corresponding petal shape in the horizontal cross-section. This provides a simple arrangement with improved expandability and high storage capacity.

[0018] The buffer system can comprise at least one buffer storage tank, which is divided into separate chambers, the separate chambers of the buffer storage tank being interconnected via one or more connecting channels. Such a design is particularly robust and spatially advantageous for adapting to given conditions.

[0019] The buffer system, in particular the at least one buffer storage tank, can have a volume dimensioned such that it can accommodate the hydrogen from at least part of the hydrogen system, and in particular from the entire hydrogen system. Preferably, the volume of the buffer storage tank is dimensioned such that the buffer storage tank can accommodate at least the hydrogen from a pressurized hydrogen system of the hydrogen system at ambient pressure. The hydrogen system can be the hydrogen-containing part of the system, which, for example, in an electrolysis system, directs hydrogen from the electrolysis stacks to a shut-off transfer valve, or which, for example, in a fuel cell system, transfers hydrogen from a shut-off transfer valve, where hydrogen is supplied, to the actual fuel cells. Due to its expansion, the buffer storage tank...The hydrogen expands to (almost) ambient pressure, so that the volume of hydrogen to be absorbed increases accordingly.

[0020] The buffer system can, for example, provide a volume of at least 0.05 cubic meters, in particular at least 0.2 or 0.5 cubic meters, and / or at most 5.0 cubic meters, in particular at most 3.0 cubic meters, for receiving blown-out hydrogen. Such configurations allow for the reliable collection and temporary storage of the blown-out hydrogen without damage to the buffer system. The volume can be adjusted depending on the system and can also be outside the aforementioned ranges.

[0021] The buffer system, in particular at least one buffer storage tank, can be designed to receive or retain hydrogen at the hydrogen outlet at a pressure of at least 25 bar, and in particular at least 30 or at least 40 bar. Such a design is particularly robust and therefore reliable. In particular, reliable absorption of hydrogen at this pressure from the corresponding part of the hydrogen system can thus be achieved without damage.

[0022] The expansion of the buffer storage tank reduces the pressure of the hydrogen. The volume of the buffer storage tank can be dimensioned such that, for an expected quantity of hydrogen to be vented during an emergency pressure release, a differential pressure is established between the buffer storage tank and the surrounding environment within a predetermined pressure range. This makes it possible to determine the rate (e.g., volumetric rate) at which the hydrogen escapes from the buffer storage tank by means of the vent configuration.

[0023] The process blow-off valve can be structurally and / or functionally separate from the safety blow-off valve. This enables the reliable operation of the safety blow-off valve in emergency mode, independent of a potentially faulty process blow-off valve, which may even have caused the emergency operation to be necessary in the first place. For example, the process blow-off valve and the safety blow-off valve can be connected to the hydrogen line, from which hydrogen is to be blown out, via separate lines and / or valves. Preferably, the process blow-off valve can only be activated during normal operation, while the safety blow-off valve can only be activated in emergency mode.

[0024] The hydrogen plant can include a processing system for the purification of the produced hydrogen gas. The safety vent can be connected upstream of the processing system. The process vent can be connected downstream of the processing system. This configuration is particularly functional and reliable and enables, for example, rapid pressure relief from electrolysis stacks.

[0025] The hydrogen system can include an actively controlled or reactive safety vent valve for controlling the flow of hydrogen to or through the safety vent. The hydrogen system can be designed such that, in an emergency, the safety vent valve opens to relieve pressure in the hydrogen system via the safety vent. Such a design is particularly functional and reliable.

[0026] The hydrogen system can include an actively controlled or reactive process blow-off valve for controlling the flow of hydrogen to or through the process blow-off valve. The hydrogen system can be designed such that, during normal operation, the process blow-off valve is opened to discharge hydrogen, particularly continuously, into the environment via the process blow-off valve. Such a design is particularly functional and reliable.

[0027] The hydrogen system can have a control system that is set up to release elemental hydrogen to the environment only via the process blow-off valve during normal operation and to perform an emergency pressure relief by means of hydrogen release via the safety blow-off valve during emergency operation.

[0028] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a safety vent for a hydrogen system. The safety vent can be designed according to the above descriptions. In particular, the safety vent can be provided independently (separately) from the hydrogen system.

[0029] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for operating a hydrogen system. The method can comprise the following steps: operating the hydrogen system in normal operation; venting elemental hydrogen to the environment by means of a process vent depending on an operating state of the hydrogen system in normal operation (e.g., starting up or shutting down the system); optionally monitoring the hydrogen system in normal operation; and operating the hydrogen system in emergency operation upon detection of a predetermined safety-relevant condition. In emergency operation, elemental hydrogen from at least a portion of the (optionally pressurized) hydrogen system is drawn in by a safety vent. The drawn-in hydrogen is released by the safety vent (preferably with a time delay) to the environment. The method can achieve advantages similar to those described above.

[0030] The process may include one or more of the steps described in relation to the hydrogen plant. The hydrogen plant used in the process may have any of the configurations described herein.

[0031] The features of the embodiments described above and aspects of the present invention can be combined with one another. In particular, within the scope of the present invention, the features disclosed above and below can be used not only in the respective combinations, but also in other combinations or individually. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, identical reference numerals denote identical or similar elements. Fig. Figure 1 is a schematic drawing showing an exemplary hydrogen plant according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. Figure 2 is a schematic drawing illustrating the formation of separate Ex zones when hydrogen is blown out via a process blow-off and via a safety blow-off. Fig. 3 is a schematic drawing depicting a blow-off process with the hydrogen plant from Fig. Figure 1 illustrates normal operation of the hydrogen plant. Fig. 4 is a schematic drawing depicting a blow-off process with the hydrogen plant from Fig. Figure 1 illustrates during an emergency operation of the hydrogen plant. Fig. Figure 5 is a schematic drawing showing an exemplary design of a buffer system with a plurality of buffer storage units. DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE FORMS OF EXECUTION

[0033] The following describes embodiments of the invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is understood that the following description of the embodiments serves only for illustration and is not to be understood in a limiting sense. It should be noted that the drawings are to be considered only as schematic representations and that the elements in the drawings are not necessarily to scale. Rather, the representation of the various elements is chosen so that their function and general purpose become apparent to a person skilled in the art. The singular forms "a" or "an" used here also include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprise," "exhibit," "have," and "include" are to be understood as open terms (i.e., in the sense of "including, but not limited to"), unless otherwise specified.

[0034] Fig. Figure 1 schematically shows a hydrogen plant 100 with a process blow-off device 10 and a safety blow-off device 20 for the controlled release of elemental hydrogen. The hydrogen plant 100 shown is used for the production of elemental hydrogen by electrolysis. For this purpose, the hydrogen plant 100 comprises a transformer 102, a rectifier, and, for example, two or more electrolysis stacks 106, which can be connected electrically in series or in parallel. The electrolysis stacks 106 are integrated into a process water circuit. Process water discharged from the electrolysis stacks 106 is fed to the oxygen separator 117, which has a drain 110 for the discharge of elemental oxygen. The oxygen separator 117 is, in turn, connected to the electrolysis stacks 106 via a pump and a water treatment unit 118. Hydrogen produced by the electrolysis stacks 106 is discharged via a hydrogen line, e.g., to a discharge port 112.Furthermore, the hydrogen plant 100 comprises one or more liquid separators 116 for separating water from the produced hydrogen and a drying plant 120 for the produced hydrogen, through which the produced hydrogen is conveyed via the hydrogen line. Units 116 and 120 can form a processing system for the produced hydrogen.

[0035] The process blow-off valve 10 is connected via a process blow-off valve 114 to the hydrogen line from the electrolysis stacks 106 to the output port 112, e.g., downstream of a liquid separator 116 or the processing system. The safety blow-off valve 20 is connected via a safety blow-off valve 122 to the hydrogen line from the electrolysis stacks 106 to the output port 112, e.g., upstream of a liquid separator 116 or the processing system. Of course, a different arrangement of process blow-off valve 10 and safety blow-off valve 20 (e.g., reversed) is conceivable.

[0036] Fig. Figure 2 schematically shows the hydrogen plant 100. Fig. Figure 1 shows the Ex zones (see the dashed outlines) for the process blow-off valve 10 and the safety blow-off valve 20. The process blow-off valve 10 and the safety blow-off valve 20 can be spatially separated so that the venting of hydrogen via the safety blow-off valve 20 does not lead to a further enlargement of the Ex zone around the process blow-off valve 10, but rather to the formation of a separate Ex zone around the safety blow-off valve 20. The safety blow-off valve 20 can also be designed in such a way that no Ex zone is formed. Further with reference to the Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. Preferably, only one of the two blow-off valves 10 and 20 is operated at any given time. Specifically, for example, in normal operation the process blow-off valve 114 is opened to release elemental hydrogen into the environment through the process blow-off valve 10 (if necessary), while the safety blow-off valve 122 is closed (in Fig. 3 indicated by the cloud above the process blow-off valve 10 and the cross above the safety blow-off valve 20). In emergency operation, the safety blow-off valve 122 can be opened while the process blow-off valve 114 is closed (in Fig. 4 indicated by the cloud above the safety blow-off 20 and the cross above the process blow-off 10).

[0037] As in Fig. As shown schematically in Figure 4, the safety blow-off device 20 can have a buffer system 30 into which a hydrogen outlet 22 of the safety blow-off device 20 opens. The buffer system 30 can include a buffer storage container 32 and a discharge configuration 34 to at least temporarily absorb the discharged hydrogen and then continuously release it to the environment with a time delay. The buffer storage container 32 can be designed as a bag that is at least partially flexible (see Figure 4). Fig. 4) The buffer storage tank 32 can expand when it is filled with hydrogen to be discharged. The buffer storage tank 32 collapses again when the absorbed hydrogen is released into the environment. The hydrogen concentration within the buffer storage tank 32 can thus be maintained at a level that prevents the formation of an explosive mixture. In particular, a (slight) overpressure relative to the environment can always be maintained in the buffer storage tank when it is inflated or expanded. This prevents ambient air from entering the buffer storage tank. In preferred embodiments, the buffer storage tank 32 and the discharge configuration 34 can be designed to be gas-tight such that ambient air, and in particular the oxygen contained therein, cannot enter the buffer storage tank and, in particular, cannot accumulate in it before use.

[0038] The release of hydrogen to the environment can occur, for example, via a predefined permeability of the buffer storage 32, which thus acts as a drain configuration 34. For instance, the buffer storage 32 can be perforated and / or made of a material, such as textile fabric or, more specifically, silica fabric, with a predefined permeability. This allows the drain configuration 34 for releasing the hydrogen to be at least partially integrated directly into the buffer storage 32. The buffer storage 32 can be rigid, at least in sections, so that at least part of it opens up during filling or retains its shape completely.

[0039] The discharge configuration can be designed so that the release of hydrogen from the buffer storage tank occurs very slowly. In particular, the discharge can be carried out at a flow rate dimensioned such that only a very small or essentially no hazardous area (Ex zone) forms outside the buffer storage tank. For example, the flow rate of hydrogen released through the buffer storage tank can be dimensioned so that the hydrogen concentration in the air surrounding the buffer storage tank does not exceed 4%, 3.5%, or 3%. This enables the safe venting of hydrogen in an emergency.

[0040] With regard to Fig. It should be mentioned that the buffer system 30 can also comprise a plurality of appropriately designed buffer storage units 32, for example, five such buffer storage units 32. These buffer storage units 32 can then all be connected (e.g., in parallel) to the hydrogen outlet 22. It would also be conceivable to divide the buffer storage unit(s) 32 into separate chambers, which are connected to each other via connecting channels.

[0041] The buffer system 30 can be dimensioned such that it can accommodate at least a certain portion, preferably the entire volume, of the hydrogen in the connected part of the hydrogen system. The hydrogen can be carried under pressure, e.g., 25–40 bar, in the hydrogen line, and the buffer storage tank(s) can be dimensioned to accommodate the corresponding volume at (near) ambient pressure. With a volume of hydrogen in the corresponding (pressurized) part of the hydrogen system (for example, in the hydrogen line, the hydrogen side of the electrolysis stacks 106 and the liquid separators 116, as well as the hydrogen drying unit 120), the volume can be 30–100 l at a pressure of 25–40 bar, e.g., 50 l at 36 bar. The buffer storage tank 32 can then have a volume of approximately 36 × 50 l = 1800 l (or 1.8 cubic meters) at ambient pressure.

[0042] The following describes, as an exemplary embodiment of the method, an exemplary operation of the hydrogen plant 100 with the configuration of the Fig. 1 described.

[0043] Initially, the hydrogen plant 100 is started up. At this stage, the hydrogen plant 100 is not yet able to provide elemental hydrogen of the desired quality (e.g., due to an increased water vapor content) or at the desired pressure. For this reason, the process blow-off valve 114 is not configured to direct the produced hydrogen to the output port 112, but instead to discharge the produced hydrogen to the process blow-off valve 10. The lower-quality hydrogen is thus not discharged via output port 112, but is vented into the environment via process blow-off valve 10. As soon as the produced hydrogen reaches the desired quality and is supplied at a predetermined pressure of, for example, between 30 and 35 bar, the process blow-off valve 114 is switched so that the produced hydrogen is no longer directed to process blow-off valve 10, but to output port 112.A controlled shutdown of the hydrogen plant 100 can be carried out similarly to the start-up, only in reverse order. Here too, the produced hydrogen does not meet the desired specifications and is discharged via the process blow-off valve 10 instead of through the output port 112. All of this falls under the term "normal operation" as defined here. Therefore, whether or not a blow-off occurs via the process blow-off valve 10 can depend on the operating state of the hydrogen plant during normal operation.

[0044] The method can include monitoring the hydrogen system to detect a predetermined safety-relevant condition, for example, via a separate emergency control system or a safety monitoring system. If a predetermined safety-relevant condition is detected, the system can be put into emergency operation. As soon as such emergency operation is triggered, rapid emergency pressure relief of the hydrogen system 100 may be necessary. For this purpose, the safety vent valve 122 is opened and the produced hydrogen is discharged into the safety vent 20. The discharged hydrogen is then released to the environment through the safety vent 20. Preferably, no simultaneous discharge of hydrogen occurs through the output port 112 and / or process vent 10, for example, by keeping the process vent valve 114 completely closed.Predefined safety-relevant conditions, and thus triggers for emergency operation and / or emergency pressure relief, can include the detection of leaks, overpressure, impermissible temperatures, and / or electrical faults. The separate safety vent 20 prevents the formation of large, contiguous explosion-proof zones when emergency operation with pressure relief of the hydrogen system 100 is activated. The safety vent can also be configured so that no explosion-proof zone is formed, for example, by releasing the hydrogen via the buffer storage tank at a sufficiently slow rate.

[0045] Other configurations are conceivable. For example, instead of releasing the hydrogen through the wall of the buffer storage tank, it can also be released via one or more separate outlets. Even in such a case, a significantly smaller EX zone can be achieved compared to a conventional solution where the venting occurs during operation and in an emergency via the same vent.

[0046] The disclosed embodiments serve only for illustration and are not limiting with respect to the claimed subject matter. Reference symbol list 10 process blow-off valves 20 safety blow-off valves 22 Hydrogen outlet 30 Buffer system 32 buffer storage tanks 34 Drain configuration 100 hydrogen plants 102 Transformer 104 rectifiers 106 Electrolysis stack 110 Outlet for elemental oxygen 112 Output port for elemental hydrogen 114 Process blow-off valve 116 liquid separators 117 oxygen separators 118 Water treatment unit 120 drying plant 122 Safety blow-off valve

Claims

[1] Hydrogen plant (100), in particular for the production of elemental hydrogen, wherein the hydrogen plant (100) has at least one process blow-off device (10) and at least one separate safety blow-off device (20) for blowing out elemental hydrogen, wherein the process blow-off device (10) is designed to blow elemental hydrogen into the environment in a controlled manner during normal operation of the hydrogen plant (100), and wherein the safety vent (20) is designed to take in elemental hydrogen from at least part of the hydrogen plant (100) in an emergency operation of the hydrogen plant (100) and then release it to the environment. [2] Hydrogen plant (100) according to claim 1, wherein the safety blow-off device (20) has a hydrogen outlet (22) and a buffer system (30) into which the hydrogen outlet (22) leads, wherein the buffer system (30) comprises at least one buffer storage (32) and at least one drain configuration (34), wherein the buffer storage (32) is designed to receive and at least temporarily store the hydrogen expelled through the hydrogen outlet (22), wherein the discharge configuration (34) is designed to release hydrogen absorbed by the buffer storage (32) to the environment with a time delay. [3] Hydrogen plant (100) according to claim 2, wherein the buffer storage (32) is designed to be flexible at least in some areas, preferably elastic and / or foldable, wherein the buffer storage (32) is in particular designed such that at least part of the buffer storage (32) unfolds and / or inflates during its filling and collapses again during its emptying. [4] Hydrogen plant (100) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the buffer storage (32) is designed at least in certain areas such that hydrogen gas absorbed in it continuously diffuses into the environment of the buffer storage (32) and / or escapes through perforations. [5] Hydrogen plant (100) according to one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the buffer storage (32) is formed at least partially, in particular predominantly or completely, from microporous silica fabric, in particular from high-temperature silica, preferably with a silicon dioxide content of more than 80% or 96%, such that the drain configuration (34) is at least partially integrated into the buffer storage (32); and / or wherein the buffer storage (32) is formed at least partially, in particular predominantly or completely, from ceramic fiber fabric with a defined porosity, in particular based on aluminum oxide and / or silicon oxide with macroscopic permeability, such that the drain configuration (34) is at least partially integrated into the buffer storage (32); and / or wherein the buffer storage (32) is formed at least partially, in particular predominantly or completely, from textile fabric, in particular from single- or multi-layered special textiles with a certain permeability for elemental hydrogen, in particular with gas outlet channels provided therein, so that the drain configuration (34) is at least partially integrated into the buffer storage (32). [6] Hydrogen system (100) according to one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the buffer system (30) comprises at least two, in particular at least four separate buffer storage tanks (32) which are connected to the hydrogen outlet (22) of the safety blow-off device (20). [7] Hydrogen system (100) according to one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the buffer system (30) comprises at least one buffer storage (32) which is divided into separate chambers, wherein the separate chambers of the buffer storage (32) are connected to each other via one or more connecting channels. [8] Hydrogen system (100) according to one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the buffer system (30), in particular the at least one buffer storage (32), has a volume dimensioned such that it can receive the hydrogen from at least a part of the hydrogen system (100), in particular from the entire hydrogen system (100), wherein the buffer system (30) preferably provides a volume of at least 0.05, in particular at least 0.2, cubic meters and / or at most 5.0, in particular at most 3.0, cubic meters for receiving blown-out hydrogen. [9] Hydrogen system (100) according to one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the buffer system (30), in particular at least one buffer storage (32), is designed to withstand a pressure of at least 25 bar, in particular at least 30 or at least 40 bar, at the hydrogen outlet (22). [10] Hydrogen plant (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the process blow-off device (10) is structurally and / or functionally separated from the safety blow-off device (20). [11] Hydrogen plant (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hydrogen plant (100) comprises a processing system (116, 120) for processing a produced hydrogen gas, wherein the safety vent (20) is connected upstream of the processing system (116, 120), and / or wherein the process blow-off device (10) is connected downstream of the processing system (116, 120). [12] Hydrogen plant (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hydrogen system (100) has an actively controlled or reactive safety vent valve (122) for controlling a flow of hydrogen to or through the safety vent (20), wherein the hydrogen system (100) is configured such that in emergency operation the safety vent valve (122) is opened to perform an emergency pressure relief of the hydrogen system (100) via the safety vent (20), and / or wherein the hydrogen system (100) has an actively controlled or reactive process blow-off valve (114) for controlling a flow of hydrogen to or through the process blow-off valve (10), wherein the hydrogen system (100) is designed such that in normal operation the process blow-off valve (114) is opened to discharge hydrogen into the environment via the process blow-off valve (10). [13] Hydrogen system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the hydrogen system (100) has a control system which is configured to discharge hydrogen to the environment exclusively via the process blow-off valve (10) during normal operation and to perform emergency pressure relief by means of hydrogen discharge via the safety blow-off valve (20) during emergency operation. [14] Safety blow-off device (20) for a hydrogen plant (100), wherein the safety blow-off device (20) is designed according to at least one of the preceding claims.

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