Packaging material processing line with roller motion function as well as computer program product and use

Abstract

Packaging material processing line (100) configured for the fully automated processing of packaging material cartons (1), in particular folding carton cartons, into packaging material products by at least two processing steps from the group embossing, folding, gluing, cutting, printing, bundling / packing, wherein the packaging material processing line (100) is configured to process the packaging material cartons (1) arranged in a horizontal plane (xy1) and to align them in this horizontal plane at least approximately about the vertical axis by an azimuth angle (α) or at a predefined / predefinable azimuth angle (α), and is configured to rotate the aligned packaging material cartons (1) about at least one further spatial axis;characterized in that the packaging material processing line (100) has a rolling motion function implemented in particular downstream of at least one processing step from the group embossing, folding, gluing, cutting, printing and is configured to rotate a subset of the aligned packaging material cartons (1) about the at least one further spatial axis by at least one rolling motion in a rolling motion direction about a longitudinal axis (X1) aligned in the processing direction, in particular about a rolling angle (β) of at least 90°, in particular about a rolling angle of at least approximately 180°.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

[0001] The present invention relates to a packaging material processing line for the fully automated processing of packaging material cartons into packaging material products by at least two processing steps from the group consisting of embossing, folding, gluing, cutting, printing, bundling / packing, wherein the packaging material processing line is configured to process the packaging material cartons arranged in a horizontal plane and to align them in this horizontal plane at least approximately about the vertical axis at an azimuth angle or at a predefined / predefinable azimuth angle, and is configured to rotate the aligned packaging material cartons about at least one further spatial axis.Furthermore, the present invention also relates to computer implementations for controlling a method for the fully automated processing of packaging material cartons into packaging material products using such a packaging material processing line, particularly for folding carton cartons. Finally, the present invention also relates to the use of at least one control component for controlling a process for rotating packaging material cartons by at least one rolling motion, as well as the use of a rolling motion kinematics for equipping a packaging material processing line with such a rolling motion function. In particular, the invention relates to a packaging material processing line and computer implementations for controlling a correspondingly executable method according to the preamble of the respective independent claim. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] When processing cardboard packaging materials, especially in the context of packing and bundling a large number of subsets of, for example, five, ten, or twenty cardboard packaging materials, process variability is advantageous, particularly with regard to different geometries, base areas, or aspect ratios and / or unevenly distributed thicknesses or material strengths of the possibly folded cardboard boxes, depending on the order or product, especially also with regard to the highly variable configurations of the cardboard boxes depending on the end product to be packaged, and last but not least, with regard to different spatial orientations of the cardboard boxes (depending on the order) relative to the processing direction of the processing line.

[0003] According to current technology, attempts are being made to implement a concept for packaging material processing lines in which the cardboard boxes are rotated around a spatial axis during bundling, either far downstream at the end of the processing process or far downstream at the exit of the packaging material processing line. This rotation is advantageous because it allows for the efficient compensation of uneven thickness distribution when packing / bundling the boxes into relatively large stacks / packages. It has recently been shown that such a process can also be advantageously combined with quality control and quality assurance, including associated measures (e.g., reject reduction). However, this concept may only be practically applicable at a very specific stage of the processing process.An example is publication DE 20 2025 102 121 U1, which describes a packing process in combination with a rejection process that can be initiated selectively for lower-quality cardboard boxes.

[0004] Based on this, there is interest in further technical possibilities that enable a more variable and flexible integration of comparable fully automated handling measures at other or further process stages of a packaging material processing line. These possibilities should also be particularly advantageous for individual implementation depending on the specific packaging configuration (especially with regard to different thickness variations, particularly in folding carton cartons), especially considering high throughput and cycle rates, and also with a view to simplifying subsequent logistics steps after the processing of the cartons. Based on the current state of the art, there is also a clear need for process integration options to optimize the bundling / packing method, ideally independent of specific carton designs.Last but not least, there is also interest in new measures to facilitate the optimization of bundling / packing methods depending on the packaging of the cartons, particularly with regard to process requirements for fully automated efficient processing of folding carton boards. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The task is to provide a packaging material processing line for the fully automated processing of cardboard packaging, along with corresponding computer implementations for controlling the process. This will allow the cardboard to be processed in the most flexible and variable way possible, and even in the case of uneven material thickness distribution, particularly in folded cardboard boxes, to be packed or bundled to a high standard, even into relatively large packages, especially with elongated shapes and unequal side lengths. The task also includes designing such a processing line and computer implementation in such a way as to...to further develop the ability to implement fully automated handling and optional processing of cardboard boxes, particularly in preparation for the bundling and / or packing step, in the most variable way possible, and to provide for different stages of the processing process and to customize it.

[0006] This problem is solved by a packaging material processing line according to claim 1, by computer implementations according to the dependent computer program product claim, and by uses according to the corresponding dependent use claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are explained in the respective dependent claims. The features of the exemplary embodiments described below can be combined with one another unless explicitly stated otherwise.

[0007] A packaging material processing line is provided, which is set up for the fully automated processing of packaging material cartons, in particular folding carton cartons, into packaging material products by at least two processing steps from the group embossing, folding, gluing, cutting, printing, bundling / packing, optionally also drying, wherein the packaging material processing line is set up to process the packaging material cartons arranged in a horizontal plane, in particular in a largely flat state, and to align them in this horizontal plane at an azimuth angle or in a predefined / predefinable azimuth angle at least approximately around the vertical axis, in particular in a longitudinal orientation with one / the longer side of the packaging material cartons at least approximately in the processing direction.and is configured to rotate the aligned packaging material cartons about at least one further spatial axis; according to the invention, it is proposed that the packaging material processing line has (or includes or has implemented) a rolling motion function, in particular downstream of at least one processing step from the group embossing, folding, gluing, cutting, printing, and is configured to rotate a subset of the aligned packaging material cartons about the at least one further spatial axis by at least one rolling (or by at least one rolling movement) in a rolling motion direction about a longitudinal axis aligned in the processing direction, in particular about a rolling angle of at least 90°,in particular, a rolling angle of at least approximately 180°. This facilitates a particularly flexible and variable method of processing the cardboard, especially with regard to a preparatory step upstream of bundling / packing, particularly when there is a significant uneven distribution of material thickness among the cardboard boxes arranged at least approximately in a flat plane. Specifically, when bundling cardboard boxes with noticeable thickness variations and / or base area-to-side ratios with significantly differing side lengths (e.g., a very elongated shape with unequal side lengths and, when folded, particularly great thickness at only one long end), the process, thanks to the rolling motion function, can be designed in such a way that comparatively large bundles can be efficiently created for at least an approximately perpendicular target orientation.especially at high cycle rates and optionally also with a large number of cartons per subset or bundle.

[0008] Thickness unevenness refers in particular to a thickening (in the vertical direction) of the respective flat, folded cardboard box caused by folding cardboard boxes, which is unevenly distributed over the base area occupied and can occur independently of any variation in material thickness, i.e., even if the material thickness of the cardboard box used is more or less homogeneous or evenly distributed.

[0009] The present invention enables process adjustments in a comparatively simple manner, particularly for a batch of specific cardboard box types, especially also with reference to at least one parameter that defines the design of the cardboard box as such, in particular the amount and relative arrangement of a thickness uneven distribution. For example, based on such a parameter, the cycle time or the number of cardboard boxes per subset to be rotated / rolled can also be specified.

[0010] It is to be understood that rotation by rolling, especially in the case of an elongated basic shape with unequal side lengths of the cardboard boxes, can be implemented optionally with respect to one side edge (e.g. the shorter one) or the other.

[0011] Where the present disclosure refers to cardboard, this is to be understood synonymously as a correspondingly rigid cardboard material which, unlike thin sheets of paper, has a comparatively high inherent stability with regard to shear, torsion and bending and can therefore be handled fully automatically, either individually or in a shingled or bundled arrangement, according to the handling steps described here.

[0012] Insofar as the present disclosure refers to subset, bundle, package, and batch, this means, on the one hand, a predefinable number, e.g., five cardboard boxes, to form a subset, which can be bundled to create a package, e.g., from several bundles. The entire batch relates to a specific order, which specifies the desired configuration of the bundles / packages and, if applicable, a specific design of the cardboard boxes. A batch may therefore specify at least two processing steps. In this respect, the phrase "at least one subset in each case" refers to an implementation in which the rolling motion is performed selectively for, e.g., five or ten pieces (subset) of the packaging cardboard boxes, for example, for every second processed subset.

[0013] Insofar as the present disclosure refers to yawing, this is to be understood, on the one hand, as a tilting motion originating from the longitudinal orientation in a first direction around the vertical / yaw axis, and on the other hand, also as an optionally counter-clockwise yawing movement in the form of at least one back-and-forth oscillation of the tilting motion around the vertical axis back to the longitudinal orientation, or even beyond, and only then back to the longitudinal orientation. In this respect, longitudinal orientation, synonymous with the intended flight direction of, for example, an aircraft (to remain within the terminology of a vehicle-fixed coordinate system), can also be understood as the direction of travel specified by the process or by the processing line for the respective cardboard packaging.

[0014] When the present disclosure refers to rolling, this is to be understood, on the one hand, in a broader sense, as a rotation about the axis of rolling motion starting from the orientation in the horizontal plane (and especially in the longitudinal orientation) at least in a first direction of rolling motion; on the other hand, in a narrower sense, it also includes a counter-rotating rolling motion in the form of at least one back-and-forth roll back to the previous orientation or even beyond, and only then back to the previous orientation. The rolling, in particular a back-rolling motion in the opposite direction of rolling motion, can be carried out by the appropriate kinematics both in a loaded state and in an empty, unloaded state. Optionally, the at least one rolling motion can be designed as a movement in only one direction of motion with one or more stops along the circumference.In this respect, the horizontal plane alignment, synonymous with the intended flight direction of, for example, an aircraft (to remain within the terminology of a vehicle-fixed coordinate system), can be understood as the horizontal plane specified by the process or by the processing line for the respective cardboard packaging.

[0015] Insofar as the present disclosure refers to a processing step, this is to be understood in a broader sense as a process acting on the cardboard boxes at the processing line, e.g., combining subsets into bundles, or arranging them in a shingled fashion, or drying or singulating a subset, or forming subsets of a predefinable number, in particular from the shingled arrangement, or subsequent bundling / packing; and in a narrower sense as a process that also modifies the cardboard boxes as such, e.g., for the purpose of individually designing a specific batch (quantity of all cardboard boxes of a processing order, especially a customer-specific one) or one or more subsets, or for the purpose of processing a specific order, e.g., characterized by a particular type of printing, i.e., embossing, folding, gluing, cutting and / or printing (specifying the finishing of the cardboard boxes).Depending on the specific design of an alignment step, alignment can be part of a processing step or a separate processing step, particularly in a broader sense. Alignment can, for example, include arranging the cardboard sheets in a shingled / overlapping pattern, and a drying process can be incorporated during (or immediately before or after) alignment. Alignment does not necessarily involve a specific angular adjustment but can also include a slight angle correction of a few degrees, for example, using guide rails adjustable in relative position and angle. Alternatively, alignment can involve a relatively large realignment of the cardboard sheets, for example, by 45° or 90°. This realignment can also be implemented by changing the feed / processing direction, for example, by creating a kink or...a constructive change in angle in the longitudinal alignment of the processing line as such.

[0016] Insofar as the present disclosure refers to a horizontal plane, this is to be understood as a geometric reference on the one hand, but not as a strictly mathematical description on the other, especially since folded cardboard boxes arranged in at least an approximately horizontal orientation also have a certain extent in the vertical direction, and since the cardboard boxes can also be processed in a scaly-overlapping arrangement.

[0017] Personalized terms, unless explicitly formulated in the neuter gender, may refer to all genders within the context of this disclosure. Any foreign-language expressions or abbreviations used here are standard industry terms and are familiar to those skilled in the art. Any synonymous German terms used / available may be indicated here in parentheses for the sake of completeness, or vice versa.

[0018] It is understood that the implementation of AI models, provided it is advantageously implementable for the control / regulation described here, can, within the scope of the present invention, include a computer infrastructure or data processing architecture, particularly at the core of at least one computing unit, which facilitates and / or makes the execution of ML algorithms more powerful and / or faster (up to real-time processing) and / or more energy-efficient, or at least partially enables them in the first place. In this way, decision-making processes of neural AI networks can be implemented comparatively quickly and (energy-)efficiently, especially in end devices (edge), for example, in the context of data processing and data storage, such as for energy-optimized data storage, and / or in conjunction with the use of spin losses or similar technologies.in combination with so-called spintronic measures, especially for particularly small and energy-efficient semiconductor devices. For example, the computer-based and chip-based methods described here include at least one of the following components: photonic AI chips, especially with silicon photonic structures (combination of electronic and optical data processing processes), spintronic semiconductor devices, optical waveguides at least partially instead of or at least in addition to electronic semiconductors, as well as multiplexing components, photon modulators, photodetectors, ring resonators, at least one dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) component for the simultaneous processing of multiple data channels, at least one optical circuit integrated into at least one neural network (NN) or into a deep neural network (DNN), and at least one photonic processor.For example, at least one neural network (NN) and / or deep neural network (DNN) is executed directly at the hardware level. This allows for particularly fast analysis of very large datasets. For instance, at least one photonic component is printed directly onto a wafer, specifically at least one of the following: optical amplifiers, photonic integrated circuits (PICs), polarization converters, splitters, optical fibers, and phase modulators. It should be understood that, in addition to such infrastructure specialized for AI applications, an implementation of so-called Neural Architecture Prediction (NAP) methods can also be used, either alternatively or additionally. AI models based on these methods can, for example, be combined with AI architectures such as transformers, LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), and GNN (Graph Neural Network).neural networks (specialized for processing information based on graphics and charts), and / or RNNs (Recurrent Neural Networks) can be combined, especially for the purpose of implementing AI measures even on at least partially comparatively old hardware, which is (still) not necessarily designed at the hardware level for an optimized application of AI measures.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the packaging material processing line has a control device configured to specify the rotation by at least one roller (or by at least one roller movement) based on at least one parameter at at least one control component of the packaging material processing line, for example, depending on at least one transfer parameter and / or at least one bundling parameter. This also facilitates efficient process coordination with further processing steps.

[0020] The packaging material processing line is advantageous, in particular a module designed / implementable for this purpose, equipped for a continuous, in particular a full 360° rolling motion in at least one of the two opposing rolling directions.

[0021] According to one embodiment, the packaging material processing line has a rolling motion kinematic system by means of which the rolling motion function is ensured, in particular a rolling motion kinematic system comprising at least two sheet guides arranged at different longitudinal positions. This can ensure, on the one hand, comparatively high stability and alignment accuracy, and on the other hand, the rolling motion, especially with a comparatively elongated (top view) base area, can take place around an axis about which the cardboard boxes, e.g., ten of them, have a comparatively small moment of inertia, which ultimately contributes to a comparatively high rotational speed even with good energy efficiency.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the packaging material processing line is set up for a first rolling direction and an opposite second rolling direction. This allows for even greater process variability, for example, in that the cardboard boxes can be rotated or rolled in different longitudinal / transverse orientations even if the material thickness is unevenly distributed not only in one spatial direction but in at least two.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the packaging material processing line is configured to define the number of cardboard boxes per batch to be rotated, particularly depending on at least one parameter, especially concerning the amount and / or relative position and / or extent of a thickness unevenness, particularly in folded cardboard boxes. This also allows for process adjustments, especially in the context of processing downstream of a staggered arrangement of the cardboard boxes.

[0024] According to one embodiment, the packaging material processing line has a modular module / roller motion module that can be integrated into the processing process between a process for embossing, folding, gluing, cutting or printing and a bundling / packing process, and is configured to perform the rotation and optionally also the alignment (or at least a sub-process of alignment, e.g., readjustment or realignment of an already aligned carton or group of cartons) by means of the module / roller motion module, wherein the packaging material processing line is specifically configured by means of the roller motion kinematics integrated into the module for the processual integration of rotation by rollers based on at least one transfer parameter and for performing the rotation by rollers based on at least one roller motion parameter.A modularly designed integration of the rolling motion function into the (processing) process can further increase the variability of the processing (process and / or processing line) by allowing the rolling motion function to be supplemented upstream and / or downstream with additional functions, e.g., regarding the alignment or spatial orientation of the cardboard boxes, e.g., also in the context of drying cardboard boxes arranged in a shingled pattern.

[0025] It is understandable that the module described here offers numerous advantages for the rolling motion, particularly with regard to variability and flexibility in the process-related linking or sequential execution of different processing steps. However, it is also clear to those skilled in the art, based on the present disclosure, that the rolling motion function can also be provided as a fixed / integrated component of the processing line or as a functional component of a further, higher-level module.

[0026] It is also important to understand that the rolling motion function can be implemented as a purely optional measure in addition to a purely translational transfer, for example, depending on a bundling parameter, which might be determined by the bundling / packing method. Thus, it is conceivable that different customer-specific delivery methods for the same order may be required in different quantities, e.g., packages of 100 pieces or packages of only 50 pieces. This allows the method of grouping individual cartons into subsets (including the number of cartons in a subset) to be processed individually, thereby eliminating the need for rotation by rolling, for which a transfer without rotation by rolling is advantageous.Alternatively, rotation by rolling through 360° can be performed, provided that this is easier to implement in the individual case than a transfer without rotation.

[0027] Advantageously, at least one control component from the following group is provided: actuator, encoder (in particular rotary encoder), sensor (in particular angle of rotation or speed sensor, material thickness and / or thickness sensor).

[0028] The term "control component" refers in particular to any component or means that can be implemented using control / regulation technology in connection with the control and / or regulation processes described here, especially with regard to the transfer of the cardboard boxes and their cyclical or partial rolling and further transfer, and in particular also components with drive or propulsion function.

[0029] The term "material transfer point" refers in particular to an interface predefined by the design concept of the processing line and module, either upstream or downstream of the module, specifically designed for the transfer of cardboard boxes based on at least one (transfer) parameter. For example, the material transfer point includes a height-adjustable arrangement by means of which the cardboard boxes can be transferred, e.g., in a consistent orientation and / or horizontal plane, at least across the interface.

[0030] The module has at least one control component that can be coupled to at least one (control) signal, by means of which at least one parameter relating to the transfer speed to be ensured by the module between the material transfer point upstream and the material transfer point downstream, and optionally also an orientation of the cardboard boxes, can be specified, in particular with the parameter, depending on the operating state and / or type of processing, wherein the at least one control component in particular comprises a measuring transmitter coupled to at least one drive of the module, which is in communication with the processing line or can be brought into communication with it (i.e., which is set up to acquire and transfer at least one measuring parameter or drive parameter between the processing line and the module).

[0031] This can involve the formation of subsets at different process stages, e.g. from a shingled arrangement or from an arrangement that is one behind the other without overlap, by grouping, for example, five cardboard boxes into a subset in a split state.

[0032] For example, the rolling described here occurs after a change in the orientation of the cardboard boxes (folding cartons). Alternatively, the rolling process described here can also be combined along the same processing line with a turning process around a transverse axis in or against the feed direction (tilting, forward tilting in the direction of travel and / or in the opposite direction).

[0033] A control device connected to at least one control component can also ensure that the module can be controlled / regulated independently of other components or processing stations in the processing line and adapted to a specific process. This can also ensure flexible / variable use of the module across a wide range of applications and areas of use.

[0034] For example, the processing line includes a flat carton machine / system (FKM or folding carton gluing machine) and / or a feeding system for hot application of adhesives or the like (HST). For example, the HST is arranged upstream of the FKM. For cartons, which, especially when folded, do not have a square or uniformly large base area extending in all directions, the module can also be given parameters such that a variation in cycle time and / or transfer speed can be taken into account with regard to different base area-to-aspect ratios of the cartons, depending on the upstream / downstream movement path of the cartons, and / or depending on the desired packing / bundling format, and / or to what extent the cartons are reoriented around at least one spatial axis.The corresponding transfer / displacement speed can be adjusted accordingly, whereby optionally at least two speed-related control components can be provided on the module, in particular a (first) control component relating to the upstream parameter(s) and a further (second) control component relating to the downstream parameter(s).

[0035] Preferably, the method or process described here is carried out using a module described here, in particular by positioning the module in the processing line between two sub-processes or processing steps and coupling it upstream and / or downstream with the corresponding system component via a control component, at least with regard to the transfer speed (and / or cycle rate) and the rolling motion angle.

[0036] Control components and sensor components, or other components relating to the module's independence, may include in particular: at least one drive, one control unit, one power supply, and control components, especially from the following group: actuators, encoders (especially rotary encoders), and sensors, particularly angle or speed sensors. Their arrangement and coupling can be individually adapted to each application, if necessary.

[0037] According to one embodiment, the packaging material processing line is configured to perform rotation about at least one additional spatial axis using a roller motion module. The packaging cartons are transferred to this module at a first material transfer point and are ejected or forwarded from it at a second material transfer point. The module can be connected in series within the process. This also facilitates the implementation of the roller motion function in the context of batch processing, where the roller motion process can be individually tailored to a predefined number of cartons per batch or bundle / package thickness, depending on the carton configuration and desired batch sizes / packaging units.

[0038] According to one embodiment, the packaging material processing line has a transfer unit with a plurality of translationally circulating belts acting on the top and bottom sides. It is configured to transfer the respective carton or subset, depending on at least one transfer parameter, particularly regarding the carton length, to the roller motion kinematics at a (first) material transfer point and / or to discharge it from the roller motion kinematics at a further (second) material transfer point. Advantageously, the transfer unit is coupled to the roller motion kinematics or rotates with them during rolling. This also facilitates material feeding in conjunction with the corresponding roller motion function, particularly by means of a module providing the roller motion kinematics, thereby further increasing the process variability, especially with regard to the entire processing line.

[0039] The aforementioned task is also solved by a computer program product comprising commands which, when the computer program product is executed on a computer (or a control / regulating device), cause it to execute steps for controlling / regulating a process with the following characteristics on the computer: a process for the fully automated processing of packaging material cartons into packaging material products by means of a packaging material processing line through at least two processing steps from the group embossing, folding, gluing, cutting, printing, bundling / packing, wherein the packaging material cartons are (firstly) processed arranged in a horizontal plane, in particular in a largely flat state, and (subsequently) in this horizontal plane by or in a predefined / predefinable azimuth angle of, for example, at least 45°, in particular at least approximately 90°.at least approximately aligned about the vertical axis, in particular into a yaw state, and in particular into a longitudinal alignment with the longer side of the packaging material cartons at least approximately in the processing direction (along which the packaging material cartons are processed to produce the packaging material products), and then at least partially rotated at least once in the aligned orientation, in particular in the yaw state, about at least one further spatial axis; wherein, in the aligned orientation, in particular in the yaw state, the rotation about the at least one further spatial axis is carried out for at least a subset of the packaging material cartons by at least one (initial) rolling in a (initial) rolling direction about a longitudinal axis aligned in the processing direction, in particular downstream of at least one processing step from the group embossing, folding, gluing,Cutting, printing, in particular around a roll angle of at least 90°, in particular around a roll angle of at least approximately 180°, especially also when / by using a processing line described above. This results in the aforementioned advantages, especially with regard to a process that is as flexible and variable as possible upstream of bundling / packing.

[0040] The present invention offers, in particular, the following advantages: For forming packages / bundles with a comparatively large number of cardboard boxes, especially in the case of so-called automatic bottom packaging, at least a predefinable number of cardboard boxes (subset) intended for a respective bundle can be rotated around the axis of rotation. In this way, for example, it can be avoided that excessive bulking occurs in a certain area of ​​the base (top view) of the bundled cardboard boxes, especially in the bottom area (unevenly distributed increase in thickness / material strength over the base of the bundle / package).

[0041] Where reference is made below to a design “according to an embodiment”, this is to be understood as a reference to a corresponding computer implementation or to a correspondingly configured computer program product.

[0042] According to one embodiment, rotation about at least one further spatial axis after the (initial) rolling is achieved by a further (final) rolling in a further direction of rolling motion, in particular about the longitudinal axis opposite to the initial direction of rolling motion, and especially by a further rolling angle of at least 90°. This also enables the implementation of a (further) processing step, which is to be carried out on a specific side (top or bottom) from a specific spatial direction, whereby the cardboard or the subset can be aligned or arranged for this processing step by means of the rolling motion. It is understood that optionally the same subset can be rolled in opposite directions of rolling motion, or a subsequent further subset is rotated or rolled in a direction of rolling motion opposite to the preceding direction of rolling motion.

[0043] According to one embodiment, the packaging cardboard sheets are processed further in an aligned state after being rotated in the horizontal plane. This also promotes high quality when preparing large quantities for bundling / packing, thereby facilitating subsequent logistics steps. In other words, the rolling process is carried out in such a way that a predefined target orientation is maintained or assumed through the rolling process.

[0044] According to one embodiment, the (initial) rolling occurs upstream of a processing step involving bundling / packing and / or downstream of an alignment step, particularly downstream of an alignment of the cardboard boxes into a longitudinal orientation. This allows access to one of the two (top and bottom) sides of the cardboard boxes, for example, if this is useful for certain subsequent processing steps. Furthermore, the rolled / turned alignment of, for example, half of all cardboard boxes can prevent uneven material thickness distribution, which increases with the size of the package.

[0045] According to one embodiment, the packaging material cartons (or the corresponding subset) are, after (initial) rolling, at least partially oriented in a rolled state in which a processing step of bundling or packing takes place. This also contributes to the creation of comparatively large bundles with cartons that are aligned as precisely as possible relative to each other and minimize mass unevenness due to variations in material thickness.

[0046] A "roll state" is understood to be a state of the respective / corresponding cardboard box that is caused by at least one rolling movement, in which the cardboard box has been rolled by at least one rotation and can be further processed in this new arrangement, in particular after being rotated 180°. A further "roll state" is understood to be a state of the corresponding cardboard box that is caused by a further rolling process, in particular a further new arrangement or, alternatively, the original arrangement of the cardboard box, possibly supplemented by some further measure, be it a processing measure on the cardboard box itself, or, for example, a quality analysis measure concerning the relative orientation / arrangement of the cardboard boxes (especially relative to each other) and / or the design of the cardboard boxes (e.g., defect inspection of both the top and bottom of the cardboard box during a rolling process).

[0047] It is understandable that the rolling process can also be used for the most comprehensive analysis and evaluation possible, be it concerning the processing process as a whole, or concerning at least one (quality) characteristic of a subset of cardboard boxes or even of individual boxes. The rolling motion also enables, for example, three-dimensional documentation using only a single camera unit.

[0048] According to one embodiment, the rolling and any preparatory transfer measures for providing the cardboard boxes are carried out for a predefined / predefinable number of boxes per subset to be rotated, e.g., two, three, or five boxes, particularly depending on at least one parameter, especially concerning the amount and / or relative position and / or extent of a thickness unevenness, particularly in folded cardboard boxes. This also enables process optimization, e.g., of a bundling / packing process, especially with regard to the handling of, e.g., stacks of three to ten boxes, depending on the thickness unevenness. With a large thickness unevenness (or, e.g., a narrow base area), the number of boxes per subset can therefore be reduced, e.g.,This also ensures their stability as a stack, and with only slight thickness variations, each stack (or subset) can comprise, for example, a relatively high number of seven or ten pieces. For instance, at least one transfer parameter controls / regulates the material transfer for the turning / rolling process such that a predefined number of cardboard boxes from a shingled arrangement are grouped into a subset, a stack is formed from this subset, and the stack is then transferred for the turning / rolling process, whereby, for example, every second stack is turned / rolled, particularly by 180°.

[0049] According to one embodiment, further (outgoing) rolling takes place upstream of a bundling / packing processing step and / or downstream of a folding and / or gluing processing step. This makes it possible to initially process the cardboard boxes either individually or in batches, optionally also to arrange them in a staggered pattern, in order to then prepare the cardboard boxes for bundling or packing, in particular by rolling at least a portion of them.

[0050] Alternatively, the implementation can also be carried out by rolling a first subset around a first rotation angle, in particular 180°, and rolling a second subset around a second rotation angle, in particular 360°.

[0051] According to one embodiment, after further (outward) rolling, the packaging cartons are aligned in a further rolling state, in which a further processing step, particularly from the group consisting of bundling, packing, and palletizing, takes place. This further rolling state preferably corresponds to an alignment according to the previously assumed upstream alignment state (yaw state). This also facilitates a bundling and packing process in which, or for which, the cartons can optionally be aligned upstream either in the (first) rolling state or in the further (second) rolling state. Depending on the process configuration, the further rolling state can optionally also correspond to the alignment state immediately upstream of the rolling process, whereby the cartons as such can then already be further processed by at least one processing step.

[0052] According to one embodiment, the rotation and optionally also the alignment are carried out by means of a module / roller motion module, which can be modularly integrated into a packaging material processing line, in particular between two processing steps from the group consisting of embossing, folding, gluing, cutting, and printing on the one hand, and bundling / packing and optionally also palletizing on the other. This also enables the integration of a process measure to facilitate downstream, in particular logistical or order picking steps, in a process phase near the end of the processing line.

[0053] According to one embodiment, the rotation by rolling is carried out based on at least one transfer parameter (in particular also including a propulsion parameter) and based on at least one rolling motion parameter, in particular by specifying the respective at least one parameter of at least one control component by a control signal. This also facilitates process adjustment, especially depending on characteristics such as carton geometry, the number of pieces of a respective subset or bundle size (or packaging unit), batch size, and the extent of any uneven distribution of material thickness.

[0054] According to one embodiment, rotation about at least one further spatial axis is achieved by displacing at least one component of the rolling motion kinematics in at least one rolling motion plane, which is oriented at least approximately vertically. The rolling motion can therefore correspond exactly to a rotational movement about the longitudinal axis or longitudinal orientation or direction of propulsion; with reference to a cardboard-related coordinate system, this is synonymous with the rolling motion of, for example, an aircraft about the axis oriented in the intended flight direction.

[0055] According to one embodiment, rotation about at least one further spatial axis is carried out by means of a module / roller motion module to which the packaging material cartons are transferred, in particular downstream of a processing step from the group embossing, gluing, folding, drying, aligning in an elongated longitudinal orientation, and from which the packaging material cartons are ejected, in particular upstream of a processing step from the group bundling / packing, palletizing. This also facilitates a particularly flexible process design.

[0056] According to one embodiment, rotation about at least one further spatial axis is carried out in a clocked manner for individual subsets of, for example, five, ten, or fifteen packaging cartons, wherein the rotation is performed after a translational feeding step and before a translational discharge / ejection step. This particularly facilitates integration into a discontinuous process with a variable subset size, especially with a freely scalable number of cartons per subset. Advantageously, the belts acting on the top and bottom of the transfer unit described here are resiliently mounted in one direction orthogonal to the main plane of extension of the cartons, or with a preferably adjustable preload, so that a thickness variation of, for example, a factor of 2 or 3 can be easily handled process-wise. In this context, or at least in this context, for example,Bundling of the subset can also occur, especially as a preparatory step before packing.

[0057] According to one embodiment, the turning process is carried out by at least one roller in a state in which a single packaging carton or a subset of several packaging cartons (e.g., five pieces) is held on both sides, top and bottom, by at least one band. This facilitates a particularly secure and precise method of positioning, aligning, and holding the cartons, especially before, during, and after the rolling process, thereby further simplifying combination with other processing steps, including those requiring precise alignment of the cartons.

[0058] According to one embodiment, the computer implementation is designed such that the evaluation of at least one quality characteristic during at least one rolling operation takes place directly at the rolling motion module. This facilitates comparatively simple data collection, particularly in the context of process monitoring and quality control, without the need for numerous camera units or similar data collection and processing components.

[0059] The aforementioned problem is also solved by a computer program product comprising instructions which, when the computer program product is executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform steps for controlling / regulating a method according to the present disclosure on the computer, in particular a computer program product configured for controlling / regulating a procedural integration of a process of rotating at least a subset of packaging material cartons by at least one rolling motion based on at least one transfer parameter and for controlling / regulating the process of rotating based on at least one rolling motion parameter, in particular by specifying the respective at least one parameter of at least one control component by a control signal.Especially designed for controlling / regulating the timed processing of individual subsets of packaging material cartons by transferring the subsets to a module and rotating the subsets using the module by at least one rolling motion, particularly downstream of an alignment in an elongated longitudinal orientation and upstream of a bundling / packing motion. Based on the aforementioned advantages, this also facilitates particularly advantageous conditions for the process integration of the rolling operation, especially such that processing can take place both with and without a completed rolling motion, e.g., with a rolling motion performed for each of the first, third, and fifth subsets.

[0060] The aforementioned task is also solved by using at least one control component for controlling / regulating the procedural integration of a rotation process of at least a subset of packaging material cartons by at least one rolling movement based on at least one transfer parameter specified by the at least one control component, and for controlling / regulating the rotation process based on at least one rolling movement parameter specified by the at least one control component, in particular for controlling / regulating the clocked processing of individual subsets of packaging material cartons by transferring the subsets to a module and by rotating the subsets by means of the module by at least one rolling movement, in particular downstream of an alignment in an elongated longitudinal orientation and upstream of a bundling / packing, in particular in a packaging material processing line or similar.using a corresponding method described here. This allows the aforementioned advantages to be realized, particularly with regard to high flexibility and variability, also concerning the implementation of control components.

[0061] The aforementioned problem is also solved by using a rolling motion kinematics for equipping / fitting a packaging material processing line with a rolling motion function for rotating at least a subset of packaging material cartons by at least one rolling motion in at least one rolling motion direction, in particular with modular integration of the rolling motion kinematics into the packaging material processing line by means of a rolling motion module, in particular with the rolling motion module in an arrangement downstream of a process of aligning the cartons in an elongated longitudinal orientation and / or upstream of a process of bundling / packing, in particular on a packaging material processing line according to the present disclosure, in particular in a method according to the present disclosure.This allows the aforementioned advantages to be realized, particularly with regard to the highest possible process variability largely independent of the design of the cardboard boxes (especially concerning material thickness inhomogeneities) and their spatial orientation.

[0062] It is understood that, based on the present disclosure, a person skilled in the art can conduct investigations and further developments to optimize the manner in which the rolling motion is carried out and / or the type of rolling motion kinematics, in particular also experimental investigations and / or computer implementations with regard to a process-related combination with further processing steps upstream and / or downstream, or even simultaneously or in parallel with the rolling motion function. In doing so, the person skilled in the art can also make use of common methods for computer-aided generation of action options and / or for computer-aided identification of optimization potential. Specifically within the scope of the present invention, a person skilled in the art is to be considered to be an engineer with several years of professional experience in the field of design and process optimization for packaging material processing lines.

[0063] Summary: When processing cardboard packaging materials, process variability is particularly advantageous with regard to the possibilities of aligning and spatially handling the cartons. On the one hand, a packaging material processing line is provided, and on the other hand, a computer implementation for controlling a packaging material processing method is provided. Both are for the fully automated processing of cardboard packaging materials arranged in a horizontal plane and for aligning the cartons around a predefined / predefinable azimuth angle, at least approximately around the vertical axis, and for rotating the aligned cartons around at least one further spatial axis. According to the invention, the aligned cartons are moved around the at least one further spatial axis by means of a rolling motion function / kinematics by at least one rolling motion (or...).The invention relates to a corresponding control system, particularly one configured for material transfer via a module providing the rolling motion function and integrated into the processing line, as well as a corresponding computer-implemented implementation of control specifications. This allows for a further expansion of the range of fully automated handling and processing steps, while offering a high degree of variability in process integration. In particular, even comparatively large subsets with a relatively high degree of uneven distribution of material thicknesses / cardboard thicknesses can be processed efficiently and effectively in a fully automated manner, culminating in high-quality bundling or packing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0064] The invention is described in more detail in the following drawings, whereby reference numerals not explicitly described in a particular drawing are made to the other drawings. They show: Fig. 1 in perspective view in schematic representation of a packaging material processing line according to an exemplary embodiment; Fig. 2 in a detailed view a rolling motion module set up for the implementation of control / regulation steps of a method according to the present disclosure on a packaging material processing line; Fig. 3 in a more detailed view components of a rolling motion module set up for the implementation of control / regulation steps of a method according to the present disclosure on a packaging material processing line; Fig. 4 computer-implementable control / regulation steps for controlling / regulating a process according to the present disclosure; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0065] The invention will first be explained with general reference to all reference numerals and figures. Specific features or individual aspects, or aspects of the present invention that are clearly visible / representable in the respective figure, will be addressed individually in connection with that figure.

[0066] A packaging material processing line 100 is provided, which is set up for the fully automated processing of packaging material cartons 1, in particular folding carton cartons, into packaging material products 3 by at least two processing steps from the group embossing, folding, gluing, cutting, printing, bundling / packing, wherein the packaging material processing line 100 is set up to process the packaging material cartons 1 in a horizontal plane xy 1 (orarranged in a horizontal plane (i.e., the instantaneous main extension plane, instantaneous processing plane) to process the packaging material and to align it in this horizontal plane at least approximately around the vertical axis by an azimuth angle α or in a predefined / predefinable azimuth angle α, and is set up to rotate the aligned packaging material cartons 1 about at least one further spatial axis; wherein the packaging material processing line 100 has a rolling motion function implemented particularly downstream of at least one processing step from the group embossing, folding, gluing, cutting, printing and is set up to process a subset 2 (or, respectively, a subset 2) of the packaging material.to rotate stacks of several cardboard boxes) of the aligned packaging material boxes 1 about the at least one further spatial axis by at least one rolling movement in a rolling direction about a longitudinal axis X1 aligned in the processing direction, in particular about a rolling angle β of at least 90°, in particular about a rolling angle of at least approximately 180°.

[0067] Advantageously, the rolling motion function is implemented by means of a module / rolling motion module 10, which is configured by means of a rolling motion kinematics 11 for at least one rolling motion / rolling motion direction. The module 10 has in particular: a feed section 10a, in particular with a conveyor table adjustable in height and / or inclination (in particular with one or more height-adjustable conveyor belts), a rolling motion section 10b, and a discharge section 10c, in particular with a conveyor table adjustable in height and / or inclination (in particular with one or more height-adjustable conveyor belts).

[0068] The rolling motion kinematics 11 advantageously comprises: at least one, preferably two, circumferential arc guides 11.1 for rolling or for the rolling motion, as well as at least one, preferably two, circumferential rails 12. The mode of actuation (by means of) the rolling motion kinematics 11 can be specified, for example, by a circular linear guide.

[0069] The module 10 advantageously comprises: at least one drive unit 14 for rolling or rolling motion, controllable via at least one control component or control / regulation device 20; a plurality of cross members 15; and a frame 17 with gate-like recesses 17.1, on which two bulkheads 16 define the rolling motion kinematics 11. The (cross) bulkheads 16 can support the curved guides 11.1, and the bulkheads 16 can be supported against each other by several longitudinal beams 17.3 or longitudinal flat material sections. The module 10 can be provided on wheels 18 as a mobile or relocatable unit. A power supply 19 for the module ensures motor / energy independence from other sections of the processing line.

[0070] The drive unit 14 acts advantageously on a small circumferential segment (e.g. at the top in the highest circumferential area of ​​the arc guide), in particular via rollers or drive elements cooperating with the rails, and the circumferential segment 13 provided for the respective rolling movement can be predefined via the drive unit 14, e.g. a circumferential segment of 180° or 360°.

[0071] The control / regulating device 20 communicates or is operatively connected with at least one of the drives / propulsion units and with at least one control component 21, in particular a plurality of control components 21 from the group actuator 21a, measuring transmitter 21b (in particular rotary encoder), sensor 21c, as for example in Fig. 2 indicated. In particular, the rolling process can be controlled / regulated, and the feed rate or method of transfer of cartons or subsets of several cartons through module 10 can also be specified, especially based on at least one of the parameters described here. In this respect, the control / regulation device 20 can also be implemented such that the at least one drive unit 14 for specifying the rolling motion and a plurality of drive units for the translational transfer are coordinated and controlled in such a way that the handling of the cartons can be carried out not only in a time-efficient manner (e.g., with slight temporal overlap of the rolling and transfer movements), but also depending on a thickness unevenness.Therefore, the translational transfer can be limited to a section of the processing line shortly before rolling, but can also include, for example, a control / regulation instruction further upstream, according to which, for example, a predefined number of cartons are grouped into a subset, e.g., by performing a specific type of stopping of cartons, e.g., from a staggered arrangement, into a stack, particularly over a predefined period of time. Specifically, for the translational transfer of the cartons in the processing direction through module 10, a transfer unit 30 with at least one drive unit 31 for translational transfer, in particular the first and second drive units, can drive one or more translationally circulating belts 32 acting momentarily on the top side and one or more translationally circulating belts 33 acting momentarily on the bottom side.The transfer unit 30 is preferably mounted in the rolling motion kinematics, so that it can preferably be rolled completely within the arc guide, preferably by at least 180°, and more preferably also by at least 360°.

[0072] The control / regulation device 20 can also be implemented such that the respective carton or subset of cartons is transferred to the roller motion kinematics at a (first) material transfer point 102, 102a, depending on at least one transfer parameter, particularly with regard to the carton length, and / or is discharged from the roller motion kinematics at a further (second) material transfer point 102, 102b. Optionally, the control / regulation device 20 can be assigned to or subordinate to a central control device of the entire processing line, or at least communicate with it, e.g., with regard to at least one transfer parameter.

[0073] A computer implementation according to the invention for controlling / regulating a / the method described herein relates in particular to the following steps, namely steps downstream of at least one processing step S0 and upstream of the rolling (in particular comprising an alignment): Step S1 Feeding (transferring) in the aligned state (state Z1); Step S2 Rotation by rolling (from state Z1 to state Z2); Step S3 Ejection, discharge in state Z2 or Z3; Step S4 Further processing step, downstream of the rolling, e.g. carried out by a palletizing unit.

[0074] The respective cardboard box can therefore assume several states in succession, in particular an aligned state Z1 (also referred to here as yaw state), a rolling state Z2 or state of the respective cardboard box after (first) rolling movement, optionally also a further rolling state Z3 or state after (further) rolling movement.

[0075] The following section explains special features of the invention with reference to individual figures or embodiments.

[0076] In Fig. Module 10 is shown integrated into processing line 100. Fig. 1. The cardboard boxes 1 and 2 are only schematically indicated; their relative arrangement to each other and their, for example, folded design are not shown in detail. Fig. 1 also indicates that towards the end of the processing line, the cardboard boxes 1, 2 have been fully processed and, as packaging material product 3, can be fed into further processing tasks, especially logistical processes, and in particular can be transported directly to a customer. In the Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 The angles azimuth angle α and roll angle β are indicated as angular movements around the corresponding axis Xz (yaw axis) and X10 (roll axis), respectively.

[0077] In Fig. Module 10 is shown separately in Figure 2. Fig. Figure 2 further indicates a control / regulation device 20 (schematically), wherein the control / regulation device 20 can be provided as a component of module 10, and wherein the control / regulation device 20 is, for example, in communication with a central control device of the entire processing line (optionally). Alternatively, the control / regulation of the processes described here in connection with the rolling can be ensured autonomously by module 10 (independent control). At least one control component 21, in particular from the group consisting of actuator 21a, encoder (especially rotary encoder) 21b, and sensor 21c, is preferably also provided on module 10 and supplies (and / or receives) data / signals for controlling / regulating the process integration of a process of rotating at least a subset of packaging material cartons by at least one rolling movement.A camera or image data acquisition system can be implemented as a control component 21. For example, at least one camera unit communicating with the control / regulation device 20 is implemented on module 10 in such a way that the evaluation of at least one quality characteristic during at least one rolling process enables at least documentation (preferably of three-dimensional image data) and optionally also the implementation of a control / regulation based on (real-time) data from the at least one camera unit, e.g., through AI-supported image data analysis with regard to at least one defect characteristic, whereby the image data analysis can also be performed decentrally on the respective hardware component.

[0078] In Fig. Figure 2 further shows a transfer unit 30, which is preferably coupled to the rolling motion kinematics or rotated together with them during the rolling motion. The transfer unit preferably has a plurality of translationally circulating belts 32, 33 acting on the top and bottom sides and is configured to transfer the cartons to the rolling motion kinematics at a material transfer point 102, 102a and / or to discharge them from the rolling motion kinematics at a further material transfer point 102, 102b, depending on at least one transfer parameter. Thus, the transfer unit performs the translational transfer in the processing direction through the module 10, either in combination with a rolling motion or without a rolling motion.The circulating belts 32, 33 can be actuated by at least one drive unit 31 (in particular, a first drive unit for at least one first belt and a second drive unit for at least one second belt), especially such that the cardboard boxes are held in a predefined longitudinal position during the rolling process (whereas continuous drive can also be implemented for a process without rolling). Advantageously, the transfer unit is resiliently mounted in one direction orthogonal to the main plane of extension of the cardboard boxes or with a preferably adjustable preload.

[0079] In Fig. Figure 3 shows the rolling motion kinematics 11 in combination with the transfer unit 30 in detail. The frame 17 can be anchored to a mobile substructure. Fig. 3. Geometric quantities and references also emerge: In a first / second arc guide plane (constructive) E11, device-related components for defining a (first, second) kinematic rolling motion plane Eyz can be arranged, and the longitudinal axis X1 or the rolling motion axis X10 (roll axis) are aligned at least approximately orthogonally to these planes E11, Exy. Fig. The three spatial directions x, y, z (longitudinal, transverse, vertical) are also generally indicated in the figure 3, where the x-direction here corresponds to the longitudinal orientation x100 or the direction of advance (as in Fig. 1 indicated; processing direction x100 along the processing line).

[0080] In Fig. Figure 4 illustrates computer-implementable control steps for controlling a process according to the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 4 illustrates the parameters P1, P2, and P3 that can be processed for control / regulation, as well as the states Z1, Z2, and Z3 that the cardboard boxes can assume in connection with the rotation / rolling process. In particular, in step S0, alignment occurs, which brings the cardboard box into state Z1. In particular, in step S1, transfer takes place in the aligned state Z1. In step S1, at least one parameter P1 can be used as the basis for a control / regulation measure, in particular a (first) parameter P1, in particular a transfer parameter, especially concerning the number of packaging material boxes and / or transfer speed (propulsion) and / or cycle rate, and especially also concerning handling the cardboard boxes upstream or downstream of the module. In particular, in step S2, rotation occurs through a rolling motion caused by the rolling motion kinematics, which brings the cardboard box into state Z1.The corresponding subset of cartons is moved from state Z1 to state Z2. In particular, state Z3 can also be triggered, i.e., a new or further angular alignment through a supplementary rolling movement. In step S2, at least one parameter P2 and / or P3 can be used as the basis for a control measure, in particular a further (second) parameter P2, especially a rolling movement parameter, specifically regarding the rolling angle magnitude and / or the direction of the rolling movement and / or the frequency of the rolling movement for a subset, concerning the handling of the cartons by means of or on / in the module, and / or a further (third) parameter P3. Ejection or discharge according to step S3 therefore takes place in state Z2 or Z3.In this context, at least one parameter P3 can be used as a basis for a control / regulation measure, in particular a further (third) parameter P3, in particular a (dynamic) thickness non-distribution parameter relating to a certain type of cardboard or a certain state of cardboard in the processing process (in particular folding box cardboard).

[0081] The in Fig. The four indicated diamond-shaped fields between the individual steps illustrate optimization and adaptation possibilities for the person skilled in the art, in particular with regard to carton-specific or batch-specific control measures, especially based on the parameters described here, particularly depending on a respective processing step upstream and / or downstream of the rolling process. Reference symbol list 1 Packaging material - cardboard box 2. Subset or stack consisting of several cardboard boxes 3 Packaging material product 10 Module / Rolling motion module 10a Feed section 10b Rolling motion section 10c Ejection section 11 Rolling motion kinematics 11.1 Bow guidance for rollers / rolling movement 12 rail 13 Scope segment 14 Drive unit for the rolling motion 15 cross brace 16 Schott 17 frames 17.1 Gate-like recess in frame 17.3 Longitudinal beams 18-inch wheel, wheels 19 Energy supply / power supply for the module 20 Control / regulating device 21 Control component 21a Actuator 21b Sensor 21c Sensor 30 transfer units 31 Propulsion unit for translational transfer 32 translational circumferential band 33 translational circumferential band 100 packaging material processing line 102 Material handover point 102a first material transfer point 102b second material transfer point E11 first / second arch guidance level Eyz kinematic rolling motion plane S0 processing step upstream from the rollers S1 Feed S2 Rotating by Rolling S3 Eject, Divert S4 further processing step downstream of the rollers X1 Longitudinal axis X10 roll motion axis, roll axis Xz yaw axis x100 Longitudinal alignment xy1 Main extension level, processing level Z1 aligned state of the cardboard packaging Z2 rolling condition Z3 further rolling condition x, y, z Spatial directions, especially longitudinal, transverse, vertical α Azimuth angle β Roll angle P1 (first) parameter, in particular transfer parameter P2 further (second) parameter, in particular rolling motion parameter P3 further (third) parameter, in particular (dynamic) thickness non-distribution parameter QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] DE 20 2025 102 121 U1

[0003]

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