Access control system for buildings with a stationary unit comprising multiple transceivers

Abstract

Access control system (1) for buildings (2) with a stationary unit (20) which has several stationary transceivers (21A, 21B) and with a mobile unit (10) which has a mobile transceiver (11), wherein the mobile transceiver (11) is configured to wirelessly and encryptedly transmit signals (S) for authentication and authorization of the mobile unit (10) to the stationary unit (20) and for control of the stationary unit (20) by the mobile unit (10) to one of the stationary transceivers (21A, 21B) of the stationary unit (20), wherein the stationary unit (20) has a control device (22A) which is connected to the stationary transceivers (21A, 21B) via a signal connection and which is designed to to determine the position of the mobile unit (10) relative to the stationary unit (20) from the signals (S) transmitted by the mobile transceiver (11) to one of the stationary transceivers (21A, 21B).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an access control system for buildings with a mobile unit and a stationary unit, which has several stationary transceivers spaced apart from each other.

[0002] An access control system within the meaning of the invention is understood to be a system comprising a stationary or fixed unit and a mobile unit that can be carried by a user, in which these units communicate wirelessly with each other for the authentication and authorization of the mobile unit, and thus of the user, vis-à-vis the stationary unit. Based on this authentication and authorization, the stationary unit controls various functions and, in particular, releases, i.e., unlocks, the associated access point, for example, a door or gate. Beyond most conventional access systems, the access system according to the invention also provides position determination, as will be explained in more detail below.

[0003] Wireless access control systems are state of the art and are known, for example, from documents WO 2023 / 222462 A1 and DE 10 2020 114 403 A1.

[0004] However, such systems can be further optimized. For example, a common problem with building access control systems is that a radio standard used to determine position cannot penetrate walls and other structural elements that obstruct radio communication. As a result, the area covered by a single stationary transceiver is comparatively small or severely limited by these structural constraints. Currently, this problem is often solved by using numerous stationary units, which may be able to communicate with each other, but essentially each form their own separate system.

[0005] The invention is therefore based on the objective of overcoming the aforementioned disadvantages and providing an access control system for buildings whose detection range for position determination is not significantly restricted by structural conditions or is at least larger compared to known solutions.

[0006] This problem is solved by the combination of features according to claim 1.

[0007] According to the invention, an access control system for buildings is proposed, comprising a stationary unit (i.e., fixed in place and preferably permanently connected to the building) and a mobile unit (i.e., not fixed in place and, in particular, portable or carryable by a user). For the avoidance of doubt, "access points" refers not only to access points to the building as a whole, but also, for example, to access points to individual rooms or areas of the building. The mobile unit is essentially an electronic key, which can, for example, be in the form of a smart fob or a smartphone. It should be clarified that the access control system can comprise a plurality of mobile units, each of which is distinguishable by a unique identifier specific to that mobile unit.Fundamentally, both the stationary unit and the mobile unit each have transceivers for radio communication, where a transceiver is understood to be a transmit-receive unit. The transceiver of the mobile unit, designated as the mobile transceiver, preferably has at least one antenna and electronics for transmitting signals via the at least one antenna and for further processing the signals received via the at least one antenna. The stationary unit, according to the invention, has several transceivers designated as stationary transceivers, which are preferably spaced apart from one another and are not integrated into a common unit.Each of the stationary transceivers preferably has at least two antennas located in an antenna reference plane and electronics for transmitting signals via at least one of the two antennas and for further processing the signals received via both antennas. The mobile transceiver is configured to wirelessly transmit encrypted signals, particularly via radio, to the stationary transceivers of the stationary unit for authentication and authorization of the mobile unit vis-à-vis the stationary unit, and optionally for control of the stationary unit by the mobile unit.

[0008] Fundamentally, authentication refers to verifying whether the mobile unit, or rather its identity, is known to the stationary unit, specifically whether a unique identification number for the mobile unit is stored in the stationary unit. Authorization, on the other hand, refers to verifying whether the authenticated mobile unit has the necessary access rights for the access controlled by the access control system. Authentication and authorization can be performed together or separately.

[0009] The essential aspect of the invention is that the stationary unit has a control device connected to the stationary transceivers via a signal connection, which is configured to determine a position of the mobile unit relative to the stationary unit or to a predetermined coordinate origin from the signals transmitted by the mobile transceiver to one, i.e., any one of the stationary transceivers, and optionally to determine a movement pattern (also describable as a movement path) from several successively determined positions of the mobile unit.

[0010] These features provide a secure and flexible access control system that enables wireless and encrypted communication between mobile and stationary units and allows the mobile unit to be located via any stationary transceiver. This significantly increases the positioning range and prevents it from being significantly affected by building structures. This enhances security and allows for situation-dependent control of access permissions.

[0011] Further training stipulates that the mobile transceiver must have a first mobile module for communication via a first radio standard and a second mobile module for communication via a second radio standard. The mobile transceiver is also designed to wirelessly and encryptedly transmit signals for authentication and authorization of the mobile unit to the stationary unit via the first radio standard, and to wirelessly and encryptedly transmit signals for determining the position of the mobile unit by the stationary unit via the second radio standard.

[0012] The use of different radio standards for authentication and positioning enables increased security and flexibility, as different communication channels can be used and a targeted separation of functions is achieved.

[0013] Further training stipulates that the first radio standard is Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and the first radio connection is a BLE radio connection and / or that the second radio standard is Ultra-Wideband (UWB) and the second radio connection is a UWB radio connection.

[0014] By using BLE and UWB, the advantages of both wireless technologies are leveraged: BLE enables energy-efficient communication over medium distances, while UWB allows for highly precise positioning over short distances. This improves the efficiency and accuracy of the access control system.

[0015] Accordingly, the first mobile module is preferably a BLE module and the second mobile module is a UWB module of the mobile unit.

[0016] One variant provides that the stationary unit comprises exactly one primary unit with a first stationary transceiver of the multiple stationary transceivers and at least one secondary unit with a second stationary transceiver of the multiple stationary transceivers. The primary unit is interconnected to all secondary units via signal transmission.

[0017] This structure creates a modular and scalable architecture for the access control system, allowing for easy expansion and adaptation to different building sizes and requirements. For clarification, it should be noted that the primary unit can also be referred to as the master and the secondary units as slaves.

[0018] To clarify once more, the primary unit and each of the secondary units preferably form structurally separate and spaced-apart units or assemblies, which are connected to each other only by the signal connection described below and are otherwise essentially completely independent of one another. Accordingly, they are not, for example, integrated into a common housing and preferably do not share any components. A physical connection between them can therefore exist—possibly in addition to the signal connection—only indirectly via the building.

[0019] According to further training, the first stationary transceiver, and preferably only the first stationary transceiver, has a first stationary module for communication via the first radio standard. The first stationary transceiver and all second stationary transceivers each have a second stationary module for communication via the second radio standard.

[0020] Based on the above, the first stationary module is therefore a BLE module and the second stationary modules are each a UWB module of the stationary unit.

[0021] It is also advantageous if the first stationary module defines an initial range of the first radio standard for transmitting signals between the stationary unit and the mobile unit, within which communication between the first stationary module or the stationary unit and the mobile unit via the first radio standard is therefore possible.

[0022] Every second stationary module defines a second range for the second radio standard for transmitting signals between the stationary and mobile units. All, and especially the second stationary transceivers, are located within the first range, allowing for authentication and authorization via the first radio standard followed by position determination via the second radio standard.

[0023] Furthermore, the second stationary transceivers can additionally or alternatively be arranged in such a way that the respective second range overlaps with at least one other of the second ranges, thereby enabling seamless tracking of the position or a seamless movement pattern within the sum of the second ranges.

[0024] The targeted arrangement of the transceivers and the overlapping of their ranges enable seamless coverage and precise positioning of the mobile unit, further increasing the functionality and security of the system.

[0025] Further training provides that at least two second stationary modules are arranged within their respective second range and that the control device is designed to determine a relative position of the two second stationary modules to each other from signals transmitted between the two second stationary modules.

[0026] As explained below, the control device should be able to determine the position of the mobile unit relative to the stationary unit or a predetermined coordinate origin using the transmitted signals and the relative positions of the stationary transceivers to each other. This is significantly simplified if the relative positions of the stationary transceivers to each other are known in advance. The relative positions can be manually stored or learned in the control device or in a memory accessible by the control device. However, it is particularly preferred that two stationary modules, which can communicate with each other via the second radio standard, exchange signals via the second radio standard (i.e., preferably UWB) in such a way that the control device itself determines the relative positions of the communicating stationary transceivers and stores them in the memory.

[0027] If the relative positioning of the secondary units to the primary unit is to be manually recorded and stored in the primary unit, the positions of the individual secondary units relative to the primary unit, in particular a distance D, can be defined. S between primary unit and secondary unit, as well as an alignment angle β K between an antenna reference plane of the primary unit and the secondary unit, and a direction angle α K The data is entered from a secondary unit's intermediate level to the primary unit via an application implemented in the mobile unit and transmitted from the mobile unit to the stationary unit, for example, via the first radio standard. The control device stores this data as relative positioning, enabling the mobile unit to be located across its entire access environment based on the distance and direction information from the individual secondary units.

[0028] According to an optional further development, the signal connection of the primary unit with all secondary units is designed as a physical connection, for example via electrical conductors or fiber optics, or as a wireless connection for data transmission, wherein the wireless connection is preferably a radio connection and in particular a wireless connection via the second stationary modules, i.e. in particular via UWB.

[0029] The choice between physical and wireless connection allows for flexible installation of the system and adaptation to the specific structural and technical requirements of the building.

[0030] Furthermore, a star topology with the primary unit as the central node or a bus topology can be provided for a physical signal connection between the primary unit and the secondary units.

[0031] Another variant provides that the primary unit has the control device, which is connected to the first stationary transceiver via signal technology and, via the signal technology connection of the primary unit to all secondary units, to the second stationary transceivers via signal technology.

[0032] The control device and the first stationary transceiver can also be integrated together.

[0033] This enables centralized control and monitoring of all transceivers within the system, simplifying management and maintenance and increasing security.

[0034] It is also advantageous if a key for encrypted communication via the signal connection is stored and / or can be stored in the primary unit and each secondary unit.

[0035] Storing keys in the units ensures secure and encrypted communication within the system and protects against unauthorized access.

[0036] It can be planned that at least the primary unit, and possibly also the secondary units, are secured with a (master) key in a secure production environment. During commissioning, for example, a secondary unit can be paired with the primary unit via an application on the mobile unit. After a secondary unit is connected via the signal connection, the primary unit assigns each secondary unit a unique ID, allowing each secondary unit to be addressed and read individually. After the pairing process is complete, the primary unit can generate a random number that is distributed to all secondary units. Using the master key, each unit then derives a session key, which is used for further encrypted communication between the primary unit and the secondary units.

[0037] Furthermore, the control device may be configured to assign an identifier for communication with a secondary unit upon the initial signal connection between the primary and secondary units, in order to identify the secondary unit later. Additionally or alternatively, the control device may be configured to assign a respective identifier for communication to all signal-connected secondary units during a setup phase.

[0038] Further training provides that the control device is designed to determine a position of the mobile unit relative to a predetermined coordinate origin from the signals transmitted by the mobile transceiver to one of the stationary transceivers and a relative positioning of the stationary transceivers to each other.

[0039] By determining the position of the mobile unit relative to a coordinate origin, precise localization within the building is enabled, which expands the functionality of the access control system and allows new applications, such as the targeted control of access authorizations in specific areas.

[0040] For example, if a user carrying the mobile unit enters the communication range of the second radio standard (UWB) of a secondary unit after successful authentication and authorization via the first radio standard (BLE), this unit can cover a relative distance D R and a direction angle α R The mobile unit determines the position relative to the secondary unit and transmits this information to the primary unit via the signal connection. The primary unit then determines the position from the two direction angles α. R and α K a sum angle Δ Sas well as from the relative positioning of the secondary unit with respect to the primary unit and the determined distance and direction information, the distance and direction angle to the mobile unit can be calculated. This allows the primary unit or the control device to determine the position of the mobile unit in a polar coordinate system with the primary unit at its origin as follows: Δs=αR+αK,with Δ S Sum angles, α R Directional angle of the secondary unit to the mobile unit, starting from a mean plane orthogonal to the antenna reference plane of the secondary unit, α K Directional angle of the secondary unit to the primary unit, starting from the midplane orthogonal to the antenna reference plane of the secondary unit. DZ=DS2⋅DR2−DS⋅DR⋅cosΔS, with D Z Distance between mobile unit and primary unit, D SDistance between primary unit and secondary unit, D R Distance between mobile unit and secondary unit. βO=sin−1(DRDS⋅sinΔS),with β O Opening angle between primary unit and secondary unit, as well as between primary unit and mobile unit. βS=180°−βK(90°−αK),with β S Alignment angle between primary unit and secondary unit, starting from an antenna reference plane of the primary unit. αZ=90°−(βS+βO),with α Z Directional angle of the primary unit to the mobile unit, starting from a mean plane orthogonal to the antenna reference plane of the primary unit.

[0041] Consequently, the position of the mobile unit can be specified using polar coordinates, starting from the primary unit located at the origin, such that the mobile unit forms an angle Φ equal to the direction angle α. Z and a distance r equal to the distance DZ owns.

[0042] The features disclosed above can be combined in any way, provided that this is technically possible and they do not contradict each other.

[0043] Reference is also made to earlier German utility model applications, published as DE 20 2025 102 409 U1, DE 20 2025 102 410 U1, DE 20 2025 102 413 U1, DE 20 2025 102 412 U1, DE 20 2025 102 414 U1, DE 20 2025 102 415 U1, DE 20 2025 102 416 U1, DE 20 2025 102 417 U1 and DE 20 2025 102 418 U1, which also further develop an access control system according to the invention. Reference is hereby made to the aforementioned disclosures, so that their content is incorporated into the disclosure and teaching of the present application.

[0044] Other advantageous embodiments of the invention are characterized in the dependent claims or are described in more detail below together with the description of the preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the figures. The figures show: Fig. 1. an access control system; Fig. 2 an access control system with primary and secondary units; Fig. 3 Determining the position of the mobile unit; Fig. 4. Procedure for determining the position.

[0045] The figures are schematic examples. Identical reference symbols in the figures indicate identical functional and / or structural features.

[0046] In Fig. Figure 1 shows the essential components of an access control system 1 at a building 2 according to the invention.

[0047] Such an access control system 1 basically comprises a stationary unit 20 and a mobile unit 10, wherein the stationary unit 20 is fixed in place or connected to the building 2 and is designed to control the access point 3, for example, a door, of the building 2 and, in particular, to lock or unlock the access point 3 or the door 3 depending on the position of the mobile unit 10, wherein the stationary unit 20 receives signals S from the mobile unit 10 to determine its position and to authenticate and authorize it. The mobile unit 10 has a mobile transceiver 11, which has a first mobile module for communication via a first radio standard, specifically a BLE module for communication via BLE, and a second mobile module for communication via a second radio standard, specifically a UWB module for communication via UWB.This enables the mobile transceiver 11 to wirelessly and encryptedly transmit signals S for authentication and authorization of the mobile unit 10 to the stationary unit 20, and, if applicable, for control of the stationary unit 20 by the mobile unit 10, to a stationary transceiver 21A of the stationary unit 20, provided that the mobile unit 10 is within the range of the respective module of the primary unit 20A. Fig. Figure 1 is an example of a position determination, showing the range 24B of the second stationary module of the primary unit 20A. For clarification, the access control system 1 is shown in Fig. 1 simplified for better understanding of the basic principle and shown using only a stationary transceiver 21A.

[0048] The stationary transceiver 21A has a first stationary module for communication via the first radio standard, specifically a BLE module for communication via BLE, and a second stationary module for communication via the second radio standard, specifically a UWB module for communication via UWB.

[0049] In general, identification and authentication, especially regarding the first authentication factor, preferably take place via BLE, whereas localization and position determination preferably take place via cryptographically secured communication over UWB.

[0050] It is essential that the control of the stationary unit 20 should not be based, or preferably at least not exclusively, on control commands received from the mobile unit 10, but rather that the position of the mobile unit 10 relative to the stationary unit 20, or a movement pattern determined by a successive sequence of positions recorded over time, should be evaluated. Regarding the position, for example, an access request can be assumed if the position of the mobile unit is within a predetermined access area 30.

[0051] Accordingly, the stationary unit 20 can have a control device 22A which is configured to determine a position of the mobile unit 10 relative to the stationary unit 20 from the signals S transmitted by the mobile transceiver 11 to the stationary transceiver 21A and to automatically control a function when the position of the mobile unit 10 is within a predetermined access area 30.

[0052] Instead of the position, a movement pattern composed of a sequence of successively determined positions can also be evaluated, so that, for example, a straight movement in the direction of access 3 is assumed to indicate a desire for access.

[0053] For example, the control device 22A can determine, from the signals S transmitted by the mobile transceiver 11 to the stationary transceiver 21A, an angle Φ from which the signals S were received and a distance r from which the signals S were received, so that the respective position of the mobile unit 10 can be specified as polar coordinates of a polar coordinate system. It follows that the stationary transceiver 21A is located at the origin of this two-dimensional polar coordinate system.

[0054] In Fig. 2 is an access control system according to Fig. Figure 1 shows the stationary unit 20 now depicted with several transceivers 21A, 21B. The first stationary transceiver 21A and the control device 22A form a primary unit 20A, which is connected via a signal connection 23 to all, and here only one by way of example, secondary units 20B, enabling signal transmission or communication.

[0055] The first stationary transceiver 21A comprises a first and second stationary module, enabling it, for example, to communicate with the mobile unit 10 via BLE and to determine the position of the mobile unit 10 via UWB, provided that the mobile unit 10 is within the range 24B of the second stationary module of the primary unit 20A, which, however, according to the illustration in Fig. 2 is not the case.

[0056] Although the mobile unit 10 is within range 24A of the first stationary module of the primary unit 20A, allowing communication, the range 24B of the second stationary module is significantly shorter and may be affected by walls or other obstacles that block radio communication, as shown in Fig. 2 is illustrated by the walls of building 2.

[0057] However, since a secondary unit 20B is provided, which does not include a first stationary module but does include a second stationary module, the position of the mobile unit 10 can be determined via the secondary unit 20B, provided that the mobile unit 10 is within the second range 24B of the second stationary module of the second stationary transceiver 21B, i.e., the secondary unit 20B, as is the case here. It should be noted that the secondary unit 20B, or secondary units 20B, can have a secondary control 22B for controlling the respective second stationary module or the respective second transceiver 21B and for communicating with the primary unit 20B.

[0058] The data determined by the secondary unit 20B are transmitted via the signal connection 23 to the primary unit 20A, which uses this data to determine the position of the mobile unit 10 as polar coordinates in a polar coordinate system, in whose origin the primary unit 20A is located.

[0059] It should be noted that both the determination in polar coordinates and the concrete determination of the coordinates are exemplary.

[0060] Based on the one in Fig. The system described in section 2 is to be used by Fig. 3. The determination of the position of the mobile unit 10 by polar coordinates will be illustrated.

[0061] During the commissioning of the access system 1, or as part of setting up the access system 1, the relative positioning of the primary unit 20A to the secondary units 20B is stored in the control device 22A. This can be done manually or automatically. However, it is essential that, according to the illustrated embodiment, a distance D S between primary unit 20A and secondary unit 20B, an alignment angle β K between an antenna reference plane 26A of the primary unit 20A and an antenna reference plane 26B of the secondary unit 20B, and a direction angle α K from a middle level 25B of the secondary unit 20B to the primary unit 20A in the control device 22A.

[0062] Once the position of the mobile unit 10 is determined, the secondary unit 20B first calculates the distance D. R between the mobile unit 10 and the secondary unit 20B, as well as the direction angle α Rfrom secondary unit 20B to mobile unit 10 starting from the middle plane 25B orthogonal to the antenna reference plane 26B of the secondary unit 20B.

[0063] This information is transmitted via connection 23 from the secondary unit 20B to the primary unit 20A, which, or rather its control device 22A, determines the position of the mobile unit 10 in a polar coordinate system with the primary unit 20A at the origin as follows: 1. Forming a sum angle Δ S : Δs=αR+αK 2. Determining a distance D Z between mobile unit 10 and primary unit 20A, which corresponds to the distance r: DZ=DS2⋅DR2−DS⋅DR⋅cosΔS 3. Determining an opening angle β O between primary unit 20A and secondary unit 20B, and between primary unit 20A and mobile unit 10: βO=sin−1(DRDS⋅sinΔS) 4. Determining an alignment angle β S between primary unit 20A and secondary unit 20B starting from an antenna reference plane 26A of the primary unit 20A: βS=180°−βK(90°−αK) 5. Determining a direction angle α Z from primary unit 20A to mobile unit 10, which corresponds to the angle Φ: αZ=90°−(βS+βO)

[0064] As through Fig. As will be illustrated in section 4, the access control system 1 is designed, in particular by the control device 22, to perform the following steps: Step A The primary unit 20A establishes a radio connection with the mobile unit 10 via the first radio standard (BLE). Step B The stationary unit 20 authenticates and authorizes the mobile unit 10 via the radio link established by the primary unit 20A. Step C: Was the authorization successful? If no, return to Step A. If yes, proceed to Step D. Step D The stationary unit 20 activates the second stationary modules (UWB) of both the primary unit 20A and the secondary unit(s) 20B. Step E The stationary unit 20 and in particular its control device 22A checks whether communication enabling position determination (transmission of signals S) is possible between the second stationary module (UWB) of the primary unit 20A and the mobile unit 10. Step F: Is such communication possible? If yes, proceed to step G. If no, proceed to step J. Step G The primary unit 20A deactivates the second stationary modules (UWB) of the secondary unit(s) 20B. Step H The primary unit 20A determines the position of the mobile unit 10. Step J The stationary unit 20 and in particular its control device 22A checks whether communication enabling position determination (transmission of signals S) is possible between the second stationary module (UWB) of one of the secondary units 20B and the mobile unit 10. Step K: Is such communication possible? If yes, proceed to step L. If no, proceed to step D. Step L: The primary unit 20A deactivates the second stationary module (UWB) of the primary unit 20A. Step M The secondary unit 20B, communicating with the mobile unit 10, detects the distance D R as well as the direction angle α R and transmits this to the primary unit 20A. Reference symbol list: 1 Access control system 2 buildings 3 Access / Door 10 mobile units 11 mobile transceivers 20 stationary units 20A primary unit 20B Secondary Unit 21A first stationary transceiver 21B second stationary transceiver 22A control device 22B Secondary control 23 signal connection 24A range of the first stationary module 24B Ranges of the second stationary modules 25A to antenna reference plane of the primary unit orthogonal middle plane 25B to antenna reference plane of the secondary unit orthogonal middle plane 26A Primary Unit Antenna Reference Plane 26B Secondary unit antenna reference plane 30 Access area S Signal(s) r distance Φ angle (polar coordinates) D Z Distance between mobile unit and primary unit D S Distance between primary unit and secondary unit D R Distance between mobile unit and secondary unit α ZDirectional angle from primary unit to mobile unit α R Directional angle from secondary unit to mobile unit α K Directional angle from secondary unit to primary unit Δ S Sum angle β O Opening angle between primary unit and secondary unit, as well as between primary unit and mobile unit β S Alignment angle between primary unit and secondary unit, starting from an antenna reference plane of the primary unit β K Alignment angle between the antenna reference planes QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Zitierte Patentliteratur

[0000] WO 2023 / 222462 A1

[0003] OF 10 2020 114 403 A1

[0003] OF 20 2025 102 409 U1

[0043] OF 20 2025 102 410 U1

[0043] OF 20 2025 102 413 U1

[0043] OF 20 2025 102 412 U1

[0043] OF 20 2025 102 414 U1

[0043] OF 20 2025 102 415 U1

[0043] OF 20 2025 102 416 U1

[0043] OF 20 2025 102 417 U1

[0043] OF 20 2025 102 418 U1

[0043]

Claims

Access control system (1) for buildings (2) comprising a stationary unit (20) having several stationary transceivers (21A, 21B) and a mobile unit (10) having a mobile transceiver (11), wherein the mobile transceiver (11) is configured to wirelessly and encryptedly transmit signals (S) for authentication and authorization of the mobile unit (10) vis-à-vis the stationary unit (20) and for control of the stationary unit (20) by the mobile unit (10) to one of the stationary transceivers (21A, 21B) of the stationary unit (20), wherein the stationary unit (20) has a control device (22A) connected to the stationary transceivers (21A, 21B) by means of signals, which is configured to determine the position of the mobile unit from the signals (S) transmitted by the mobile transceiver (11) to one of the stationary transceivers (21A, 21B). (10) relative to the stationary unit (20). Access control system according to claim 1, wherein the mobile transceiver (11) comprises a first mobile module for communication via a first radio standard and a second mobile module for communication via a second radio standard and is configured to wirelessly and encryptedly transmit signals (S) for authentication and authorization of the mobile unit (10) to the stationary unit (20) via the first radio standard and to wirelessly and encryptedly transmit signals (S) for determining the position of the mobile unit (10) by the stationary unit (20) via the second radio standard. Access control system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the stationary unit (20) comprises exactly one primary unit (20A) with a first stationary transceiver (21A) of the several stationary transceivers (21A, 21B) and at least one secondary unit (20B) with a second stationary transceiver (21B) of the several stationary transceivers (21A, 21B), wherein the primary unit (20A) is connected to all secondary units (20B) via signal technology. Access control system according to the preceding claim, wherein the first stationary transceiver (21A) comprises a first stationary module for communication via the first radio standard and wherein the first stationary transceiver (21A) and all second stationary transceivers (21B) each comprise a second stationary module for communication via the second radio standard. Access control system according to the preceding claim, wherein the first stationary module defines a first range (24A) of the first radio standard for transmitting the signals (S) between the stationary unit (20) and the mobile unit (10), wherein each second stationary module defines a second range (24B) of the second radio standard for transmitting the signals (S) between the stationary unit (20) and the mobile unit (10), and wherein all stationary transceivers (21A, 21B) are arranged within the first range (24A) and / or the second stationary transceivers (21B) are arranged such that the respective second range (24B) overlaps with at least one further second range (24B). Access control system according to the preceding claim, wherein at least two second stationary modules are arranged within their respective second range and the control device (22A) is configured to determine a relative position of the two second stationary modules to each other from signals transmitted between the two second stationary modules. Access control system according to one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the signal connection (23) of the primary unit (20A) with all secondary units (20B) is a physical connection or a wireless connection for data transmission. Access control system according to one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the primary unit (20A) has the control device (22A) which is signal-technically connected to the first stationary transceiver (21A) and, via the signal-technical connection (23) of the primary unit (20A), to all secondary units (20B) and to the second stationary transceivers (21B). Access control system according to one of claims 3 to 8, wherein a key for encrypted communication via the signal connection (23) is stored and / or can be stored in the primary unit (20A) and each secondary unit (20B). Access control system according to one of claims 3 to 9, wherein the control device (22A) is configured to assign an identifier for communication to each signal-connected secondary unit (20B) upon initial signal connection of the primary unit (20A) with a secondary unit (20B) and / or in a setup operation. Access control system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control device (22A) is configured to determine a position of the mobile unit (10) relative to a predetermined coordinate origin from the signals (S) transmitted by the mobile transceiver (11) to one of the stationary transceivers (21A, 21B) and a relative positioning of the stationary transceivers (21A, 21B) to each other.

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