Additive composition as well as electrolyte solution and battery thereof

Abstract

Additive composition comprising a first additive and a second additive; and the first additive comprising a compound with a structure represented by formula 1: where R1 is selected from the group consisting of -R and -OR, and R is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C1-C7 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C7 alkenyl, and substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl; R2 to R5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl; M is an alkali metal; and Y + is a monovalent cation; and The second additive comprises a silane additive.

Description

[0001] The present application claims priority over Chinese patent application No. 202410648928.4 entitled “ADDITIVE COMPOSITION AS WELL AS ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTION AND BATTERY THEREOF”, filed with the Chinese Patent Office on May 23, 2024, which is incorporated in full by reference into this document. TECHNICAL AREA

[0002] The present application relates to an additive composition, in particular an additive composition as well as an electrolyte solution and a battery thereof, which includes the technical field of second batteries. BACKGROUND

[0003] Lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries, as green conversion media between chemical and electrical energy, are widely used in 3C power storage and other applications due to their advantages: long lifespan, environmental friendliness, and lack of memory effect. There is a growing demand for higher energy density in lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries, making high-voltage, high-temperature, and long-life systems important for future developments in these technologies.

[0004] Currently, a commonly used method for improving the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries involves introducing an additive into the electrolyte solution. However, several problems remain unresolved in the practical application of a single additive. For example, during operation, the batteries are susceptible to issues such as gassing at high temperatures, high internal resistance at room temperature and low temperatures, and poor cycle life, which negatively impacts both the cycle life and high-temperature performance of the batteries.

[0005] For this reason, there is an urgent need to develop an additive composition that can increase the cycling performance and high-temperature performance of the battery. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application provides an additive composition capable of improving the cycling performance and high-temperature performance of a battery when used in an electrolyte solution.

[0007] The present application provides an electrolyte solution capable of improving the cycling performance and high-temperature performance of the battery.

[0008] The present application provides a battery with excellent cycling performance and high-temperature performance.

[0009] The present application provides an additive composition comprising a first additive and a second additive; and the first additive comprises a compound with a structure represented by formula 1: R1 is selected from the group consisting of -R and -OR, and R is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C1-C7 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C7 alkenyl, and substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl; R2 to R5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl; M is an alkali metal; and Y + is a monovalent cation; and The second additive contains a silane additive.

[0010] The silane additive contains (one) unsaturated bond(s).

[0011] In the additive composition mentioned above, the second additive includes at least one silane additive with a structure represented by formula 2, formula 3 or formula 4: R6 to R 11are each independently selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 -Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 12 -Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 12 -Alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 -Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 12 -Aryl and substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 12 -Aryloxy, (one) substituent(s) in each of R6 to R 11 includes / contain one of halogen, amino or hydroxyl and the silane additive with the structure represented by formula 2 includes at least two degrees of unsaturation; R 12 to R 15 are each independently selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 -Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 12 -Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C12 -Alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 -Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 12 -Aryl and substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 12 -Aryloxy, (a) substituent(s) in each of R 12 to R 15 includes / contain one of halogen and hydroxyl or the silane additive with the structure represented by formula 3, includes at least two degrees of unsaturation; and R 16 , R 17 and R 18 are each independently selected from the group consisting of vinyl, methoxyethyl and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkyl and the silane additive with the structure represented by formula 4 includes at least three degrees of unsaturation.

[0012] In the aforementioned additive composition, R1 is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted acyclic C1-C6 alkyl and substituted or unsubstituted acyclic C2-C6 alkenyl; R2 to R5 contain at least one halogen; M is selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K; Y + N + R a R b R c R d , are R a to R d each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C7 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C7 alkenyl and substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl and contain R a to R d at least one hydrogen.

[0013] In the additive composition mentioned above, R1 is substituted or unsubstituted acyclic C2-C6 alkenyl, R2 to R5 are each independently halogens; M is Li; Y is+ N + R a R b R c R d , is R a hydrogen and are R1 to R d Each independently of each other C1-C3 alkyl.

[0014] In the aforementioned additive composition, R6 to R 11 at least two carbon-carbon double bonds; and / or include R 12 to R 15 at least two carbon-carbon double bonds; and / or The silane additive with the structure represented by formula 4 contains at least three carbon-carbon double bonds.

[0015] In the additive composition mentioned above, the first additive includes a compound with a structure represented by formulas 5 to 8:

[0016] In the aforementioned additive composition, the silane additive with the structure represented by formula 2 comprises at least one of tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane, dimethyltetravinyldisiloxane, 1,3-bis(fluoromethyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1,3-divinyldisiloxane or 1,1,3,3-tetrakis(fluoromethyl)-1,3-divinyldisiloxane; and / or The silane additive with the structure represented by formula 3 includes at least one of dimethyldivinylsilane, trivinylmethylsilane, or tetravinylsilane; and / or The silane additive with the structure represented by formula 4 includes at least one of tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate, bis(dimethyl(vinyl)silyl) methyl phosphate, tris(ethoxydimethylsilyl) phosphate, bis(ethoxydimethylsilyl) methyl phosphate, tetrakis(dimethyl(vinyl)silyl) diphosphate or tetrakis((2-methoxyethyl)dimethylsilyl) diphosphate.

[0017] The present application provides an electrolyte solution comprising a lithium salt or a sodium salt, an organic solvent and the aforementioned additive composition.

[0018] The aforementioned electrolyte solution contains a mass fraction of the first additive in the electrolyte solution in the range of 0.1% to 3%; and / or The mass fraction of the second additive in the electrolyte solution is in the range of 0.03% to 3%.

[0019] In the aforementioned electrolyte solution, the second additive comprises the silane additives with the structures represented by formulas 2 and 3, and has a mass ratio between the silane additives with the structures represented by formulas 2 and 3 (1.5 to 2.0):1; and / or the second additive includes the silane additives with the structures represented by formula 2 and formula 4, and the mass ratio between the silane additives with the structures represented by formula 2 and formula 4 is (0.5 to 1.5):1; and / or The second additive includes the silane additives with the structures represented by formulas 3 and 4, and the mass ratio between the silane additives with the structures represented by formulas 3 and 4 is (0.5 to 1.5):1; and / or The second additive includes the silane additives with the structures represented by formula 2, formula 3 and formula 4, and the mass ratio between the silane additives with the structures represented by formula 2, formula 3 and formula 4 is (0.5 to 1.5):(0.5 to 1.5):1.

[0020] The electrolyte solution mentioned above further comprises and includes at least one of 1,3-propanesultone, fluoroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone, tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate, tris(trimethylsilyl) borate, ethylene sulfate, lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate or ethylene sulfite; and The mass fraction of s in the electrolyte solution ranges from 0.03% to 3.2%.

[0021] The present application further provides a battery containing the aforementioned electrolyte solution.

[0022] In the aforementioned battery, the battery further comprises an active substance for positive electrodes and an active substance for negative electrodes; the active substance for positive electrodes comprises at least one of lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, or a ternary material; or the active substance for positive electrodes comprises at least one of a layered oxide, Prussian white, Prussian blue, or a polyanionic material; and The active substance for negative electrodes includes at least one of artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, mesocarbon microbeads, a silicon-based material, a tin-based material, or lithium titanate.

[0023] In the present application, the compound with the structural formula represented by formula 1 is combined with a silane additive and applied in an electrolyte solution, allowing the two components to act synergistically. This creates a SEI membrane with a wealth of inorganic / organic structures, reduces the battery's impedance, and thus improves the battery's cycle life and high-temperature performance.

[0024] The electrolyte solution of the present application includes the aforementioned additive composition and is able to improve the cycling performance and high-temperature performance of the battery.

[0025] The battery of the present application is manufactured from the aforementioned electrolyte solution and exhibits excellent cycling performance and high-temperature performance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] To clarify the tasks, technical solutions, and advantages of the present application, the technical solutions in the examples of the present application are described below in conjunction with the examples themselves. It is evident that the examples described are a subset of the examples in the present application and not the entirety thereof. Based on the examples in this description, all other examples that could be obtained by the person skilled in the art without any creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0027] The present application provides an additive composition comprising a first additive and a second additive; the first additive comprises a compound with a structure represented by formula 1: R1 is selected from the group consisting of -R and -OR, and R is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C1-C7 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C7 alkenyl, and substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl; R2 to R5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl; M is an alkali metal; and Y + is a monovalent cation; and The second additive contains a silane additive.

[0028] The additive composition of the present application comprises a first additive and a second additive. The first additive is a compound with a structure represented by formula 1, and the second additive comprises a silane additive. In the present application, R1 is selected from the group consisting of -R and -OR, and R is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C1-C7 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C7 alkenyl, and substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl. The substituted or unsubstituted C1-C7 alkyl refers to an acyclic alkyl with 1 to 7 carbon atoms, having a substituent or being unsubstituted, or a cycloalkyl with 3 to 7 carbon atoms, having a substituent or being unsubstituted.The substituted or unsubstituted C2-C7 alkenyl of the present application relates to an acyclic alkenyl having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, which has a substituent or is unsubstituted, or a cycloalkenyl having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, which has a substituent or is unsubstituted; the substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl of the present application relates to an acyclic alkynyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, which has a substituent or is unsubstituted, or a cycloalkynyl having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, which has a substituent or is unsubstituted;When a hydrocarbon group with a specific number of carbon atoms is defined, all geometric isomers of that hydrocarbon group with that number of carbon atoms are included. In the present application, the type of substituent is not restricted and can be selected as needed. For example, the substituent can be selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, mercapto, formyl, phosphoric acid, and the like. That is to say, R1 can be selected from the group consisting of -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CF3, -CH=CH2, -CH=CF2, -CH≡C-CH3, -C≡C-CF3, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -OCF3, -OCH=CH2, -OCH=CF2, -OCH≡C-CH3, -OC≡C-CF3, -CH2CH2OH, -CH2CH2NH2, and the like.

[0029] In the present application, R2 to R5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl; the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl refers to an acyclic alkyl with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, either substituting or unsubstituted, or a cycloalkyl with 3 to 7 carbon atoms, either substituting or unsubstituted. If a hydrocarbon group with a specific number of carbon atoms is specified, all geometric isomers of the hydrocarbon group with that number of carbon atoms are included. In the present application, the type of substituent is not restricted and can be selected as needed. That is to say, R2 to R5 can be selected from the group consisting of -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CF3, -CH2CH2OH, -CH2CH2NH2, -CH2CH2NO2, -F, -Cl, -Br, and the like. In the present application, M is an alkali metal, i.e.h. M can be selected from the group consisting of lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs) and francium (Fr).

[0030] According to the foregoing embodiments provided by the present application, applying the additive composition to an electrolyte solution based on the foregoing embodiments of the present application enables the resulting electrolyte solution to exhibit excellent cycle life and high-temperature performance in the battery. The applicant has analyzed the principle behind this and believes that the reason is likely the combined use of the compound with the structural formula of Formula 1 and the silane additive. In this way, they work synthetically, producing a structurally more stable SEI membrane with lower impedance, which can protect the negative electrode and prevent side reactions between the electrolyte solution and the negative electrode, and consequently improve the cycle life and high-temperature performance of the battery.

[0031] In a specific embodiment, the silane additive includes an unsaturated bond(s). In the present application, the unsaturated bond refers to a covalent bond that can be formed by the sharing of more than one electron pair between atoms, such as carbon-carbon double bonds, carbon-oxygen double bonds, carbon-nitrogen double bonds, and the like. If the silane additive includes an unsaturated bond, it can more readily participate in the formation of the SEI membrane. This makes it easier to create a dense and stable SEI membrane with low impedance, thereby improving the battery's cycle life and high-temperature performance.

[0032] In a specific embodiment, the second additive comprises at least one silane additive having a structure represented by formula 2, formula 3 or formula 4: R6 to R 11 are each independently selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 -Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 12 -Aalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 12 -Alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 -Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 12 -Aryl and substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 12 -Aryloxy, (one) substituent(s) in each of R6 to R 11 includes / contain one of halogen, amino or hydroxyl and the silane additive with the structure represented by formula 2 includes at least two degrees of unsaturation; R 12 to R 15 are each independently selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 -Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 12-Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 12 -Alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 -Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 12 -Aryl and substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 12 -Aryloxy, (a) substituent(s) in each of R 12 to R 15 includes / contain one of halogen or hydroxyl and the silane additive with the structure represented by formula 3 includes at least two degrees of unsaturation; and R 16 , R 17 and R 18 are each independently selected from the group consisting of vinyl, methoxyethyl and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkyl and the silane additive with the structure represented by formula 4 includes at least three degrees of unsaturation.

[0033] In the present application, R6 to R 11Each selected independently from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 -Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 12 -Aalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 12 -Alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 -Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 12 -Aryl and substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 12 -Aryloxy, (one) substituent(s) in each of R6 to R 11 includes / contain one of halogen, amino, or hydroxyl. In the present application, the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C refers to 12 -Alkyl refers to an acyclic alkyl with 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which has a substituent or is unsubstituted, or a cycloalkyl with 3 to 12 carbon atoms, which has a substituent or is unsubstituted; the substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 12-Alkenyl of the present application refers to an acyclic alkenyl with 2 to 12 carbon atoms, having a substituent or being unsubstituted, or a cycloalkenyl with 3 to 12 carbon atoms, having a substituent or being unsubstituted; the substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 12 -Alkynyl of the present application refers to an acyclic alkynyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, which has a substituent or is unsubstituted, or a cycloalkynyl having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, which has a substituent or is unsubstituted; the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 -Alkoxy of the present application refers to an alkoxy with 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which has (a) substituent or is unsubstituted; the substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 12-Aryl of the present application refers to an aryl having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, which has (a) substituent or is unsubstituted; the substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 12 -Aryloxy of the present application refers to an aryloxy with 6 to 12 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent or be unsubstituted; and the substituent of the present application includes one of halogen, amino, and hydroxyl. When a hydrocarbon group with a specific number of carbon atoms is specified, all geometric isomers of the hydrocarbon group with that number of carbon atoms are included. For example, R6 to R 11Each additive was selected independently from the group consisting of -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CF3, -CH=CH2, -CH=CF2, -CH≡C-CH3, -C≡C-CF3, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -OCF3, -C6H5, -CH2-C6H5, -OC6H5, -OCH2C6H5, -CCl3, -CH2CH2NH2, -CH2CH2OH and the like. In the present application, the silane additive comprises the structure represented by formula 2, at least two degrees of unsaturation, e.g., the silane additive of formula 2 comprises at least two carbon-carbon double bonds, or at least one carbon-carbon double bond, or at least one phenyl double bond, and the like.

[0034] In the present application, R 12 to R 15 Each selected independently from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 -Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 12 -Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 12 -Alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C12 -Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 12 -Aryl and substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 12 -Aryloxy, contains (one) substituent(s) in each of R 12 to R 15 one of halogen or hydroxyl and includes the silane additive with the structure represented by formula 3, at least two degrees of unsaturation. In the present application, the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 -Alkyl refers to an acyclic alkyl with 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which has a substituent or is unsubstituted, or a cycloalkyl with 3 to 12 carbon atoms, which has a substituent or is unsubstituted; the substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 12-Alkenyl of the present application refers to an acyclic alkenyl with 2 to 12 carbon atoms, having a substituent or being unsubstituted, or a cycloalkenyl with 3 to 12 carbon atoms, having a substituent or being unsubstituted; the substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 12 -Alkynyl of the present application refers to an acyclic alkynyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, which has a substituent or is unsubstituted, or a cycloalkynyl having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, which has a substituent or is unsubstituted; the substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 -Alkoxy of the present application refers to an alkoxy with 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which has (a) substituent or is unsubstituted; the substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 12-Aryl of the present application refers to an aryl having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, which has (a) substituent or is unsubstituted; the substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 12 -Aryloxy of the present application refers to an aryloxy with 6 to 12 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent or be unsubstituted; and the substituent of the present application includes one of halogen, amino, and hydroxyl, e.g., the substituent may be selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and hydroxyl. If a hydrocarbon group with a specific number of carbon atoms is specified, all geometric isomers of the hydrocarbon group with that number of carbon atoms are included. For example, R 12 to R 15Each independently selected from the group consisting of -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CF3, -CH=CH2, -CH=CF2, -CH≡C-CH3, -C≡C-CF3, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -OCF3, -C6H5, -CH2-C6H5, -OC6H5, -OCH2C6H5, -CH2CH2OH and the like. In the present application, the silane additive comprises the structure represented by formula 3, at least two degrees of unsaturation, e.g., the silane additive of formula 3 comprises at least two carbon-carbon double bonds or at least one carbon-carbon double bond or at least one phenyl double bond, and the like.

[0035] In the present application, R 16 , R 17 and R 18Each independently selected from the group consisting of vinyl, methoxyethyl, and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkyl, the silane additive with the structure represented by formula 4 includes at least three degrees of unsaturation. The substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkyl of the present application refers to an acyclic alkyl with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent or be unsubstituted, or a cycloalkyl with 3 to 5 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent or be unsubstituted. In the present application, the type of substituent is not restricted and may be selected as required. If a hydrocarbon group with a specific number of carbon atoms is specified, all geometric isomers of the hydrocarbon group with that number of carbon atoms are included. For example, R 16 , R 17 and R 18Each must be selected independently from the group consisting of -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CF3, -CH2CH2OH, -CH2CH2NH2, -CH=CH2, -CH2CH2OCH3 and the like.

[0036] According to the embodiments provided in the present application, if the second additive includes at least one of the compounds of formula 2, formula 3, and formula 4, this lithium-ion battery can exhibit excellent cycle life and high-temperature performance. The applicant has analyzed the principle behind this and believes that the reason may be that the silane additive with the structural formula of formula 2 can react with the trace water and HF in the electrolyte solution. This could prevent the degradation of the electrolyte solution caused by the trace water and HF and could improve the stability of the electrolyte solution, thereby preventing the problem of gas generation in the battery. The silane additive with the structural formula of formula 3 includes at least two degrees of unsaturation, which enables it to form a network or a three-dimensional crosslink.This leads to the formation of a denser, more stable SEI membrane on the electrode surface, preventing lithium ions from penetrating the interior of the negative electrode and improving the battery's cycle life. Furthermore, it avoids side reactions between the electrolyte solution and the positive and negative electrodes, prevents gas generation, and improves the battery's high-temperature performance. The silane additive with the structural formula of formula 4 can reduce the acidity of the electrolyte solution. It also prevents the degradation of the active materials in the positive and negative electrodes by acidic substances in the electrolyte solution, as well as the accelerated degradation of the electrolyte solution itself. Consequently, gas generation in the battery at high temperatures is suppressed.Furthermore, the SEI membrane formed by the silane additive with structural formula 4 exhibits a specific PO-Si structure, which facilitates the removal of peroxide ions in the electrolyte solution. However, the second additive has the characteristic that the organic-rich SEI membrane it forms via Si-O, C=C, or PO-Si bonding is too dense, resulting in high impedance throughout the battery. To modify the SEI membrane formed by the second additive, the first additive is introduced. The first additive has a lower LUMO energy level and is more readily reduced by the solvent. Its SEI membrane formation potential occurs earlier than that of the second additive, and it can form an inorganically dominated, sulfate- and phosphate-rich SEI interface with good homogeneity upstream of the second additive.The second additive can then form a film on the inorganically rich SEI membrane created by the first additive, resulting in an inorganic / organic layer. The thickness of this inorganic / organic layer is uniform and moderate, thus reducing the battery's impedance. This means that the combined use of the compound with the structural formula of Formula 1 and at least one of the silane additives with the structural formulas of Formula 2, Formula 3, and Formula 4 allows them to work synergistically to prevent lithium ions from penetrating the interior of the negative electrode, thereby improving the battery's capacity retention rate and contributing to its cycle life. Compared to an SEI membrane formed using a single additive, this SEI membrane exhibits a more stable structure and lower impedance.This avoids side reactions between the electrolyte solution and the negative electrode, and improves the battery's cycling performance and high-temperature performance.

[0037] In a specific embodiment, R1 is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted acyclic C1-C6 alkyl and substituted or unsubstituted acyclic C2-C6 alkenyl; R2 to R5 contain at least one halogen; M is selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K; Y is + N + R a R b R c R d , are R a to R d each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C7 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C7 alkenyl and substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl and contain R a to R d at least one hydrogen.

[0038] In the present application, the expression “R” means a to R d contain at least one hydrogen,” that at least one of R a to R d a hydrogen atom and the remaining three functional groups are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C7 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C7 alkenyl and substituted or substituted C2-C6 alkynyl.

[0039] If the first additive contains the compound represented by the structural formulas mentioned above, a superior synergistic effect occurs between the first and second additives, resulting in a more uniform SEI membrane with lower impedance. This further reduces the battery's impedance, thereby significantly improving its cycle life.

[0040] In a specific embodiment, R1 is substituted or unsubstituted acyclic C2-C6 alkenyl, R2 to R5 are each independently halogens; M is Li; Y is + N + R a R b R c R d , is R a Hydrogen and are R b to R d Each independently forms a C1-C3 alkyl compound. If the first additive contains the compound represented by the structural formula mentioned above, which enables it to act, an SEI membrane with improved lithium conductivity and a more stable structure can be formed, resulting in better battery cycling performance.

[0041] In a specific embodiment, R6 to R include 11at least two carbon-carbon double bonds. If the second additive includes the silane additive of formula 2 with the structural formula above, the carbon-carbon double bond in the silane additive of formula 2 can increase its reducing capacity, thereby improving its temperature stability and that of the electrolyte solution to a greater extent. After combining with the first additive, the silane additive of formula 2 can act more synergistically with the first additive, forming an SEI membrane with a more stable structure and lower resistance, thus enabling the battery to exhibit better high-temperature performance.

[0042] In a specific embodiment, R include 12 to R 15At least two carbon-carbon double bonds. If the silane additive of formula 3 exhibits the aforementioned structure, it can form a more stable network-like or three-dimensional cross-linking, thereby contributing to the formation of a denser and more stable SEI membrane. This prevents lithium ions from penetrating the interior of the negative electrode to a greater extent and reduces gas generation in the electrolyte solution. Furthermore, it can exhibit a better synergistic effect with the first additive, resulting in improved cycle life and high-temperature performance of the battery.

[0043] In a specific embodiment, the silane additive with the structure represented by Formula 4 includes at least three carbon-carbon double bonds. When the silane additive of Formula 4 has the aforementioned structure, it can further reduce the acidity of the electrolyte solution and prevent high-temperature gas generation in the battery to a greater extent. It can also improve the high-temperature performance of the battery and remove lithium oxides and peroxide ions from the electrolyte solution to a greater extent. Furthermore, it can also interact more effectively with the additive of Formula 1, thereby improving the cycle life and high-temperature performance of the battery.

[0044] In a specific embodiment, the first additive includes a compound with a structure represented by formulas 5 to 8:

[0045] If the first additive contains at least one of the compounds with a structure represented by formulas 5 to 8, it can dissolve in water to form a nitrogen-containing cationic group and an anion-containing lithium difluorophosphate and ethylene phosphate. The nitrogen-containing cationic group can adjust the pH of the electrolyte solution and improve conductivity. Furthermore, dissolution increases the number of free lithium ions in the solution, thereby improving the battery's cycling performance. If R2, R3, R4, and R5 are fluorine atoms, difluorophosphoric acid is introduced. Additionally, esters of the difluorophosphoric acid group exhibit an impedance-lowering effect, which can further improve the performance of the compounds with the structures represented by formulas 5 to 8 in reducing battery impedance.Consequently, a further improved synergistic effect can occur between the first additive and the second additive to produce a lower impedance SEI membrane and a more uniform structure CEI membrane, thereby further improving the battery's cycling performance and high-temperature performance.

[0046] If the first additive contains a compound with the structural formula of formula 5, triethylamine salt, a strong base and weak acid salt, exhibits ionic properties and can be dissolved in water to form triethylamine and an anion-containing lithium difluorophosphate and ethylene sulfate. Due to this property, the triethylamine salt adjusts the acidity and alkalinity of the electrolyte solution, improves conductivity, and increases the solubility of free lithium ions in the solution, thereby improving the battery's cycling performance. If R2, R3, R4, and R5 are fluorine atoms, difluorophosphoric acid is introduced. Furthermore, esters of the difluorophosphoric acid group exhibit an impedance-lowering effect, which can further improve the performance of the compound with the structural formula of formula 5 by reducing the battery's impedance.Consequently, a further improved synergistic effect can occur between the compound with the structural formula of formula 5 and the second additive to produce a lower impedance SEI membrane and a more uniform structure, thereby further improving the cycling performance and high-temperature performance of the battery.

[0047] In a specific embodiment, the silane additive with the structure represented by formula 2 comprises at least one of tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane, dimethyltetravinyldisiloxane, 1,3-bis(fluoromethyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1,3-divinyldisiloxane, or 1,1,3,3-tetrakis(fluoromethyl)-1,3-divinyldisiloxane. Selecting the silane additive with the structure represented by formula 2 from those described above results in higher temperature stability of the silane additive. This increases the temperature stability of the electrolyte solution, avoids the problem of gas generation in the battery, and improves the battery's high-temperature performance. Simultaneously, it can be used in combination with the first additive to produce a lower impedance and a denser, more uniform SEI membrane, further improving the battery's cycling performance.

[0048] In a specific embodiment, the silane additive with the structure represented by formula 3 comprises at least one of dimethyldivinylsilane, trivinylmethylsilane, or tetravinylsilane. When the silane additive with the structure represented by formula 3 is selected from the aforementioned compounds, it can be matched with the compounds represented by formulas 1 and 2 to form a SEI membrane with lower impedance, greater density and uniformity, as well as a CEI membrane with improved performance. Consequently, side reactions due to contact between the positive and negative electrodes and an electrolyte solution are prevented to a greater extent, further improving the battery's cycle life and high-temperature performance.

[0049] In a specific embodiment, the silane additive with the structure represented by formula 4 comprises at least one of tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate, bis(dimethyl(vinyl)silyl) methyl phosphate, tris(ethoxydimethylsilyl) phosphate, bis(ethoxydimethylsilyl) methyl phosphate, tetrakis(dimethyl(vinyl)silyl) diphosphate, or tetrakis((2-methoxyethyl)dimethylsilyl) diphosphate. When the silane additive with the structure represented by formula 4 is selected from the aforementioned compounds, it can be combined more effectively with hydrofluoric acid in the electrolyte solution, thereby reducing the acidity of the electrolyte solution to a greater extent. This avoids the influence of hydrofluoric acid on the active substances for the positive and negative electrodes and the electrolyte solution, and also prevents gas generation in the battery.Consequently, this improves the high-temperature performance of the battery and enables the formation of an SEI membrane and a CEI membrane with improved lithium conductivity, thereby improving the battery's cycle performance.

[0050] The present application provides an electrolyte solution comprising a lithium salt or a sodium salt, an organic solvent and the aforementioned additive composition.

[0051] When used in a lithium-ion battery, the electrolyte solution of the present application comprises a lithium salt and an organic solvent, wherein the lithium salt is not specifically restricted in the present application and may be one commonly used in the art, such as lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bisfluorosulfonimide, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate, and the like. When used in a sodium-ion battery, the electrolyte solution of the present application comprises a sodium salt and an organic solvent, wherein the sodium salt may be one commonly used in the art, such as sodium hexafluorophosphate, sodium perchlorate, sodium bisfluorosulfonimide, and the like. The organic solvent is used to dissolve the lithium or sodium salt in order to produce an electrolyte solution with good conductivity.It is not specifically restricted in the present application and can be a solvent commonly used in the industry, such as a carbonate, a carboxylate, an ether and the like.

[0052] When the aforementioned composition is introduced into the electrolyte solution, it is able to improve the cycling performance and high-temperature performance of the battery.

[0053] In a specific embodiment, the mass fraction of the first additive in the electrolyte solution is in the range of 0.1% to 3%, e.g., 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.25%, 1.5%, 1.75%, 2%, 2.25%, 2.5%, 2.75%, 3%, and the like; and the mass fraction of the second additive in the electrolyte solution is in the range of 0.03% to 3%, e.g., 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.25%, 1.5%, 1.75%, 2%, 2.25%, 2.5%, 2.75%, 3%, and the like. If the mass fraction of the first additive and the second additive is within the aforementioned ranges, the first additive and the second additive can exhibit a further synergistic effect to form an SEI membrane with lower impedance and a more stable structure.This prevents side reactions between the electrolyte solution and the negative electrode, thereby improving the battery's cycling performance and preventing battery gas generation to a greater extent, thus improving the battery's high-temperature performance.

[0054] In a specific embodiment, the second additive comprises the silane additives having the structure represented by Formula 2 and Formula 3, and the mass ratio between the silane additives having the structure represented by Formula 2 and Formula 3 is (1.5 to 2.0):1; for example, the mass ratio between the silane additives having the structure represented by Formula 2 and Formula 3 is 1.5:1, 1.6:1, 1.7:1, 1.8:1, 1.9:1, 2.0:1 and the like. If the second additive includes the silane additives with the structure represented by Formula 2 to Formula 3 with a mass ratio in the range defined above, the compounds of Formula 1, Formula 2 and Formula 3 can exhibit a further synergistic effect to improve the lithium conductivity of the generated SEI membrane, thereby reducing the impedance and improving the cycling performance of the battery.At the same time, the temperature stability of the electrolyte solution is increased, thus improving the high-temperature performance of the battery, and a CEI membrane with better properties can also be created, thereby improving the cycling performance of the battery.

[0055] In a specific embodiment, the second additive comprises the silane additives having the structure represented by Formula 2 and Formula 4, and the mass ratio between the silane additives having the structure represented by Formula 2 and Formula 4 is (0.5 to 1.5):1; for example, the mass ratio between the silane additives having the structure represented by Formula 2 and Formula 4 is 0.5:1, 0.6:1, 0.7:1, 0.8:1, 0.9:1, 1.0:1, 1.1:1, 1.2:1, 1.3:1, 1.4:1, 1.5:1 and the like. If the second additive includes the silane additives with the structure represented by formulas 2 to 4, with a mass ratio in the range defined above, the compounds of formula 1, formula 2 and formula 4 can exhibit a further synergistic effect to improve the lithium conductivity of the generated SEI membrane and CEI membrane.At the same time, the temperature stability of the electrolyte solution is increased and the acid content of the battery is reduced, thus further improving the cycling performance and the high-temperature performance of the battery.

[0056] In a specific embodiment, the second additive comprises the silane additives having the structure represented by formulas 3 and 4, and the mass ratio between the silane additives having the structure represented by formulas 3 and 4 is (0.5 to 1.5):1; for example, the mass ratio between the silane additives having the structure represented by formulas 3 and 4 is 0.5:1, 0.6:1, 0.7:1, 0.8:1, 0.9:1, 1.0:1, 1.1:1, 1.2:1, 1.3:1, 1.4:1, 1.5:1 and the like. If the second additive includes the silane additives with the structure represented by formulas 3 to 4, with a mass ratio in the range defined above, the compounds of formulas 1, 3, and 4 can have a further synergistic effect to improve the lithium conductivity of the generated SEI and CEI membranes, and the SEI and CEI membranes are denser and more stable.At the same time, the acid content of the battery is reduced and the lithium oxides and peroxide ions are removed from the electrolyte solution, thus further improving the cycling performance and high-temperature performance of the battery.

[0057] In a specific embodiment, the second additive comprises the silane additives having the structure represented by formula 2, formula 3 and formula 4, and has a mass ratio between the silane additives having the structure represented by formula 2, formula 3 and formula 4, (0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5):1; For example, the mass ratio between the silane additives with the structure represented by formula 2, formula 3 and formula 4 is 0.5:0.5:1, 0.6:0.6:1, 0.7:0.7:1, 0.8:0.8:1, 0.9:0.9:1, 1:1:1, 1.1:1, 1:1, 1.2:1, 1.3:1, 1.4:1, 1.5:1, 0.5:1, 0.5:1, 1:0.5:1, 1:1.5:1, 1.5:0.5:1, 1.5:1:1 and the like.If the second additive includes the silane additives with the structure represented by Formula 2, Formula 3, and Formula 4, with a mass ratio within the range defined above, the compounds of Formula 1, Formula 2, Formula 3, and Formula 4 can exhibit a further synergistic effect to form a lower-impedance SEI membrane and a lower-impedance CEI membrane. Simultaneously, the stability of the electrolyte solution is increased, and the acid content of the battery is further reduced, potentially resulting in superior cycle life and high-temperature performance.

[0058] In a specific embodiment, the electrolyte solution further comprises at least one of 1,3-propanesultone (PS), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), vinylene carbonate (VC), prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone (PST), tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate (TMSP), tris(trimethylsilyl)borate (TMSB), ethylene sulfate (DTD), lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate (LiODFP), lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO₂F₂), lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiODFB), or ethylene sulfite (ES). The addition of the aforementioned additives to the electrolyte solution further enhances the performance of the SEI membrane, resulting in lower impedance and a more stable SEI membrane structure, thereby further improving the battery's cycle life and high-temperature performance.

[0059] In a specific embodiment, the mass fraction of s in the electrolyte solution ranges from 0.03% to 3.2%; for example, the mass fraction of s in the electrolyte solution is 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, or 3.2%. When the mass fraction of s is within the aforementioned range, it is able to exhibit a further synergistic effect with the first additive and the second additive, thus improving the performance of the battery's SEI membrane, resulting in higher cycle life and high-temperature performance of the battery.

[0060] In a specific embodiment, the electrolyte solution of the present application further comprises a lithium salt or a sodium salt. The specific choices of the lithium salt and the sodium salt are not limited in the present application. For example, the lithium salt may comprise at least one of LiPF6, LiBF4, LiFSI, LiTFSI, LiAsF6, LiClO4, LiCF3SO3, LiBOB, LiTDI, or Li2PFO3; the sodium salt may comprise at least one of sodium perchlorate, sodium bis(oxalato)borate, sodium difluoro(oxalato)borate, sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, or sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide. The addition of the lithium salt or sodium salt may improve the conductivity and stability of the electrolyte solution, thereby improving the cycling performance of the battery. When the electrolyte solution is introduced into a lithium-ion battery, the mass fraction of the lithium salt in the electrolyte solution is in the range of 12% to 18%, e.g.,12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, or 18%. When the electrolyte solution is introduced into a sodium-ion battery, the mass fraction of the sodium salt in the electrolyte solution is in the range of 12% to 18%. If the mass fraction of the lithium salt or the sodium salt is within the aforementioned range, the conductivity and stability of the electrolyte solution can be further improved, thereby enhancing the battery's cycling performance to a greater extent.

[0061] In a specific embodiment, the electrolyte solution of the present application further comprises an organic solvent. The organic solvent comprises at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, or methyl propionate. When the solvent of the electrolyte solution comprises the aforementioned solvents, the degree of dissolution of the lithium salt in the electrolyte solution can be increased, and the conductivity of the electrolyte solution can be increased, thereby further increasing the cycling performance of the battery. A mass fraction of the organic solvent in the electrolyte solution is in the range of 50% to 80%, e.g., 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, or 80%.If the mass fraction of the organic solvent is within the above range, the conductivity of the electrolyte solution can be further improved, thereby improving the cycling performance of the battery to a greater extent.

[0062] The present application further provides a battery containing the aforementioned electrolyte solution. The battery exhibits excellent cycle life and high-temperature performance.

[0063] In a specific embodiment, the battery includes, in addition to the electrolyte solution of the present application, a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and a separator. During the charging and discharging processes, active ions are repeatedly intercalated and deintercalated between the positive and negative electrode plates. The electrolyte solution conducts these ions between the positive and negative electrode plates. The separator is positioned between the positive and negative electrode plates to prevent a short circuit between them while allowing ions to pass through. Specifically, this means: The positive electrode plate includes a current collector with a positive electrode and a layer of positive electrode active material applied to the surface of the current collector. The positive electrode active material contains a mass fraction of elemental nickel greater than or equal to 40%. When the mass fraction of elemental nickel in the positive electrode active material is within this range, the active material offers lower costs and a significantly higher gram capacity. However, the high-nickel active material exhibits poor temperature stability, leading to transition metal dissolution and microcracking at elevated temperatures.The introduction of the aforementioned electrolyte solution enables the formation of a uniform, strong CEI membrane on the surface of the active substance for negative electrodes in situ and the formation of a uniform, strong SEI membrane on the surface of the active substance for negative electrodes, which can effectively improve the cycling performance of the battery while achieving high capacity at low cost.

[0064] In a specific embodiment, if the battery is a lithium-ion battery, the active substance for positive electrodes comprises at least one of lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate and ternary material.

[0065] Preferably the active substance for positive electrodes fulfills the general formula Li a Ni b Co c M1 d M2 e O f R g, 1≤a≤1,2, 0,6 <b<1, 0<c<1, 0<d<1, 0≤e≤0,2, b+c+d+e=1, 1≤f≤2, 0≤g≤1, f+g=2; beinhaltet M1 Mn und / oder Al, beinhaltet M2 mindestens eines von Zr, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mg, Fe, V, Ti, Sr, Sb, Y, W oder Nb und beinhaltet R mindestens eines von N, F, S oder Cl.

[0066] Furthermore preferably, the active substance for positive electrodes comprises at least one of LiNi 0,7 Co 0,1 Mn 0,2 O2 (NCM712), LiNi 0,8 Co 0,1 Mn 0,1 O2 (NCM811), LiNi 0,8 Co 0,15 Al 0,05 O2 or LiNi 0,9 CO 0,05 Mn 0,05 O2.

[0067] In a specific embodiment, if the battery is a sodium-ion battery, the active substance for positive electrodes comprises at least one of a layered oxide, Prussian white, Prussian blue or a polyanionic material.

[0068] Preferably the active substance for positive electrodes comprises at least one of Na x1M1O2, Na x2 M2[M3(CN)6], NaFePO4, Na3V2(PO4)3, Na2M4P2O7, Na2Fe2(SO4)3 or Na2M4(SO4)2·2H2O, 0 <x1≤1, beinhaltet M1 mindestens eines von Ni, Co, Mn, Fe oder Cu, 0<x2<6, beinhaltet M2 mindestens eines von Ni, Fe oder Mn, beinhaltet M3 mindestens eines von Fe oder Mn und beinhaltet M4 mindestens eines von Fe, Co, Mn oder Cu.

[0069] Preferably, the active substance for positive electrodes comprises at least one of NaNiO2, NaFeO2, Na 2 / 3 Ni 1 / 3 Mn 2 / 3 O2 or Na 2 / 3 Fe 1 / 2 Mn 1 / 2 O2.

[0070] In a specific embodiment, the current collector with a positive electrode includes a metal foil or a composite current collector. For example, an aluminum foil can be used as the metal foil. The composite current collector comprises a polymer matrix and a metallic layer formed on at least one surface of the polymer matrix. The composite current collector can be formed by depositing a metallic material (e.g., aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver, or silver alloy) onto the polymer matrix (e.g., a matrix of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), and the like).

[0071] In a specific embodiment, the active substance layer for positive electrodes further comprises a binder. The binder comprises at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene propylene terpolymer, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene terpolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, or fluorinated acrylate resin.

[0072] In a specific embodiment, the layer of active substance for positive electrodes further comprises a conductive material. For example, the conductive material comprises at least one of superconducting carbon, acetylene carbon black, carbon black, Ketjen carbon black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphite, or carbon nanofibers.

[0073] The negative electrode plate includes a current collector with a negative electrode and a layer of active material for negative electrodes arranged on the surface of the current collector with the negative electrode. The layer of active material for negative electrodes contains an active material for negative electrodes. The active material for negative electrodes includes at least one of the following: synthetic graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, mesocarbon microbeads, a silicon-based material, a tin-based material, or lithium titanate.

[0074] In a specific embodiment, the layer of active substance for negative electrodes may further comprise a binder, a conductive agent, or other excipients. For example, the binder may comprise at least one of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyacrylic acid (PAA), sodium polyacrylate (PAAS), polyacrylamide (PAM), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), polymethacrylic acid (PMAA), or carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). The conductive agent may comprise at least one of superconducting carbon, carbon black, carbon black, Ketjen's carbon black, carbon dots, single-walled carbon nanotubes, graphite, or carbon nanofibers. The excipient may comprise a thickening agent, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na), and the like.

[0075] The present application is not specifically limited to the type of separator, and any separator with a porous structure that exhibits good chemical and mechanical stability can be used. For example, the separator material comprises at least one of glass fibers, nonwoven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyvinylidene fluoride. The separator can be a single-layer film or a multi-layer composite film.

[0076] The battery of the present application can include a single battery, a battery module and a battery pack. Example 1

[0077] The electrolyte solution provided in this example includes: a lithium salt, namely lithium hexafluorophosphate, in a mass fraction of 14.5%; an organic solvent, including EC, PC, EMC and DEC, in a mass ratio of EC:PC:EMC:DEC=1.5:1.5:5:5:2; a compound with the structure represented by formula 5 (CAS: 2681338-34-9), in a mass fraction of 0.3%; and tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane in a mass fraction of 0.05%.

[0078] The electrolyte solution in this example is prepared by a procedure that includes the following steps: The solvents in a mass ratio EC:PC:EMC:DEC = 1.5:1.5:5:2 were mixed uniformly in an argon-filled glove box (humidity <10 ppm, oxygen <1 ppm). Lithium salts and additives were rapidly added to the mixed solvents. After thorough mixing, the mixture was stirred uniformly to obtain the electrolyte solution.

[0079] The formulations of the electrolyte solution provided in Examples 1-88 and Comparative Examples 1-5 are essentially the same as in Example 1 and the specific parameters are shown in Table 1. Table 1 First additive (%) Second additive Third additive (%) Lithium salt (%) Structural formula of Formula 2 (%) Structural formula of Formula 3 (%) Structural formula of Formula 4 (%) Example 1 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,05 / / / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 2 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,1 / / / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 3 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 4 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 1 / / / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 5 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 2 / / / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 6 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 3 / / / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 7 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 4 / / / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 8 Formula 5 0,05 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 9 Formula 5 0,5 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 10 Formula 5 1 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 11 Formula 5 2 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 13 Formula 5 2,5 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 14 Formula 5 3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 15 Formula 5 0,5 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,03 / / / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 16 Formula 5 0,5 Dimethyltetravinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 17 Formula 5 0,5 Dimethyldivinylbis(trifluoromethyl)disiloxane 0,5 / / / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 18 Formula 5 0,5 Divinyltetra(trifluoromethyl)disiloxane 0,5 / / / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 19 Formula 5 0,3 / / Tetravinylsilane 0,05 / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 20 Formula 5 0,3 / / Tetravinylsilane 0,1 / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 21 Formula 5 0,3 / / Tetravinylsilane 0,5 / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 22 Formula 5 0,3 / / Tetravinylsilane 1 / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 23 Formula 5 0,3 / / Tetravinylsilane 2 / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 24 Formula 5 0,3 / / Tetravinylsilane 3 / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 25 Formula 5 0,3 / / Tetravinylsilane 4 / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 26 Formula 5 0,3 / / Dimethyldivinylsilane 0,5 / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 27 Formula 5 0,3 / / Trivinylmethylsilane 0,5 / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 28 Formula 5 0,3 / / / / Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate 0,05 / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 29 Formula 5 0,3 / / / / Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate 0,1 / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 30 Formula 5 0,3 / / / / Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl)- 0,5 / Lithium hexafluorine 14,5 phosphate phosphate Example 31 Formula 5 0,3 / / / / Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate 1 / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 32 Formula 5 0,3 / / / / Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate 2 / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 33 Formula 5 0,3 / / / / Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate 3 / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 34 Formula 5 0,3 / / / / Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate 4 / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 35 Formula 5 0,3 / / / / Bis(dimethylvinylsilyl)methoxyphosphate 0,5 / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 36 Formula 5 0,3 / / / / Tris(dimethyl(methoxyethyl)silyl)phosphate 0,5 / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 37 Formula 5 0,3 / / / / Bis(dimethyl-(methoxyethyl)-silyl)-methoxyphosph at 0,5 / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 38 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,2 Tetravinylsilane 0,2 / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 39 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,3 Tetravinylsilane 0,2 / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 40 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,1 Tetravinylsilane 3 / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 41 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,2 / / Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate 0,2 / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 42 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,3 / / Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate 0,2 / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 43 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,1 / / Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate 3 / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 44 Formula 5 0,3 / / Tetravinylsilane 0,2 Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate 0,2 / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 45 Formula 5 0,3 / / Tetravinylsilane 0,3 Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate 0,2 / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 46 Formula 5 0,3 / / Tetravinylsilane 0,1 Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate 3 / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 47 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,3 Tetravinylsilane 0,1 Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate 0,1 / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 48 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,3 Tetravinylsilane 0,2 Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate 0,2 / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 49 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,3 / / / / PS, 1; FEC, 1; VC, 0, 5 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 50 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,2 / / / / PS, 1; FEC, 1; VC, 0, 5 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 51 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / PS, 1; FEC, 1; VC, 0, 5 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 52 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 1 / / / / PS, 1; FEC, 1; VC, 0, 5 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 53 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 2 / / / / PS, 1; FEC, 1; VC, 0, 5 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 54 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 3 / / / / PS, 1; FEC, 1; VC, 0, 5 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 55 Formula 5 0,5 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / PS, 1; FEC, 1; VC, 0, 5 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 56 Formula 5 1 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / PS, 1; FEC, 1; VC, 0, 5 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 57 Formula 5 2 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / PS, 1; FEC, 1; VC, 0, 5 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 58 Formula 5 0,05 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / PS, 1; FEC, 1; VC, 0, 5 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 59 Formula 5 2,5 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / PS, 1; FEC, 1; VC, 0, 5 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 60 Formula 5 0,3 / / Tetravinylsilane 0,5 / / PS, 1; FEC, 1; VC, 0, 5 Lithium hexafluorine 14,5 phosphate Example 61 Formula 5 0,3 / / Tetravinylsilane 1 / / PS, 1; FEC, 1; VC, 0, 6 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 62 Formula 5 0,3 / / / / Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate 0,5 PS, 1; FEC, 1; VC, 0, 7 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 63 Formula 5 0,3 / / / / Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate 1 PS, 1; FEC, 1; VC, 0, 8 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 64 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,3 Tetravinylsilane 0,1 Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate 0,1 PS, 1; FEC, 1; VC, 0, 9 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 65 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,3 Tetravinylsilane 0,2 Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate 0,2 PS, 1; FEC, 1; VC, 0, 10 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 66 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / PS, 0.5; FEC, 1; VC, 0.5 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 67 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / PS, 1; DTD, 1; VC, 0, 5 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 68 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / PS, 1; DTD,1; VC, 0,3 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 69 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / PST, 0.5;TMSB, 0.3;LiODFP, 0.3 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 70 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / PS, 1; ES,0,3;LiODFB, 0,3 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 71 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / PST, 0.5;TMSB, 0.3;LiPO2F2, 0.3 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 72 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / PS, 1; FEC, 1; VC, 0, 5 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 12 Example 73 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / PS, 1; FEC, 1; VC, 0, 6 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 18 Example 74 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / PS, 1; FEC, 1; VC, 0, 6 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 20 Example 75 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisilo 0,5 / / / / PS, 1,2; FEC, 1; VC,1 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 -xan Example 76 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / PS, 1,2; FEC, 1; VC,1 Sodium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 77 Formula 5 0,1 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 78 Formula 5 4 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 79 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,4 Tetravinylsilane 0,2 / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 80 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,1 / / Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate 0,2 / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 81 Formula 5 0,3 / / Tetravinylsilane 0,1 Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate 0,2 / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 82 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / VC, 0.03 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 83 Formula 5 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / / PS, 1; FEC,1; VC, 1 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 84 Formula 6 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 85 Formula 7 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 86 Formula 8 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,5 / / / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 87 Formula 6 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,3 Tetravinylsilane 0,2 Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate 0,2 PS, 1; FEC, 1; VC, 0, 10 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Example 88 Formula 7 0,3 Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane 0,3 Tetravinylsilane 0,2 Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate 0,2 PS, 1; FEC, 1; VC, 0, 10 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Comparative example 1 Formula 5 0,3 / / / / / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Comparative example / / Tetramethyl 0,5 / / / / / Lithium hexafluorine 14,5 el 2 divinyldisilo-xane phosphate Comparative example 3 / / / / Tetravinylsilane 0,5 / / / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Comparative example 4 / / / / / / Tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate 0,5 / Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5 Comparative example 5 / / / / / / / / PS, 1; FEC, 1; VC, 0, 5 Lithium hexafluorophosphate 14,5

[0080] Note: “ / ” in Table 1 indicates that the corresponding substance or parameter is not present. Test example 1

[0081] Preparation of the positive electrode plate: The active substance for positive electrodes, NCM811, the binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and the conductive agent acetylene carbon black were mixed in a weight ratio of 96.5:2:1.5. N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) was then added, and the mixture was stirred using a vacuum mixer until it became a positive electrode slurry with homogeneous fluidity. The positive electrode slurry was then uniformly applied to a 7 µm thick aluminum foil, and the foil coated with the slurry was subsequently dried in an oven at 120 °C for 8 hours. Finally, the resulting product was rolled, and the compressed density of the positive electrode plate was reduced to 3.5 g / cm³. 3 adjusted, which was then separated to obtain the positive electrode plate.

[0082] Fabrication of the negative electrode plate: The active material for the negative electrode, synthetic graphite, the thickening agent sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na), the binder styrene-butadiene rubber, and the conductive materials acetylene carbon black and single-walled carbon nanotubes were mixed in a weight ratio of 95.9:1:2:1:0.1. Deionized water was then added using a vacuum mixer to form a negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry was applied uniformly to a 6 µm thick copper foil. The copper foil coated with the negative electrode slurry was dried at 85 °C for 5 hours. Finally, the resulting material was rolled, and the compressed density of the negative electrode plate was reduced to 1.5 g / cm³. 3 adjusted, which was then separated to obtain the negative electrode plate.

[0083] A polyethylene separator with a thickness of 8 µm was selected.

[0084] Fabrication of a lithium-ion battery: The positive electrode plate, separator, and negative electrode plate, fabricated as described above, were wound to obtain a raw cell without injected liquid. The raw cell was placed in an outer casing, and the electrolyte solution of Examples 1-75, Examples 77-88, and Comparative Examples 1-5, as described above, was injected into the dried raw cell. The lithium-ion battery was obtained after processes such as vacuum potting, settling, formation, shaping, and sorting. Test example 2

[0085] Production of the positive electrode plate: The active substance for positive electrodes Na[Ni 1 / 3 Fe 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3[O2], the binder carbon black and carbon nanotube, and the conductive agent polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were mixed in a weight ratio of 94.5:3.5:1.8:0.2. N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) was then added, and the mixture was stirred using a vacuum mixer until it became a positive electrode slurry with homogeneous fluidity. The positive electrode slurry was then uniformly applied to a 7 µm thick aluminum foil, and the foil coated with the positive electrode slurry was subsequently dried in an oven at 120 °C for 8 hours. Finally, the resulting product was rolled, and the compressed density of the positive electrode plate was adjusted to 3.5 g / cm³. 3 adjusted, which was then separated to obtain the positive electrode plate.

[0086] Production of the negative electrode plate: The active substance for negative electrodes (hard carbon), the thickening agent (CMC), the binder (styrene-butadiene rubber), and the conductive agent (acetylene carbon black) were mixed in a weight ratio of 95:2:1.5:1.5. Deionized water was then added using a vacuum mixer to form a negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry was applied evenly to a 6 µm thick copper foil. The copper foil coated with the negative electrode slurry was dried at 85 °C for 5 hours. Finally, the resulting product was rolled, and the compressed density of the negative electrode plate was reduced to 1.5 g / cm³. 3 adjusted, which was then separated to obtain the negative electrode plate.

[0087] A polyethylene separator with a thickness of 8 µm was selected.

[0088] Fabrication of a sodium-ion battery: The positive electrode plate, separator, and negative electrode plate, fabricated as described above, were wound to obtain a crude cell without injected liquid. The crude cell was placed in an outer casing, and the electrolyte solution from Example 76, as described above, was injected into the dried crude cell. The sodium-ion battery was obtained after processes such as vacuum potting, settling, formation, shaping, and sorting. Test example 3

[0089] The batteries from Examples 1-88 and Comparison Examples 1-5 were subjected to electrochemical performance tests and the test results are shown in Table 2. 1. Storage test at 60 °C: The battery was placed in an environment at 25 °C and charged at a constant current of 1 C to a cutoff voltage of 2.5 V. After a 5-minute rest period, it was charged at a constant current of 1 C and constant voltage to an upper limit voltage of 4.5 V with a cutoff current of 0.05 C. The initially fully charged softpack battery was immersed in liquid, and the mass m1 of the released liquid was calculated using the dehydration method. The battery was then placed in a 60 °C high-temperature box and left to rest for 20 days, after which the mass m2 of the released liquid from the battery was measured. The calculation formula is: Gas production quantity (ml) = (m2 - m1) / ρ. 2. Cycle test at room temperature (25 °C): After a 3-hour rest period, the battery was placed in an environment of 25 °C and then charged at a constant current of 1 C and a constant voltage to an upper limit voltage of 4.5 V with a cut-off current of 0.05 C. After full charging, the battery was allowed to rest for 5 minutes and then discharged at a constant current of 1 C to the cut-off voltage of 2.5 V. The highest discharge capacity of the first three cycles was recorded as the initial capacity Q1. The final discharge capacity Q2 of the battery was recorded when it reached 500 cycles. The calculation formula is: Capacity retention rate (%) = Q2 / Q1 × 100%. Table 2 Gas production quantity during storage at 60 °C (ml) Capacity retention rate after 500 cycles at 25 °C and 1 °C / 1 °C / % Example 1 7,2 86,3 Example 2 6,8 87,1 Example 3 4,5 89,3 Example 4 5,2 88,9 Example 5 5,8 88,5 Example 6 6,5 87,6 Example 7 7,5 82,0 Example 8 8,1 80,6 Example 9 4,5 90,1 Example 10 4,9 88,1 Example 11 5,2 86,4 Example 13 6,5 82,7 Example 14 6,1 80,4 Example 15 8,5 78,2 Example 16 5,8 87,6 Example 17 4,9 88,9 Example 18 5,2 86,7 Example 19 7,8 84,3 Example 20 7,6 86,2 Example 21 4,5 91,2 Example 22 5,7 87,7 Example 23 6,7 85,3 Example 24 7,3 83,2 Example 25 9,4 82,5 Example 26 6,5 83,9 Example 27 6,1 83,5 Example 28 8,5 82,8 Example 29 7,8 83,8 Example 30 7,1 88,6 Example 31 5,5 89,7 Example 32 8,3 87,2 Example 33 8,9 86,6 Example 34 9,7 81,6 Example 35 8,0 87,9 Example 36 8,5 87,5 Example 37 8,9 87,0 Example 38 4,8 89,3 Example 39 3,7 90,7 Example 40 4,8 85,3 Example 41 5,2 89,7 Example 42 4,6 90,4 Example 43 6,6 82,5 Example 44 5,2 89,5 Example 45 3,8 91,9 Example 46 6,6 81,2 Example 47 4,5 85,5 Example 48 2,5 93,4 Example 49 5,5 89,3 Example 50 6,4 88,1 Example 51 4,1 91,5 Example 52 4,9 89,5 Example 53 5,3 89 Example 54 5,7 88,2 Example 55 4,0 91,3 Example 56 4,5 89,2 Example 57 4,9 87,9 Example 58 4,1 89,5 Example 59 4,8 89 Example 60 4,0 92,2 Example 61 5,3 88,4 Example 62 6,5 88,3 Example 63 4,1 91,3 Example 64 3,9 90,5 Example 65 2,0 94,6 Example 66 4,1 90,1 Example 67 3,9 89,8 Example 68 3,8 90,3 Example 69 3,7 89,7 Example 70 4,2 89,9 Example 71 4,0 90,2 Example 72 5,3 89,3 Example 73 6,8 86,1 Example 74 9,7 85,4 Example 75 3,6 90,4 Example 76 5,5 85 Example 77 6,5 83,2 Example 78 6,5 78 Example 79 4,1 89,8 Example 80 5,8 85,1 Example 81 5,7 83,6 Example 82 4,1 89,7 Example 83 4,2 91,3 Example 84 4,7 89,1 Example 85 4,9 88,7 Example 86 4,7 89,2 Example 87 2,6 92,5 Example 88 2,9 92,1 Comparative example 1 10,6 75,6 Comparative example 2 7,4 70,9 Comparative example 3 8,3 70,1 Comparative example 4 8,7 70,6 Comparative example 5 13,4 60,2

[0090] As shown in Table 2, comparisons of Examples 1-48, 77-81, and 84-86 with comparative examples 1-4, as well as comparisons of Examples 49-65 and comparative example 5, demonstrate that the first and second additives act synergistically, resulting in improved cycle life and high-temperature performance of the battery. Furthermore, comparisons of Examples 66-71, 75, 82, and 83 show that the introduction of a third additive can further improve the cycle life and high-temperature performance of the battery. The comparison of Examples 72-74 shows that if the mass fraction of the lithium salt is in the range of 12% to 18%, the cycle life and high-temperature performance of the battery can be further increased.In summary, the electrolyte solution provided by the present application is able to improve the cycling performance and high-temperature performance of the battery.

[0091] Ultimately, it is understood that the foregoing examples are intended to illustrate, and not limit, the technical solutions of the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, a person skilled in the art understands that the technical solutions documented therein may still be modified or that some or all of the technical features may be replaced by equivalent features. Such modifications or replacements do not alter the core of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the examples in the present application. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] CH 202410648928.4

[0001]

Claims

[1] Additive compound comprising a first additive and a second additive; and the first additive comprises a compound having a structure represented by formula 1: where R1 is selected from the group consisting of -R and -OR, and R is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C1-C7 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C7 alkenyl, and substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl; R2 to R5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl; M is an alkali metal; and Y + is a monovalent cation; and The second additive comprises a silane additive. [2] Additive composition according to claim 1, wherein the silane additive comprises an unsaturated bond. [3] Additive composition according to claim 2, wherein the second additive comprises at least one of silane additives having a structure represented by formula 2, formula 3 or formula 4: where R6 to R 11 Each is selected independently from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 -Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 12 -Aalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 12 -Alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 -Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 12 -Aryl and substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 12 -Aryloxy; one substituent in each of R6 to R 11 one of halogen, amino or hydroxyl and the silane additive with the structure represented by formula 2 comprises at least two degrees of unsaturation; R 12 to R 15Each is selected independently from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 -Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 12 -Aalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 12 -Alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 12 -Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 12 -Aryl and substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 12 -Aryloxy, a substituent in each of R 12 to R 15 one of halogen or hydroxyl and the silane additive with the structure represented by formula 3 comprises at least two degrees of unsaturation; and R 16 , R 17 and R 18each independently selected from the group consisting of vinyl, methoxyethyl and substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkyl, and the silane additive with the structure represented by formula 4 comprises at least three degrees of unsaturation. [4] Additive composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted acyclic C1-C6 alkyl and substituted or unsubstituted acyclic C2-C6 alkenyl; R2 to R5 comprise at least one halogen; M is selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K; Y + N + R a R b R c R d is, where R a to R deach independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C7 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C7 alkenyl and substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkynyl and R a to R d contain at least one hydrogen. [5] Additive composition according to claim 4, wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted acyclic C2-C6 alkenyl; R2 to R5 are each independently halogens; M is Li; Y + N + R a R bRcRct is, R a Hydrogen is and R b to R d Each is independently of the other C1-C3 alkyl. [6] Additive composition according to one of claims 2, 3 and 5, wherein R6 to R 11 comprise at least two carbon-carbon double bonds; and / or R 12 to R 15comprise at least two carbon-carbon double bonds; and / or The silane additive with the structure represented by formula 4 comprises at least three carbon-carbon double bonds. [7] Additive composition according to one of claims 1-3 and 5, wherein the first additive comprises a compound having a structure as represented by formulas 5 to 8: [8] Additive composition according to claim 7, wherein the silane additive with the structure represented by formula 2 comprises at least one of tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane, dimethyltetravinyldisiloxane, 1,3-bis(fluoromethyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1,3-divinyldisiloxane or 1,1,3,3-tetrakis(fluoromethyl)-1,3-divinyldisiloxane; and / or the silane additive with the structure represented by formula 3 comprises at least one of dimethyldivinylsilane, trivinylmethylsilane or tetravinylsilane; and / or the silane additive with the structure represented by formula 4 comprises at least one of tris(dimethylvinylsilyl) phosphate, bis(dimethyl(vinyl)silyl) methyl phosphate, tris(ethoxydimethylsilyl) phosphate, bis(ethoxydimethylsilyl) methyl phosphate, tetrakis(dimethyl(vinyl)silyl) diphosphate or tetrakis((2-methoxyethyl)dimethylsilyl) diphosphate. [9] Electrolyte solution comprising a lithium salt or a sodium salt, an organic solvent and the additive composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8. [10] Electrolyte solution according to claim 9, wherein a mass fraction of the first additive in the electrolyte solution is in the range of 0.1% to 3%; and / or a mass fraction of the second additive in the electrolyte solution is in the range of 0.03% to 3%. [11] Electrolyte solution according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the second additive comprises the silane additives having the structure represented by formula 2 and formula 3 and has a mass ratio between the silane additives having the structure represented by formula 2 and formula 3 of (1.5 to 2.0):1; and / or the second additive comprises the silane additives with the structure represented by formula 2 and formula 4 and has a mass ratio between the silane additives with the structure represented by formula 2 and formula 4 of (0.5 to 1.5):1; and / or the second additive comprises the silane additives with the structure represented by formula 3 and formula 4 and has a mass ratio between the silane additives with the structure represented by formula 3 and formula 4 of (0.5 to 1.5):1; and / or the second additive comprises the silane additives with the structure represented by formula 2, formula 3 and formula 4 and has a mass ratio between the silane additives with the structure represented by formula 2, formula 3 and formula 4, (0.5 to 1.5):(0.5 to 1.5):

1. [12] Electrolyte solution according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the electrolyte solution further comprises a and which comprises at least one of 1,3-propanesultone, fluoroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone, tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate, tris(trimethylsilyl)borate, ethylene sulfate, lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate or ethylene sulfite; and a mass fraction of the in the electrolyte solution is in the range of 0.03% to 3.2%. [13] Battery comprising the electrolyte solution according to any one of claims 9 to 12. [14] Battery according to claim 13, wherein the battery further comprises an active substance for positive electrodes and an active substance for negative electrodes, wherein the active substance for positive electrodes comprises at least one of lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate or ternary material; or the active substance for positive electrodes comprises at least one of a layered oxide, Prussian white, Prussian blue or a polyanionic material; and the active substance for negative electrodes comprises at least one of synthetic graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, mesocarbon microbeads, a silicon-based material, a tin-based material or lithium titanate.