Engine in a version with one or more cylinder modules

Abstract

Motor in design with one or more cylinder modules, characterized in that it has a stationary piston (3) with a central shaft (4) to which a crankshaft (7) is rotatably attached, the other end of which is rotatably connected to a connecting rod (8), the other end of which is connected to a linearly moving cylinder (6), wherein the stationary piston (3) is equipped with valves (1) and inlet and outlet ports (2).

Description

Technical area

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of internal combustion engines and relates to the design of an engine that can be designed as both a two-stroke and a four-stroke engine. State of the art

[0002] An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a machine that converts the chemical energy of a fuel into mechanical work through combustion. Fuels are capable of undergoing a chemical combustion reaction, releasing heat. Fuels can be solid, liquid, or gaseous; the medium in which they are burned is usually air, but it can also be another substance. The working gas can be purely gaseous or it can consist of combustion gases. The working gas is either continuously exchanged or it is confined within the engine. The moving part of the engine, upon which the working gas acts, can move in various ways. To generate mechanical work, one of these movement methods or both can be used together. Given this, it is not surprising that the group of internal combustion engines encompasses a wide variety of types and designs. Therefore, it is useful to apply the appropriate criteria for their classification.Internal combustion engines can be classified according to several criteria. These criteria are independent of each other, so a simple tree structure cannot be created in this case. Internal combustion engines are also divided into engines with an interrupted work cycle, such as two-stroke or four-stroke engines, and further according to their basic operating principle: piston engines with a linear reciprocating motion of the piston (the majority of modern internal combustion engines) or engines with a rotary motion of the piston (Wankel engine). Piston engines are further subdivided according to the type of combustion initiation. Otto engines - combustion is triggered by energy from an external source (spark from the spark plug); and Diesel engines - combustion is triggered by heating the compressed mixture above its ignition temperature.

[0003] There are further, more detailed classification criteria: Engines are classified according to the type of fuel they burn: Gas engines - which burn gaseous fuels, e.g. natural gas. Engines for liquid fuels - mineral oil fuels (gasoline, diesel) or others (alcohol). Engines for solid fuels - e.g., coal dust.

[0004] Furthermore, a subdivision is made according to the location of the mixture preparation: With mixture formation outside the working space - e.g. in the carburetor or in a combustion chamber.

[0005] With mixture formation in the working space - e.g. in the cylinder of diesel engines.

[0006] The piston internal combustion engine is the most widespread type of internal combustion engine in technical equipment. They are used almost exclusively for powering motor vehicles. Their fundamental component is the piston, which performs a linear or rotary motion, converting the pressure energy of the gas filling into the mechanical energy of the rotating shaft.

[0007] Otto engine – The fundamental characteristic of Otto engines is that the fuel-air mixture in the cylinder is typically ignited by a spark between the electrodes of a spark plug. The mixture requires an external energy source for ignition. The Otto engine can operate as a two-stroke or a four-stroke engine.

[0008] Diesel engine – The fundamental characteristic of diesel engines is that the fuel-air mixture, which forms directly in the combustion chamber, ignites spontaneously through the heat of compression. These engines have such a high compression ratio that, at the moment of fuel injection, the temperature in the combustion chamber is higher than the ignition temperature of the fuel when the intake air is compressed. Diesel engines can also operate as two-stroke or four-stroke engines. Summary of the invention

[0009] The subject matter of the invention, as defined in the claims, is an engine whose design is characterized by the fact that it can be configured with one or more cylinder modules. A central shaft runs through these modules, to which cams and a crankshaft are attached. The crankshaft serves to convert the linear reciprocating motion into rotary motion. The engine can be equipped with one or more connecting rods, depending on the number of cylinder modules. Two pistons are always arranged in a 180° position within each cylinder. These pistons function as double-acting pistons and are rigidly connected to each other in pairs by one or two connecting rods located outside and on the sides of the cylinder(s). The engine can also be configured in a variant where the pistons are fixed and immovable.In this case, the valves, valve channels, spark plugs, injectors, and camshaft are housed within the pistons, and the working motion is performed by the cylinders connected to the cylinder head. In another variant, the pistons perform the working motion; in this case, the valves, valve channels, and camshaft are located in the cylinder head, similar to boxer engines with opposing pistons and no crankcase. The engine can be designed as a single-cylinder or multi-piston engine, always with an even number of pistons. The engine comprises a stationary piston with a central shaft to which a crankshaft is rotatably attached. The other end of the crankshaft is rotatably connected to a connecting rod, the other end of which is connected to a linearly moving cylinder. The stationary piston is equipped with valves as well as intake and exhaust ports.The engine comprises two stationary pistons with a central shaft, at the ends of which rotatably mounted crankshafts are attached. The other ends of these crankshafts are rotatably connected to connecting rods, the other ends of which are connected to a linearly moving cylinder. The stationary pistons are equipped with valves and intake and exhaust ports. The engine comprises two stationary pistons with a central shaft, between which a crankshaft is rotatably mounted. The other end of the crankshaft is rotatably connected to a connecting rod, the other end of which is connected to a linearly moving cylinder. The stationary pistons are equipped with valves and intake and exhaust ports. The engine comprises a double-acting piston, which is slidably mounted in a cylinder. A connecting rod is rotatably attached to the piston pin of the piston and is rotatably connected to a crankshaft, which in turn is rotatably connected to the central shaft.Both ends of the cylinder are equipped with valves, as well as intake and exhaust ports. The valves are connected to cams driven by the central shaft. The proposed engine design aims to reduce mechanical losses, fuel consumption, and emissions, while also providing improved torque, faster engine warm-up, material savings, weight reduction, and an overall reduction in engine size. These engines are lighter than traditional, classic piston engines with a conventional crankshaft drive. Description of the drawings Fig. Figure 1 shows an engine with a movable cylinder and a crankshaft. Fig. Figure 2 shows an engine with two movable cylinders and two crankshafts on the sides. Fig. Figure 3 shows an engine with two moving cylinders and a connecting rod. Fig. Figure 4 shows an engine with a movable piston. Fig. Figure 5 shows an engine with a moving cylinder. Exemplary embodiments of the invention

[0010] The engine can be configured with one or more cylinder modules. A central shaft 4 runs through these modules, to which cams 5 and a crankshaft 7 are attached. The crankshaft 7 converts the linear reciprocating motion into a rotary motion. Depending on the number of cylinder modules, the engine can be equipped with one or more connecting rods (8). The pistons 3 are housed in the cylinders 6, which move in a linear reciprocating motion. Each cylinder 6 always contains two pistons 3 arranged at a 180° angle, rigidly connected in pairs by one or two connecting rods 8 located outside and on the sides of the cylinder(s). The engine can also be configured in a variant where the pistons 3 are fixed in place.In this case, the valves 1, valve ports 2, spark plugs, injectors, and camshaft 5 are housed in the pistons 3, and the working motion is performed by the cylinders 6, which are connected to the cylinder head. In another variant, the pistons 3 perform the working motion; then the valves 1, valve ports 2, and camshaft 5 are housed in the cylinder head. The engine can be designed as a multi-piston (single-cylinder) or multi-cylinder engine, always with an even number of cylinders. The engine comprises a stationary piston 3 with a central shaft 4, to which a crankshaft 7 is rotatably attached. The other end of the crankshaft is rotatably connected to a connecting rod 8, the other end of which is connected to a linearly moving cylinder 6. The stationary piston 3 is equipped with valves 1 and intake and exhaust ports 2.The engine comprises two stationary pistons 3 with a central shaft 4, at the ends of which crankshafts 7 are rotatably attached. The other ends of these crankshafts are rotatably connected to connecting rods 8, the other ends of which are connected to a linearly moving cylinder 6. The stationary pistons 3 are equipped with valves 1 and intake and exhaust ports 2. The engine comprises two stationary pistons 3 with a central shaft 4, to which a crankshaft 7 is rotatably attached between them. The other end of the crankshaft 7 is rotatably connected to a connecting rod 8, the other end of which is connected to a linearly moving cylinder 6. The stationary pistons 3 are equipped with valves 1 and intake and exhaust ports 2. The engine comprises a double-acting piston 3, which is slidably mounted in a cylinder 6.A connecting rod 8 is rotatably attached to the piston pin 9 of the piston 3 and is rotatably connected to a crankshaft 7, which in turn is rotatably connected to the central shaft 4. Both ends of the cylinder 6 are equipped with valves 1 and intake and exhaust ports 2. The valves 1 are connected to cams 5, which are driven by the central shaft 4.

Claims

[1] Engine in design with one or more cylinder modules, characterized by , that it has a stationary piston (3) with a central shaft (4) to which a crankshaft (7) is rotatably attached, the other end of which is rotatably connected to a connecting rod (8), the other end of which is connected to a linearly moving cylinder (6), wherein the stationary piston (3) is equipped with valves (1) and inlet and outlet ports (2). [2] Motor according to claim 1, characterized by , that it has two stationary pistons (3) with a central shaft (4), at the ends of which rotatably crankshafts (7) are attached, the other ends of which are rotatably connected to connecting rods (8), the other ends of which are connected to a linearly moving cylinder (6), wherein the stationary pistons (3) are equipped with valves (1) and inlet and outlet ports (2). [3] Motor according to claim 1, characterized by, that it has two stationary pistons (3) with a central shaft (4) to which a crankshaft (7) is rotatably attached between them, the other end of which is rotatably connected to a connecting rod (8), the other end of which is connected to a linearly moving cylinder (6), wherein the stationary pistons (3) are equipped with valves (1) and inlet and outlet ports (2). [4] Engine in design with one or more cylinder modules, characterized by, that it has a double-acting piston (3) which is slidably mounted in a cylinder (6), wherein a connecting rod (8) is rotatably attached to the piston pin (9) of the piston (3), which is rotatably connected to a crankshaft (7) which in turn is rotatably connected to the central shaft (4), wherein both ends of the cylinder (6) are equipped with valves (1) and inlet and outlet ports (2) and the valves (1) are connected to cams (5) which are driven by the central shaft (4).

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