Molded brick for arrangement between a building wall and a floor or ceiling slab and building section with such a molded brick

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a molded component according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.

[0002] Connection elements are known in the prior art for connecting a building wall to a floor or ceiling slab located below or above it. These connection elements are intended to transfer compressive forces in the vertical direction from the cast and reinforced floor or ceiling slab to the cast and reinforced building wall located below or on top of it, or vice versa. In addition to the vertical transfer of compressive forces, thermal decoupling is also intended to be achieved between the floor or ceiling slab and the building wall located above or below it.

[0003] European patent EP 2 405 065 B1 discloses an arrangement for connecting a building wall to a floor or ceiling slab. The arrangement comprises a pressure-transmitting and insulating connection element for connecting two cast components with an insulating body for thermal separation of the components. The insulating body includes pressure elements made of a concrete material that penetrate the insulating body from the lower to the upper bearing surface. These pressure elements within the insulating body transfer vertical compressive forces from a building wall located above the connection element into a floor or ceiling slab below. The pressure elements, arranged at intervals within the insulating body, are penetrated by rod-shaped, shear-transmitting elements that project substantially perpendicularly from the upper and lower bearing surfaces.The shear force-transmitting elements in such a connection element are designed to absorb forces acting primarily in the longitudinal direction or in a plane parallel to the floor or ceiling slab. These shear force-transmitting elements are fully and directly enclosed by the pressure elements within the insulation body. Such connection elements are typically prefabricated separately, which is relatively complex.

[0004] Furthermore, the prior art shown in EP 2 405 065 B1 exhibits the same load-deformation behavior of the connection elements, which means that deformation and force transmission are not decoupled. This could lead to an uneven distribution of forces along the building wall and potentially to uneven expansion of the cast building wall in its longitudinal direction.

[0005] CN 2 095 896 U discloses a shaped building block according to the preamble of claim 1. EP 1 231 329 A1 shows a brick-shaped thermal insulation element for thermal decoupling between wall sections and floor / ceiling slabs. The thermal insulation element has two beam-shaped supporting elements made of lightweight concrete or a similar material. The supporting elements are accommodated within an insulating element that forms the longitudinal and end faces.

[0006] The present invention therefore aims to address at least one of the aforementioned problems. In particular, it seeks to demonstrate a method for connecting a building wall to a floor or ceiling slab that improves the transmission of shear forces in the longitudinal direction of the building wall to the floor or ceiling slab. Specifically, it aims to propose at least one alternative to known wall connection systems.

[0007] According to the invention, a prefabricated building block according to claim 1 is proposed. The invention thus relates to a prefabricated building block for arrangement between a reinforced building wall and a reinforced floor or ceiling slab. The prefabricated building block comprises a body made of a mineral building material. It has a base for placing the prefabricated building block on the floor or ceiling slab or for placing it above the building wall. Furthermore, a support surface extending substantially parallel to the base is provided for placing the ceiling slab on it or for placing the building wall on it. The prefabricated building block has at least one insulating section, wherein the insulating section is arranged on the side surfaces of the prefabricated building block, and the prefabricated building block has a surface structure on its base or its support surface, or on both surfaces, for transmitting a shear force.The shear force is transferred between the precast concrete block and the cast building wall or floor / ceiling slab located below or above the block. Specifically, the shear force is transferred from the building wall above the precast concrete block, via the block, into the floor / ceiling slab, and vice versa. The building wall and / or floor / ceiling slab can be made of a mineral building material. In one variant, they are made of cast-in-place concrete, meaning they are poured on-site. In another variant, the wall and ceiling can be partially prefabricated as reinforced concrete elements, assembled into large-format components on-site, and then cast in place.

[0008] A prefabricated building block is proposed, whose core forms a kind of base body made of a mineral building material, such as concrete. This core body facilitates force transmission between the floor or ceiling slab and the building wall. As a kind of base body, it constitutes an essential part of the prefabricated building block, thus providing the block with its fundamental strength for the intended force transmission, particularly in the vertical direction. The core body therefore forms the load-bearing structure within the prefabricated building block. In one embodiment, the core body can have an external shape similar to a cuboid or a cube. Therefore, the core body, which is made of a mineral building material, can resemble a brick in shape.The molded building block according to the invention has improved properties with regard to its strength compared to a brick, since the molded body is made of a mineral building material, in particular concrete. In one embodiment, the height of the molded body essentially corresponds to the outer height of the molded building block. In another embodiment of the invention, the molded body is preferably surrounded in its longitudinal and transverse directions by an insulating body that determines the outer dimensions.

[0009] A surface structure for transmitting a shear force is provided on the contact surface or bearing surface of the molded body. This force is preferably transmitted in a horizontal direction between the molded component and the building wall or floor / ceiling slab located below or above the molded component. This, for example, fixes a reinforced building wall relative to the floor / ceiling slab located below or above it. Despite this, the surface structure according to the invention allows vertical compressive forces to be transferred from a ceiling slab to a building wall or to an underlying floor / ceiling slab without permitting large compensatory movements between the building wall and the floor / ceiling slab in the horizontal plane. Preferably, the surface structure on the contact surface or bearing surface is designed such that a positive fit is created between the contact surfaces.Connecting surfaces are created between the molded body of the building block and the building wall or the floor or ceiling slab. The positive fit is achieved particularly because the building wall, floor or ceiling slab is cast from concrete, allowing the concrete to conform to the surface structure of the molded body.

[0010] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the molded element has a surface structure on its base and bearing surface for transmitting a shear force, wherein the shear force projecting between the building wall and the molded element and / or between the floor or ceiling slab preferably has a value above 100 kN / m in the transverse and / or longitudinal direction of the molded element. In particular, a value above 200 kN / m is proposed. The molded element has a predetermined longitudinal and transverse direction and is intended to be arranged with its longitudinal direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the building wall. In a particularly preferred embodiment, shear forces with a value above 600 kN / m can be transmitted in the longitudinal direction of the wall. This allows for a sufficiently high shear force transmission between the molded element according to the invention and a reinforced floor or ceiling slab or a building wall arranged below or above it.Such a surface structure can prevent or reduce potential relative movement between different building components. This further improves the fixing of the building wall relative to the floor or ceiling slab.

[0011] The transmissible shear forces are determined by the shear stresses in the connection area between the precast concrete block and the building wall or the floor or ceiling slab, which, relative to the wall's base area, are greater than 0.5 N / mm². For example, with a 20 cm thick wall and a precast concrete block of the same width, the calculation 0.5 N / mm² * 1000 mm * 200 mm results in a shear force of 100 kN / m.

[0012] Preferably, the molded body has a predetermined surface roughness with a mean roughness depth Rz > 1.5 mm or a maximum profile crest height Rp ≥ 1.1 mm to form the surface structure on the contact surface and / or bearing surface, more preferably with a mean roughness depth Rz ≥ 3 mm or a maximum profile crest height Rp ≥ 2.2 mm. With such a predetermined surface roughness, the surface of the molded body is correspondingly rough or jagged. This allows for an enhanced connection structure due to the interlocking of the contact or connecting surfaces of the building components.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the building wall or the floor or ceiling slab is made of cast-in-place concrete with a predetermined aggregate size, and the surface roughness of the bearing surface of the precast element corresponds to at least one quarter, preferably one half, of the maximum aggregate size of the cast-in-place concrete mixture. When producing the floor or ceiling slab or the building wall and connecting it to the precast element, this ensures that the cast-in-place concrete used to produce the components engages sufficiently deeply into the recesses of the surface structure formed on the bearing surface. This promotes a positive fit between the contact surfaces and prevents relative movement of the building wall to the precast element.

[0014] Preferably, the surface roughness at the contact surfaces of the molded body has a predetermined minimum value to prevent material failure in the cast-in-place concrete floor or ceiling slab or the cast-in-place concrete building wall under correspondingly high shear forces. Preferably, such a surface structure is formed over at least half, and preferably more than three-quarters, of the total area of ​​the bearing surface of the molded body. This allows shear forces greater than 100 kN / m² to be transferred from the building wall to the molded body and / or from the floor or ceiling slab to the molded body.

[0015] According to the invention, the surface structure also features at least one transfer projection extending substantially vertically from the contact surface, preferably from the contact surface and the bearing surface of the molded body. This allows for a controlled interlocking of areas of the molded body and the building wall or floor / ceiling panel to be produced. This transfer projection, which enables a positive fit in the shear direction of the building wall, preferably has precisely defined dimensions at the contact and / or bearing surface. During the casting of the building wall or floor / ceiling panel to be produced, it can adapt to the transfer projection, thereby achieving the positive fit.

[0016] Preferably, one or more transfer projections are formed on the contact and / or bearing surface and thus protrude upwards or downwards when the formwork block is arranged as intended. These transfer projections are surrounded by the material forming the building wall or the floor or ceiling slab, such as cast-in-place concrete, during the pouring process, so that a positive fit is achieved after the material has hardened.

[0017] According to the invention, the transfer projection is designed as at least one profile element formed integrally with the molded body or at least as a separate profile element inserted into the contact surface and / or bearing surface of the molded body. The integral design of the profile element on the molded body allows for increased strength of both the molded body and the profile element projecting from it as the transfer projection. An alternative embodiment of the transfer projection provides that the molded body is manufactured with, for example, a recess in the form of a depression on its contact or bearing surface. A separate profile element is then inserted into the recess on the contact or bearing surface of the molded body, the dimensions of which are selected such that it fits sufficiently on the contact or bearing surface.The bearing surface of the molded body protrudes, thus ensuring a sufficient form fit with the building wall or floor or ceiling slab to be placed above or below it.

[0018] Preferably, the profile elements formed in one piece, or the profile parts to be inserted separately into the bearing surface and / or support surface of the molded body, extend essentially transversely to the direction of extension of a building wall to be brought into contact with the molded component according to the invention. The profile elements are thus formed or arranged longitudinally along the molded component, particularly at predetermined intervals, on the bearing surface and / or support surface of the molded body. This particularly promotes the transmission of shear forces in the longitudinal direction of the building wall. The profile elements themselves preferably extend transversely to the molded component.

[0019] A further development of the mold component according to the invention provides that the transfer projection has side flanks for shear force transmission, which preferably extend at an obtuse angle β to the bearing surface, particularly in the range of 91–135°, or are oriented at a right angle to the bearing surface and / or support surface. This angle refers to the surfaces. The transfer projections arranged on the bearing surface and / or support surface thus form a predetermined, fixed geometry. At an obtuse angle, the concrete can be cast more easily.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the side flanks of the transmission projection are each aligned perpendicular to the contact and / or bearing surface, so that a relative movement of the building parts to the formwork block and of the building parts to each other in the horizontal plane can be effectively hindered, even if the building parts move to each other in a vertical direction.

[0020] Preferably, the transfer projection covers more than 20%, preferably more than 40%, of the total base area of ​​the bearing surface of the formwork block, or occupies such a portion. A sufficiently large proportion of the base area at the contact surfaces of the formwork block is thus designed as a connection area, so that shear forces can preferably be transferred in the transverse and longitudinal directions of the reinforced building wall, but preferably in the longitudinal direction of the wall, with a value above 100 kN / m, preferably with a value above 200 kN / m. In a particularly preferred embodiment, shear forces with a value above 600 kN / m can be transferred in the longitudinal direction of the wall. Due to the connection area comprising more than 20% of the base area, improved structural strength of the connection to the bearing surface is achieved.The contact surface can be reached by means of building components that are preferably produced using cast-in-place concrete and may have a lower strength compared to the molded block than the molded body of the molded block itself.

[0021] In particular, the transfer projection is designed as an interlocking joint with sloping side flanks or as a single projection with vertical side flanks on the bearing and / or contact surface. Preferably, the height of the transfer projection above the base surface on the bearing and / or contact surface is equal to or greater than 10 mm. A minimum height of 10 mm ensures effective interlocking of the material areas on the bearing and / or contact surface of the molded component with the respective interacting material areas of the contact surfaces of the building components. Preferably, the molded component has a uniform arrangement of the profile elements, which are preferably formed integrally with the molded body, on the contact surfaces of its molded body. The transfer projections, designed as profile elements, are preferably spaced at a uniform distance from each other on the base surface of the molded body.In one embodiment, each profile element formed integrally with the molded body has a width at the level of the base surface and a height dimension projecting from the base surface, wherein the width is at most eight times the height dimension. Thus, the width of the profile element at its base is used as the basis for the measurement. It was found that with these proportions, the interlocking joint formed on the contact and / or bearing surface has a correspondingly limited maximum spacing of the individual transmission projections, depending on the respective height of the transmission projections.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, at least two profile elements with the same height and a predetermined distance from each other are provided on the base and / or bearing surface, the distance preferably being at least four to approximately eight times the height. The bearing and / or bearing surface thus preferably has a pronounced structured surface, enabling a secure positive fit in the contact area between the formwork block and the building wall or floor / ceiling slab arranged above or below it. Preferably, if the profile elements are elongated, they extend transversely to the longitudinal side of the formwork block, which is aligned parallel to the building wall to be constructed. In one embodiment, the profile elements formed on the base and / or bearing surface have a length that essentially corresponds to the width of the formwork block.In another embodiment, the profile elements arranged at predetermined intervals on the mold body have a length that is shorter than the width of the mold component according to the invention. In a further embodiment of the mold component according to the invention, it is provided that one or more transmission projections, formed integrally with the mold body, protrude from the bearing surface in a pin-like manner, preferably having side flanks extending perpendicular to the bearing surface for the transmission of shear forces.

[0023] According to a preferred embodiment of the molded component, the molded body has, at least in some areas, a material layer with elastic properties, preferably an elastomer layer, on its contact surface and / or bearing surface for force transmission to or from the building wall and / or floor or ceiling slab. The elastic layer on at least one of the contact surfaces of the molded component with the building wall or floor or ceiling slab located below or above it allows for flexibility with respect to force transmission to or from the molded component. This enables the compensation of minor relative movements between the building wall and the molded body, which may, for example, be caused by thermal expansion.

[0024] Furthermore, the material layer with its elastic properties, which can also be referred to simply as the elastic layer, enables improved thermal and / or acoustic decoupling of the building components coupled to each other. In one embodiment, the elastic layer is formed over the entire surface or in certain areas of the contact and / or bearing surface, which has a surface structure for transmitting a shear force. According to a further development of the molded component, the elastic material layer is preferably arranged on the essentially flat surface areas of the base of a contact or bearing surface that has a transmission projection. In another embodiment of the molded component according to the invention, the elastic material layer is arranged wholly or partially on a side flank or side of a transmission projection projecting from the contact or bearing surface.

[0025] In a further embodiment, the molded block, preferably the molded body, comprises at least one passage area extending from the first contact area to the second contact area for a tension element. With the aid of this passage area, a tension element can be guided, in particular vertically, through the molded block. After completion of a building section, this tension element extends from a building wall through the molded block according to the invention into a floor or ceiling slab. With the aid of the tension element, tensile forces can be transmitted between the building components through the molded block, thus fixing or stabilizing the building components relative to each other in the vertical direction. At least one passage area is proposed; preferably, several passage areas are provided in the molded block.In one embodiment, the penetration areas are penetration openings in the prefabricated modular unit suitable for the subsequent insertion of tension elements on a construction site, such as a steel tension element, also known as reinforcing steel, a threaded rod, or a tension element made of fiber-reinforced composite materials. In another embodiment, stainless steel is used to form the tension element.

[0026] In another embodiment, the tension elements are cast directly into the molded block, preferably made of concrete, during its production. The tension elements are already mounted in the molded block, and the completed molded block, preferably with the tension elements cast into it, is delivered to a construction site. Preferably, the passage area has a clear opening that is larger than the outer dimensions of the tension element. Preferably, the ratio of the clear opening of the passage area to the outer dimension, in particular the outer diameter of the tension element, is in the range of 1.1 to 6.

[0027] According to a further embodiment of the molded component, a separating or sealing element is provided for the tensioning element, which is fixedly arranged in the penetration area and is preferably made of an elastic material. In one embodiment, the separating or sealing element enables the tensioning element to be decoupled from a shear force acting transversely to the longitudinal direction of the tensioning element. Preferably, the separating or sealing element is a component of the molded component, which is arranged in the penetration area, particularly during the manufacturing of the molded component. In a preferred embodiment, the sealing element is inserted into the penetration area such that it rests against the inner wall surface of the penetration area from the inside. Preferably, the molded body of the molded component forms a positive connection with the sealing element arranged in the penetration area.This prevents the sealing element from being unintentionally pulled out of the penetration area in a longitudinal direction.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the separating or sealing element is designed as a sleeve body and comprises an elastic material whose inner diameter expands when the pulling element is passed through the passage area. The inner surface of the sealing element, designed as a sleeve body, rests against the pulling element as it passes through the passage area.

[0029] Preferably, the molded body is made essentially of a concrete material, preferably an ultra-high-strength fiber-reinforced concrete. In one embodiment, the concrete used to form the molded body preferably has a thermal conductivity of more than 1.6 watts per meter Kelvin (W / m*K). The concrete used to form the molded body is preferably not lightweight concrete and / or, in particular, does not have significant thermal insulation properties. Specifically, all penetration openings in the molded body are encased or surrounded by the concrete material, thereby giving the molded body its necessary compressive strength in the penetration area. A proposed fiber-reinforced concrete preferably has steel fibers with a diameter of 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm, particularly preferably 0.16 mm to 0.24 mm.

[0030] A further development of the molded component provides that at least one insulating section is arranged within the molded body and / or on areas of the molded body. The insulating effect of the molded component according to the invention can be further increased by means of the insulating section arranged within the molded body and / or on outer surface areas of the molded body. This reduces the heat transfer from the building wall towards the floor or ceiling slab or in the opposite direction.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, one insulating body section has the shape of a cuboid, which is completely enclosed within the molded body, consisting of a mineral building material such as concrete. In addition to the insulating body section enclosed within the molded body, a further insulating body section is provided, which is arranged, in particular, on the side faces of the molded body and encases or surrounds it like a frame. These insulating body sections surrounding the molded body like a frame can also form contact areas between the molded block and the building wall or floor / ceiling slab. Preferably, the insulating body sections are made of insulating foam.

[0032] According to a preferred embodiment, the mineral building material has a σ / λ ratio greater than 10, preferably greater than 20, and particularly preferably greater than 45. The building material used to form the molded body has a ratio between its compressive strength, measured in N / mm², and its thermal conductivity, measured in W / mK, that is at least greater than 10. Since λ is greater than 1.6 W / mK, the compressive strength is at least greater than 16 N / mm², preferably greater than 32 N / mm², and particularly preferably greater than 72 N / mm², which was determined by means of a compressive strength test on a test cube (cube compressive strength) or on cylindrical test specimens (cylindrical compressive strength), whereby predetermined conversion factors must be taken into account between the two compressive strength tests for a direct comparison due to the different geometries of the test specimens.

[0033] Furthermore, the invention relates to a building section comprising a floor or ceiling slab, a building wall arranged substantially vertically on or under the floor or ceiling slab, and at least one shaped building block arranged between the floor or ceiling slab and the building wall according to one of the embodiments of the invention described above.

[0034] In the connection area between the building wall and the floor or ceiling slab, at least one shaped component is thus arranged. Preferably, several shaped components are provided there, and in a particularly preferred embodiment, the connection area is formed entirely from the shaped components according to the invention. With several shaped components, these thus form an arrangement of shaped components, wherein the shaped components are arranged in a row one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the building wall between this and the floor or ceiling slab arranged below or above it.

[0035] Here too, the provision of a surface structure to transfer shear forces is proposed. This improves the force transfer from the building wall to the underlying floor or ceiling slab, and vice versa. Relative movements, particularly in the horizontal plane and thus in the connection plane between the building components, can be avoided. The building wall and / or floor or ceiling slab can be made of a mineral building material. According to one variant, they are made of cast-in-place concrete, meaning they are poured on-site. According to another variant, the building wall and ceiling can be at least partially prefabricated as reinforced concrete elements, assembled into large-format components on-site, and then cast in place.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the building section has at least one tension element extending between the building wall and the floor or ceiling slab through the formwork block. By means of one, or preferably several, such tension elements, tensile forces acting within the building section can be reliably absorbed and transmitted through the formwork block(s). Furthermore, the transmission of shear forces acting longitudinally along the building wall can be further improved by means of the tension elements acting in the vertical direction.

[0037] Furthermore, by means of an elastomer layer arranged on the contact or bearing surface of the molded body, depending on its layer thickness, a thermal and / or acoustic decoupling of the building parts of the building section can preferably be improved from each other.

[0038] The preferred embodiments and further developments described for the molded building block according to the invention are also preferred embodiments of the building section according to the invention.

[0039] The invention is described in more detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying figures. These figures show: Figure 1 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of a building section according to the invention in the longitudinal direction of a building wall; Figure 2 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a building section in the building section of the Figure 1Figure 3 shows a sectional view of a further embodiment of a building section according to the invention in the longitudinal direction of a building wall; Figure 4 shows a section of a sectional building block according to an embodiment with a contact area; Figure 5 shows a section of a sectional building block according to a further embodiment with a contact area; and Figure 6 shows a perspective view of a further embodiment of a sectional building block according to the invention.

[0040] Figure 1 Figure 1 shows a building section 100 according to the invention in a sectional view. The building section 100 comprises a base slab 110, which could also be designed as a ceiling slab, a prefabricated block 1 arranged on the base slab 110, and a load-bearing concrete wall 120 arranged above the prefabricated block 1. The view of the Figure 1is in the longitudinal direction of this concrete wall 120. Both the base slab 110 and the load-bearing concrete wall 120 are provided with reinforcement (not shown in detail) located inside the base slab and the building wall, respectively. Vertically acting compressive forces D are transferred from the building wall 120 by the formwork block 1, which are in Figure 2 indicated by an arrow, are transferred to the floor or ceiling plate 110.

[0041] Furthermore, several implementation areas 10 extend into the molded body 2 of the molded component 1, as Figure 1 Illustrates several train elements 130. The implementation areas 10 are in Figure 2 The tension elements 130 extend from the base plate 110 through the formwork block 1 to the vertically running building wall 120. Vertically directed tensile forces can be transferred from the building wall 120 to the base plate 110 and in the opposite direction by means of the tension elements 130.

[0042] The formwork block 1 has a molded body 2 made of a mineral building material, such as a concrete material, wherein the concrete material is a non-thermally insulating concrete with a thermal conductivity λ greater than 1.6 W / mK. The formwork block 1 has a bearing surface 4 facing the base plate 110 and a support surface 6 facing the building wall 120. The bearing surface 4 and the support surface 6 are substantially parallel to each other. In this embodiment, at least one insulating element 8 is arranged inside the molded body 2, which, as Figure 1 This indicates that it extends parallel between the base surface 4 and the support surface 6. The insulating body 8 runs into the plane of the drawing here.

[0043] In Figure 2A molded component 1 according to one embodiment is shown, the molded body 2 of which has a substantially rectangular base surface 4 and a similarly substantially rectangular support surface 6. The molded body 2 forms a base surface on both the base surface 4 and the support surface 6, which can also be referred to here as contact surfaces or connection areas. This base surface is determined by the outer dimensions of the molded body, in particular by its side lengths a and b. Furthermore, the molded body 2 has passage areas 10 that extend from the base surface 4 to the support surface 6.

[0044] The penetration areas 10, designed as penetration openings, are equipped to accommodate tension elements 130 ( Figure 1) to accommodate, namely a tension element 130 extending through the respective penetration area. The penetration area 10 can have a clear dimension that is larger by a predetermined amount than the outer dimensions, in particular the outer diameter of the tension element 130. The resulting cavity between the wall surface of the penetration area 10 and the surface of the tension element 130 can be filled by a potting compound (not shown) or other material. Preferably, the cavity between the wall surface of the penetration area 10 and the surface of the tension element 130 is completely filled over the entire height of the molded body 2 from the base surface 4 to the bearing surface 6.

[0045] How Figure 2Furthermore, as shown, at least one transmission projection 12, 12' is arranged on the surface of the contact surface 4 and / or the bearing surface 6. The transmission projection 12, 12' is designed as a type of profile element, which is preferably formed integrally with the shaped body 2. The transmission projections are used in particular to transfer shear forces acting between the building wall 120 and the floor or ceiling slab 110.

[0046] To improve the force transmission at the contact surface 4 and / or the bearing surface 6 to the building wall 120 or to the base plate 10, a material layer 14, 14' made of an elastic material is provided at least partially at the first and / or second contact area. Figure 2 To illustrate, the material layers can cover only partial areas of the contact surface 4 and / or the bearing surface 6, or they can completely cover the first and / or second contact area.

[0047] As in Figure 2 Furthermore, as shown, at least one insulating body section 8 is arranged inside the molded body 2.

[0048] Figure 3 Figure 1 shows a further embodiment of a building section 100' according to the invention in a sectional view with a base plate 110, a shaped building block 1' arranged on the base plate 110 and a load-bearing building wall 120 arranged above the shaped building block 1'. The illustration in Figure 3 The concrete base slab 110 and the load-bearing building wall 120 shown here have reinforcement, not shown in detail, inside the base slab 110 and the building wall 120, respectively. The formwork block 1' comprises a formwork body 2', through which vertically acting compressive forces D are transferred, similar to those on the formwork body 2 in Fig. 2, transferred from the building wall 120 to the base slab 110. Here too, the base slab 110 can be designed as a ceiling slab. On the one hand, this can mean that the base slab 110 also functions as a ceiling slab because it also forms the ceiling slab of one story below and serves as the base slab for the next story. On the other hand, it can also mean that the formwork block 1 according to Figure 1 or the formwork block 1' according to Figure 3 is arranged on a building wall 120 and under the base plate 110, which then forms a ceiling plate.

[0049] How Figure 3As further illustrated, several tension elements 130 run through the penetration areas 10' in the formwork block 1'. These tension elements 130, extending from the floor or ceiling slab 110 through the formwork block 1' to the vertically running building wall 120, are designed to transmit tensile forces acting in a vertical direction and hold the superimposed building sections 110, 120 at a predetermined distance from one another. The formwork block 1' can be installed in the formwork body 2', similar to the following: Fig. 2 shown to have an insulating section or body 8.

[0050] The shaped body 2' of the molded block 1' is made of a mineral building material, namely non-thermally insulating concrete. The shaped body 2' has a base surface 4 and a bearing surface 6, which are essentially parallel to each other and on which a substantially vertically projecting transfer projection 22, 22' is provided. At least one passage area 10' extends through the shaped body 2' for the tension element. The transfer projection 22, 22' is formed integrally with the shaped body 2' as a type of profile element. The transfer projections 22, 22' have vertically extending side surfaces or flanks 24, which are located in the Figure 5 In the illustrated embodiment, the areas are partially covered by a material layer 26 with elastic properties. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the Fig. 5The flat surface 16, 16' of the molded body 2' is not always covered by the elastic layer. The material layer 26 serves, particularly in the longitudinal direction of a building wall 120 to be arranged on the molded block 1', to compensate for shear forces in its longitudinal or horizontal direction and allows relative movement depending on the layer thickness between the building wall 120 and the floor or ceiling slab 110. A sloping flank can also be provided for the projection 22, 22', as shown in Figure 4 is still shown, namely as a transmission lead of 12 or 12'.

[0051] Figure 4Figure 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of the molded body 2 at the contact surface 4 and / or the bearing surface 6. The contact surface 4 and / or bearing surface 6 has transfer projections 12, 12' designed as profile elements and can be described as an interlocking joint with parallel, offset surfaces 16, 16' and flanks 18 running obliquely to them. The interlocking joint at the contact area of ​​the contact surface 4 and / or the bearing surface 6 creates a positive fit between the contact areas of the molded component and a floor or ceiling panel or the building wall 120 arranged above it. The same or a different configuration can also be provided on the underside. The surface of the contact area 4, 6 is covered with a material layer 20 with elastic properties, which, in the embodiment shown, has different layer thicknesses, for example, in a range from 1 mm to approximately 20 mm.The surfaces 16 extend to the side flanks 18 of the transfer projections 12, 12' at an obtuse angle β of approximately 91° to approximately 135°.

[0052] Preferably, an elastomer is used as the material layer 20, which is compressed when a force is applied and returns almost to its original shape after the force acting on the elastomer is removed. How Fig. 4 As further shown, the thickness of the material layer 20 varies. In the illustrated embodiment, the layer thickness on the surface 16' forming the base of the toothed joint is greater than the layer thickness on the inclined flank 18, which is designed as tooth flanks, and greater than on the surface 16 forming a plateau of the toothed joint. In addition, the different layer sections of the material layer on the various surfaces / flanks 16, 16', 18 can exhibit different elasticities or degrees of hardness.

[0053] The in Figure 5shown, with reference to the shaped body 2' in Fig. 3 The taking embodiment has a contact surface (in Figure 5 (not indicated) and a bearing surface 6 which has one or more transfer projections 22 projecting from the surface of the molded body 2'.

[0054] The transmission projection(s) 22 are designed as a type of cuboid-shaped material projection, which is formed in one piece with the molded body. In contrast to the one in Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, the transmission projection 22 has flanks 24 extending substantially perpendicular to the base of the contact surface 4 and / or the bearing surface 6. Thus, a right angle (90°) is provided there, whereas the Figure 4 shows an obtuse angle β.

[0055] The right-angled arrangement ensures a secure positive fit between the formwork block 1 and the floor or ceiling slab or building wall 120 to which it is brought into contact. This positive fit, and thus the transfer of shear forces, is guaranteed even if the building wall or the floor or ceiling slab moves vertically to the contact area of ​​the formwork block 1. The vertical flank shape of the transfer projection 22 ensures a permanent positive fit.

[0056] In the embodiment shown, the Figure 5 In the left section of the image, a material layer 26 with elastic properties is applied to surfaces 16, 16' and flank 24 of the transmission projection 22 at contact area 4, 6, and has a uniform layer thickness there. In the right section of the image, Fig. 5In the illustrated embodiment, instead of the entire contact area 4, 6, only the flanks 24 of the transmission projection 22 of the shaped body 2' are covered with the material layer 26 made of elastic material.

[0057] Figure 6 Figure 1 shows a precast concrete block 1" with a precast body 2" made of a concrete material, which has a substantially rectangular shape in the area of ​​its contact surfaces 4, 6 with a respective base plate or building wall. In contrast to the one in Figure 2In the embodiment shown, the molded body 2" has a material constriction 28 in cross-section along its height in at least one of its principal longitudinal directions. The molded body 2" of the molded block 1" has, in particular in a cross-section extending transversely to the longitudinal side a', an outer contour that tapers from the contact area 4 to approximately the center of the molded block, preferably uniformly, and which preferably widens again uniformly from the center of the molded block to the contact area 6 of the molded block. The longitudinal sides a' of the molded body 2" thus have a kind of wedge-shaped depression.

[0058] Preferably the in Figure 6The molded component 1" shown comprises two insulating body sections 30, 30' extending to both longitudinal sides a' of the molded body 2" and connected to or inserted into the surface areas of the wedge-shaped recesses on the molded body 2". The insulating body sections 30, 30' define at least the outer dimensions of the molded component 1" in the direction of its side length b. In the present embodiment, the insulating body sections 30, 30' have the same height as the molded body 2" between the two contact areas 4, 6. The insulating body sections are preferably made of an insulating foam, such as EPS, PUR, or XPS.

[0059] Preferably, the in Figure 6The mold block 1" shown also has substantially vertically projecting transfer projections 22' at its contact areas 4, 6 of the mold body 2", which in the illustrated embodiment have a cuboid shape. The transfer projection has dimensions in the direction of the longitudinal side a' and in the direction of the longitudinal side b' of the mold block 1" that are smaller than the dimensions of the mold body 2" at the level of the contact areas. The length of the transfer projection is understood to be its dimension in the direction of, or parallel to, the longitudinal side a' of the mold block. The width of the transfer projection is understood to be its dimension parallel to the longitudinal side b' of the mold block 1". The length of the transfer projection 22' has a ratio to the length of the mold block in the range of approximately 0.5 to 0.9.The width of the transmission projection 22' has a ratio of approximately 0.3 to 0.8 to the width of the shaped body 2" at the level of the contact areas.

[0060] In the illustrated embodiment, the molded body 2" and the transmission projections 22' projecting at the contact areas 4, 6 have two passage areas 10' each for a tension element 130. In the illustrated embodiment, the tension elements 130 are cast directly into the molded body 2" and the transmission projections 22'. The tension elements 130 are cast directly into the molded body 2" and the projecting transmission projections 22' during the manufacture of the molded block, preferably using a concrete material.

[0061] To facilitate comparison of similar or identical components, they can be designated with the same reference symbols. Reference sign list

[0062] 1, 1', 1" Mold block 2, 2', 2" Mold body 4 Footprint 6 Bearing surface 8 Insulation body section 9 Insulation 10, 10' Penetration area 12, 12' Transfer projection 14, 14' Material layer 16, 16' Surface 18 Flank 20 Material layer 22, 22' Transfer projection 24 Flank 26 Material layer 28 Material constriction 30, 30' Insulation body sections 100 Building section 110 Floor or ceiling slab 120 Building wall 130 Tension element

Claims

1. Moulded building block for arrangement between a reinforced building wall (120) and a reinforced floor slab or ceiling slab (110), for supporting the building wall (120) on the floor slab or ceiling slab (110) and / or for supporting the ceiling slab (110) on the building wall (120), comprising - a moulded body (2, 2") made of a mineral building material, having - a standing surface (4) for placing the moulded body (2, 2") on the floor slab or ceiling slab (110) or above the building wall (120), and - a support surface (6), extending substantially parallel to the standing surface, for the ceiling slab or for placing the building wall (120) thereon, wherein the moulded body (2, 2") has at least one insulating body portion; and the moulded body (2, 2"), on its standing surface (4) and / or its support surface (6), has a surface structure for transferring a shear force between the moulded building block and the building wall and / or the floor slab or ceiling slab arranged below and / or above the moulded building block (1, 1'), respectively, wherein the surface structure has at least one transmitting projection (22,22') protruding from the standing surface and / or the support surface (4,6) of the moulded body, wherein the transmitting projection (22,22') is in the form of at least one profile element formed in one piece with the moulded body (2, 2") or is at least in the form of a separate profile part inserted in the standing surface and / or support surface (4,6) of the moulded body, characterized in that the insulating body portion (30, 30') is arranged on lateral surfaces of the moulded body (2").

2. Moulded building block according to Claim 1, characterized in that, on its standing surface and its support surface (4, 6), the moulded body (2, 2') has a surface structure for transmitting a shear force, wherein preferably the shear force that can be transmitted between the building wall and the moulded body and / or between the floor slab or ceiling slab has a value above 100 kN / m, preferably a value above 200 kN / m, particularly preferably in the longitudinal direction of the building wall has a value above 600 kN / m.

3. Moulded building block according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, to form the surface structure on the standing surface and / or support surface (4, 6), the moulded body (2, 2') has a predefined surface roughness with a mean roughness depth Rz ≥ 1.5 mm or a maximum profile dome height Rp ≥ 1.1 mm, preferably with a mean roughness depth Rz ≥ 3.0 mm or a maximum profile dome height Rp ≥ 2.2 mm.

4. Moulded building block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building wall and / or the floor slab or ceiling slab is manufactured from an in-situ concrete with a predefined aggregate, and the surface roughness of the standing and / or support surface (4, 6) corresponds to at least one quarter, preferably one half, of the grain size of the largest grain of the grain mixture of the in-situ concrete.

5. Moulded building block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmitting projection (12, 12', 22, 22') has lateral flanks for transmitting shear force, which preferably extend at an obtuse angle β, in particular ranging from 91° to 135°, to the support and / or standing surface (4, 6) or are aligned at right angles to the standing surface and / or support surface.

6. Moulded building block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmitting projection (12, 12', 22, 22') covers or occupies more than 20%, preferably more than 40%, of the entire basic area of the standing surface and / or support surface (4, 6).

7. Moulded building block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profile element is in the form of a toothed joint with obliquely extending lateral flanks or in the form of an individual protrusion with vertical lateral flanks from the standing surface and / or support surface (4, 6), wherein preferably the vertical dimension of the profile element above the basic area of the standing surface and / or support surface (4, 6) is equal to or greater than 10 mm.

8. Moulded building block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two respective profile elements with the same vertical dimension and a predefined spacing from one another are provided on the standing surface and / or the support surface (4, 6), wherein the spacing is at least four times, preferably eight times, the value of the vertical dimension.

9. Moulded building block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, on its standing surface and / or support surface (4, 6), the moulded body (2, 2') at least partially has a support layer made of a layer material with soft elastic properties, preferably an elastomer layer.

10. Moulded building block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the moulded body (2, 2') is made substantially of a concrete material, preferably an ultra-high strength fibre-reinforced concrete, and / or in that the mineral building material has a sigma / lambda ratio of greater than 10, preferably greater than 20, particularly preferably greater than 45.

11. Building section (100) comprising - a floor slab or ceiling slab (110), - a building wall (120) arranged substantially vertically on or under the floor slab or ceiling slab (110), respectively, - at least one moulded building block (1, 1') according to one of Claims 1 to 10 arranged between the floor slab or ceiling slab (110) and the building wall (120), wherein the building section (100) is in particular characterized by a tension element (130) extending through the moulded building block (1, 1') between the building wall (120) and the floor slab or ceiling slab (110).