Sealing membrane

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a multi-layer sealing membrane for a building area, such as roof, facade, basement, ceilings, which has outer layers containing a base polymer in the form of polyvinyl chloride or a polyvinyl chloride copolymer and a plasticizer, as well as a combination carrier insert between the outer layers, which has a glass fleece and a glass reinforcement.

[0002] A suitable sealing membrane is described in WO 2009 / 138314 A1. To achieve good processability, high impact strength at low temperatures, and high weather resistance, the plasticizer is specified as a polymer plasticizer in the form of an adipic acid polyester with an average molecular weight of 3,000 to 12,000. However, polymer plasticizers exhibit significant disadvantages with regard to processability and cost.

[0003] The EP 0 116 301 A2 is a composite membrane with a plastic layer consisting of a reinforcing insert based on glass fibers embedded in soft PVC.

[0004] A roofing membrane according to EP 2 299 021 A2 has a fiber fleece with reinforcing threads running in the edge area.

[0005] The subject of the unpublished WO 2018 / 210667 A1 is a sealing membrane with outer layers containing a base polymer and a plasticizer. Furthermore, a composite carrier insert containing glass reinforcement is present.

[0006] The present invention is based on the objective of further developing a sealing membrane of the type mentioned above in such a way that it can be manufactured cost-effectively, exhibits high dimensional stability and low shrinkage. Easy mechanical fastening should also be possible.

[0007] Another aspect is that the sealing membrane should have an extremely smooth or slightly embossed surface.

[0008] Recycling is also said to be better or easier compared to fabrics that have polyester inserts for reinforcement.

[0009] To address one or more of the aforementioned issues, the invention essentially proposes a multilayer sealing membrane for a building component, such as a roof, facade, basement, or ceiling. This membrane comprises outer layers containing a base polymer in the form of polyvinyl chloride or a polyvinyl chloride copolymer and a plasticizer, as well as a composite reinforcing layer between the outer layers, consisting of or containing a glass fleece and a knitted fabric. The composite reinforcing layer is preferably bonded to the outer layers by means of a binder, the weight fraction of which is particularly between 5% and 50%, based on the sum of the weights of the binder and the composite reinforcing layer.

[0010] Knitted fabrics are generally defined as textile sheet or three-dimensional structures in which a loop formed by a thread is interlaced with another loop. The resulting stitches can be created using one or more threads.

[0011] This distinguishes knitted fabrics from woven fabrics, where the surface is created by interlacing two yarn systems, and also from nonwovens, where a loose pile of fibers is bonded together, for example, by heat. Compared to woven fabrics, knitted fabrics are characterized by higher stretchability, elasticity, and consequently, less wrinkling.

[0012] Knitted fabrics are classified as either knitted or warp-knitted – they can also be referred to as knitted or woven fabrics. They are manufactured using either single-yarn techniques (knitted and warp-knitted fabrics) or warp-knitted fabrics (multi-yarn fabrics such as warp-knitted or warp-knitted fabrics).

[0013] The glass reinforcement according to the invention consists of or contains knitted fabric, which in turn may contain a combination of knitted and crocheted fabrics.

[0014] In particular, according to the invention, the problem is solved independently by a multi-layer sealing membrane for a building area, such as roof, facade, basement, pool, the outer layers containing a base polymer, such as polyvinyl chloride or a polyvinyl chloride copolymer, and a low-molecular-weight plasticizer, and a layer consisting of a glass fleece and longitudinal and transverse threads - also warp or...called weft threads - containing a combination carrier insert containing knitted fabric, wherein the longitudinal threads form a first layer and the transverse threads a second layer, the longitudinal threads and the transverse threads are connected by first and second binding threads, which in turn are fixed from the longitudinal threads, and wherein in the area of ​​the crossing points between the longitudinal threads and transverse threads the first binding threads run exclusively above and the second binding threads exclusively below the crossing points in such a way that the crossing points run between the first and second binding threads.

[0015] The combination carrier insert can also be referred to as a knitted-nonwoven composite, knitted-nonwoven composite, or knitted-nonwoven composite.

[0016] Knitted fabrics are produced using knitting techniques. This process can utilize three different types of yarn to create a woven fabric or mesh. These include warp threads (running in the direction of the machine) and / or weft threads, as well as at least one binding thread used to tie the warp and / or weft threads together. In another version, the fabric or mesh can be additionally coated with a binding agent.

[0017] Knitted fabrics can be designed and constructed uniaxially or biaxially. In a biaxial construction, the warp and weft threads can be displayed at different angles, preferably 0° and 90° or 45°.

[0018] Knitted fabrics can be divided into warp-knitted and knitted fabrics. A knitted fabric is made from a single yarn system, while knitted fabrics are made from many parallel strands of yarn. This means that in knitted fabrics, one loop is inserted into the next until a row is formed. In knitted fabrics, numerous loops are interlocked to create a continuous, parallel unit. Knitted fabrics are also known as warp-knitted or raschel-knitted fabrics.

[0019] Knitted fabrics are classified as either knitted or warp-knitted. They are produced using either single-yarn techniques (knitted and warp-knitted fabrics) or warp-knitted fabrics (multi-yarn fabrics such as warp-knitted or warp-knitted fabrics).

[0020] Knitted fabrics are textiles in which individual threads are processed into a dimensionally stable structure using knitting technologies. The knitting process itself is very complex and relatively difficult to describe. In principle, knitted fabrics can be divided into single-yarn knitted and single-yarn fabrics, as well as warp-knitted fabrics. It is important to note that in single-yarn knitted and single-yarn fabrics, stitches are created side by side by a single thread running transversely, whereas in warp-knitted fabrics, the thread runs lengthwise through the fabric.

[0021] A single stitch is the basic building block of knitted fabrics. It is a loop of yarn that gains its stability by being interlocked at four points with other loops of yarn. The fabric is built up row by row of stitches. Several stitches arranged side by side form a row of stitches, several stitches arranged one above the other form a stitch stack.

[0022] A knitting machine produces knitted fabrics using a system of needles and auxiliary elements. All the needles move together, forming a row of stitches simultaneously from one or more threads. Single-thread knitted fabrics are produced on warp knitting machines (also called cotton machines), which are further divided into flat warp knitting machines and rotary warp knitting machines. Warp fabrics consisting of multiple threads (up to more than 10,000) are processed on warp knitting machines. These are manufactured in three different designs: Warp knitting machines, raschel machines, double-bar raschel machine, crochet galon machines, knitwear machines

[0023] When a knitted fabric is produced on a raschel knitting machine, it is also referred to as raschel fabric. The raschel knitting machine, or raschel (also called a polka knitting machine), is a special type of warp knitting machine. The direction of fabric take-off on the raschel (downwards) differs from that on a standard warp knitting machine (upwards). The basic design is derived from the warp knitting machine. However, the raschel includes a number of additional features that allow for almost unlimited patterning of the knitted fabric. The knitting tools of a raschel knitting machine with a Jacquard setup are equipped with tongue or slide needles. The basic equipment includes: two needle systems (single-needle and slide bars) with tongue beater wire, piercing and knock-off combs (plates), and two laying bars with punch needles.The machines can be equipped with: a multi-digit number of laying bars, Jacquard laying bars and so-called drop plates, double bars (for weft or pile thread).

[0024] According to the invention, a multi-layered sealing membrane is proposed, with an inner layer formed by a composite carrier insert. Since this insert consists of glass fleece and a glass reinforcement comprising or containing a knitted, woven, and / or crocheted fabric, or combinations thereof, a secure and reliable mechanical fastening is achieved. At the same time, sufficient dimensional stability is ensured. Shrinkage due to aging is reduced compared to known roofing membranes.

[0025] The desired strength is achieved or ensured through the orientation of the bonding surfaces and their connection with the longitudinal and transverse threads. At the same time, a smooth surface is created.

[0026] The invention further provides that the glass reinforcement is connected to the glass fleece, in particular by means of styrene-butadiene.

[0027] However, it is also possible that the glass reinforcement is bonded to the glass fleece at least by means of a binder from the group of acrylates, EVA, PVC-based variants such as PVC dispersions, PVC plastisols.

[0028] However, it is also possible to bond the glass reinforcement to the glass fleece using at least one combination of two binders from the group consisting of styrene-butadiene, acrylate, EVA, PVC dispersions or plastisols.

[0029] There is still the possibility that the glass reinforcement is not bonded to the glass fleece, i.e., no binder is used as an adhesion medium.

[0030] One of the factors ensuring sufficient bonding between the individual layers of the roofing membrane—namely, the upper outer layer (PVC layer), the composite reinforcement, and the lower outer layer (PVC layer)—is the penetration capacity of the upper and lower PVC layers through the structure of the composite reinforcement. It has been observed that the quantity and surface distribution of the applied binder influence the bonding quality between the layers of the roofing membrane.

[0031] In particular, it is intended that the binder content is between 5 wt.% - 50 wt.%, preferably between 15 - 35%.

[0032] The proportion of binder applied to the reinforcement is determined after production using the loss on ignition method - which is described in more detail in the standard DIN EN 13820.

[0033] Another possible method for determining the binder content or distribution is to assess the air permeability of the reinforcement, i.e., the airflow through a selected and defined area of ​​the reinforcement sample and the resulting pressure drop across the sample. There are two different measurement methods: in the first, the pressure drop is kept constant and the flow rate is measured; in the second, the flow rate is kept constant and the pressure drop is measured.

[0034] Air permeability is measured in l / m²< s at a pressure of 200 Pa. The values ​​range between 4000 and 12000 l / m²< s, preferably between 5000 and 8000 l / m²< s.

[0035] Preferably, the binding thread(s) in the knitted fabric should have a fineness between 2 tex and 20 tex, preferably between 4 tex and 10 tex. By definition: 1 dtex (decitex) = 0.1 tex or 1 gram per 10,000 meters or 1 tex = 10 dtex.

[0036] A combination of binding thread(s) and binding agents is possible.

[0037] The binding thread is preferably based on the following materials: polyester, polypropylene, polyamide and glass.

[0038] Comparing woven fabrics with knitted fabrics, woven fabrics consist of two groups of threads (warp, weft) interwoven in a crosswise pattern with different weaves – for example, plain weave (one weft thread crosses exactly one warp thread) or twill weave (one weft thread crosses two warp threads). Knitted fabrics, on the other hand, are sheet-like structures made up of loops, that is, loops formed by thread and intertwined.

[0039] Preferred knitted fabric structures are generally known to those skilled in the art and can be distinguished as "Single Guide Bar" and "Two Guide Bars". The term "double-bar" knitted fabric is also familiar to those skilled in the art.

[0040] Preferred stitches or stitches can be found in the following list: "Full Tricot" or "Double Tricot" "Half Tricot" "Locknit" "Sharkskin"

[0041] The following description helps to distinguish between the variants "Half Tricot" and "Full Tricot": "Half Tricot": This is the basic form of warp-knitted and knitted fabrics. The guide bar feeds the yarn / thread(s) onto a needle in the first step and then moves sideways to feed the yarn / thread(s) onto the adjacent needle in the second step. This process is repeated accordingly. All warp-knitted and knitted fabrics are formed in a similar way, except that there may be more guide bars, more repeat steps, different underlaps, and different directions of guide bar movement (right-left; "shogging"). "Full Tricot": This structure knits two "Half Tricot" fabrics together with two guide bars moving in opposite directions. This is a balanced structure; the two warp threads overlap in opposite directions (the so-called "overlap"). This results in perfectly upright loops on the fabric surface.

[0042] Furthermore, preferred knitted fabrics or knitted materials are mentioned in the standard DIN EN ISO 8388 ''Knitted fabrics - Type designations - Terminology'' which can be used according to the invention.

[0043] Furthermore, unlike previously known sealing membranes, a low-molecular-weight plasticizer, i.e., a monomer plasticizer, can be used as a plasticizer in the outer layers. This is particularly preferable. The proportion of the low-molecular-weight plasticizer in the outer layers containing the base polymer should be between 25 wt.% and 45 wt.%, in particular between 25 wt.% and 37 wt.%, preferably between 27 wt.% and 35 wt.%.

[0044] If high dimensional stability and low shrinkage behavior, and in particular the desired smooth outer structure, are achieved when only an outer layer runs on each side of the combination beam insert, then it is also possible that an intermediate layer is present, especially farther from the building structure, resulting in a sequence of outer layer, combination beam insert, intermediate layer, outer layer - starting from the building structure.

[0045] The outer layer running towards the building or building area means that, once the waterproofing membrane is installed, one side of the outer layer faces directly towards the building, and the composite reinforcement runs along the other side. Conversely, the outer layer running away from the building or building area means that the composite reinforcement runs along its inner side.

[0046] The intermediate layer has a composition that largely corresponds to that of the outer layers. Differences may arise with regard to additives, particularly concerning UV stability and color pigments, whereby the intermediate layer may contain fewer additives than the adjacent outer layer.

[0047] Preferably, the low-molecular-weight plasticizer is a phthalate-based plasticizer, in particular a plasticizer from the group consisting of DPHP (dipropylheptyl phthalate), DINP (diisonyl phthalate), and DIDP (diisodecyl phthalate). However, the plasticizer can also be a phthalate-free plasticizer, a bio-based plasticizer, or a partially bio-based plasticizer, such as those described, for example, in EP 3 156 447 A, the disclosure of which is the subject of the present invention. A combination of the aforementioned plasticizers is also possible in a further embodiment.

[0048] In particular, the invention is characterized in that each layer contains or consists of, in wt.%: low molecular weight plasticizer 25-45, especially 27-37 Process aids 0 - 1.9, especially 0.1 - 1.50 filler 0-20, especially 0-15 PVC 45-57, especially 46-56 Antioxidants 0 - 0.2, especially 0.1 - 0.2 UV stabilizer 0 - 0.23, especially 0.1 - 0.23 other stabilizing agents 1,5 - 1,8 Color pigments other than TiO2 0 - 0.14, especially 0.005 - 0.10 titanium dioxide 1.0 - 12, especially 1 - 8 Flame retardant additives 0-20, especially 0-12

[0049] According to one particularly noteworthy embodiment, the other stabilization systems consist of organic thermostabilizers. The use of such stabilizers offers the advantage of eliminating the need for ESO or ESBO (epoxidized soybean oil) as a co-stabilizer in the formulation.

[0050] The composite carrier insert is impregnated with a binder, which facilitates the bond to the adjacent outer layers or between the outer and intermediate layers. The binder preferably consists of at least one material from the styrene-butadiene, acrylate, EVA, and PVC group, or a combination thereof. The PVC variant is particularly suitable for use as a dispersion or plastisol.

[0051] Styrene-butadiene is particularly noteworthy as a binder, as it does not exhibit any adverse effects on the roofing membranes despite the absorption of plasticizers, even at the nodes of the intersecting glass fibers. Furthermore, its mineral substrate makes it significantly easier to recycle compared to polyester.

[0052] Especially with EVA, PVC, and acrylate, there is also the advantage that the adhesive strength between the composite carrier insert and the adjacent layers is particularly high.

[0053] The use of the combination carrier insert as reinforcement has, surprisingly, resulted in the sealing membrane having an extremely smooth surface.

[0054] Furthermore, the use of the aforementioned composite carrier insert eliminates tensile stresses in the final product. This also results in a stable thickness tolerance for the individual layers, enabling the manufacturer to maintain tighter thickness tolerances for each layer.

[0055] A particularly strong material with good processing properties is achieved when the glass fleece has a basis weight between 20 g / m² and 90 g / m² and / or the glass fibers of the glass fleece have a thickness between 10 µm and 20 µm.

[0056] The fiber density, mesh size, or construction of the glass fiber reinforcement, such as knitted, crocheted, or combinations thereof, should be between 2x2 and 6x6, with 3x3 to 4x4 being the preferred choice. 2x2 means that two glass fibers are laid per centimeter in both a direction and a direction perpendicular to that direction. Threads running lengthwise are called warp threads, and threads running perpendicular to that direction are called weft threads. The same applies to 3x3, 4x4, 5x5, and 6x6.

[0057] The structure, construction, laying density, or mesh size can be symmetrical, square, rectangular, or asymmetrical. The following examples illustrate the different structures: A square structure, for example, 2x2, meaning 2 threads / cm in both the warp and weft directions, i.e., 2 warp threads / cm and 2 weft threads / cm. A rectangular structure would be, for example, 2x1, meaning 1 thread / cm in the warp direction and 2 threads / cm in the weft direction, i.e., 1 warp thread / cm and 2 weft threads / cm, or vice versa. An asymmetrical structure would be, for example, 2x2 RV, meaning 2 threads / cm in both the warp and weft directions, where the border area of ​​the grid has 4 threads / cm instead of 2 in the weft direction, i.e., 2 warp threads / cm and 2 weft threads / cm, with 4 warp threads / cm instead of 2 in the border area.

[0058] Furthermore, warp threads can also be arranged in double or multiple forms, whereby these do not necessarily represent the same number in weft threads.

[0059] Furthermore, different thread dimensions can be used between the weft and warp threads, such as different diameters or different fabric groups, e.g. polyester and glass, whereby at least one of the two threads should be based on glass.

[0060] In another embodiment, the glass fleece is reinforced with threads in the edge or central regions of its width – preferably also based on glass threads or PES (polyester) threads, i.e., primarily in the longitudinal direction of the roofing membrane. This application is particularly suitable for areas with high wind loads, i.e., especially in coastal regions and the associated higher forces and force introduction points into the roofing membrane.

[0061] The edge area is defined as 1 cm to 20 cm from the outer edge of the membrane's longitudinal direction, with a preferred width of up to approximately 6 cm. Furthermore, 4 to 20 reinforcing fibers, preferably 4 to 10, can be arranged at intervals of max. 50 mm, preferably 5 mm to 10 mm. The spacing is selected such that at least 3 reinforcing fibers run between the fixing plates, which are pierced by screws or nails to fix the roofing membrane to the substrate or base, and the substrate or base, to ensure mechanical reinforcement.

[0062] The total basis weight of the combination carrier insert should be between 80 g / m² and 200 g / m², preferably between 100 g / m² and 120 g / m².

[0063] The sealing membrane itself should have a basis weight between 1.4 kg / m² and 2.6 kg / m², preferably between 1.5 kg / m² and 1.9 kg / m².

[0064] Preferably, the thickness of the sealing membrane is between 1.0 mm and 2.5 mm, preferably between 1.2 mm and 2.0 mm.

[0065] The sealing membrane according to the invention is characterized in particular by a tensile strength [N / 50mm] in the longitudinal direction of at least 1000, preferably at least 1150, particularly preferably 1150 to 1250, and / or in the transverse direction of at least 800, preferably at least 1000, particularly preferably 1100 to 1200, measured according to EN 12311-2.

[0066] Furthermore, the tear strength [N] in the longitudinal direction is between 170 and 250 and in the transverse direction between 210 and 300, measured according to EN 12310-2.

[0067] Longitudinal direction is the direction in which the sealing membrane is transported during manufacturing. Transverse direction is the direction perpendicular to this.

[0068] To prevent the connection points of the knitted, woven and / or crocheted fabrics from forming protrusions towards the outside of the sealing membrane, the invention preferably provides that the glass fleece runs along the outer side of the glass reinforcement facing away from the building structure.

[0069] However, the invention also covers the positioning of the glass fleece along the outer side of the glass reinforcement facing the building structure.

[0070] In a roofing membrane known to those skilled in the art, which has a grid reinforcement or insert – i.e., without the combination carrier insert according to the invention – the connection points can expose the surface of the roofing membrane and lead to surface structuring. For those skilled in the art, this means the formation of channels, depressions, or puddles in which, in particular, dirt, water, algae, insects, etc., can accumulate. Due to the interaction of the trapped substances or organisms with the roofing membrane or its components, e.g., plasticizers, accelerated aging can occur. Especially in the edge areas, reservoirs or channels can form, resulting in a shorter service life of the roofing membrane.

[0071] This effect is avoided with the use of the combination carrier insert according to the invention, since such a structure cannot be represented on the surface.

[0072] The use of a combination carrier insert improves the fire behavior of the reinforcement or insert or the roofing membrane or the entire roof structure, which can be demonstrated in accordance with CEN / TS 1187:2012 'Exposure of roofing to external fire'.

[0073] Another positive aspect is the improved weldability of the roofing membrane. This is primarily due to its smooth and ripple-free surface. When welded using automated welding machines, this results in fewer defects, meaning fewer areas that would otherwise require additional manual sealing with hot air tools. This allows for easier handling and more efficient installation of the roofing membrane.

[0074] Furthermore, it is stipulated that the sealing membrane contains one or more additives from the group of fillers, pigments, dyes, UV stabilizers, thermostabilizers, biocides, and flame retardant additives.

[0075] The proportions of additives in the layers should vary according to the desired effect. For example, the outer layer(s), which run above the composite carrier layer when the roofing membrane is installed, should contain higher proportions of UV stabilizers, thermal stabilizers, and / or fungicides than the layer(s) located below the composite carrier layer.

[0076] Preferably, it is provided that one or two layers containing the base polymer and the monomer plasticizer run above the combination carrier insert, and one layer runs below the combination carrier insert, i.e., on the building side, whereby, as mentioned, the proportions of the additives in the individual layers can vary.

[0077] From a process engineering perspective, the roofing membrane according to the invention can be produced using one or more smoothing frames in a (co-)extrusion or calendering process. The composite carrier insert can be produced in a prior step or added to the process as a separate glass fleece and glass reinforcement.

[0078] Further details, advantages and features of the invention will become apparent not only from the claims and the features to be derived therefrom, individually and / or in combination, but also from the following description of preferred embodiments.

[0079] They show: Fig. 1 shows a section of a sealing membrane, Fig. 2 shows a smoothing rack for producing the sealing membrane according to Fig. 1 Fig. 3 shows a section of a knitted fabric, Fig. 4 shows a cross-section through the knitted fabric. Fig. 3 ., Fig. 5 a combination of two smoothing racks for the production of the sealing membrane according to Fig. 1 , Fig. 6 a section of a biaxial knitted fabric, Fig. 7 a section of a biaxial knitted fabric, Fig. 8 a section of a "Half Tricot knitted fabric", Fig. 9 a section of a "Full Tricot knitted fabric" and Fig. 10 a section of an adhesion problem based on the binder used.

[0080] In the Fig. 1 The figure shows a section of a sealing membrane 10 according to the invention, which is used in the construction sector, such as for sealing roofs, cladding facades, lining pools or lining basements.

[0081] In the exemplary embodiment, the sealing membrane 10 runs on a roof 12 and consists of a lower layer 14, which, when the sealing membrane 10 is installed, runs along the roof side, i.e., the side facing the building structure. On the lower layer 14 is a composite carrier insert 16, which in turn consists of a glass reinforcement running along the roof side, comprising or containing a mesh fabric 18, and a glass fleece 20 located away from the roof. The mesh fabric is a knitted fabric, a woven fabric, or a combination thereof.

[0082] On the free side of the composite carrier insert 16, two layers 22, 24 are arranged, which – like the lower layer 14 – contain or consist of soft PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and a monomeric plasticizer, as well as one or more additives such as fillers, pigments, dyes, UV stabilizers, heat stabilizers, and biocides. The weight fraction of the monomeric plasticizer in the respective layer 14, 22, 24 is between 25 wt.% and 40 wt.%, preferably between 25 wt.% and 37 wt.%, and particularly between 27 wt.% and 35 wt.%.

[0083] The layers 22, 24 therefore run on the side of the combination carrier insert 16, which, when the sealing membrane 10 is laid, faces away from the roof 12 or the building.

[0084] Preferably, a phthalate-based monomer plasticizer is used, in particular a plasticizer from the DPHP (dipropylheptyl phthalate), DINP (diisonyl phthalate), or DIDP (diisodecyl phthalate) group. However, the plasticizer can also be a phthalate-free plasticizer, a bio-based plasticizer, or a partially bio-based plasticizer.

[0085] In particular, the invention is characterized in that each layer contains 14, 22, 24 in wt.%: low molecular weight plasticizer 25-45, especially 27-37 Process aids 0 - 1.9, especially 0.1 - 1.50 filler 0-20, especially 0-15 PVC 45-57, especially 46-56 Antioxidants 0 - 0.2, especially 0.1 - 0.2 UV stabilizer 0 - 0.23, especially 0.1 - 0.23 other stabilizing agents 1,5 - 1,8 Color pigments other than TiO2 0 - 0.14, especially 0.005 - 0.10 titanium dioxide 1.0 - 12, especially 1 - 8 Flame retardant additives 0-20, especially 0-12

[0086] In particular, the titanium dioxide content in the upper layer 24 is specified as being greater than that in the middle layer 22. Conversely, the titanium dioxide content of the lower layer 12 is lower than that of the middle layer 22.

[0087] Furthermore, both the middle layer 22 and the bottom layer 12 can be free of antioxidants and stabilizers, including UV stabilizers.

[0088] The proportion of calcium carbonate can be greater in the lower layer 14 than in the middle layer 22, and this in turn greater than in an upper layer 24.

[0089] The glass fleece 20 of the combination carrier device 16 should have a basis weight between 30 g / m 2< and 90 g / m 2<.

[0090] The glass fibers of the glass fleece should have a thickness between 13 µm and 18 µm. The glass fibers of the glass reinforcement, consisting of a knitted fabric, a knitted fabric, a woven fabric, or combinations thereof, are characterized by a density of 60 tex to 80 tex.

[0091] Furthermore, the laying density or mesh size or construction of the fibers of the glass reinforcement, consisting of a knitted fabric, a knitted fabric, a woven fabric or combinations thereof, should be 3x3 to 4x4.

[0092] The surface weight of the sealing membrane 10 should be between 1.4 kg / m 2< and 2.6 kg / m 2<, with a thickness preferably of 1.2 mm to 2.0 mm.

[0093] Layer 14 on the one hand and layers 22, 24 on the other hand are applied to the combination carrier insert 16 in particular by calendering, coating or extrusion.

[0094] In particular, it is planned that layers 22 and 24 will be produced by co-extrusion and layer 14 by extrusion using a single-channel die.

[0095] In a single finishing unit – also called a calender, calender unit, or roller finishing unit – the co-extruded layers 22, 24, and layer 14 with the interleaved carrier insert 16 are then joined. All process steps are carried out using a single finishing unit.

[0096] Glass fleece 20 and glass reinforcement consisting of or containing a mesh fabric 18 are impregnated with a binder that consists of or contains at least one material from the group consisting of styrene-butadiene, acrylate, PVC, and EVA. The binder bonds the composite carrier inserts to the adjacent layers 14 and 22.

[0097] Sealing membranes 10 produced accordingly have a tensile strength in N / 50mm in the longitudinal direction of at least 1000, preferably of about 1150 to 1180, and in the transverse direction of at least 800, preferably of about 1080 to 1100, the measurement being carried out in accordance with EN 12311-2.

[0098] The maximum tensile strain is approximately 2-5% in both the longitudinal and transverse directions, also measured according to E 12311-2.

[0099] The tear strength according to EN 12310-2 is approximately 220 N in the longitudinal direction and approximately 270 N in the transverse direction.

[0100] The nail tensile strength according to EN 123010-1 is approximately 300 N in the longitudinal direction and approximately 375 N in the transverse direction.

[0101] Regarding dimensional stability, the values ​​according to EN 1107-2 were - 0.07% in the longitudinal direction and - 0.07% in the transverse direction.

[0102] In the Fig. 2 A smoothing frame 100 is shown in principle, with which a sealing membrane 10 according to the invention can be produced by extrusion or calendering.

[0103] The smoothing frame 100 comprises a lower roller or cylinder 102, a middle roller or cylinder 104, and an upper roller or cylinder 106. Furthermore, in the exemplary embodiment, two cooling rollers 108, 110 are provided.

[0104] The smoothing frame 100 also features a co-extrusion die 112 and a single-channel extrusion die 114, each connected to a corresponding extruder.

[0105] To produce the roofing membrane 10, the combination carrier insert 16 is unwound from a roll and guided between the rollers 102, 104, 106.

[0106] In the area of ​​the lower and middle rollers 102, 104, before the combination carrier insert 16 is passed between these rollers 104 and 106, the middle layer 22 and the outer layer 24 are applied as a unit to the middle roller 104 by means of the coextrusion die 112. The combination carrier insert 16 is then contacted with the free surface.

[0107] After passing through the lower and middle rollers 102 and 104, heat is applied towards the middle roller 104, for example, using an infrared heater 105. The lower layer 14 is applied to the upper roller 106 by means of an extrusion die 114. As the combined carrier unit 16 is conveyed through the gap between the middle roller 104 and the upper roller 106, it makes contact with the free surface of the lower layer 14 in front of the gap. The roofing membrane 10 produced in this way is guided around the upper roller 106 and finally through the cooling rollers 108 and 110.

[0108] The Figs. 3 and 4 The figures show views of the glass fabric 18, which consists of intersecting longitudinal threads 30, 32 and transverse threads 34, 36, 38, 40. The threads each run in a separate plane, so that the longitudinal threads 30, 32 are in a first plane 33 and the transverse threads 34, 36, 38, 40 are in a second plane 41. The respective threads form layers.

[0109] The longitudinal and transverse threads 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40 are joined by means of binding threads 42, 44, wherein in the area of ​​the intersection points 54, 56, 58, 60 between the longitudinal and transverse threads 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, the first binding threads 42 run exclusively above and the second binding threads 44 run exclusively below the intersection points 54, 56, 58, 60, so that the intersection points 54, 56, 58, 60 are located between the first and second binding threads 42, 44, as can be seen from a comparison of the top view according to Fig. 3 and the cut according to Fig. 4 This is self-explanatory. Furthermore, it can be seen in principle from the figures that the binding threads 42, 44 are connected to the longitudinal threads 30, 32 at almost the same point 44, 46, 48, 50.

[0110] Along each longitudinal thread 30, 32, two binding threads run, one of which runs sectionally above layer 41 and the other sectionally below layer 33, in order to ensure the connection between the longitudinal and transverse threads 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40. The strength of the binding threads 42, 44 also influences the strength of the composite support system 16 and thus of the sealing membrane 10.

[0111] By using the combination carrier insert 16, the two other already extruded layers – middle layer 22 and outer layer 24 – are protected from renewed high heat input during the extrusion of the lower layer 14. This has a positive effect on the aging of the middle layer 22 and the outer layer 24. This can be demonstrated using the Yellowness Index.

[0112] In Figure 5 The process is illustrated taking into account two smoothing racks.

[0113] In this way, a combination carrier insert 216 according to the invention, for example, coming from a winding (point A), is guided past heat sources, such as IR radiant heaters 224, 226, via deflection rollers 218, 220, 222, in order to then be guided between rollers 228, 230, 232. A layer is applied between the rollers 228, 230 via a single-channel nozzle 234, which is layer 14 according to Fig. 1 forms, which consequently, when covering a building or a section or area of ​​such a building, is facing it or rests on it when the finished sealing membrane 10 is applied.

[0114] Rollers 228, 230, and 232 form a first smoothing unit 200. From the smoothing unit 200, the combination carrier insert 216 with the applied layer is fed via deflection rollers 236, 238, 240, and 242 to a second smoothing unit 300. Prior to this, it is reheated using a heat source, such as an IR heater 324. It is then guided by rollers 328, 330, and 332, which can be designated as the lower, middle, and upper rollers, respectively. Between the lower roller 328 and the upper roller 330, a co-extrusion die 334 is used to extrude the material according to layer 22, 24. Fig. 1 - the middle layer 22 and the outer layer 24, which is the layer furthest from the building in the finished sealing membrane 10, are applied.

[0115] Coming from the smoothing frame 300, the roofing membrane is fed via a deflecting roller 334 to, for example, cooling rollers (area B, not shown). Further processing can take place, in particular winding or cutting to length. The roller 332 can already be designed as a cooling roller – just like the deflecting roller 334.

[0116] In Figs. 6 to 9 Preferred embodiments of the knitted fabric or the biaxial knitted fabric are specifically illustrated. In this case, biaxial means that the longitudinal and transverse threads, or weft and warp threads, are arranged at a 90° or 45° angle to each other.

[0117] Fig. 6 represents a knitted fabric in which the inserted warp and weft threads are arranged at 0° and 90° angles, respectively.

[0118] Fig. 7 This represents a knitted fabric known to those skilled in the art as "half tricot". In this embodiment, the woven warp and weft threads are arranged at 0° and 90° angles to each other, respectively.

[0119] Fig. 8 This also represents a knitted fabric, which - as already mentioned - Fig. 7 This is mentioned – and is known to experts as "half tricot". However, the number of stitches arranged between the weft and warp threads differs.

[0120] Fig. 9 Figure 1 shows another embodiment of a knitted fabric known to those skilled in the art as a "full tricot". Here, the structure is composed of two "half tricot" versions, produced using two guide rails that move in opposite directions during manufacturing. This results in a balanced structure. The two warp threads overlap in opposite directions (referred to as "overlap"). This leads to perfectly upright loops on the surface.

[0121] In Fig. 10For example, two areas are shown to illustrate the adhesion mechanism between the outer layers and the composite insert. Area A shows an area where the individual outer layers do not exhibit sufficient adhesion to the composite insert. Area B, on the other hand, indicates an area with good adhesion properties. This is evident from the fact that the upper and lower outer layers are colored differently. During the production process, the materials of the outer layers must fill or penetrate the open pores or areas of the composite insert so that the outer layers can make contact. Since both outer layers are heated and based on the same polymer substrate, high adhesion between them can be achieved. A binder can be used to improve the adhesion to the composite insert.

[0122] Therefore, the poor adhesion in area A can be attributed to two possible causes: non-homogeneous or poor penetration of the composite carrier insert by the materials of the outer layers or, if applicable, between the outer layer running towards the building structure and the intermediate layer (layer 22 in Fig. 1 ) and / or an insufficient quantity or inadequate surface distribution of the applied binder.

Claims

1. Multi-layer sealing web (10) for a building area, such as roof, facade, cellar, ceilings, which has outer layers (14, 22, 24) which contain a base polymer in the form of polyvinyl chloride or a polyvinyl chloride copolymer and a plasticizer, as well as a combination carrier insert (16) which is present between the outer layers and has a glass fleece (20) and a glass reinforcement which consists of or contains a knitted fabric (18).

2. Multi-layer sealing web according to claim 1, characterized in that, that the combination carrier liner (16) is bonded to the outer layers (14, 22, 24) by means of a binder, the percentage by weight of which is in particular between 5 and 50, based on the sum of the weights of the binder and the combination carrier liner.

3. Multi-layer sealing web according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in that the threads of the knitted fabric (18) have longitudinal and transverse threads (30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40) which are connected via binding threads (42, 44), the longitudinal threads (30, 32) preferably forming a first layer (33) and the transverse threads (34, 36, 38, 40) form a second layer (41), the longitudinal threads and the transverse threads are connected by first and second binding threads (42, 44), which in turn extend in a fixed manner from the longitudinal threads, and that in the region of the crossing points (54, 56, 58, 60) between the longitudinal threads and the transverse threads, the first binding threads (42) run exclusively above and the second binding threads (44) run exclusively below the crossing points in the regions thereof in such a way that the crossing points run between the first and second binding threads, and in particular the binding threads (42, 44) are connected to the longitudinal threads (30, 32) at or almost at the same points (44, 46, 48, 50).

4. Multi-layer sealing web according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, that the knitted fabric (18) is a weft-knitted or warp-knitted fabric or a combination thereof.

5. Multi-layer sealing web according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, that the glass reinforcement is bonded to the glass fleece (20) by means of at least one binder from the group styrene-butadiene, acrylate, EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate), PVC-based variant, such as PVC dispersions, PVC plastisols.

6. Multi-layer sealing web according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, that the binding threads (42, 44) and / or threads (30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40) of the knitted fabric (18) have a fineness of between 2 tex and 20 tex, in particular 4 tex and 10 tex.

7. Multi-layer sealing web according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, that the binding thread (42, 44) or thread (30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40) consists of a material from the group polyester, polypropylene, polyamide, glass.

8. Sealing web according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, that the glass fleece (20) has a weight per unit area of between 30 g / m2 and 90 g / m2 and / or the glass fibers of the glass fleece have a thickness of between 13 µm and 18 µm.

9. Sealing web according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, that the fibers of the weft and warp threads (30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40) of the knitted fabric (18), which intersect at a right angle, have a laying density of 2x2 to 6x6, in particular 3x3 to 4x4, the fineness of the weft and / or warp threads (30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40) of the knitted fabric (18) in particular being 60 tex to 80 tex.

10. Sealing web according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, that the plasticizer is a low-molecular plasticizer, in particular the proportion of the low-molecular plasticizer in the outer layers (14, 22, 24) containing the base polymer being between 25% by weight and 45% by weight, particularly preferably the proportion of low-molecular plasticizer being between 25% by weight and 37% by weight, in particular between 27% by weight and 35% by weight.

11. Sealing web according to claim 10, characterized in that, that the low molecular weight plasticizer is a phthalate-based plasticizer, in particular from the group DPHP (dipropyl heptyl phthalate) DINP (diisonyl phthalate), DIDP (diisodecyl phthalate), or a phthalate-free plasticizer or an at least (partially) bio-based plasticizer.

12. Sealing web according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, that the combination carrier insert (16) is impregnated with a binder based on at least one material from the group styrene-butadiene, acrylate, PVC, EVA, in particular styrene-butadiene.

13. Sealing web according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, that the sealing web (10) has a weight per unit area of between 1.4 kg / m2 and 2.6 kg / m2, in particular between 1.5 kg / m2 and 1.9 kg / m2, and / or that the thickness of the sealing web (10) is between 1.0 mm and 2.5 mm, in particular between 1.2 mm and 2.0 mm, and / or that the tensile strength of the sealing web (10) in N / 50 mm in the longitudinal direction is at least 800, preferably at least 1000, in particular 1150 to 1250, and / or in the transverse direction is at least 800, preferably 1100 to 1200, and / or that the sealing web (10) has a tear propagation strength in N in the longitudinal direction of the sealing web between 170 and 250 and in the transverse direction between 210 and 300.

14. Sealing web according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, that the glass fleece (20) runs along the outer side of the knitted fabric (18) facing away from the construction area.

15. Sealing web according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, that the sealing web (10) contains one or more additives from the group consisting of fillers, pigments, dyes, UV stabilizers, thermostabilizers, biocides.

16. Sealing web according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in that the sealing web (10) comprises a first outer layer (14) extending on the side of the construction site, the combination carrier insert (16) and at least one outer layer (22, 24) extending along the side of the combination carrier insert facing away from the construction site, two layers, an intermediate layer (22) and the outer layer (24), being arranged in particular along the side of the combination carrier insert (16) facing away from the construction site.

17. Sealing web according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, that the outer layer (26) facing away from the building and / or the intermediate layer (22) and / or the layer (14) facing the building, in particular each layer (14, 22, 24), consists of or contains in % by weight: Low molecular weight plasticizer, preferably phthalate-based25- 45, in particular 27 - 37Process aid / s such as lubricant0 - 1,9, in particular 1,0 - 1,9Filler such as calcium carbonate0 - 20, in particular 0 - 15PVC45 - 57, in particular 46 - 56Antioxidant or antioxidants0 - 0,2, in particular 0,1 - 0,2UV stabilizer0 - 0,23, in particular 0,1 - 0,23Other stabilizers1,5 - 1,8Color pigments except TiO20 - 0,14, in particular 0,905 - 0,10Titanium dioxide1,0 - 12, in particular 1 - 818. Method of manufacturing a sealing web (10) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the outer layers (14, 24) are produced by extrusion and then bonded to the combination carrier insert (16).

19. Method of manufacturing a sealing web (10) according to at least one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that, that the layers (22, 34) running along the side of the combination carrier insert (16) facing away from the construction area when the sealing web (10) is laid are produced by coextrusion and that the coextruded layers, the combination carrier insert and the layer (14) running along the side of the construction area produced by extrusion are joined together in a single smoothing frame.

20. Method of manufacturing a sealing web (10) according to at least one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that, that in a first smoothing frame (200), the outer layer (14), which runs on the side of the building structure when the sealing web (10) is laid, is applied by extrusion to the combination carrier insert (16) fed thereto, that the combination carrier insert with the outer layer is fed to a second smoothing frame (300), in which the intermediate layer and the outer layer (22, 24), which face away from the building structure when the sealing web is laid, are applied by coextrusion.