DRAINAGE SYSTEM

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a drainage system according to the preamble of claim 1. In particular, the innovation is directed to a drainage system with a kit of concrete formwork blocks, which are installed in particular in the edge area of ​​a variable usable area, so that improved drainage of liquids, in particular water, can be achieved with stable boundaries.

[0002] The effective drainage of surface water has long posed a problem in the construction of usable surfaces with at least edge-side support structures made of precast concrete blocks. German patent application DE 195 22 982 A1 proposes a kit in which special drainage blocks ensure lateral drainage of surface water only towards an infiltration area. However, in the lower area of ​​the concrete blocks, which are supported on a compacted sub-base, invisibly waterlogged seepage can occur – particularly in the area of ​​a compacted bedding layer – causing the concrete blocks to loosen under traffic loads. German patent application DE 20 2012 101 154 U1 also proposes a special channel block, which is positioned laterally next to an open-pore surface layer in the area of ​​the asphalt driving surface.The aim is to achieve drainage of surface water from this top layer via the respective fluid channels in the concrete blocks. Here, too, there is a risk of the concrete blocks "floating" on the seepage water above the bedding and load-bearing layer of the substructure.

[0003] In a multi-layer interlocking paving stone according to DE 195 01 091 C2, the drainage of rainwater is improved by providing this paving stone with a water-impermeable facing layer. The system is designed so that water drainage can occur via the interlocking structure of the concrete paving stone. When the system is installed, wide joints are formed using spacers, allowing for variable water drainage within these joints and preventing only a film of water from forming on the surface of the multi-layer interlocking paving stones. Similar systems are also shown in DE 68 07 482 U, DE 35 00 271 A1, DE 36 32 620 A1 and DE 11 2009 003 630 T5.

[0004] However, when the aforementioned systems are applied according to standards to usable areas with a multi-layered substructure and a variable upper working level, it has become apparent that—based on the requirements for load-dependent construction of the substructure of such building kits—the increasing hardening of the building material mixtures in the bedding and load-bearing layer area over the service life increasingly restricts their drainage capabilities. It has been observed that long-term compression from alternating traffic loads leads to a zone of water accumulation in the substructure material. In wet conditions, this causes paving stones and kerbstones to "float," thus dislodging them from their bonded position and loosening them.This creates areas of loose soil, particularly in large parking lots with concrete paving or along the edges of roadways with barriers, because water infiltration into the substructure is no longer possible or only possible with a significant delay. As a result, construction companies have to carry out extensive rework and repairs.

[0005] When constructing and laying paving or similar systems with edge restraints in accordance with DIN 18318, the respective edging and / or gutter stones must be laid on a still workable, uncured foundation concrete. The compressive strength after earth-moist processing must reach a minimum value of 15.0 N / mm² when cured. With such a watertight construction of support structures at the edges of traffic areas, additional installation errors can occur, which also require extensive rework.

[0006] The invention aims to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages in the drainage of surface and seepage water in areas with largely variable usable surfaces using concrete elements, and to protect the drainage system against overloading caused by traffic and potential displacement of structural components. The solution to the problem is defined in claim 1 and dependent claims 2 to 13.

[0007] To solve this problem, a drainage system with an optimizable kit of precast concrete blocks is proposed. These blocks are installed in a conceptually improved position, precisely aligned with the substructure being prepared for installation. This new combination of features is designed to define a specific installation zone for the precast concrete blocks within the base course and / or bedding layer, thus enabling permanent water drainage through an "integrated drainage" system. The concrete elements are designed with a structure that is at least partially permeable to water, and these blocks are positioned precisely within the bedding and / or base course, ensuring additional drainage with horizontal lateral discharge of seepage water in the respective upper layers of the substructure.This "directed drainage" is permanently effective because, although the substructure undergoes horizontal hardening under traffic loads, the vertical contact zones of the substructure at the concrete blocks remain unaffected, thus ensuring the long-term horizontal drainage of seepage water. The porosity of the water-permeable structure is maintained in the contact zones over the long term, allowing water to penetrate horizontally from the adjacent layer of the substructure and ensuring the drainage of the system. Water-permeable concrete is also referred to as drainage concrete or porous concrete. For example, a water-permeable concrete is an open-pore concrete.

[0008] This system eliminates the disadvantages previously encountered due to standing water and prevents water from accumulating in the boundary zone between the bedding layer and the base course, which increases with the number of vehicle passes. Water seeping vertically from the road surface can now be directed to this boundary zone and diverted into the lateral drainage zone via a primarily horizontal lateral channel. Within the drainage zones created by the functional system during installation, the porosity of the permeable structure remains open over the long term, allowing water to penetrate horizontally from an adjacent layer or section of the substructure, thus ensuring both vertical and horizontal drainage.

[0009] This system eliminates the disadvantages previously encountered in the area of ​​"standing water" and prevents water from accumulating in the boundary zone of the subgrade between the bedding layer and the base course, which increases with the number of vehicle passes. Water seeping vertically from the road surface can now be directed precisely to this boundary zone and diverted into the lateral support zone via a primarily horizontal lateral drainage system.

[0010] This allows rainwater and meltwater to be reliably drained – from beneath the surface layer – into a less compacted soil zone, for example, below or at the edges of the surface layer forming the usable area. With this targeted drainage, for example, 20% to 60%, preferably up to 100%, of the surface water can be drained directly. A municipal drainage network interacting with the inventive drainage system kit is subjected to less strain, usable areas equipped with the transversely draining concrete elements allow for smaller sewer dimensions, and a reduction in construction costs is achieved. It is conceivable that systems can be constructed in which the runoff coefficient is reduced to a value of C=0.00 (DIN 1986-100; EN 12056-3). This then corresponds to 100% infiltration of the water at the roadside.

[0011] An advantageous design of the drainage system provides that the concrete blocks used for the inventive combination can each be designed as fully water-permeable elements with a porous structure. It is also provided that – corresponding to the elevation of the precisely positioned load-bearing layer or bedding layer – only specific sections of the concrete blocks are provided with a water-permeable porous layer. When implementing the system, it must then be ensured that the water-permeable section below the surface layer borders the water-bearing zone, thus achieving permanent drainage with horizontal lateral discharge and distribution.

[0012] It has been shown that targeted lateral drainage of infiltrating water can achieve a 20 to 60% improvement in water drainage. This long-term drainage system of the construction kit simultaneously provides improved frost protection, preventing the formation of winter cracks in the road surface. The new system achieves forced drainage above the respective load-bearing layers of the substructure. In conjunction with these standard layers, constructed according to road construction standards (e.g., RStO), optimal long-term support for the concrete elements designed as stabilizers is ensured for the bedding and load-bearing layers as they harden over the course of road use.Measurements on concrete blocks of the installed kit of the drainage system according to the invention have shown that, with proper installation, "blockage" does not occur in the area of ​​the installation zone and thus the functional lateral drainage of the seepage water is maintained.

[0013] One application of the drainage system kit according to the invention is aimed at combining the respective layer components of the entire substructure with novel drainage elements, whereby elements optimally prepared for the construction contractor are used in each case. The structure, which is provided with at least one water-permeable concrete layer, features in particular kerbstones, channels, edge strips, grass pavers, T-shaped and / or L-shaped blocks as variably profiled and dimensioned individual components. This creates an innovative, water-permeable support structure with a modular design for variable installation options on roadways and footpaths.

[0014] According to the invention, a water-permeable foundation block, which engages under the aforementioned components of the upper cover layer and varies according to the respective application, is now integrated into this optimizable water-permeable support structure of the kit as a new multifunctional laying element.

[0015] With this precast concrete foundation concept, in addition to the effectively predetermined water drainage, an additional protective effect is achieved for the drainage system according to the invention, as it is now effectively secured against overloads caused by traffic and potential displacements of components. This stabilizing effect is based on the fact that, within the drainage layers precisely defined by the additional precast concrete foundation, the respective wheel loads or similar stresses of the construction kit are now optimally distributed in both vertical and horizontal directions. This allows for the calculation and specification of an optimal bedding pressure or low bearing pressure under the precast concrete foundation for long-term stability. As a result, previously detrimental displacements within the horizontal "drainage layers" of the construction kit are reliably avoided.

[0016] To accommodate a wide variety of system variants, the compressive strengths to be achieved during the production of the precast foundation block are preferably within the standard range of classes C12 / 15, C16 / 20, C20 / 25, or C25 / 30. It is also planned that the water-permeable components will be made of aerated concrete or open-graded concrete of classes C30 / 37 to C50 / 60. For specific applications, products suitable for use in the range of classes C55 / 67 to C80 / 85 are also planned, and ultra-high-performance concrete of classes C90 / 105 to C100 / 115 can also be considered.

[0017] In the production of precast foundation blocks with at least partially water-permeable structures, the sand components are precisely blended according to specific grading curves. High-strength aggregates are used in the process, along with special binders that have long working times. The conditions in the concrete plant, which provide for post-treatment of the precast elements, are of particular importance. This involves adjusting the mixing tower and production hall to proven temperatures. The climate in the drying chamber and curing hall is also aligned with the constant conditions in the concrete plant. Before delivery, the desired properties of each precast concrete element, such as water permeability and strength, are tested. This ensures that optimal values ​​can be achieved for every concrete mix and every type of shape, and these production recipes and processes can be stored reproducibly in the control system.In particular, for precast concrete elements according to EN1340 (harmonized EU standard) for densely structured channels and edgings or according to EN 14991 (harmonized EU standard) for densely structured foundation elements / foundations, or partially or completely outside the standard construction method, the desired properties such as water permeability, strength, number of pores, pore size (see e.g. ) are checked before delivery. Fig. 14 and Fig. 15 ), void content, resistance to freeze-thaw attack, freeze-thaw salt attack, etc., according to the expected traffic load or the planned installation depth (see e.g. Fig. 14 and Fig. 15 ) checked.

[0018] The invention relates, in particular, to a drainage system comprising a substructure, a surface layer, and a kit with concrete elements, wherein the substructure to be prepared on the ground side consists of a compacted load-bearing layer and a bedding layer located above it, and supports the surface layer forming an upper usable surface, which has at least one edge-side support structure made of the concrete elements, wherein the concrete elements are provided, at least in the area of ​​their contact zone associated with the load-bearing layer and / or the bedding layer, with a drainage concrete layer that is at least partially water-permeable, with which a permanent forced drainage with horizontal transverse discharge below the surface layer is provided or can be provided to the respective layer(s) of the substructure adjacent to the drainage concrete layer.According to the invention, a water-permeable prefabricated foundation block, which engages the components of the upper cover layer, is integrated into the water-permeable support structure as a laying element.

[0019] The concrete elements are advantageously formed entirely from an open-pored material.

[0020] Preferably, the drainage system constructed with the concrete elements is designed to drain seepage water that penetrates under the surface layer, in particular in such a way that the seepage water, which in particular previously accumulated on the long-term hardened bedding or load-bearing layer, can be drained out of the support frame of the usable area, which is bounded by the support structure in a trough-like manner, via the horizontal transverse drainage.

[0021] The kit is preferably further developed in such a way that the multi-layered concrete elements in cross-section are formed from a base material and at least one porous concrete mixture, and this defines a boundary layer in the area of ​​vertical installation zones on the layers of the substructure as a drainage concrete layer.

[0022] In the area of ​​a support frame formed from the concrete elements, the horizontal direction of the lateral drainage of seepage water is advantageously predetermined as a surface-limiting support structure.

[0023] Preferably, the concrete elements, which have a water-permeable concrete layer made of aerated concrete or are completely formed from this material, are adapted or adaptable in their geometric dimensions to the respective alternating loads in the area of ​​variably designed or conceivable usable areas, wherein the concrete elements installed in the area of ​​the support frame have respective additional profiles and / or the concrete elements interact with a stationary back support.

[0024] Preferably, drainage is carried out by lateral discharge from the load-bearing layer and / or the bedding layer into a ground-side receiving area adjacent to the support frame of the system, wherein the lateral discharge of the water from the area of ​​the bedding layer is directed towards a drainage element or similar surface drainage part integrated into the drainage system.

[0025] The kit is advantageously further developed in such a way that the concrete elements with at least one water-permeable concrete layer are designed or can be designed as a kerbstone, a gutter stone, an edge stone, a grass grid stone, an L-stone or the like, and with these form or form a modularly designed kit for the support structure.

[0026] Preferably, the substructure combined with the drainage system in the area of ​​the load-bearing layer and / or the bedding layer is manufactured or can be manufactured with a load-bearing capacity lower than that specified in the standard, preferably in accordance with RStO, in particular in such a way that the loads subsequently occurring on the usable areas equipped with the drainage system cause a defined subsequent stabilization of the substructure.

[0027] Preferably, the substructure in the area of ​​the load-bearing layer and the bedding layer is provided with a gravel-fine sand combination which, in conjunction with the drainage system, ensures optimal filter stability in the drainage area.

[0028] The drainage system constructed with this system is advantageous, particularly when it incorporates water-permeable foundation blocks that engage the profiled superstructure components in the form of kerbstones, edge stones, or channel stones, especially in such a way that respective driving loads or similar stresses can be absorbed through targeted load distribution and are introduced into the substructure area with, in particular, optimized or optimizable bedding pressure, especially without or largely without a stabilizing effect on it.

[0029] The kit is preferably further developed in such a way that the foundation blocks engage the respective superior component at least in a single layer in some areas, and a multi-layer drainage system is formed with several foundation blocks defining a respective water-permeable horizontal layer.

[0030] Preferably, the components are placed or can be placed directly on the water-draining precast foundation block, with at least one tongue-and-groove profile being provided for shear force stabilization.

[0031] The kit is advantageously further developed in such a way that the two layers of the foundation blocks lie directly on top of each other, or that a support connection layer that is at least partially water-permeable is provided between the upper component and the at least one foundation block.

[0032] Preferably, the foundation blocks and / or the support connection layer are provided with at least one profile that specifies a force-fit and / or form-fit connection structure for the associated component, in particular such that a controllable connection state is necessarily specified or can be specified for the assembly process on site.

[0033] The kit is preferably further developed in such a way that the support connection layer is designed at least partially as an adhesive layer or mortar layer, or the support connection layer is formed from water-permeable cast-in-place concrete and this only covers a partial area of ​​the width of the precast foundation block, in particular in such a way that, preferably with optimal load distribution, permanent water drainage is maintained.

[0034] Advantageously, the support connection layer has a trapezoidal cross-sectional profile shape that tapers upwards, with respective contact surfaces for the load-bearing layer of the substructure.

[0035] Furthermore, a method for the manufacture and / or use of parts of or a kit of a drainage system according to the invention is explained, wherein the water-permeable foundation blocks are adapted to the respective required final strengths starting from a minimum concrete strength or a minimum concrete strength increasing, preferably according to C 12 / 15, for which purpose uniformly exact grading curves, aggregates or selected aggregates of high strength, binders or special binders with a long processing time and / or automatically controlled climatic conditions are used in all production phases.

[0036] It is advantageous to incorporate reinforcement into the prefabricated foundation blocks, at least in some areas.

[0037] Preferably, for a long-term stable construction of the system with water-permeable precast foundation blocks, a ready-mixed product that can be used on site is provided, e.g., as bagged goods, loose goods or big bag goods, in particular in such a way that on-site processing is carried out and controlled by the optimal addition of water or the addition of water and, in particular, an optimal type or types of binder.

[0038] Advantageously, the construction in its installed position defines a height, particularly relevant to function, and a width, preferably such that, according to a forecast with increasing traffic load, especially over a long period, preferably for more than 50 years, compaction under the foundation is avoided and thus permanent water permeability of the system is ensured.

[0039] Further details of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawings in connection with the description. The drawings show: Fig. 1 a perspective view of an unclaimed construction kit with concrete blocks with a roadway and adjacent footpath, Fig. 2 a sectional view of the system according to Fig. 1 , Fig. 3 a perspective view of an unclaimed kit similar to Fig. 1 with different designs of the zone adjacent to the driving surface, Figs. 4 to 6 show respective sectional views of the zones in Fig. 3 , Fig. 7 a perspective view of an unclaimed kit similar to Fig. 3 with a trench infiltration system, Fig. 8 a sectional view of the system according to Fig. 7 Fig. 9 a section view of a driving surface with an integrated drainage element in a sectional view of an unloaded kit, Figs. 10 to 12 respective perspective views of individual concrete formwork blocks of the kit for edge support in the area of ​​a usable area, Fig. 13 a sectional view of an unloaded, structured kit in the area of ​​a multi-section roadway with a central carriageway as well as parking areas and a sidewalk on both sides, Fig. 13a a DIN compilation of the installation situation according to Fig. 13 , Fig. 14 a sectional view similar Fig. 2 with an additional water-permeable foundation block as a new base component, Figs. 15 to 21 show respective applications of the foundation block in the area of ​​a trough channel without back support, Figs. 22 to 24 show respective installation positions of the foundation block in the area of ​​a raised curb, Figs. 25 and 26 show a respective drainage channel with varying support in the area of ​​the modified foundation block, Figs. 27 to 33 show respective top and sectional views of a kit with L-shaped blocks and foundation blocks combined with them, Figs. 34 to 37 show respective sectional views in the area of ​​the water-permeable foundation block with variable designs of ground inlets, and Fig. 38 shows a system similar to Fig. 31 , where a trough channel in the area of ​​a profiled substructure is held in a transversely force-stable manner by means of a tongue-and-groove connection.

[0040] The representation according to Fig. 1 shows in a perspective schematic representation a construction kit B, which is known per se, with concrete formwork blocks for the production of different usable surfaces ( Fig. 3 , Fig. 13 ). Such a kit B is installed in the area of ​​roads, footpaths, parking areas, paved areas or the like, in such a way that the respective usable areas N, N' are defined.

[0041] A substructure U, which must be prepared on the ground side, is provided above the existing soil 10. This substructure U consists, particularly in accordance with standards, of a compacted base course 1 – here, for example, with a frost protection layer (FSS) – and a bedding layer 2 above it, which in turn supports a surface course 3, preferably forming the respective upper usable surface N, N'. In these basic road construction concepts, it is provided that the construction kit B includes at least one edge support structure ST, ST' ( Fig. 2 , Fig. 13 ) with the concrete elements BE in the form of variably shaped concrete form blocks.

[0042] The representations according to Fig. 1 bis Fig. 13 The unloaded construction kit with concrete elements BE, illustrated in various application examples, is designed such that at least one of the supporting structures ST, ST' formed by it, now functions as part of a functional drainage system for the respective usable area N, N'. This means that a previously "closed" area also acts as a drainage zone.

[0043] The variably designed concrete elements BE define, at least in the area of ​​a plant zone 4 to be assigned in the installation position of the load-bearing layer 1 and / or the bedding layer 2, a water-absorbing and thus water-permeable drainage concrete layer 6 in a usable position to be specified for installation ( Fig. 12 This ensures that the respective layer of the substructure U adjacent to the drainage concrete layer 6 – namely 1, 2 and / or FS – is provided with a water flow with horizontal permanent transverse drainage 5 as a "forced drainage". Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 This additional lateral drainage 5 of the seepage water 11 in the area of ​​the concrete elements designed as edge stone 12 or channel stone 13 is illustrated, so that the variably configurable drainage system E is comprehensible.

[0044] A suitable design of all the concrete elements BE shown ( Fig. 1 bis Fig. 13 ) stipulates that these parts can be formed entirely from an open-pored material, thus ensuring the in Fig. 2 The functional interaction of the substructure U, seepage water 11, and lateral drainage 5 shown can be optimized. This complete open porosity is also present in the ring-shaped concrete element BE' in Fig. 9 provided so that the lateral diversion 5 into a shaft assembly 14 is possible here.

[0045] It has been shown that, taking into account the stresses that occur in everyday use, F ( Fig. 2 ) the concrete elements BE, which are at least partially permeable to water – as well as the surface layer 3 consisting of paving stones – can be shaped with the necessary stability so that, despite a "porous" structure, the occurring fracture loads and / or flexural loads can be safely absorbed. Special shapes such as concrete elements BE in the form of L-shaped blocks (similar to: Fig. 12 The concrete elements can be manufactured using the porous concrete mix in such a way that unwanted damage to the concrete elements BE is avoided and water permeability is ensured. An advantageous solution is also achieved if the concrete elements BE are manufactured in the form of grass pavers, which, at least in the lower area – facing the bedding layer 2 – interact with the water-permeable drainage zone for lateral drainage 5.

[0046] From the cross-sectional views according to Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 bis 6 Different support systems are shown in the area of ​​the edge support structures ST, ST', whereby the stability of the surface layers 3 (paving stones, asphalt) installed in the area of ​​the usable surfaces N, N' is ensured in each case. It is intended that the stability of the respective frame concept is guaranteed by the installation conditions. For this purpose, variably designed back supports 15, 15' are preferably provided. Fig. 2 It becomes clear that in any case in the area of ​​the installation zone 4' a passage zone remaining as outlet band 16 below the back support 15' for the forced drainage of the heavy load area N' is formed and thus a reliably functioning drainage system E is built.

[0047] This makes the drainage system E so effective that unwanted accumulations of seepage water 11 in the area of ​​the base layer 1, the bedding layer 2 and the frost layer FS constructed as a frost protection layer are reliably avoided.

[0048] An advantageous implementation of the concept with "forced drainage" envisages that multi-layered concrete elements BE' made of a base material G ( Fig. 12 ) and can be formed from at least a porous concrete mixture. This water-absorbing and -carrying mixture is then optimally prepared as a variable drainage concrete layer 6 during the forming of the concrete element BE' in its height 7. Thus, the concrete element BE, BE' enables the variable installation heights EH ( Fig. 2 ) positionable installation zones 4, 4' on the layers of the substructure U, so that the drainage concrete layer 6 has an optimal position for lateral drainage 5. The boundary layer between the drainage concrete layer 6 and the adjacent gravel-sand mixture of the substructure is largely free of pressure loads, so that the water drainage is effective in the long term.

[0049] For the practical implementation of the drainage system E, it has been shown that the concrete elements BE, which have a water-permeable concrete layer 6 made of aerated concrete, can be easily adapted in their geometric dimensions (length, width, height) to the respective alternating loads in the area of ​​variably designed usable areas N, N' in terms of manufacturing technology.

[0050] This ensures that, within the area of ​​a support frame formed from the concrete elements BE – as a surface-bounding support structure ST, ST' – the horizontal direction of the transverse drainage 5 of accumulated water can be optimally defined for variable surface layers. In particular, it is intended that the drainage through the transverse drainage 5 from the load-bearing layer 1 and / or the bedding layer 2 takes place in a ground-side collection area 8 adjacent to the respective support frame ST, ST' of the system. For this purpose, different designs of collection areas 8 are available from the [reference to be added]. Fig. 3 bis 8 as can be seen in the illustrative diagrams.

[0051] It is provided that the designs of the respective receiving area 8 – which are also intended for the drainage of rainwater from the area of ​​the respective usable areas N, N' – are designed such that the lateral drainage 5 of the water from the area of ​​the load-bearing layer 1 and / or the bedding layer 2 is directed towards a drainage element 9 or similar drainage components that can be integrated into the drainage system E. In the illustrated kit variants, the drainage system E is designed to drain away seepage water 11 that penetrates under the surface layer 3. Fig. 8 It has been shown that the seepage water 11 that has previously accumulated on the long-term solidified load-bearing or bedding layer 1, 2 in every case ( Fig. 3 bis Fig. 9 ) with the horizontal transverse drainage 5 from the support frame ST, ST' of the support structure, and this functionally interacts with the drainage elements 9 (channel, trench, infiltration).

[0052] It is provided that the concrete elements BE installed in the area of ​​the support frame ST, ST' also include respective additional profiles 17 ( Fig. 4 : Edge 17, Fig. 7 These concrete elements BE may have transverse grooves 18). They interact with a stationary back support 15, which in turn must be adapted to the overall system.

[0053] From the overall view of the representations in Fig. 1 bis 13 It becomes clear that the concrete elements BE, with at least one water-permeable concrete layer 6, can be manufactured as a kerbstone, a gutter stone, an edge stone, a grass paver, an L-shaped stone, or a similar profiled component. Fig. 10 A channel stone with guide channel 19 and lower groove profiles 20, 20' is shown. The shaped stone according to Fig. 11 is designed as a T-piece for a branched trough channel 19', and the shaped stone according to Fig. 12 is provided with the shoulder-shaped edge 17.

[0054] With this multitude of elements, a modularly executable kit for the respective support structure ST, ST' is provided, enabling variable designs of sidewalks, parking areas and driving surfaces with road profiles ( Fig. 13 ) can be optimally implemented. These combined road profiles according to Fig. 13 This forms a trough-like cross-sectional contour (width W) bounded by the support profiles ST, ST', in which several drainage systems E, E' are then effective.

[0055] From the representation according to Fig. 14 An advantageous further development of a second drainage system E‴ is presented. In all of the following ( Fig. 15 bis Fig. 38 In the variants of this system E described above, the advantages regarding efficient, targeted drainage of surface water are also realized.

[0056] The improved concept is aimed at ensuring that the respective profiled components in the form of kerbstones, edge stones or gutter stones 12, 13 ( Fig. 1 ) interact with a foundation block 30, 30' that engages longitudinally underneath it (according to the drawing plane). This foundation block 30, 30' is - unlike the base part 15 in Fig. 1 - also made from a concrete mixture that is at least partially permeable to water. Optimal profiles of the foundation blocks 30, 30' (sectional views, in particular) are required. Fig. 15 bis Fig. 26 , Fig. 28 , Fig. 30 bis Fig. 38 conceivable.

[0057] This system, extending along the perimeter of two usable areas N and N', is constructed in such a way that the respective transverse or longitudinal driving loads or similar stresses F occurring in the area of ​​the component 12 can be absorbed by means of the arranged foundation blocks 30 by means of an effective load distribution LV in such a way that an advantageously low bedding pressure BD (referring to the bearing surface of the respective design of the foundation block 30 having a width FB, FB") is absorbed in the entire substructure.

[0058] This system of prefabricated foundation blocks (30, 30') is intended to modify the existing support structure, which is currently implemented according to the state of the art (DIN 1986-100; EN 12056-3) and is considered very unsafe under daily traffic loads. The aim is to efficiently improve the ST, ST' support structure – which is not well-suited for optimal water drainage – by using the usual cast-in-place concrete as a back support or similar, ensuring long-term stability at the roadside for more than 10 years, preferably more than 50 years.

[0059] In the according to Fig. 3 The illustrated design makes it clear that the foundation blocks 30 engage the respective component combination in a single layer in the longitudinal direction. It is also conceivable that the system is constructed with several layers of foundation blocks 30, 30', each defining a horizontal layer L1, L2 ( Fig. 15 ).

[0060] The overall view of the representations according to Fig. 14 and 15 This makes it clear that the components 12 or a support connection layer SL, SL' can in principle be placed directly on the respective water-permeable precast foundation block 30. Additionally, in Fig. 15 The two layers L1 and L2 of the foundation blocks 30, 30' are shown lying directly on top of each other, clearly showing the complex support connection layer SL'.

[0061] An optimal design of this improved kit 1 with the foundation block 30 provides that a profile P, P', P", NF, which defines a positive-locking connection structure for the associated and combined components 12, 13, can also be provided in its area ( Fig. 30 bis Fig. 38 These profiles P or tongue-and-groove connectors NF are particularly common in Fig. 17 , Fig. 23 bis Fig. 26 , Fig. 28 and Fig. 30 until Fig. 38 indicated in varying versions.

[0062] The raised sections or profiles P are already advantageous in certain segments (partial sections). This allows for the integration of shear force stabilization into the system with minimal effort. Tongue-and-groove connections (not shown) are also possible between the precast foundations, between the channel stones, or between the curbs.

[0063] A further improvement involves forming a water-permeable support connection layer SL in the form of a C12 / 15 concrete layer between the components 12, 13 of the support system ST, which are designed as known "standard series parts," and at least one precast foundation block 30, 30'. This support connection layer SL can advantageously also be designed as an adhesive layer, at least at specific points (not shown).

[0064] An extension of the concept according to Fig. 14 is in Fig. 15 The diagram shows the support connection layer SL being formed from a water-permeable cast-in-place concrete layer. This cast-in-place concrete structure is designed so that only a partial area TB of a larger width FB of the foundation system is covered with the precast blocks 30 or 30'. In this process, Fig. 14 It is clear that in this area, by appropriately dimensioning both a variable height H and a variable width FB, the respective directions within the load distributions LV (indicated by arrows) can be predetermined and adjusted to an optimal angle W. This allows the bedding pressure BD to be calculated so that the stresses F are transferred into the substructure U largely without hardening, thus maintaining long-term water permeability. The planned bedding pressure BD in the substructure at the low points under channels and curbs should be lower than the bedding pressure in the main traffic area. Precast concrete elements do not undergo post-compaction due to traffic loads.

[0065] In the illustrated version, the support connection position SL has a trapezoidal profile shape that tapers upwards, with respective contact flanks AF.

[0066] Based on this basic concept ( Fig. 1 , Fig. 2 ; Fig. 14 , Fig. 15 ) the installation of foundation blocks 30, 30' that are at least partially water-permeable are shown in the following embodiments according to Fig. 16 bis Fig. 38 Further applications are described. These are based on the installation instructions according to DIN 18318 and result in a significant improvement. The drainage channels, edge restraints, paving, kerbs, etc. shown in the DIN and EN standards can all be combined in varying positions with the inventive precast foundation block 30, 30', so that, in deviation from DIN 18318, also the gutters and edges are partially or completely permeable to water, layers formed from the prefabricated foundation blocks are permeable to water and / or the locally constructed foundations or foundation strips in the form of mortar adjustments (ML) are permeable to water.

[0067] In the views according to Fig. 27 bis 29 The system is combined with a GW fabric layer that engages the curbstone as an additional support surface. The fabric layer can be partially glued to the precast element, transported to the construction site, and then laid out in the illustrated undercutting position.

[0068] This allows water penetrating from the driving surfaces N, N' to be advantageously and quickly drained into deeper layers of the substructure U. It is provided that the visible upper surfaces of the respective components 12, 13 (according to manufacturing standards) can also be constructed with a dense structure. This reduces harmful influences on the overall system in the form of abrasion, soiling, frost adhesion, and weathering. As the depth of a given installation layer of the water-permeable components increases, their pore size, which is relevant for water absorption, can increase again, since the ingress of fine sand particles is prevented.

[0069] Based on the details discussed above and already marked with corresponding abbreviations (which are not all repeated below) in the area of ​​the foundation block 30, 30' according to Fig. 14 and 15 The illustrations in Fig. 16 bis 21 Further variations of the components or variations of the on-site installation. In Fig. 16 A mortar layer ML, extending beneath the upper component 12, becomes apparent. This mortar layer ML, to be applied on site, is also found in... Fig. 17 bis 19 The respective foundation block 30 is provided. This is available in the versions according to Fig. 17 and 18The system is provided with a profile P, shown here in a "trough-like" shape. A defined installation position is specified as a "forced position" for the mortar ML to be applied on site, thus optimizing the quality of this system, as the installation can be largely controlled independently of the installer's qualifications.

[0070] In Fig. 20 und 21 Unclaimed variants are shown, in which the water permeability in the lower area of ​​an on-site location ( Fig. 9 ) or is indicated in a single-piece component 12' with respective pore structures 31.

[0071] To optimize the assembly situation, it is planned that 30, 30' different profiled foundation blocks will be installed simultaneously with the respective prefabricated foundation blocks ( Fig. 14 , Fig. 15 , Fig. 23 bis 38 A prepared "assembly aid" in the form of a ready-mixed product supplied in bags is delivered. This is prepared according to the designed concrete strength (C12 / 15, C30 / 37 ... up to C100 / 115) so that, by adding water on site or adding water and an optimal type of binder, the water-permeable components can be installed flawlessly and this installation situation can be effectively controlled.

[0072] In the exemplary embodiments according to Fig. 22 bis 24 The respective building elements BE, designed as kerbstone 17, are combined with the water-permeable system.

[0073] Fig. 22 This shows that in the area of ​​the driving surface N, indicated by a wheel 32, a channel is constructed facing the edge towards the usable area N', beneath which the "mortar layer ML" can be located, consisting of ready-mix concrete processed on site with a profile P in the form of a back support 33. The precast foundation block 30 installed below – in the frost protection layer FS – has a trapezoidal cross-section. In the execution according to Fig. 23 The foundation block 30 is itself provided with the back support 33', in the area of ​​which the kerbstone 17 is positioned precisely on site by means of the "thinner" mortar layer ML. Fig. 24 The foundation block 30, which has the back support 33" as a mounting hook, is combined with two mortar layers ML and ML' and a second block 30'.

[0074] A similar construction is shown in the respective versions in Fig. 25 und 26 , where here the foundation block 30 with back support 33‴ (similar) Fig. 24 ) is provided. In Fig. 25 The design of the back support 33‴ on the foundation block 30 is modified, and in Fig. 26 An additional layer of concrete 34 is installed in the frost protection layer of the system to support the precast foundation block 30.

[0075] From the representations according to Fig. 27 bis 33 This results in further design features, which are particularly aimed at absorbing the driving load according to arrow F onto a respective L-shaped back support 35. This back support 35 can be flush with the upper paving level 3 or installed in a covered position ( Fig. 30 , Fig. 32 ) are installed. In Fig. 27, 29 and 33Different connections of the system in the area of ​​the upper paving 3 are shown. In an advantageous version, the water-permeable soil structure 30 is provided with respective profiles PL ( Fig. 31 ), so that load distributions LV resulting from the pressure load according to arrow F can be transferred into the system without displacement. In a design according to Fig. 38 Below a trough channel 13', a force is indicated by an arrow FW. This horizontal component can be securely accommodated in the area of ​​a support structure designed as a tongue-and-groove connection NF.

[0076] In Fig. 34 bis 37Further applications of floor drains 36 are shown, which are also combined with the water-permeable system featuring the foundation blocks 30. The concept provides that the load transfer LV described above is also possible in the area of ​​the channel components 37. In particular, it is conceivable that a water-permeable wall structure 38 can also be implemented in the area of ​​a road drain 38. GT shows the use of a cast component in conjunction with the floor drain 36. It is conceivable that the drains 36 are provided with a watertight layer in the inner area DS. This layer can also be designed to be water-absorbent DS', whereby the structure prevents dirt absorption and only allows water from the channel, the pavement, or both the channel and pavement to drain into the deeper layers.

[0077] For reasons of optimal load distribution and unaffected water drainage, it is planned to shape the channel stones, which have a commercially available height of 10 cm, 12 cm or 14 cm, with height dimensions of more than 20 cm, preferably 27 cm and more.

[0078] The overall concept of the aforementioned construction kit ensures that no further compaction due to traffic loads (F) is possible in the area of, or directly on, the prefabricated foundation blocks 30, 30' and the associated supporting and connecting structures, thus ensuring the long-term stability and permeability of the "displacement-free" system. The dimensions, namely the overall height (HG) and width (FB) of the individual components, as well as the respective width of the foundation, are calculated in such a way that the bedding beneath the foundation is not compacted and that water permeability remains verifiable even after 50 years of traffic load. (Regarding Fig. 13a)

[0079] A) According to RStO 12 According to DIN 18318 B) ZTV Wegebau, not road traffic areas C) Pedestrian / cycle path Bk0.3 D) Roadway Bk1.8 E) Roadway Bk3.2 F) Parking area Bk1.0 G) Usage category N 1 (X) 27 to 45 cm 80 MN / m 2< Pedestrian / cycle path, terrace, garden paths H) Usage category N 2 (X) 30 to 65 cm 100 MN / m 2< Driveable up to 3.5 ton total weight, garage access I) Usage category N 3 (X) 32 to 65 cm 100 MN / m 2< Occasional Access with up to 5.0 ton wheel load, escape routes, fire brigade access J) (X) min. thickness frost-resistant superstructure K) XX MN / m 2< corresponds to Ev2 deformation modulus L) the deeper a layer lies, the lower the required deformation modulus Ev 2 the less traffic load occurs, the lower the required deformation modulus Ev 2 the lower the deformation modulus, the more porous and water-permeable a layer can be.Ev 2 increases rapidly and significantly with immediate use, while ki decreases considerably (construction traffic, paved surfaces). The minimum thickness of the frost-resistant pavement structure above the top of the paving depends, among other things, on the subsoil / frost susceptibility classes according to ZTV E Stb and the frost action zones according to map RStO. c1) 120 MN / m² < c2) 100 MN / m² < c3) 45 MN / m² < c4) Surface course 8 cm c5) Bedding 3-5 cm c6) Base course 15 cm c7) Min. thickness of frost-resistant pavement structure ≥27+18=45 cm d1) 150 MN / m² < d2) 120 MN / m² < d3) 45 MN / m² < d4) Surface course 10 cm d5) Bedding 3-5 cm d6) Base course 25 cm d7) Min. thickness of frost-resistant pavement ≥39+26=65 cm e1) 180 MN / m² < e2) 120 MN / m² < e3) 45 MN / m² < e4) Surface course 10 cm e5) Bedding 3-5 cm e6) Base course 25 cm e7) Min. thickness of frost-resistant pavement ≥39+26=65 cm f1) 150 MN / m² < f2) 120 MN / m² < f3) 45 MN / m² < f4) Surface course 8 cm f5) Bedding 3-5 cm f6) Base course 20 cm f7) Min. thickness of frost-resistant pavement ≥32+33=65 cm.

Claims

1. Drainage system (E‴) comprising a substructure (U), a top layer (3) and a kit with concrete elements (BE), , wherein the substructure (U) prepared on the ground side consisting of a solidified supporting layer (1) and a bedding layer (2) located above it supports the top layer (3) forming an upper usable area (N, N'), which comprises at least an edge-side support structure (ST, ST') from the concrete elements (BE) as components (12, 13) that can be variably profiled and dimensioned, wherein the concrete elements (BE) at least in the region of their abutment zone (4,4') assigned to the supporting layer. (1) and / or to the the bedding layer (2) are provided with a drainage concrete layer (6) permeable to water at least in areas , where the respective layer(s) adjoining the drainage concrete layer (6) or layers of the substructure (U) are provided with or can be provided with a permanent forced drainage with horizontal transverse drainage (5) below the top layer (3), characterised in thata water-permeable prefabricated foundation brick (30, 30') underpinning the components of the upper deck layer (3) is integrated as a laying element in the water-permeable support structure (ST, ST').

2. Drainage system (E‴) according to claim 1, characterised in that the concrete elements (BE) are completely formed from an open-pore material.

3. Drainage system (E‴) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the multi-layered concrete elements (BE) in the cross-section are formed from a base material (G) and at least one pile-porous concrete mixture and this defines, as a drainage concrete layer (6), a boundary layer in the region of vertical contact zones (4, 4') at the layers (1, 2) of the substructure (U).

4. Drainage system (E‴) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the concrete elements (BE) with the at least one water-permeable concrete layer are designed as a curb, a channel stone, a kerb stone, a lawn paving block, an L-shaped stone, or a similar profiled component, and together with these, the support structure (ST, ST') forms a modularly executable construction kit.

5. Drainage system (E‴) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the substructure (U) combined with the drainage system (E, E') in the area of the support layer (1) and / or the bedding layer (2) is manufactured having a load-bearing class lower than the implementation standard according to the guidelines for the standardisation of the superstructure of traffic areas, such that the subsequently occurring loads (F,F') on the usable areas (N, N') provided with the drainage system (E, E') result in a defined reinforcement of the substructure (U).

6. Drainage system (E‴) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the substructure (U) in the region of the support layer (1) and the bedding layer (2) is provided with a gravel-fine sand combination which, in interaction with the drainage system (E, E'), results in optimum filter stability in the drainage region.

7. Drainage system (E‴) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that, with the respective water-permeable prefabricated foundation bricks (30, 30') underpinning the profiled upper components in the form of curbstones, edge stones or gutter stones (12, 13), driving loads or similar stresses (F) can be absorbed by means of a targeted load distribution (LV) and are introduced with bedding pressure (BD) into the region of the substructure (U) largely without having a solidifying effect on these.

8. Drainage system (E‴) according to claim 7, characterised in that the prefabricated foundation blocks (30, 30') undercut the respective superordinate component at least in certain areas in a single layer, thereby forming a multi-layer drainage system with several prefabricated foundation blocks (30, 30') that define respective water-permeable horizontal layers (L1, L2).

9. Drainage system (E‴) according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the components (12, 13) are placed directly on the water-dissipating prefabricated foundation block (30), wherein at least one tongue-and-groove profiling (NF) is provided for lateral force stabilisation.

10. Drainage system (E‴) according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterised in that the two layers (L1, L2) of the prefabricated foundation blocks (30, 30') lie directly on top of each other or in that a support connection layer (SL) permeable to water at least in areas is provided between the upper component (12, 13) and the at least one prefabricated foundation block (30, 30').

11. Drainage system (E‴) according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterised in that the prefabricated foundation blocks (30, 30') and / or the support connection layer (SL) are provided with at least one profiling (P, P', P", NF) that forms a force-locking and / or positive-locking connection structure for the associated component, such that a controllable connection state is necessarily established for the on-site assembly process.

12. Drainage system (E‴) according to claim 11, characterised in that the support connection layer (SL) is designed at least in areas as an adhesive layer or mortar layer (ML) or the support connection layer (SL') is formed from water-permeable in-situ concrete and this covers only a partial area (TB) of the width (FB) of the prefabricated foundation block (30, 30').

13. Drainage system (E"') according to any one of claims 7 to 12, characterised in that the support connection layer (SL, SL') has a trapezoidal upwardly tapered cross-sectional profile shape with respective contact flanks (AF) for the support layer (1) of the substructure (U).