STATOR WITH OFFSET PINS FOR AN ELECTRIC MACHINE

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a stator with offset pins for an electrical machine, in particular an electric motor. State of the art

[0002] Electric machines are well known and are increasingly being used as electric motors to power vehicles. An electric machine consists of a stator and a rotor.

[0003] The stator comprises a multitude of slots in which the windings are guided. The windings can be formed from insulated copper rods, known as pins. The rotor is located inside the stator and is connected to a rotor shaft.

[0004] Such a pin, UPin or hairpin motor is known for example from DE 11 2013 006 691 T5, DE 10 2010 053 719 A1, EP 3 096 441 A1, US 2011 / 0025162 A1, WO 2012 / 072754 A2 or

[0005] US 9,136,738 B2 known. Task and solution

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a stator according to claim 1 with windings made of pins, which is easy to manufacture.

[0007] According to the invention, a stator for an electrical machine comprises a plurality of pins which are arranged on concentric circles at different distances from a stator center in slots in the stator, and each concentric circle forms a layer, wherein six pins in different layers are connected to one another in series and form a winding, a first pin of the winding is located in a first slot in the 6n-1 layer, where n is a natural number, a second pin of the winding is located in a second slot in the 6n layer, wherein the second slot has a first radial distance in a first circumferential direction of the stator from the first slot, a third pin of the winding is located in the first slot in the 6n-2 layer, a fourth pin of the winding is located in the second slot in the 6n-3 layer, a fifth pin is located in the first slot in the 6n-5 layer, and a sixth pin of the winding is located in the second slot in the 6n-4 layer.

[0008] A winding can also revolve around the teeth multiple times. The layers can be numbered in ascending order from the outside to the center of the stator. The number zero is not one of the natural numbers mentioned above.

[0009] A stator with the winding according to the invention is easy to manufacture and generates an efficient electromagnetic field. The connection types establish an electrically conductive connection between the pins in the slots. The connection type can be welding conductors to the pins, or the pins can already be formed as double pins, so-called upins, and thus establish a connection upon insertion into the stator. Welding pin end sections bent toward each other also represents a connection type.

[0010] According to the invention, the stator has a first end face and a second end face, and the first pin and the second pin on the second end face are connected to one another by means of a first type of connection, the second pin and the third pin on the first end face are connected to one another by means of a second type of connection, the third pin and the fourth pin on the second end face are connected to one another by means of a third type of connection, the fourth pin and fifth pin on the first end face are connected to one another by means of a fourth type of connection, the fifth pin and the sixth pin on the second end face are connected to one another by means of a fifth type of connection, the first, second, third, fourth and fifth types of connection being different from one another.

[0011] The different connection types enable improved manufacturing. Alternating the connection types on different end faces enables efficient formation of a winding around the stator teeth located between the slots.

[0012] Even connection types on the same end face of the stator can differ due to different bending directions of a pin base to the inner or outer side of the stator.

[0013] According to the invention, the stator has at least two windings and at least the sixth pin in the second slot is connected to a seventh pin in the 6n-1 layer in a third slot by means of a sixth connection type.

[0014] A combination of the previously mentioned connection types on different or identical stator faces is also possible. Using the same connection type on the same faces and different connection types on different faces of the stator allows for simple and fast production. For example, on one face, the connection is made using a type of pre-bent pin, so-called double pins or upins, while on another face of the stator, individual pins or one side of the double pin is welded together. The welding points can be located at the bases of the pins or double pins.

[0015] Preferably, the pin at the beginning of a winding can be an end pin, with the first end pin being configured as a single pin. A single pin is, for example, an IP pin.

[0016] According to the invention, the first distance between the third groove and the second groove is the same as between the second groove and the first groove.

[0017] According to the invention, the stator has a plurality of windings which extend over the entire circumference of the stator and thereby form a partial coil.

[0018] The rotating field generated by such a winding exhibits fewer disruptive harmonics, resulting in less torque ripple and smaller torque fluctuations, as well as improved NVH performance. The windings exhibit symmetry, which creates a uniform rotating field.

[0019] In one embodiment of the invention, the end pins at the beginning or end of a coil can be configured as individual pins. An individual pin is, for example, an IP pin.

[0020] In a further embodiment, one pin of each of three partial coils can be connected to one another using a seventh connection type or an eighth connection type, forming a coil (201, 202). These pins can be so-called end pins, as they mark the end of a partial coil.

[0021] Preferably, the partial coils can form six coils and be assigned to three phases in such a way that the pins of two coils assigned to the same phase are located in three adjacent slots.

[0022] Further preferably, one input of each end pin of two coils can be connected to each other by means of a ninth type of connection.

[0023] Preferably, one output of each end pin of the two coils can be connected to each other and the two coils can thereby be connected in parallel and in particular assigned to one phase.

[0024] The ninth type of connection can be made by a conductor attached to the pins or by a conductive ring.

[0025] The two coils can be connected in parallel and can also be powered by the same phase. The parallel connection can be achieved by connecting a first and seventh or sixth and twelfth end pin in pairs.

[0026] Two coils in equal slots can be connected in parallel and fed from one phase, forming a stator with windings for a three-phase electrical machine.

[0027] Furthermore, two phases can each have a nearly identical current and voltage profile, allowing a six-phase inverter to drive only one three-phase motor. This arrangement enables current sharing among the switching elements in the inverter.

[0028] Preferably, the second type of connection may comprise a first double pin formed from the second pin and the third pin, wherein the first double pin has two inwardly bent pin feet, each with a welding point, and bridges the first radial distance.

[0029] The double pin may consist of a rod that is bent to form two pins, a connection between these two pins at a first end, and pin feet at a second end.

[0030] The double pin can be inserted into the stator from one end and welded to the pin feet of another double pin on the other end.

[0031] The first distance describes the number of slots to be bridged. The actual spatial distance to be bridged depends on the position of the pin in the layer, because the double pins connect different layers.

[0032] More preferably, the fourth type of connection may comprise a second double pin formed from the fourth pin and the fifth pin, wherein the second double pin has two inwardly bent pin feet, each with a welding point, and bridges the first radial distance.

[0033] In one embodiment of the invention, the sixth type of connection may comprise a third double pin formed from the sixth pin and the seventh or ninth pin, wherein the third double pin has two outwardly bent pin feet, each with a welding point, and bridges the first radial distance.

[0034] Preferably, the seventh type of connection may comprise a fourth double pin formed from a second or fourth end pin and a third or fifth end pin, wherein the fourth double pin has two outwardly bent pin feet, each with a welding point, and bridges a second radial distance.

[0035] More preferably, the eighth type of connection may comprise a fifth double pin formed from an eighth or tenth end pin and a ninth or eleventh end pin, wherein the fifth double pin has two inwardly bent pin feet, each with a welding point, and bridges a second radial distance.

[0036] In one embodiment of the invention, a first single pin may comprise a first end pin and have a clockwise bent pin base with a weld point.

[0037] In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a second single pin may comprise a sixth end pin and have a pin base bent counterclockwise with a welding point.

[0038] Preferably, a third single pin may comprise a seventh end pin and have a counterclockwise bent pin base with a weld point.

[0039] More preferably, a fourth single pin may comprise a twelfth end pin and have a clockwise bent pin base with a weld point.

[0040] In one embodiment, the first type of connection can be formed by a welded connection of a first weld point on the pin base of the third double pin or the fourth double pin or the first single pin with a second weld point on the pin base of the first double pin or the fifth double pin or the third single pin.

[0041] Preferably, the third type of connection can be formed by a welded connection of a third weld point on the pin base of the first double pin or the fifth double pin with a fourth weld point on the pin base of the second double pin.

[0042] More preferably, the fifth type of connection can be formed by a welded connection of a fifth welding point on the pin base of the second double pin with a sixth welding point on the pin base of the third double pin or the fourth double pin or the second single pin.

[0043] According to the invention, a vehicle has an electric machine with a stator according to one of the preferred embodiments. Character description

[0044] Figure 1 shows a stator. Figure 2 shows a stator with six slots and six layers. Figure 3 shows a winding diagram of a first partial coil. Figure 4 shows a winding diagram of a second partial coil. Figure 5 shows a winding diagram of a third partial coil. Figure 6 shows a stator with three partial coils and their connection to each other and thus a first coil. Figure 7 shows a winding diagram of another first partial coil. Figure 8shows a winding diagram of another second partial coil. Figure 9 shows a winding diagram of another third partial coil. Figure 10 shows a stator with three further partial coils and their connection to each other and thus a second coil. Figure 11 shows a stator with two coils, each consisting of three sub-coils. Figure 12 shows a stator with two additional coils. Figure 13 shows a stator with two additional coils. Figure 14 shows a stator with six coils. Figure 15 shows a winding diagram of a first coil. Figure 16 shows a winding diagram of a second coil. Figure 17 shows two single pins. Figure 18 shows two single pins. Figure 19 a first double pin. Figure 20 a second double pin. Figure 21 a third double pin. Figure 22 a fourth double pin. Figure 23 a fifth double pin. Figure 24shows a vehicle with an electric machine, in particular an electric motor with a stator.

[0045] Figure 1 shows a stator 1 with a plurality of slots 5 in which pins 2, 3 are guided. The stator 1 has a first end face 7 and an opposite second end face 9. Of course, a rotor is also necessary for the operation of an electrical machine.

[0046] Figure 2 shows a stator 1 with slots and pins on six layers, where only six slots 51 - 56 are shown. Pins 21 - 28 are arranged in the slots as examples. The pins are located next to each other in a slot. In the example of the Figure 2There is room for six adjacent pins in a slot. The six pins within a slot are thus located on different concentric circles L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 around the center point M of the stator, forming individual layers. Between each two slots there is a first distance 11, which is Figure 2 shown grooves are identical.

[0047] Figure 3 shows the stator 1 from Figure 2 The pins are still arranged on concentric circles, i.e. layers, although the concentric circles are not shown for better visualization. Figure 3It is shown which pins are connected in series. A first pin 21 is located in a first groove 51 in layer L5. This first pin 21 is connected by means of a first connection type 61, shown as a solid line, to a second pin 22 in a second groove 52. The second pin 22 is located in layer L6. Between the first groove 51 and the second groove 52 there is a first distance 11 which is the same length as the first distance 11 from Figure 2 is.

[0048] The second pin 22 is connected to a third pin 23 in the first slot 51 by means of a second connection type 62, shown as a dashed line. The third pin 23 is located in layer L4 and in the same slot as the first pin 21. The third pin 23 is connected to a fourth pin 24 by means of a third connection type 63, shown as a dotted line with very short spacing. The fourth pin 24 is located in the second slot 52, i.e., in the same slot as the second pin 22. The fourth pin 24 is located in layer L3.

[0049] The fourth pin 24 is connected to a fifth pin 25 in the first slot 51 by means of a fourth connection type 64, shown as a dashed line with long spaces. The fifth pin 25 is in turn located in the first slot 51, i.e. in the same slot as the first pin 21 and the third pin 23. The fifth pin 25 is in layer L1. Between the third pin 23 and the fifth pin 25 in the first slot 51 there is space for two more pins in layers L2 and L3. There is also space in the first slot 51 for one more pin in layer L6. The fifth pin 25 is connected to a sixth pin 26 by means of a fifth connection type 65, shown as a dotted line with long spaces. The sixth pin 26 is in the second slot 52, i.e. the same slot as the second pin 22 and fourth pin 24. The sixth pin 26 is in layer L2. Between the second pin 22 and the fourth pin 24 there is still space in the second groove 52 for two more pins in the layers L4 and L5.There is also space in the second slot 52 for another pin in layer L1.

[0050] The connection of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth pins forms a first turn 41. The first pin 21 is also a first end pin. This end pin 21 has an input 101 for connecting a power source, such as an inverter. The first end pin 21 is therefore only connected to one other pin, the second pin 22. The first end pin 21 can thus be configured as a so-called single pin or Ipin.

[0051] The sixth pin 26 is connected via a sixth connection type 66, shown as a dotted line with short spacing, to a seventh pin 27 in layer L5 in a third slot 53. The seventh pin 27 begins the previously described serial connection of the subsequent pins in the stator again, with the seventh pin 27 being similar to the first pin 21, except that the slot is offset by 120 degrees. Unlike the first pin 21, the seventh pin 27 is not an end pin, as the seventh pin 27 is connected to two other pins: the sixth pin 26 and another pin in slot 54, layer L1.

[0052] The serial connection of the seventh pin 27 with further pins in the groove 54 forms a second turn 42. The first, second, third, fourth and fifth connection types 61 - 65 between these pins are identical to the respective first, second, third, fourth and fifth connection types 61 - 65 of the pins of the first turn 41.

[0053] The two windings 41, 42 are connected by the sixth connection type 66. Continuing the serial connection, the third winding 43 is formed in two additional slots 55 and 56. The windings 41, 42, and 43 are each connected by the sixth connection type 66. The sixth connection type 66 between the respective windings is thus identical. The first, second, third, fourth, and fifth connection types 61-65 between the pins of the third winding 43 are also identical to the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth connection types 61-65 of the first and second windings 41, 42.

[0054] By continuing the serial connection, the fourth winding 44 is formed in two additional slots 57 and 58. The windings 41, 42, 43, and 44 are each connected to the sixth connection type 66. The sixth connection type 66 between the respective windings is thus identical. The first, second, third, fourth, and fifth connection types 61-65 between the pins of the fourth winding 44 are also identical to the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth connection types 61-65 of the first, second, and third windings 41, 42, and 43.

[0055] The four windings 41, 42, 43, 44 form a first partial coil by rotating clockwise around the stator 1.

[0056] The first pin 21 further has an input 101 for connecting a power source. The first pin 21 of the winding 41 thus represents a first end pin. The partial coil ends with pin 28 of the third winding 43. The last pin 28 of the third winding 43 thus represents a second end pin. However, in contrast to the first end pin 21, the second end pin 28 has connections to two further pins, as described in connection with Figure 6 explained.

[0057] Figure 4 shows the stator 1 from Figure 3 , where six further grooves 71 - 76 are shown, which are in direct proximity to the grooves 51 - 56 of Figure 3 The distance 11 has the same length as in Figure 3 on.

[0058] Pins 21a - 28a are connected in the same way as pins 21 - 28 of the Figure 3 Even the connection type is identical to the Figure 3 and are indicated by the same reference numerals. In the same way as Figure 3 described, the windings 41a, 42a, 43a are formed and are connected to each other in a clockwise direction by the sixth connection type 66.

[0059] The three windings 41a, 42a, 43a form a second partial coil by circulating around the stator 1. The partial coil begins with a pin 21a, which is a third end pin. However, in contrast to the first end pin 21, the third end pin 21a has connections to two further pins, as in connection with Figure 6 explained. The partial coil ends with pin 28a of winding 43a. The last pin 28a of winding 43a thus represents a fourth end pin 28a.

[0060] Figure 5 shows the stator 1 from Figure 3 and 4 , where six further grooves 81 - 86 are shown, which are located in the immediate vicinity of the grooves 71 - 76 of Figure 4 The distance 11 has the same length as in Figure 3 on.

[0061] Pins 21b - 28b are connected in the same way as pins 21 - 28 of the Figure 3 and pins 21a - 28a of the Figure 4 Even the connection type is identical to the Figures 3 and 4 and are indicated by the same reference numerals. In the same way as Figure 3 and 4 As described above, the windings 41b, 42b, 43b are formed and are connected to each other in a clockwise direction by the sixth connection type 66.

[0062] The three windings 41b, 42b, 43b form a third partial coil by circulating around the stator 1. The partial coil begins with a pin 21b, which is a fifth end pin. However, in contrast to the first end pin 21, the fifth end pin 21b has connections to two further pins, as in connection with Figure 6explained. The partial coil ends with pin 28b of winding 43b. The last pin 28b of winding 43b thus represents a sixth end pin. The sixth end pin 28b, in turn, is designed similarly to the first end pin 21, for example, as a single pin or I pin, and has an output 103 for connecting a power source.

[0063] Figure 6 shows a pin assignment through the first, second and third partial coil from Figure 3 , 4 and 5 , which are represented by black squares. The same reference numerals indicate the same pins, grooves, and connections in the figures.

[0064] The second end pin 28 of the third turn 43 of the first partial coil in slot 56, layer L2, and the third end pin 21a of the first turn 41a of the second partial coil in slot 71, layer L5, are connected to a seventh connection type 67. The seventh connection type overcomes a second distance 13, which is one slot shorter than the first distance 11. The fourth end pin 28a of the turn 43a of the second partial coil in slot 76, layer L5, and the fifth end pin 21b of the first turn 41b of the third partial coil in slot 81, layer L2, are connected to a seventh connection type 67. The seventh connection type overcomes the second distance 13.

[0065] Thus, the seventh connection type 67 connects two partial coils each, with three partial coils forming a first coil 201 with an input 101 and an output 103 after three radial revolutions around the stator in a clockwise direction.

[0066] Figure 7 shows the stator 1 from Figure 2The pins are still arranged on concentric circles, i.e., layers, although the concentric circles are not shown for clarity. It shows which pins, represented as black squares on a white background, are connected in series and form a first partial coil of a second coil 202.

[0067] A first pin 31 is located in the first groove 51 in layer L6. The first pin 31 is also a seventh end pin 31. This end pin 31 has an input 105 for connecting a power source, for example an inverter. The seventh end pin 31 is therefore only connected to one other pin, i.e., a ninth pin 39. The seventh end pin 31 can thus be designed as a so-called single pin or I pin. The first pin 31, or seventh end pin, is connected by means of the first connection type 61, shown as a solid line, to a ninth pin 39 in a groove 56. The ninth pin 39 is located in layer L5. Between the first groove 51 and the groove 56 there is a first distance 11, which is the same length as the first distance 11 from Figure 2 is.

[0068] The ninth pin 39 is connected to a sixth pin 36 in a slot 55 by means of a sixth connection type 66, shown as a dotted line with short spacing. The sixth pin 36 is located in layer L2. The sixth pin 36 is connected to a fifth pin 35 in slot 54 by means of a fifth connection type 65, shown as a dotted line with long spacing. The fifth pin 35 is located in layer L1. The fifth pin 35 is connected to a fourth pin 34 in slot 55 by means of the fourth connection type 64, shown as a dashed line with long spacing.

[0069] The fourth pin 34 is connected to a third pin 33 via the third connection type 63, shown as a dotted line with very short spacing. The third pin 33 is located in slot 54. The third pin 33 is located in layer L4. The third pin 33 is connected to a second pin 32 in slot 55 via the second connection type 62, shown as a dashed line. The second pin 32 is located in layer L6. The second pin 32 is located in slot 55, the same slot as the fourth pin 34 and sixth pin 36. The second pin 32 is located in layer L6. Between the second pin 32 and the fourth pin 34 there is therefore still space in slot 55 for two further pins in layers L4 and L5. There is also still space in slot 55 for another pin in layer L1.

[0070] The second pin 32 is connected via the first connection type 61, shown as a solid line, to a seventh pin 37 in slot 54. The seventh pin 37 is located in layer L5. The seventh pin 37 is located in slot 54, i.e., in the same slot as the third pin 33 and fifth pin 35. Between the fifth pin 35 and the third pin 33 in slot 54, there is space for two more pins in layers L2 and L3. There is also space in slot 54 for another pin in layer L6.

[0071] The connection of the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh pins 32 - 37 forms a fourth turn 44.

[0072] The seventh pin 37 is connected to a tenth pin 36(2) via the sixth connection type 66, shown as a dotted line with short spacing. The tenth pin 36(2) is located in the third slot 53 in layer L2. With the tenth pin 36(2), the previously described serial connection of the subsequent pins in the stator begins again. The tenth pin 36(2) is similar to the sixth pin 36, with the slot offset by 120 degrees.

[0073] The serial connection of the tenth pin 36(2) with further pins in the second groove 52 forms a fifth turn 45. The first, second, third, fourth and fifth connection types 61 - 65 between these pins are identical to the respective first, second, third, fourth and fifth connection types 61 - 65 of the pins of the first to fourth turns 41 - 44.

[0074] The two windings 44, 45 are connected by the sixth connection type 66. By continuing the serial connection, the sixth winding 46 is completed in two further slots 51 and 56. The windings 44 - 46 are each connected to the sixth connection type 66. The sixth connection type 66 between the respective windings is thus identical. The first, third, fourth, and fifth connection types 61, 63 - 65 between the pins of the sixth winding 46 are also identical to the first, third, fourth, and fifth connection types 61, 63 - 65 of the previous windings 41 - 45. The sixth winding 46 is completed by a connection of an eighth connection type 68. This connection is in Figure 10 shown and is described in connection with this figure.

[0075] The four windings 45-48 form a first partial coil by rotating counterclockwise around the stator 1. The first partial coil of the second coil 202 ends with an eighth end pin 38.

[0076] Figure 8 shows the stator 1 from Figure 7 , where six further grooves 71 - 76 are shown, which are in direct proximity to the grooves 51 - 56 of Figure 7 Distance 11 has the same length as in the previous figures.

[0077] Pins 31a - 39a are connected in the same way as pins 31 - 39 of the Figure 7 Even the type of connection is identical to the previous figures and is indicated by the same reference numerals. In the same way as with Figure 7 described, the windings 44a, 45a, 46a are formed and are connected to each other in a clockwise direction by the sixth connection type 66.

[0078] The three windings 44a, 45a, 46a form a second partial coil by rotating counterclockwise around the stator 1. The partial coil begins with a pin 31a, which is a ninth end pin. However, the ninth end pin 31a, in contrast to the seventh end pin 31, has connections to two further pins, as described in connection with Figure 10 explained. The partial coil ends with pin 38a of winding 46a. Pin 38a of winding 46a thus represents a tenth end pin 38a. Furthermore, winding 46a has two end pins 31a, 38a.

[0079] Figure 9 shows the stator 1 from Figure 7 and 8 , where six further grooves 81 - 86 are shown, which are located in the immediate vicinity of the grooves 71 - 76 of Figure 8 The distance 11 has the same length as in the previous figures.

[0080] Pins 31b - 39b are connected in the same way as pins 31 - 39 of the Figure 7 and pins 31a - 39a of the Figure 8Even the type of connection is identical to the previous figures and is indicated by the same reference numerals. In the same way as with Figure 7 and 8 As described above, the windings 44b, 45b, 46b are formed and are connected to each other counterclockwise by the sixth connection type 66.

[0081] The three windings 44b, 45b, 46b form a third partial coil by circulating around the stator 1. The partial coil begins with a pin 31b, which is an eleventh end pin. However, the eleventh end pin 31b, in contrast to the seventh end pin 31, has connections to two further pins, as in connection with Figure 10 explained. The partial coil ends with pin 38b of winding 46b. Pin 38b of winding 46b thus represents a twelfth end pin. The twelfth end pin 38b, in turn, is designed similarly to the seventh end pin, for example, as a single pin or I pin, and has an output 107 for connecting a power source.

[0082] Figure 10 shows a pin assignment through the first, second and third partial coil of the second coil 202 from Figure 7 , 8 and 9 , represented by black squares on a white background. The same reference numerals indicate the same pins, grooves, and connections in the figures.

[0083] The eighth end pin 38 of turn 46 of the first coil sub-coil in slot 56, layer L3, and the ninth end pin 31a of turn 46a of the second coil sub-coil in slot 71, layer L1, are connected to an eighth connection type 68. The eighth connection type overcomes a second distance 13, which is one slot shorter than the first distance. The tenth end pin 38a of turn 46a of the second coil sub-coil in slot 76, layer L3, and the eleventh end pin 31b of turn 46b of the third coil sub-coil in slot 81, layer L1, are connected to the eighth connection type 68.

[0084] Thus, the eighth connection type 68 connects two partial coils each, with three partial coils forming the second coil 202 with an input 105 and an output 107 after three radial revolutions around the stator in a counterclockwise direction. A third distance 15 shown in the figure is two slots shorter than the first distance 11 from the previous figure. The blocks of the three adjacent slots occupied by the coil pins are each spaced the third distance 15 from each other.

[0085] Figure 11 shows the first coil 201 and the second coil 202 from the previous figures in a stator 1. The same reference numerals from the previous figures denote the same pins, grooves and connection types.

[0086] Figure 12 shows two additional coils, each formed by pins with a black dot and a white dot. The three sub-coils of the coil with the pins with white dots are connected according to the description of the Figures 3 - 6formed, with the grooves offset by 20 degrees clockwise. The three sub-coils of the coil with the pins with black dots are connected according to the Figures 7 - 10 formed, with the grooves rotated 20 degrees clockwise.

[0087] Figure 13 shows two additional coils, each formed by pins with a black cross and a white cross, respectively. The three sub-coils of the coil with the pins with white cross are connected according to the description of the Figures 3 - 6 formed, with the grooves offset by 40 degrees clockwise. The three sub-coils of the coil with the pins with black cross are connected according to the Figures 7 - 10 formed, with the grooves offset by 40 degrees clockwise.

[0088] Figure 14 shows a pinout through the six coils as a combination of the Figures 11 , 12 and 13. In particular, the position of the inputs 101, 105, 111, 115, 121, 125 and outputs 103, 107, 113, 117, 123, 127 shows that the coils can be interconnected within 24 slots. For the exemplary stator with 54 slots, the inputs and outputs can thus be interconnected within almost half of the stator circumference. Based purely on the inputs and outputs, separate interconnection would be possible within 13 slots.

[0089] Figure 15 shows the winding pattern of the three sub-coils of the first coil 201. The consecutive "slot number" is not a reference symbol. The reference symbols with arrows on the slots are identical to the previous figures and allow for comparison with these figures.

[0090] Figure 16shows the winding pattern of the three sub-coils of the second coil 202. The consecutive "slot number" is not a reference symbol. The reference symbols with arrows on the slots are identical to the previous figures and allow for comparison with these figures.

[0091] Figure 17 shows a first individual pin 211, also called an Ipin, on the left. In the center is the first end pin 21, which is arranged, for example, in the first slot 51, layer L5, of the stator. The reference numerals are identical to the previous figures. The first individual pin 211 is shown from the perspective of the stator center with the first end face 7 facing upward. At the lower end, the first individual pin 211 has a pin base 61a with a first weld point 231. At the upper end is the input 101, 111, 121.

[0092] Right in Figure 17A second individual pin 212 is shown. In the center is the sixth end pin 28b, which is arranged, for example, in the slot 86, layer L2, of the stator. The reference numerals are identical to the previous figures. The pins are shown from the perspective of the stator center with the first end face 7 facing upward. At the lower end, the second individual pin 212 has a pin base 65b with a sixth weld point 236. At the upper end is the output 103, 113, 123.

[0093] Figure 18shows a third individual pin 213, also called an Ipin, on the left. In the center is the seventh end pin 31, which is arranged, for example, in the first slot 51, layer L6, of the stator. The reference numerals are identical to the previous figures. The individual pin 213 is shown from the perspective of the stator center with the first end face 7 facing upward. At the lower end, the third individual pin 213 has a pin base 61b with a second weld point 232. At the upper end is the input 105, 115, 125.

[0094] Right in Figure 18A fourth individual pin 214 is shown. In the center is the twelfth end pin 38b, which is arranged, for example, in slot 86, layer L4, of the stator. The reference numerals are identical to the previous figures. The pins are shown from the perspective of the stator center with the first end face 7 facing upward. At the lower end, the fourth individual pin 214 has a pin base 63a with a third weld point 233. At the upper end is the output 107, 117, 127.

[0095] Figure 19 shows a first double pin 215 or Upin, which establishes the second connection type 62 between a second pin 22, 22a, 22b, 32, 32a, 32b and a third pin 23, 23a, 23b, 33, 33a, 33b. The double pin 215 can bridge the first distance 11 between the grooves. At the lower end, the double pin has two inwardly bent pin feet 63a, 61b with a third weld point 233 and a second weld point 232.

[0096] Figure 20shows a second double pin 216 or Upin, which establishes the fourth connection type 64 between a fifth pin 25, 25a, 25b, 35, 35a, 35b and a fourth pin 24, 24a, 24b, 34, 34a, 34b. The double pin 216 can bridge the first distance 11 between the grooves. At the lower end, the double pin has two inwardly bent pin feet 65a, 63b with a fifth weld point 235 and a fourth weld point 234.

[0097] Figure 21 shows a third double pin 217 or Upin, which establishes the sixth connection type 66 between a sixth pin 26, 26a, 26b, 36, 36a, 36b, 36(2), 36a(2), 36b(2) and a seventh or ninth pin 27, 27a, 27b, 37, 37a, 37b, 39, 39a, 39b. The third double pin 217 can bridge the first distance 11 between the grooves. At the lower end, the double pin has two outwardly bent pin feet 65b, 61a with a sixth weld point 236 and a first weld point 231.

[0098] The first distance 11 is identical only in terms of the number of slots to be bridged. The actual spatial distance to be bridged differs because the double pins connect different layers.

[0099] Figure 22 shows a fourth double pin 218 or Upin, which establishes the seventh connection type 67 between a second or fourth end pin 28, 28a and a third or fifth end pin 21a, 21b. The fourth double pin 218 can thus bridge the second distance 13 by one notch less than the first distance 11. At the lower end, the fourth double pin 218 has two outwardly bent pin feet 65b, 61a with a sixth weld point 236 and a first weld point 231.

[0100] Figure 23shows a fifth double pin 219 or Upin, which establishes the eighth connection type 68 between an eighth or tenth end pin 38, 38a and a ninth or eleventh end pin 31a, 31b. The fifth double pin 219 can thus bridge the second distance 13 by one notch less than the first distance 11. At the lower end, the fifth double pin 219 has two inwardly bent pin feet 63a, 61b with a third weld point 233 and a second weld point 232.

[0101] The various single and double pins in the Figures 17 to 23have similar pin feet. The first connection type 61 is formed by welding the first welding point 231 on pin foot 61a to the second welding point 232 on pin foot 61b according to the winding diagram. The third connection type 63 is formed by welding the third welding point 233 on pin foot 63a to the fourth welding point 234 on pin foot 63b according to the winding diagram. The fifth connection type 65 is formed by welding the fifth welding point 235 on pin foot 65a to the sixth welding point 236 on pin foot 65b according to the winding diagram. The individual pins are also connected to the double pins via the respective connection type, so that the pins encircle the stator as a continuous electrical conductor. Figure 24is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a vehicle 403, for example a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle, comprising an electric machine 401, in particular an electric motor, with an embodiment of the stator 1 for driving the vehicle 403. Furthermore, the vehicle 403 can have an inverter 405, which supplies the electric machine 401 with an alternating current from a direct current source. List of reference symbols

[0102] 1Stator 2, 3, 21-38bPin 5, 51 - 58, 71 - 78Slot 81 - 88, 91 - 96Slot 7First end face 9Second end face 11First distance 13Second distance 15Third distance 21First end pin 28Second end pin 21aThird end pin 28Avenged end pin 21bFifth end pin 28bSixth end pin 31Seventh end pin 38Eighth end pin 31ALower end pin 38aTenth end pin 31Avenged end pin 38bTwelfth end pin 41 - 46, 41a - 46a, 41b - 46bWinding 61First connection type 62Second connection type 63Third connection type 64Fourth connection type 65Fifth connection type 66sixth connection type 67seventh connection type 68eighth connection type 61a, b, 63a, b, 65a, bPin feet 101, 105, 111, 115, 121, 125Input 103, 107, 113, 117, 123,127Output 211First single pin 212Second single pin 213Third single pin 214Fourth single pin 215First double pin 216Second double pin 217Third double pin 218Fourth double pin 219Fifth double pin 231First weld point 232Second weld point 233Third weld point 234Fourth weld point 235Fifth weld point 236Sixth weld point 201First coil 202Second coil 401Electric machine 403Vehicle 405Inverter L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6Layer MStator center point,

Claims

1. Stator (1) for an electric machine (100), comprising a first end face (7), an opposite second end face (9), and a plurality of pins (21 - 26) which are disposed on concentric circles having different spacings from a stator centre (M) in slots (51 - 58, 71 - 78, 81 - 88) in the stator, each concentric circle forming a layer (L1 - L6); wherein - the stator (1) has at least two windings (41 - 43) which extend over the entire circumference of the stator (1) and in the process form a partial coil; - six pins (21 - 26) in different layers (L1 - L6) are in each case connected to one another in series and form one of the windings (41 - 43); - a first pin (21, 27) of the first winding (41) is located in a first slot (51, 53, 55) in the fifth layer (L5); - a second pin (22) of the first winding (41) is located in a second slot (52, 54, 56) in the sixth layer (L6) and is connected to the first pin (21) on the second end face (9) by means of a first connection type (61), wherein the second slot (52, 54, 56) has a first radial spacing (11) from the first slot (51, 53, 55) in a first circumferential direction of the stator (1); - a third pin (23) of the first winding (41) is located in the first slot (51, 53, 55) in the fourth layer (L4) and is connected to the second pin (22) on the first end face (7) by means of a second connection type (62); - a fourth pin (24) of the first winding (41) is located in the second slot (52, 54, 56) in the third layer (L3) and is connected to the third pin (23) on the second end face by means of a third connection type (63); - a fifth pin (25) of the first winding (41) is located in the first slot (51, 53, 55) in the first layer (L1) and is connected to the fourth pin (24) on the first end face (7) by means of a fourth connection type (64); - a sixth pin (26) of the first winding (41) is located in the second slot (52, 54, 56) in the second layer (L2) and is connected to the fifth pin (25) on the second end face by means of a fifth connection type (65); - a seventh pin (27) of the second winding (42) is located in the fifth layer (L5) in a third slot (53) and is connected to the sixth pin (26) by means of a sixth connection type (66); - wherein the first spacing (11) between the third slot (53) and the second slot (52, 54, 56) is the same as between the second slot and the first slot; - the serial connection of the pins following in the stator (1) begins again with the seventh pin (27); - the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth types of connection (61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66) are different from one another.

2. Stator (1) according to Claim 1, wherein provided are three partial coils which are connected to one another by means of a seventh connection type (67) or an eighth connection type (68) and form a coil (201, 202).

3. Stator (1) according to Claim 2, wherein the stator has three phases, wherein two coils (201, 202) are in each case assigned to one of the three phases in such a manner that the pins (21 - 38b) of two coils assigned to the same phase are located in three adjacent slots (51 - 56, 71 - 76, 81 - 86).

4. Stator (1) according to Claim 3, wherein one input (101, 105, 111, 115, 121, 125) of an end pin (21, 31) of two coils (201, 202) is in each case connected to one another by means of a ninth connection type.

5. Stator (1) according to Claim 4, wherein one output (103, 107, 113, 117, 123, 127) of an end pin (28b, 38b) of the two coils (201, 202) is in each case connected to one another, and the two coils (201, 202) as a result are connected in parallel.

6. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second connection type (62) comprises a first double pin (215) which is formed from the second pin (22, 22a, 22b, 32, 32a, 32b) and the third pin (23, 23a, 23b, 33, 33a, 33b), wherein the first double pin (215) has two inwardly bent pin feet (61b, 63a), which have in each case one weld point (233, 232), and bridges the first radial spacing (11).

7. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fourth connection type (64) comprises a second double pin (216), which is formed from the fourth pin (24, 24a, 24b, 34, 34a, 34b) and the fifth pin (25, 25a, 25b, 35, 35a, 35b), wherein the second double pin (216) has two inwardly bent pin feet (63b, 65b) which have in each case one weld point(235, 234), and bridges the first radial spacing (11).

8. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sixth connection type (66) comprises a third double pin (217), which is formed from the sixth pin (26, 26a, 26b, 36, 36a, 36b, 36(2), 36a(2), 36b(2)) and the seventh or ninth pin (27, 27a, 27b, 37, 37a, 37b, 39, 39a, 39b), wherein the third double pin (217) has two outwardly bent pin feet (61a, 65b), which have in each case one weld point (236, 231), and bridges the first radial spacing (11).

9. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the seventh connection type (67) comprises a fourth double pin (218), which is formed from a second or fourth end pin (28, 28a) and a third or fifth end pin (21, 21a), wherein the fourth double pin (218) has two outwardly bent pin feet (65b, 61a), which have in each case one weld point (236, 231), and bridges a second radial spacing (13).

10. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the eighth connection type (68) comprises a fifth double pin (219), which is formed from an eighth or tenth end pin (38, 38a) and a ninth or eleventh end pin (31a, 31b), wherein the fifth double pin (219) has two inwardly bent pin feet (63a, 61b), which have in each case one weld point (233, 232), and bridges a second radial spacing (13).

11. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a first single pin (211) comprises a first end pin (21) and has a pin foot (61a) which is bent clockwise and has a weld point (231).

12. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a second single pin (212) comprises a sixth end pin (28b) and has a pin foot (65b) which is bent anticlockwise and has a weld point (236).

13. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a third single pin (213) comprises a seventh end pin (31) and has a pin foot (61b) which is bent anticlockwise and has a weld point (232).

14. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a fourth single pin (214) comprises an twelfth end pin (38b) and has a pin foot (63a) which is bent clockwise and has a weld point (233).

15. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first connection type (61) is formed by a welded connection between a first weld point (231) at the pin foot (61a) of the third double pin (217), or of the fourth double pin (218) or of the first single pin (211), and a second weld point (232) at the pin foot (61b) of the first double pin (215), or of the fifth double pin (219) or of the third single pin (213).

16. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the third connection type (63) is formed by a welded connection between a third weld point (233) at the pin foot (63a) of the first double pin (215) or of the fifth double pin (219), and a fourth weld point (234) at the pin foot (63b) of the second double pin (216).

17. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fifth connection type (65) is formed by a welded connection between a fifth weld point (235) at the pin foot (65a) of the second double pin (216) and a sixth weld point (236) at the pin foot (65b) of the third double pin (217), or of the fourth double pin (218) or of the second single pin (212).

18. Vehicle (403) having an electric machine (401) with a stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims.