Component comprising base part, additional part and top layer of paint, as well as method for manufacturing such a component

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a component, in particular for a vehicle, comprising a base part, a top layer of paint applied thereto, and an additional part. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing such a component. STATE OF THE ART

[0002] Components with a base part and a top coat of paint applied to its front are particularly common in automotive engineering, for example, in the form of trim or door sills. By applying a top coat to the front of the base part, a variety of visual effects can be achieved for the finished component. Paint has proven to be a particularly suitable material for creating a surface that is highly resistant to external influences, as well as for imparting special optical properties to the component.

[0003] DE 10 2009 004 985 A1 discloses a trim part for vehicles in which a layer of paint is sprayed onto the visible layer in order to increase the service life of the trim part due to the resistant properties of the paint.

[0004] To reduce the consumption of costly paint materials in component production, manufacturing processes are increasingly being used in which the paint is not sprayed onto the base part, but rather injected onto it using an injection molding process. Injection molding offers the additional advantage that the shape of the surface formed by the paint layer can be predetermined by the molded part of the injection mold.

[0005] For example, the international application WO 2016 / 193384 A1 filed by the same applicant discloses a component with two cover layers injection-molded onto a decorative or base part, which, together with a region of the decorative element, form a visible side of the component.

[0006] EP 2 684 744 B1 discloses a trim part for a motor vehicle with a cover layer made of polyurea or polyurethane, which is applied to a carrier part by injection molding.

[0007] For various reasons, many embodiments feature perforations or openings in the base part, extending from the back of the base part to the lacquer layer. Perforations in the base part can, for example, serve to insert a luminous element to backlight the lacquer layer, as disclosed in DE 10 2010 017 494 A1.

[0008] Particularly when the topcoat is a paint, which is usually thin and forms a high-gloss layer, for example, the problem arises that the injection point(s) or gate location(s) remain visible on the finished component. To prevent this, WO 2018 / 104045 A1 proposes injecting the coating material from behind through an opening provided in the base part.

[0009] In the European application published under number EP 3 575 153 A1 by the same applicant, there is a disclosure of not only spraying a cover layer made of a transparent lacquer through an opening formed in a base part, but also backlighting it in the same way.

[0010] Furthermore, DE 10 2010 017 494 A1 discloses a component having a decorative layer with multiple openings, each of which is penetrated by a light guide to enable backlighting of the component. The front side of the component is coated with a transparent color layer and a transparent protective layer.

[0011] The presence of a hole in the base part leads to the problem that dirt particles and / or moisture can penetrate the paint layer. In the case of a transparent or translucent paint layer, this can impair the visual appearance of the component. If dirt particles or moisture penetrate the hole during manufacturing, there is a risk of deposits in the paint layer or even an undesirable chemical reaction with the paint material during the injection process. In cases where the hole is filled with a different material, the selection is limited to materials that do not react with the material of the adjacent paint layer. PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a component with a base part and a lacquer layer applied thereto, wherein one or more openings are formed in the base part and the problems mentioned at the outset are eliminated or at least reduced.

[0013] To achieve this object, a component is proposed as defined in claim 1. Furthermore, claim 16 specifies a method for producing a component particularly designed in this way. Preferred embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.

[0014] The present invention therefore provides a component, in particular for a vehicle, comprising a base part with a front side and a back side; a cover layer made of a lacquer, which is applied to the front side of the base part and forms at least part of a visible side of the component; and an additional part which is in contact with the cover layer and which is completely covered all around its edges, preferably by the cover layer and / or the base part, wherein the base part has one or more openings which extend from the back side to the front side of the base part, and wherein the additional part forms a cover element for sealingly covering all of the one or more openings which are completely spanned by the additional part.

[0015] Because the additional part forms a covering element and seals all of the openings it spans, no moisture or dirt particles can penetrate through the opening(s) to the cover layer. Any visual impairment of the cover layer as perceived by the viewer due to dirt particles and / or moisture penetrating through the opening(s) to the back of the cover layer can be effectively prevented. During component manufacture, the path from the opening(s) to the cover layer can also be interrupted by the additional part in order to prevent any interaction between the paint material and substances located within the opening(s). The additional part is therefore preferably attached to the base part during manufacture, before the cover layer is attached to the base part.If the opening(s) are to be filled at least partially with a material other than that of the base part, the choice of material is expanded due to the additional part.

[0016] Furthermore, since the additional part is completely covered all the way around the edges, preferably by the cover layer and / or the base part, it is optimally embedded in the component. Sealing of the opening(s) is then particularly good. The additional part is also very well protected and can preferably only be removed by destroying the component, or even more preferably by destroying the additional part itself. Furthermore, from the observer's perspective, the component then makes an overall compact, stable, and high-quality impression.

[0017] The base part is preferably a support part. A support part typically has such inherent stability that it preferably shapes the cover layer, and even more preferably the component as a whole.

[0018] The cover layer is preferably applied directly to the front of the base part, i.e. it contacts it.

[0019] The complete peripheral coverage of the additional part means that the peripheral outer end face of the additional part is completely contacted all around by the material of another component element, preferably by the material of the cover layer and / or the base part.

[0020] The one or more openings formed in the base part and sealed by the additional part each extend continuously and preferably in a straight line through the base part. The boundary surfaces of the openings are preferably cylindrical or conical. The conicity of the opening allows for special lighting effects to be achieved. Advantageously, the surface bordering the opening or the material forming the opening is light-reflecting. This enables efficient transmission of light through the opening. Special lighting effects can also be achieved.

[0021] An opening formed in the base part is completely spanned by the additional part if its cross-sectional area is arranged at least at one point entirely within a region bordered by the peripheral outer end face of the additional part. Preferably, in particular, the opening of the opening on the front or rear side, in particular on the front side, of the base part is arranged entirely within a region bordered by the peripheral outer end face of the additional part. Thus, there is preferably no passage through the additional part, and the additional part seals off all openings from the cover layer that are arranged within the region bordered by the peripheral outer end face of the additional part or that open into this region on the front side of the base part.

[0022] The top layer preferably serves to increase the component's resistance to external influences and / or achieve a specific visual effect. The material of the top layer is therefore particularly scratch-resistant, chemically resistant, glossy, and / or matte compared to the material of the base part.

[0023] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the base part or the cover layer is manufactured by injection molding. Advantageously, both the base part and the cover layer are manufactured by injection molding. Plastics are particularly suitable for producing the base part by injection molding. The cover layer is advantageously injection-molded onto the front side of the base part. Particularly preferably, the base part is injection-molded onto the additional part, and the cover layer is, in turn, injection-molded onto the base part and the additional part. This allows for simple manufacturing of the component, while simultaneously achieving good embedding and sealing of the additional part.

[0024] The base part can form a layer that is laminated to the cover layer. The base part preferably has a front side facing the visible side of the component, which is covered by the cover layer to at least 20 percent, preferably to at least 30 percent, more preferably to at least 40 percent, even more preferably to at least 50 percent, even more preferably to at least 75 percent, and most preferably to at least 95 percent. In particular, the cover layer can even cover the entire front side of the base part, for example to provide particularly good protection for the base part against external influences. The cover layer preferably forms the visible side of the component to at least 20 percent, preferably to at least 30 percent, more preferably to at least 40 percent, even more preferably to at least 50 percent, even more preferably to at least 75 percent, and most preferably to at least 95 percent or even 100 percent.

[0025] The base part can be formed from multiple layers. The cover layer can also be formed from multiple layers, in particular from multiple layers made of lacquer. In a cover layer made from multiple layers made of lacquer, the respective layers are advantageously made from different types of lacquer.

[0026] The component preferably forms a decorative element. It is also preferably intended for automotive construction, particularly as a door sill or trim strip.

[0027] According to a further development of the invention, the component is suitable for a vehicle, in particular for a motor vehicle. Preferably, a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, comprises the component. If the component is suitable for a vehicle, in particular for a motor vehicle, the component can in particular be a window guide panel, a spoiler, a panel for an A-, B-, C- or D-pillar, a triangular panel, a window channel strip, a water drip strip, a cover or panel in the roof area, such as a cover for a panoramic roof, a cover or panel in the console area, a cover or panel in the dashboard area, a panel or panel in the door area, a panel or panel in the area of ​​a radiator grille, the loading sill or on a tailgate, a decorative, entry or door strip, an emblem, or a bumper trim.

[0028] The component can be an interior component or an exterior component of a vehicle. In the case of an interior component, the cover layer is preferably made of a soft lacquer or a scratch-resistant lacquer, more preferably a scratch-resistant lacquer. In the case of an exterior component, the cover layer is preferably made of a scratch-resistant lacquer. If it is an exterior component, it preferably has at least one semi-permeable membrane to allow moisture to escape from the component without moisture penetrating the component from the outside. Furthermore, in the case of an exterior component, the base part can in particular be made of polycarbonate with a preferably softening temperature of more than 130°, more preferably more than 140°, and most preferably approximately 145°.

[0029] According to a further development of the invention, the component is suitable for a household appliance, such as a refrigerator, a steamer, a washing machine, a tumble dryer, an oven, a stove, a dishwasher, or a piece of furniture. The household appliance or the piece of furniture preferably comprises the component.

[0030] According to a further development of the invention, the component is suitable for devices used in methods for the surgical or therapeutic treatment of the human or animal body, or for devices used in diagnostic methods performed on the human or animal body. Such a device preferably comprises the component.

[0031] According to a further development of the invention, the component is suitable for consumer goods, such as a coffee machine or a vacuum cleaner, in particular for consumer electronics, such as a computer, a printer, a scanner, a copier, a television, a CD player, or a DVD player. Such a consumer good, in particular such consumer electronics, preferably comprises the component.

[0032] According to a further development of the invention, the component is suitable for a shower head, a sanitary fitting, a toilet, a shower, or a cistern. The component is, for example, a component of the shower head, the sanitary fitting, the toilet, the shower, or the cistern.

[0033] According to a further development of the invention, the component is designed as an operating element which can be operated, for example, by touch or without contact.

[0034] The base part is preferably made at least partially, preferably entirely, of a plastic. Alternatively, however, it can also be made at least partially, preferably entirely, of metal, glass, ceramic, or wood. In certain embodiments, the base part can also be a film.

[0035] The base part can be manufactured, particularly by injection molding, at least partially, preferably entirely, from a plastic. In the case of a plastic, the plastic can comprise or consist of a thermoplastic, which is preferably polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), an aromatic polyester, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethacrylmethylimide (PMMI), a cycloolefin copolymer (COC), a cycloolefin polymer (COP), a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), acrylate-styrene-acrylonitrile (ASA), acrylate-butadiene-styrene / polycarbonate (ABS-PC), polycarbonate (PC), polycarbonate / polybutylene terephthalate (PC-PBT), acrylate-styrene-acrylonitrile / polycarbonate (ASA-PC), or a mixture of the aforementioned substances.If the plastic comprises or consists of a thermoset, this thermoset is preferably polyurethane (PU) or polyurea (PUA), or a mixture of the aforementioned substances. If the plastic comprises or consists of an elastomer, this elastomer is preferably a silicone, more preferably a silicone rubber. The base part can be foamed during injection molding to prevent sink marks. Foaming can be achieved, in particular, using chemical and / or physical blowing agents.

[0036] The base part and / or the cover layer and / or the additional part can be translucent or transparent at least in some areas. The base part and / or the cover layer and / or the additional part can in particular be completely translucent or transparent. This allows the production of a backlit component with a wide variety of optical design options. The base part and / or the cover layer and / or the additional part can, however, also be partially or completely opaque. To achieve further optical effects, the base part and / or the cover layer and / or the additional part can contain a dye, in particular color pigments. The dye, in particular the color pigments, can be arranged homogeneously or inhomogeneously within the cover layer and / or the base part and / or the additional part.According to one embodiment, the dyes can be luminescent dyes, in particular fluorescent and / or phosphorescent dyes. According to a preferred embodiment, the base part and / or the cover layer and / or the additional part has opaque regions on the one hand and translucent or transparent regions on the other. This offers the advantage that a wide variety of design variants of the component are possible. In particular, light emitted by a light source of the component can selectively pass through the translucent or transparent regions of the base part and / or the cover layer and / or the additional part. According to a preferred embodiment, the base part and / or the cover layer and / or the additional part can have a reflective surface at least in some regions and / or be made at least partially from a reflective material.Reflective surfaces or reflective materials can, for example, reduce light losses from the component and / or achieve design effects.

[0037] According to a further development of the invention, the base part, the cover layer, the additional part, and / or a light guide of the component have one or more light-deflecting structures. By providing light-deflecting structures, a targeted redirection of the light emitted by the luminous element in one or more specific directions or in one or more specific directional ranges can be achieved. Because the light is redirected by the light-deflecting structures in a targeted manner in one or more specific directions or in one or more specific directional ranges, a variety of special effects can be created to even better direct the viewer's attention to the component. Furthermore, the light emitted by the luminous element can be used in a particularly efficient manner.

[0038] The one or more light-deflecting structures are preferably arranged in or on the base part, in or on the additional part, and / or in or on the cover layer. Losses during light propagation can thereby be minimized. For example, the light-deflecting structures can be provided as local chemical or physical material changes or as local surface elevations or depressions. The introduction of foreign materials or air inclusions to form the light-deflecting structures is also conceivable. The light-deflecting structures can be produced, in particular, using a laser.

[0039] If the base part and / or the additional part is translucent or transparent at least in some areas, the translucent or transparent area is preferably made of plastic. The plastic preferably comprises at least one thermoplastic and / or at least one thermosetting plastic and / or at least one elastomer or a mixture of the aforementioned substances. If the base part and / or the additional part is translucent or transparent at least in some areas, according to a preferred embodiment, the translucent or transparent area of ​​the base part is made of a single thermoplastic, a single thermosetting plastic, or a single elastomer. This offers the advantage that the component can be produced cost-effectively and the light does not have to cross any material interfaces.

[0040] If the plastic forming the translucent or transparent region of the base part or additional part comprises a thermoplastic, the thermoplastic is, for example, polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), an aromatic polyester, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethacrylmethylimide (PMMI), a cyclo-olefin copolymer (COC), a cyclo-olefin polymer (COP), a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), or a mixture of the aforementioned polymers. If the plastic forming the translucent or transparent region of the base part or additional part comprises a thermoset, the thermoset is, for example, polyurethane (PU) or polyurea (PUA). If the plastic forming the translucent or transparent region of the base part or additional part comprises an elastomer, the elastomer is, for example, silicone, in particular silicone rubber. Translucent or transparent plastics are familiar to those skilled in the art.The use of an elastomer, and in particular silicone, results in good adaptability of the component, for example, to a vehicle surface. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has proven particularly suitable for laser processing, in particular for the production of light-deflecting structures. Polycarbonate (PC) can also be laser processed, in particular for the production of light-deflecting structures, and also adheres well to a PUR-based paint. Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) is also well suited for laser processing, in particular for the production of light-deflecting structures, and adheres well to paint. According to a preferred embodiment, the base part and / or the additional part is made at least partially, preferably entirely, from polycarbonate (PC), and the cover layer is made at least partially, preferably entirely, from polyurethane (PUR) and / or polyurea (PU).This embodiment is particularly suitable for a component in which the base part and / or the additional part is designed as a light guide.

[0041] The base part and / or the additional part may, particularly if it is made of plastic, contain additives such as mold release agents, thermal stabilizers, UV absorbers, but also flame retardants, IR absorbers, antistatic agents, colorants, etc.

[0042] The paint material of the top layer can, in particular, be a highly fluid, i.e., very thin material. The material of the top layer advantageously adheres to the material of the base part. The paint material of the top layer can react chemically with the material of the base part during production, thereby forming a particularly strong bond with it. The paint preferably contains polyurea or polyurethane. The paint can be a one-component paint or a multi-component paint, in particular a two-component paint. In the case of a two-component paint, the first component is, for example, a polyol and the second component is, for example, a polyisocyanate, so that the reaction between the polyol and the polyisocyanate produces a cross-linked polymer, i.e., polyurethane.Alternatively, in the case of a two-component paint, the first component can be, for example, an isocyanate and the second component, for example, an amine, so that the reaction of the isocyanate and the amine produces a cross-linked polymer, i.e., polyurea. Depending on the desired design, the paint layer can be high-gloss or matt. The paint can be a soft paint, preferably with a hardness of less than 20 Shore A, which is preferably measured in accordance with the standard DIN 53505, edition of August 2000, and / or a scratch-resistant paint, preferably with a hardness of 20 Shore A to 100 Shore D, in particular of 20 Shore A to 65 Shore D, wherein the hardness is in each case preferably measured in accordance with the standard DIN 53505, edition of August 2000. Paints are known to the person skilled in the art.

[0043] The cover layer is preferably permanently attached to the base part, which means that it can only be removed from the base part by damage or destruction.

[0044] The thickness of the cover layer is preferably in a range from greater than 0 to a maximum of 12,000 micrometers, more preferably from greater than 25 to a maximum of 12,000 micrometers, even more preferably from greater than 25 to a maximum of 3,000 micrometers, even more preferably from greater than 25 to a maximum of 1,000 micrometers, even more preferably from greater than 25 to a maximum of 800 micrometers, even more preferably from greater than 25 to a maximum of 600 micrometers, even more preferably from greater than 25 to a maximum of 400 micrometers, even more preferably from greater than 25 to a maximum of 200 micrometers, even more preferably from greater than 25 to a maximum of 200 micrometers, and most preferably from greater than 25 to less than 100 micrometers. If the cover layer is too thick, the costs of manufacturing the component become high. If the cover layer is too thin, on the other hand, the component becomes susceptible to scratches, as these can extend through the cover layer.In addition, the physical and chemical protection of the base part provided by the top layer may then no longer be sufficient. The specified preferred thickness ranges represent an optimum between these conflicting requirements.

[0045] Preferably, the cover layer is essentially the same thickness across its entire surface. This offers the advantage that the visible side of the component can be illuminated evenly. However, the cover layer can also have a varying thickness across its surface. This enables the creation of a wide variety of design effects. With thinner cover layers, the brightness of the illumination of the visible side is greater than with cover layers with a comparatively greater thickness. Thus, by varying the thickness of the cover layer, especially if the front side of the additional part is covered with a cover layer, different brightness levels can be achieved on the visible side of the component.

[0046] If the front side of the additional part is covered by the cover layer, the thickness of the cover layer in the area of ​​the front side of the additional part is, according to a preferred embodiment, less than at least the thickness of the area of ​​the cover layer that directly contacts the peripheral edge of the additional part. A thinner cover layer has the advantage of increasing the brightness of the illumination of the visible side of the component.

[0047] If the front side of the additional part is covered by the cover layer, according to another preferred embodiment, the thickness of the cover layer in the area of ​​the front side of the additional part is greater than at least the thickness of the area of ​​the cover layer that directly contacts the peripheral edge of the additional part. A thicker cover layer has the advantage that the brightness of the illumination of the visible side of the component is lower.

[0048] The base part preferably has a thickness of 1 millimeter or more. This ensures a certain structural stability of the base part. However, to save material costs, the base part preferably has a maximum thickness of 10 millimeters. Especially if the base part is made of thermoplastic material by injection molding, the base part preferably has a maximum thickness of 10 millimeters, since such a thickness still allows for rapid cooling of the base part after its production.

[0049] In the finished component, the outer edge of the base part, i.e., its edge-facing face, is preferably flush with the cover layer. This can offer both visual and functional advantages, for example, by reducing dirt deposits due to the flush finish. The outer edge of the base part can also be used as a sealant against the paint material of the cover layer during injection molding. This means that the outer edge of the base part seals against a molding tool and thus prevents further spread of the paint material.

[0050] The additional part is preferably arranged between the cover layer and the base part. The front side of the additional part is preferably covered by the cover layer and the back side at least partially by the base part. This makes it easy to achieve optimal embedding and sealing of the additional part. However, embodiments are also possible in which the additional part is arranged, for example, within the base part or even between the base part and a layer attached to the back of the base part. According to a preferred embodiment, the additional part, which is arranged between the cover layer and the base part, is received in a recess formed on the front side of the base part. The additional part in the recess is preferably arranged flush with the front side of the base part. In this embodiment, the additional part is particularly well protected from environmental influences.

[0051] Preferably, a recess is formed on the rear side of the base part, into which the additional part is received. The additional part in the recess is preferably arranged flush with the rear side of the base part. In this embodiment, the additional part is particularly easy to install and particularly well protected from environmental influences.

[0052] According to a preferred embodiment, the cover layer covers the additional part and / or the base part at least partially at the edge, with the cover layer preferably being translucent or transparent in this area. This offers the advantage that light can be coupled out of the component laterally via the edge of the cover layer, thus radiating around the component.

[0053] According to a further development of the invention, the additional part is a thin, flat element, in particular a foil. The foil can be made, for example, of plastic and / or metal. A foil is particularly well-suited for sealing purposes, as it is usually suitable for covering a relatively large area while simultaneously requiring minimal material. The foil advantageously has no perforations, cracks, or openings. If the foil is made of metal, the foil can have at least one perforation, so that the metal foil is translucent.

[0054] According to another development of the invention, the additional part is a functional element, in particular an electrical functional element, such as a luminous film or a sensor. If the additional part is a sensor, it can in particular be an optical sensor, for example an infrared sensor or lidar sensor, an acoustic sensor, for example an ultrasonic sensor, an electromagnetic sensor, for example an inductive sensor, capacitive sensor or radar sensor, an acceleration sensor, a speed sensor or a sensor for detecting environmental parameters, for example a temperature sensor, humidity sensor or brightness sensor. The sensor can be operated contactlessly or by touch. If the additional part is a functional element, it thus fulfills at least one further function in addition to sealing the one or more openings.In the case of a luminescent film, this advantageously serves to illuminate, illuminate, or backlight the component, especially the visible side of the component. The cover layer can be transparent or translucent.

[0055] The additional part can, but does not have to, form part of the visible side of the component. If it does form part of the visible side of the component, its surface is advantageously positioned flush with the surface of the cover layer. This reduces the buildup of dirt.

[0056] Particularly when the additional part is designed as a film, but also in other cases, the additional part can be designed to be transparent or translucent according to a development of the invention in order to be backlit or translucent by a lighting element. The lighting element can represent part of the component. The lighting element can be arranged in particular on the rear side of the base part in the region of an opening in order to backlight the cover layer and / or the additional part through the opening. The lighting element can also be partially or completely inserted into an opening. Furthermore, the lighting element can be designed to backlight the cover layer and / or the additional part through a plurality of openings. For this purpose, a light guide can be arranged on the rear side of the base part, for example, in order to distribute the light emitted by the lighting element to the plurality of openings.Alternatively, the luminous element can also be designed as a flat luminous element, such as a luminous film, such as an electroluminescent film or an OLED film, which is arranged on the back of the base part.

[0057] Special optical effects, especially the display of symbols, letters, lettering, pictograms, etc., are possible if the cover layer and / or the additional part are partially opaque and partially transparent or translucent. However, if the cover layer and the additional part together form the visible side of the component, it is also possible for the cover layer to be opaque and the additional part to be transparent or translucent (or vice versa), for example, to display symbols, letters, lettering, pictograms, etc.

[0058] According to a preferred embodiment, at least one interface structure is arranged in the boundary regions between the base part and the cover layer. The interface structure is preferably formed by at least one interlocking local elevation and at least one depression on the surfaces of the cover layer and the base part. The interface structure forms, for example, at least one symbol, at least one letter, lettering, pictograms, etc., which are preferably recognizable to the viewer when the component is backlit.

[0059] According to a preferred embodiment, the component comprises a plurality of superimposed cover layers, wherein at least one interface structure is preferably arranged between at least two adjacent cover layers in the interface region of these two cover layers. The interface structure is preferably formed by at least one interlocking local elevation and at least one depression in the surfaces of the two cover layers. The interface structure forms, for example, at least one symbol, at least one letter, lettering, pictograms, etc., which are preferably recognizable to the viewer when the component is backlit.

[0060] According to a preferred embodiment, local elevations and / or depressions formed by the base part are provided in the region of the rear side of the base part, which elevations and / or depressions form, for example, at least one symbol, at least one letter, lettering, pictograms, etc., and which are preferably recognizable to the observer when the component is backlit. An insert, such as a plastic insert, is preferably arranged in the region of the rear elevations and / or depressions of the base part, wherein the insert preferably has local elevations and / or depressions which preferably engage in corresponding local depressions and / or elevations of the base part. The insert offers the advantage of increasing the design options of the component. The insert can, for example, be made from a translucent or transparent material or from an opaque material.The insert can optionally contain, for example, dyes such as pigments or be designed as a diffuser. The insert can also have light-deflecting structures arranged on a surface of the insert or within the insert, for example, to redirect the light emitted by a luminous element of the component toward the visible side of the component. It is also possible for the insert to have a reflective surface or be made of a reflective material, for example, to reflect the light emitted by a luminous element of the component toward the visible side of the component.

[0061] The base part and / or the additional part and / or the cover layer can be designed as a diffuser to scatter the light before it is coupled out of the component and, for example, to achieve uniform illumination or backlighting of the component. The diffuser effect can be achieved, for example, by incorporating particles and / or pigments or by local material modifications, induced, for example, by a laser.

[0062] According to a further development of the invention, the additional part can extend over at least 50%, preferably over at least 70%, and even more preferably over at least 90% of the front side of the base part. The additional part can even be applied over the entire front side of the base part. This makes it possible to seal all openings in the base part using a single additional part, in particular a film.

[0063] According to a further development of the invention, the additional part, particularly if it is a film, can at least partially cover a lateral end face of the base part. The additional part then extends not only over the front of the base part, but also over its lateral end face. The additional part can even extend circumferentially over the lateral end face of the base part.

[0064] According to a further development of the invention, a lighting element or a sensor is at least partially or completely inserted into at least one of the openings sealed by the additional part. By arranging it in an opening, the lighting element or sensor can be accommodated in a particularly space-saving manner and protected from external influences.

[0065] The additional part can be attached to the base part by means of an adhesive and / or by means of an adhesion promoter and / or by means of a thermoplastic film. This offers the advantage that during production of the component, in particular if the base part is injection-molded onto the additional part, a secure connection can be established between the additional part and the base part via the thermoplastic film, the adhesive and / or the adhesion promoter. The thermoplastic film, the adhesive and / or the adhesion promoter is, if necessary, made of a translucent or transparent material so that light can pass through the thermoplastic film, the adhesive and / or the adhesion promoter. If a functional element, such as in particular a sensor or lighting element, is arranged in at least one of the openings sealed by the additional part, this is preferably attached to the adhesive and / or the adhesion promoter.This makes the production of the component particularly easy, particularly with regard to the attachment of the functional element.

[0066] According to a preferred embodiment, the front side of the component has at least one recess for positioning an additional part, preferably for positioning an additional part provided with positioning elements, which is present, for example, in the form of a sensor or a lighting element or a film.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, the base part is arranged between the cover layer and the additional part. The additional part is then attached to the back of the base part. Particularly preferably, the additional part is also arranged between the base part and a layer attached to the back of the additional part. Advantageously, the layer is injection-molded onto the back of the additional part during production and, even more advantageously, presses the additional part, which is preferably a film, into the opening(s) in the base part due to the injection pressure. The additional part advantageously has a certain degree of flexibility and elasticity for this purpose. The additional part then preferably engages in the opening(s) in the base part. The additional part is preferably arranged within the opening(s) flush with the front of the base part.An adhesive layer and / or an adhesion promoter layer can be arranged between the base part and the additional part so that the additional part adheres to the base part.

[0068] Preferably, the additional part extends at least partially into at least one of the openings sealed by the additional part. Sealing can then be achieved at least partially within the opening.

[0069] The component may comprise one or more such additional parts. Preferably, all of the one or more openings in the base part are sealed by the one or more additional parts.

[0070] In certain embodiments, at least some or even all of the openings in the base part that are sealed by the additional part can each form a cavity.

[0071] In certain embodiments, at least some or even all of the openings in the base part that are sealingly covered by the additional part can each be at least partially, preferably completely, filled with a filler material. The filler material is preferably a different material than that of the base part. The filler material is preferably translucent or transparent. The filler material preferably forms a region of a light guide of the component. According to a preferred embodiment, a lighting element and / or a sensor is embedded in the filler material. According to a further preferred embodiment, the filler material is designed as a diffuser. According to a further embodiment, light deflection structures are arranged within and / or on a surface of the filler material.

[0072] According to a preferred embodiment, the component has a housing arranged on the rear side of the base part. The housing serves, for example, to accommodate at least one lighting element and / or at least one sensor. In a preferred embodiment, the housing has a reflective surface or is made of a reflective material in order to reflect light emitted by a lighting means of the component, for example, in the direction of the visible side of the component. The housing is preferably made of an opaque material. However, the housing can also be made of a translucent material or a transparent material, so that light from a lighting element can escape from the component via the housing.

[0073] According to a preferred embodiment, the base part and / or the housing has at least one fastening element for preferably detachably fastening the housing to the base part. The housing can also be fastened to the base part, preferably non-detachably, by means of an adhesive and / or a bonding agent and / or a sealing foam. According to a preferred embodiment, the housing is molded, at least in part, onto the rear side of the base part, preferably by means of an injection molding process or an extrusion process.

[0074] The present invention also relates to a method for producing a component, in particular a component as described above. The component comprises a base part with a front side and a back side, as well as one or more openings extending from the back side to the front side of the base part. The method comprises at least the following steps: Attaching an additional part designed as a covering element to the base part in such a way that the additional part sealingly covers all of the one or more openings in the base part that are completely spanned by the additional part; and applying a cover layer made of a lacquer to the front side of the base part in such a way that the cover layer forms at least part of a visible side of the component and also contacts the additional part.

[0075] The additional part is attached to the base part in such a way that it is completely covered all around the edges in the finished component, preferably by the cover layer and / or the base part.

[0076] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the base part is produced by injection molding and advantageously using a plastic material. For this purpose, a cavity is preferably formed using a first and a second mold part, into which cavity the plastic material is injected. The second mold part is preferably also used to produce the cover layer, wherein the base part is advantageously not removed from the second mold part. After the base part has been produced, the first mold part or a movable element thereof can, for example, be slightly displaced in order to expand the cavity for producing the cover layer. Alternatively, the use of a different mold part to produce the cover layer is also possible, which replaces the aforementioned first mold part for the purpose of cavity expansion.

[0077] According to a preferred embodiment, the one or more openings are produced with at least one mold insert, which is arranged in the cavity formed by the first mold part and the second mold part. This offers the advantage that base parts with different openings can be produced in a flexible manner. In the case of at least two mold inserts, these are preferably arranged opposite one another in the cavity.

[0078] To enable efficient and therefore cost-effective production, the base part and the cover layer are advantageously manufactured in sequential or parallel processes on an injection molding machine. For this purpose, the injection molding machine advantageously has a turning plate or a sliding plate to rotate or shift the base part after it has been manufactured and, in the rotated or shifted position, to form a cavity with another mold half for producing the cover layer. The base part and the cover layer, possibly from different component examples, can then be manufactured cycle by cycle and in the same cycle. Corresponding turning plate, sliding table, or rotary table clamping units are well known to those skilled in the art from the prior art. Alternatively, the base part and / or the cover layer can also be manufactured by extrusion.Optionally, a protective layer, in particular a protective film, can be applied to the cover layer by extrusion, for example, which is preferably removable from the cover layer. Of course, the component can also be manufactured by combining injection molding and extrusion.

[0079] Of course, it is also possible to use molded parts to produce the base part, which are then replaced with other molded parts using a different injection molding tool to apply the top layer to the base part. The base part can thus, in particular, be a prefabricated base part that is inserted into an injection molding tool to produce the top layer. In this case, the base part is advantageously already fully cured when the paint is injected. However, if the base part was already produced using the same molded part, it may not yet be fully cured when the paint is injected, for example, to improve the bonding of the top layer.

[0080] The additional part is preferably attached to the base part after it has been manufactured and then overmolded with the topcoat paint. However, it is also possible for the additional part to be overmolded with the base part material during its manufacture, or for the base part material to be overmolded onto the additional part, which advantageously creates a solid bond to it.

[0081] According to a preferred embodiment, the additional part rests on at least one projection arranged in the cavity formed by the first mold part and the second mold part, and / or the additional part lies in at least one recess with lateral boundaries formed by projections arranged in the cavity, wherein the boundaries are preferably formed at least partially, more preferably completely, circumferentially around the edge of the additional part, and / or the additional part lies in at least one recess formed by the first and / or second mold part. This offers the advantage that the additional part can be positioned particularly well in the cavity.

[0082] The opening or the plurality of openings are advantageously formed during the production of the base part, in particular during the production of the base part by means of the injection molding process, for example by means of projections arranged accordingly in the cavity formed by the first molded part and the second molded part. Alternatively or additionally, the opening or openings can also be formed, for example, by means of etching, punching, lasering, or drilling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0083] Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawings, which are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting. In the drawings: Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of a schematically illustrated component according to a first embodiment of the invention; Fig. 2 shows a sectional view of a schematically illustrated component according to a second embodiment of the invention; Fig. 3 shows a sectional view of a schematically illustrated component according to a third embodiment of the invention; Fig. 4 shows a sectional view of a schematically illustrated component according to a fourth embodiment of the invention; Fig. 5 shows a sectional view of a schematically illustrated component according to a fifth embodiment of the invention; Fig. 6 shows a sectional view of a schematically illustrated component according to a sixth embodiment of the invention; Fig. 7 shows a sectional view of a schematically illustrated component according to a seventh embodiment of the invention; Fig. 8 shows a sectional view of a schematically illustrated component according to an eighth embodiment of the invention;9 shows a sectional view of a schematically illustrated component according to a ninth embodiment of the invention; Fig. 10 shows a sectional view of a schematically illustrated component according to a tenth embodiment of the invention; Fig. 11 shows a sectional view of a schematically illustrated component according to an eleventh embodiment of the invention; Fig. 12 shows a sectional view of a schematically illustrated component according to a twelfth embodiment of the invention; Fig. 13 shows a sectional view through a schematically illustrated, closed injection molding tool during the production of a component according to a thirteenth embodiment of the invention; Fig. 14 shows a sectional view through a schematically illustrated, open injection molding tool during the production of a component according to a fourteenth embodiment of the invention;15 is a sectional view through a schematically illustrated, closed injection molding tool during the production of a component according to a fifteenth embodiment of the invention; Fig. 16 is a sectional view through a schematically illustrated, closed injection molding tool during the production of a component according to a sixteenth embodiment of the invention; Fig. 17 is a sectional view through a schematically illustrated, closed injection molding tool during the production of a component according to a seventeenth embodiment of the invention; Fig. 18a is a sectional view through a schematically illustrated, open injection molding tool with a film arranged therein during the production of a component according to an eighteenth embodiment of the invention; Fig. 18b is a schematic sectional view through the closed injection molding tool. Fig. 18awith film arranged therein immediately before the injection of the material of the base part; Fig. 18c a schematic sectional view through the closed injection mold of the Fig. 18a with film arranged therein and injected material of the base part; Fig. 18a schematic sectional view of the base part with film attached to it after removal from the injection mold of the Fig. 18a ; Fig. 18e a sectional view through another schematically illustrated, closed injection mold with the base part and film arranged therein immediately before the injection of the paint for producing the top layer; Fig. 18f a schematic sectional view of the base part with the film and top layer attached to it after removal from the injection mold of the Fig. 18eand before inserting a lighting element and a sensor; Fig. 18g shows a schematic sectional view of the component according to the invention according to an eighteenth embodiment; Fig. 19a shows a sectional view through a schematically illustrated, opened injection mold with foils arranged therein during the production of a component according to a nineteenth embodiment of the invention; Fig. 19b shows a schematic sectional view through the closed injection mold of the Fig. 19a with foils arranged therein immediately before the injection of the material of the base part; Fig. 19c a schematic sectional view through the closed injection mold of the Fig. 19a with foils arranged therein and injected material of the base part; Fig. 19d schematic sectional view of the base part with foils attached to it after removal from the injection mold of the Fig. 19a; Fig. 19e a sectional view through a further schematically illustrated, closed injection molding tool with a base part and films arranged therein immediately before the injection of the paint for producing the cover layer; Fig. 19f a schematic sectional view of the component according to the invention according to a nineteenth embodiment; Fig. 20a a sectional view through a schematically illustrated, open injection molding tool during the production of a component according to a twentieth embodiment of the invention; Fig. 20b a schematic sectional view through the closed injection molding tool of the Fig. 20a immediately before injecting the material of the base part; Fig. 20c a schematic sectional view of the base part after removal from the injection mold of the Fig. 20aand before attaching a film and a sensor; Fig. 20d shows a schematic sectional view of the base part with the film and sensor attached thereto; Fig. 20e shows a sectional view through another schematically illustrated, closed injection molding tool with the base part, film and sensor arranged therein immediately before injecting the paint to produce the cover layer; Fig. 20f shows a schematic sectional view of the component according to the invention according to a twentieth embodiment; Fig. 21a shows a sectional view through a schematically illustrated, closed injection molding tool with the cover layer and films arranged therein during the production of a component according to a twenty-first embodiment of the invention; Fig. 21b shows a schematic sectional view through the closed injection molding tool of the Fig. 21awith cover layer and films arranged therein and injected material of the base part; Fig. 21c a schematic sectional view of the base part with cover layer and films attached thereto after removal from the injection mold of the Fig. 21a ; Fig. 21d shows a sectional view through a further schematically illustrated, closed injection molding tool with the base part, films and cover layer arranged therein immediately before the injection of the paint to produce a further cover layer; Fig. 21e shows a schematic sectional view of the component according to the invention according to a twenty-first embodiment; Fig. 22a shows a schematic sectional view through a not yet completely manufactured base part during the production of a component according to a twenty-second embodiment of the invention; Fig. 22b shows a schematic sectional view through the base part of the Fig. 22a, after forming openings; Fig. 22c a schematic sectional view through the base part of the Fig. 22a with adhesive and / or bonding agent attached; Fig. 22a schematic sectional view through the base part of the Fig. 22a with adhesive and / or bonding agent and film attached thereto; Fig. 22e a schematic sectional view through an injection molding tool with the base part inserted therein including adhesive and / or bonding agent and film of the Fig. 22d immediately before injecting a plastic material to produce a plastic layer; Fig. 22 fine schematic sectional view through the injection mold of the Fig. 22eafter injection of the plastic material; Fig. 22g a sectional view through a further schematically illustrated, closed injection molding tool with the base part arranged therein, including film, cover layer and plastic layer, immediately before injection of the paint to produce a cover layer; Fig. 22h a schematic sectional view of the component according to the invention according to a twenty-second embodiment; Fig. 23a a sectional view of a schematically illustrated component according to a twenty-third embodiment of the invention; and Fig. 23b a sectional view of a schematically illustrated lighting module for insertion into the component of the Fig. 23a . DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0084] In the Figures 1 to 23bDifferent embodiments of components according to the invention as well as variants thereof and preferred methods for their production are illustrated by way of example. Features which have an identical or at least similar design and / or function are shown in the Figures 1 to 23b Each is provided with the same reference numerals. The illustrated embodiments serve merely to illustrate possible variants of components according to the invention and their manufacturing methods. Individual or multiple elements of the various embodiments and manufacturing methods can be combined as desired with the elements of other embodiments or manufacturing methods. The illustrated embodiments and manufacturing methods are in no way to be understood as limiting.

[0085] The Figure 1shows an embodiment with a base part 1 designed as a support part. The base part 1 has a front side 101 facing the viewer during the intended installation of the component, and a rear side 102 facing away from the front side 101. At the outer edge of the base part 1, a circumferential lateral end face 103 connects the front side 101 to the rear side 102. The transition from the front side 101 to the lateral end face 103 is rounded. In the area of ​​the transition from the lateral end face 103 to the rear side 102, an edge-side projection 104 extends outwardly and circumferentially.

[0086] In the base part 1, several openings 105 are formed, each of which extends continuously from the rear side 102 to the front side 101. While the opening in the Fig. 1While the opening 105 arranged on the far left is tubular or cylindrical in cross-sectional view, the two openings 105 arranged to the right of it are each conical, i.e. they each form at least one cone 106. The opening 105 arranged on the far right even has a double-conical shape with two cones 106 that widen outwards. A conical design of the openings 105 can, on the one hand, facilitate the demolding of the base part 1 from an injection molding tool and, on the other hand, simplify the insertion of, for example, functional elements into the opening 105 or special lighting effects can be achieved. Of course, the openings of the component according to the invention can have any desired shape, as long as they are manufacturable.

[0087] The mouths of the two in the Fig. 1The openings 105 arranged on the left are each sealed on the front 101 of the base part 1 with an additional part in the form of a luminous film 3 or a transparent or translucent film 4. The luminous film 3 and the film 4 each completely span an individual opening 105. Instead of a luminous film 3, another electrically functional element such as a sensor could also be provided. Electrical cables 301 are led from the luminous film 3 through the opening 105 to the rear side 102 and out of the base part 1. In the region of the rear opening of the opening 105 covered with the transparent or translucent film 4, a luminous element 6 is arranged in such a way that light emitted therefrom can backlight the film 4 through the opening 105. An LED 602 ​​of the luminous element 6, which is mounted on a circuit board 601, projects into the opening 105 for this purpose.

[0088] The front side 101 and part of the lateral end face 103 are covered with a cover layer 2 made of a lacquer. The cover layer 2, together with the luminous film 3 and the film 4, forms a visible side 201 of the component. Due to the cover layer 2, the component can have special optical properties, such as a high-gloss surface, and / or can be made particularly resistant to external influences. The cover layer 2 extends circumferentially over the lateral end face 103 as far as the edge projection 104. The surface of the cover layer 2 is flush with the outer end face of the edge projection 104. Likewise, the surface of the cover layer 2 in the region of its edge 202 is arranged flush with the surfaces of the luminous film 3 and the film 4. Due to this flush arrangement, the component not only creates a higher-quality impression, but also reduces dirt deposits.

[0089] The luminous film 3 and the film 4 each have the same thickness as the cover layer 2 and are covered by the cover layer 2 at their outer edge 402, ie at their lateral end faces.

[0090] Another light element can be used to illuminate the rightmost part of the Fig. 1 An opening 105 arranged thereon may be provided if the cover layer 2 is made of a transparent or translucent material. Alternatively, the cover layer 2 may be made of an opaque material and the base part 1 of a transparent or translucent material. The component would then be illuminated via the peripheral edge projection 104, resulting in a special floating effect with respect to the cover layer 2.

[0091] The design of the Figure 2 differs from that of the Fig. 1that a single transparent or translucent film 4 is present, which completely spans and seals all of the openings 105 formed in the base part 1. Furthermore, the film 4 does not form part of the visible side 201 of the component; rather, the visible side 201 is formed exclusively by the cover layer 2. The film 4 is arranged between the cover layer 2 and the base part 1, being received in a recess 110 formed on the front side 101 of the base part 1.

[0092] A first breakthrough 105 of the Fig. 2 The component shown has the shape of a cone 106 that widens toward the film 4. A second opening 105 is cylindrical. A lighting element 6 is inserted into this second opening 105 such that its LED 602 ​​is located directly below the film 4 and otherwise largely fills the opening 105.

[0093] The cover layer 2 extends circumferentially over the entire lateral end face 103 of the base part up to the rear side 102.

[0094] A luminous foil 8 is attached to the back 102 of the base part 1. The base part 1 and the cover layer 2 are in the embodiment of the Fig. 2 advantageously transparent or translucent and can thus be illuminated through or behind the luminous film 8. The film 4 can be colored and / or, due to its shape, form a symbol or lettering, for example.

[0095] To fix the component, e.g. to the chassis of a vehicle and / or to prevent light from escaping from the side and rear of the component, a housing 7 is attached to the rear side 102 of the base part 1 (in the Fig. 2 shown in dashed lines). For fastening the component to an external structure, fastening elements 108 and 701 can be attached to the base part 1 and / or to the housing 7.

[0096] In the Figure 3 In the embodiment shown, a luminous element 6 is arranged entirely within an opening 105. The opening 105 is also filled with a transparent or translucent filling material 9, which completely surrounds and thereby protects the luminous element 6. The film 4 and the cover layer 2 are preferably each transparent or translucent.

[0097] In the Figure 3 It is also shown that the cover layer 2 can also extend over the back side 102 of the base part 1.

[0098] In the design of the Figure 4Several additional parts in the form of films 4 are provided, each sealingly covering a cylindrical opening 105 in the base part 1. A cover layer 2 of lacquer is sprayed onto the front side 101 of the base part 1, which completely covers the films 4 on the visible side as well as at the edges. A recess is formed on the rear side of the base part 1, into which a luminous film 8 is received, which serves to backlight the films 4 through the openings 105. The cover layer 2, but not necessarily the base part 1, is preferably transparent or translucent here.

[0099] The base part 1 of the embodiment of the Figure 5has a single, central opening 105, which is covered by a transparent, translucent, or opaque film 4. The film 4 is in turn covered by a transparent or translucent cover layer 15 made of lacquer on the visible side and towards the edge. Outside the cover layer 15, a further cover layer 2, which can be opaque, is attached to the base part 1. A lighting module, which serves to backlight the cover layer 15, is inserted in a recess formed on the rear of the base part 1. The lighting module can serve to backlight the cover layer 15 directly through the opening 105 if the film 4 is transparent or translucent. If the film 4 is opaque, the lighting module can also serve to backlight the cover layer 15 through the base part 1, which in this case would be transparent or translucent.

[0100] The lighting module has a housing 7, the interior of which is sealed by means of a sealing foam 13 from the base part 1 and thus from the outside. A light guide 10 and one or more lighting elements 6 are arranged in the housing 7, which serve to radiate light into the light guide 10. A reflector foil 12 is arranged on the rear side of the light guide 10 in the housing 7, which reflects light propagating in the light guide 10 towards the visible side 201. A further light guide 11 can be provided inside the opening 105 (in the Fig. 5 shown in dashed lines).

[0101] Light deflection structures 1001 can also be provided inside and / or on the surface of the light guide 10, particularly in the region of the opening 105, in order to deflect the light toward the visible side 201 and decouple it from the light guide 10. The light deflection structures can be provided inside the light guide 10 as volume structures or as surface structures in the form of local elevations and depressions on its front or rear side. The light deflection structures are preferably produced using a laser. Correspondingly complementary surface structures can be provided on the light guide 11 and / or on the reflector film 12. The mutual interlocking of the surface structures can also improve the connection between the light guide 10 and the reflector film 12 and / or the light guide 11.

[0102] In the design of the Figure 6Two additional parts are provided, each sealingly covering an opening 105 in the base part 1 and being covered to the front and sides by the covering layer 2 of lacquer. These two additional parts are each designed as an insert part 16 with a projection 1601 and an extension 1602. The projection 1601 rests on the front side 101 of the base part 1 and seals the respective opening 105. The extension 1602 extends from the projection 1601 to the rear side 102 of the base part 1 into the respective opening 105.

[0103] The insert parts 16 preferably each form a light guide for guiding light from a rear-mounted lighting module to the cover layer 2, which is made of a transparent or translucent lacquer, and for backlighting it. To achieve the most uniform backlighting possible, the insert parts 16 and in particular their extensions 1602 can have scattering elements 1603.

[0104] The lighting module is similar to that of the Figure 5 In contrast to this, the one of the Figure 6 However, the housing 7 has spring hooks 702 which are designed to snap into snap-in elements 109 which extend rearwardly from the rear side 102 of the base part 1.

[0105] In the Figure 7In the component shown, a luminous film 8 is attached to the back of the base part 1, covering the entire back of the component. The luminous film 8 can, in particular, be an electroluminescent film or an OLED film.

[0106] The basic part 1 of the Fig. 7 The apertures 105 formed therein each have an opaque lining 107. The films 4 covering the apertures 105 can also be opaque in order to prevent light from passing through the apertures 105. The light emitted by the luminous film 8 thus passes through the transparent or translucent base part 1 to the cover layer 2. In order to achieve targeted light extraction and / or to display, for example, a symbol or lettering, light deflection structures 111 and 203 can be provided in or on the base part 1 and / or in or on the cover layer 2.

[0107] In the design of the Figure 8Two transparent or translucent cover layers 2 and 17 made of lacquer are provided, with the second cover layer 2 completely covering the first cover layer 17 on the visible side. The two cover layers 2 and 17 together form a two-layer lacquer cover layer. The backlighting of the two cover layers 2, 17 is achieved by means of lighting elements 6 through an opening 105. The lighting elements 6 can each be held in a housing 7, which can be snapped into snap-in elements 109 of the base part 1 by means of spring hooks 702.

[0108] The openings 105 formed in the base part 1 are each sealed by a transparent or translucent film 4. The front sides of the films 4 are covered with the lacquer of the cover layer 17, and the lateral end faces of the films 4 are covered with the material of the base part 1. The films 4 are thus optimally embedded in the component and effectively seal the openings 105 to the cover layer 17.

[0109] In the design of the Figure 9It is shown that the additional part, which is in contact with the cover layer 2 and covered at the edges by the cover layer 2 and / or the base part 1, can also extend from the front side to the lateral edge surface 103 of the base part 1. The additional part is designed here in the form of a transparent or translucent film 4, which has light deflection structures 401 in its interior for targeted light deflection. The film 4 can thus be illuminated via an opening 105 by a lighting element 6 inserted therein in order to couple light out of the component laterally via the edge 202 of the cover layer 2 and thus to radiate light around the component. The cables 603 serving to supply power to the lighting element 6 extend through the opening 105 to the rear side of the component.

[0110] A second in the Figure 9The opening 105 shown is completely filled with the lacquer of the cover layer 2. A luminous foil 8 is attached to the rear side 102 of the base part 1 in order to radiate light into this opening 105 or into the transparent or translucent lacquer material and thereby guide it to the visible side of the cover layer 2.

[0111] At the Figure 10In the boundary regions between the base part 1 and a first cover layer 17 made of lacquer, as well as between the first cover layer 17 and a second cover layer 2 made of lacquer, interface structures 1701 are provided. The interface structures 1701 are formed by interlocking local elevations and depressions of the surfaces of the cover layers 2 and 17 as well as of the base part 1. Various optical effects can be achieved by means of the interface structures. For example, the interface structures can form symbols or lettering that are recognizable to the viewer when the component is backlit. The cover layers 2, 17 together form a two-layer cover layer made of lacquer.

[0112] Further interface structures can be provided in the region of the rear side 102 of the base part 1. For example, a plastic insert 18 can be inserted into a rear recess of the base part and have local elevations and depressions 1801 that engage with corresponding local elevations and depressions of the base part 1.

[0113] In the Figure 11 It is shown that the two laminated cover layers 2 and 17 made of lacquer can have different thicknesses D1, D2, D3, and D4 at different locations on the component. This is possible, in particular, by producing the cover layers 2 and 17 using an injection molding process. A wide variety of optical effects can be achieved using the different thicknesses.

[0114] In addition, the design of the Fig. 11Films 14 are attached to the back 102 of the transparent or translucent base part 1. The films also serve to achieve optical effects. For example, a film 14 can cover part of a luminous film 8 arranged on the back of the component. The same or a different film 14 can be reflective and / or colored in order to generate a more intense or differently colored light output at the corresponding location.

[0115] In the design of the Figure 12the additional part, which here again is designed as a film 4, is arranged within the base part 1. The front and back of the film 4, as well as its outer edge 402, are each at least partially contacted and in particular covered by the material of the base part 1. In this way, the opening 105 is optimally sealed by the film 4. The film 4 extends through the opening 105. Since the opening 105 is located completely within the area spanned by the film 4, the film 4 completely spans the opening 105. Since the lacquer of the cover layer 2 extends from the visible side into the opening 105, the front side of the film 4 is in contact with the cover layer 2. The lacquer of the cover layer 2 forms a filler material which at least partially fills the opening 105.

[0116] The Figure 13shows a schematic illustration of the production of the base part 1 of a component according to the invention. For this purpose, an injection molding tool is used, comprising a first molded part 19 and a second molded part 20, as well as a molded part insert 21 inserted therein. The molded part insert 21 has upwardly projecting projections 2101 for forming the openings 105 and can additionally have local elevations and depressions 2102 for forming surface structures on the base part 1. Local elevations and depressions 1902 for forming surface structures on the base part 1 can also be formed on the first molded part 19. The surface structures can, for example, form light-deflecting structures 111. The molded part insert 21 can, in principle, also be omitted if the structures 2101 and 2102 are formed directly on the second molded part 20.

[0117] Before the injection molding tool is closed, an additional part, e.g., in the form of a film 4, is arranged on the end faces of the projections 2101, which later serves to tightly cover the openings 105. To securely position the film 4 in the injection molding tool, a vacuum line 22 can lead through one or more of the projections 2101. The film 4 could, for example, also be positioned and releasably held by means of electrostatic forces. To produce the base part 1, the injection molding tool is closed to form an inner cavity 23. The material of the base part 1 is then injected via an injection opening 1905 formed in the first mold part 19.

[0118] In the Figure 14A base part 1 is shown immediately after its manufacture, i.e., after removal of the first molded part 19. It is clearly visible that the film 4, on the one hand, seals all openings 105 and, on the other hand, is completely covered by the material of the base part 1 at the edges.

[0119] In the Figure 15 An embodiment is shown in which the component is manufactured in such a way that the film 4 covers only one of several openings 105. The film 4 is inserted into a recess 1903 formed on the inside of the first mold part 19. This allows, for example, the production of a component in which the film 4, as in the Fig. 1 shown, forms part of the visible side of the component.

[0120] In the design of the Figure 16The film 4 rests completely on only one of the projections 2101. Thus, the film 4 seals only one of the openings 105 in the finished component. The other openings 105 are not completely spanned by the film 4. To facilitate the positioning of the film 4 in the injection molding tool and / or to ensure that the film 4 is arranged flush with the front side of the base part 1, the projections 2101 together form a recess with lateral boundaries.

[0121] In the Figure 17In the embodiment shown, one of the projections 2101 extends less far toward the first molded part 19 than another. The film 4 rests on the shorter of these projections 2101, and the first molded part 19 has a downwardly projecting elevation 1904 in the region of the film 4. In this way, a base part 1 can be produced in which the film 4 is arranged in a recess formed in the region of the front side 101, where it spans and seals over an opening 105.

[0122] As with all illustrated embodiments, the film 4 can be transparent, translucent, or opaque, at least in part or as a whole, or it can be replaced by another additional part, such as a luminous film, a sensor, or another functional element. Instead of a film 4, an additional part, such as a sealing plate, could also be used. The additional part can be colored as desired.

[0123] In the Figures 18a to 18g a preferred method for producing a component according to a further embodiment of the invention is shown.

[0124] As a first step, as described in the Fig. 18a shown, an additional part, such as a film 4, is placed on projections 2101 of the molded part insert 21. The projections 2101, which serve to form openings 105 in the base part 1, could in principle also be provided directly on a molded part, ie the Fig. 18a The molded part insert 21 shown could also be a molded part. The injection mold is then closed with a first molded part 19 ( Fig. 18b ), and the material of the base part 1 is injected through an injection opening 1905 into a cavity 23 to form the base part 1 ( Fig. 18c ). The film 4 is arranged flush with the front of the base part 1.

[0125] The base part 1 is then removed from the injection mold ( Fig. 18d) and inserted into another injection mold with a first mold part 19' and a second mold part 20. After closing ( Fig. 18e ) a lacquer is injected into the cavity 23 through an injection opening formed on the first mold part 19' in order to flood the base part 1 and the film 4 with the lacquer and to form a cover layer 2.

[0126] The component is then removed from the injection mold ( Fig. 18f ). As in the Figure 18g As shown, lighting elements 6 can be inserted into the openings 105 through the film 4 to backlight the transparent or translucent cover layer 2. Alternatively or additionally, sensors 24 can be inserted into one or more of the openings 105. Control and supply lines in the form of cables 2401 can be led outward through the respective opening 105 at the rear.

[0127] Another preferred method for producing another component according to the invention is described in the Figures 19a to 19f shown.

[0128] According to Fig. 19a In a first step, additional parts, e.g. in the form of foils 4, are placed on one of several projections 2101 of a molded part insert 21. Alternatively, as shown by dashed lines in the Fig. 19a As indicated, recesses 1903 can also be provided in the first molded part 19 above the projections 2101, into which an additional part or a film 4 is inserted. The films 4 can be held in the recesses 1903, for example, by applying a vacuum. For this purpose, the first molded part 19 can have a corresponding vacuum line 1901.

[0129] The injection molding tool is then, as shown in the Fig. 19bshown, closed, and the material of the base part 1 is injected into the cavity 23 via an injection opening 1905. The cavity 23 is formed by the first mold part 19 and the mold insert 21, which could also be a second mold part. This forms the base part 1, which can be removed from the injection mold after curing ( Figures 19c and 19d ). Due to the projections 2101, openings 105 have formed in the base part 1 below the foils 4, which openings are sealed by the foils 4.

[0130] The base part 1 thus produced with the films 4 attached thereto is then inserted into another injection molding tool with a first mold part 19' and a second mold part 20. A coating material is injected into the cavity 23' formed by this injection molding tool in order to flood the front side of the base part 1 and form a cover layer 2 ( Fig. 19e). The foils 4 can rest with their respective front sides against the inner surface of the first molded part 19', in order to then form, together with the cover layer 2, part of the visible side 201 of the finished component. Alternatively, a gap can remain between the foils 4 and the inner surface of the first molded part 19', whereby the paint material floods the respective foil 4 and the cover layer 2 thus covers the foil 4. In the Figures 19e and 19f Both variants are shown. After curing, the component is removed from the injection mold ( Fig. 19f ).

[0131] A further preferred method for producing yet another component according to the invention is described in the Figures 20a to 20c shown.

[0132] In contrast to the Figures 18a to 19f shown process, the first molded part 19 has elevations 1904 on its inner surface ( Fig. 20a ), which protrude into the cavity 23 ( Fig. 20b) and for forming recesses on the front side of the base part 1. These recesses serve for the secure positioning of an additional part in the form of a sensor 25 ( Figures 20c and 20d ). The sensor 25 is positioned such that it completely spans one of the openings 105 and seals it in the finished component. Above a second opening 105, a second additional part in the form of a film 4 is attached to the base part 1. For this purpose, the film 4 is glued to the front side of the base part 1 using an adhesive and / or a bonding agent 5. The film 4, together with the adhesive and / or the bonding agent 5, spans the opening 105, which, after the injection molding of the cover layer 2 ( Figures 20e and 20f) allows a very simple attachment of an additional part, e.g. in the form of a sensor 24, in the corresponding opening 105. The sensor 24 can be simply inserted into the opening 105 from the rear in such a way that it rests against the adhesive and / or the adhesion promoter 5 (see Fig. 20f ). The cover layer 2 forms the entire visible side of the component and completely covers both the film 4 and the sensor 25 to the front and all the way around the sides.

[0133] A further preferred method for producing a component according to the invention according to a further embodiment is described in the Figures 21a to 21e shown.

[0134] In contrast to the Figures 18a to 20f In the method shown, a mold insert 21 with projections 2101 is used here, which extend to different distances into the cavity 23 ( Fig. 21a). A first additional part in the form of a film 4, which is held via a vacuum line 22 on the corresponding projection 2101, is thereby flooded towards the visible side with the material of the base part 1 ( Figures 21b and 21c ). The opening 105 spanned below by this film 4 therefore does not extend completely through the base part 1.

[0135] A second additional part in the form of a film 4 is positioned on another projection 2101. This film 4 already has a cover layer 2 made of a lacquer upon insertion into the injection mold. This cover layer 2 is completely received in a recess 1903 formed in the first molded part 19. The cover layer 2 thus forms part of the visible side 201 of the finished component.

[0136] After inserting the base part 1 with attached additional parts and cover layer 2 into another injection molding tool, the base part 1 is flooded with a lacquer ( Fig. 21d ). The paint forms a further cover layer 17, the front side of which lies flush with the front side of the first cover layer 2. The two cover layers 2 and 17 thus together form the visible side 201 of the component ( Fig. 21e ). The outer edge 402 of the film 4 covered by the cover layer 2 is completely covered all around by the material of the base part 1. The opening 105 located thereunder is thus optimally sealed to the cover layers 2 and 17.

[0137] The Figures 22a to 22h illustrate a further embodiment for producing a component according to the invention.

[0138] First, a base part 1 is produced by forming several continuous openings 105 therein, e.g. by punching them out ( Figures 22a and 22b ). An adhesive and / or a bonding agent 5 is then applied to the back 102 of the base part 1 ( Fig. 22c) and then an additional part in the form of a foil 4 is attached to it in such a way that it completely spans all openings 105 ( Fig. 22d ).

[0139] The base part 1 with the film 4 attached to it is then inserted into a cavity 23 formed by two mold parts 19 and 20 ( Fig. 22e ) and back-injected with a plastic through an injection opening 2001 provided in the second mold part 20. The injection pressure presses the flexible film 4 into the openings 105 ( Fig. 22f ). Base part 1 and film 4 are pressed against the first molded part 19, resulting in flush transitions between the surface of film 4 and the surface of base part 1. The injected plastic forms a plastic layer 26 arranged on the back of base part 1 and film 4, which can in particular form a support layer. As can be seen from the Fig. 22fAs can be seen, not only the film 4 but also the plastic layer 26 engages in the openings 105.

[0140] The unfinished component produced in this way is inserted into a cavity 23' of another injection molding tool with a larger-sized first mold part 19' and a larger-sized second mold part 20' and flooded with a paint ( Fig. 22g ). The paint not only floods the front side 101 of the base part 1 and the film 4 in the areas within the openings 105, but also their lateral end faces and the lateral outer edge of the plastic layer 26. The resulting cover layer 2 thus forms the entire visible surface 201 of the finished component, both on the front side and on the sides ( Fig. 22h ).

[0141] Another component according to the invention, which was manufactured similarly to that in the Figures 22a to 22h shown, is in the Figures 23a and 23b shown.

[0142] In the design of the Fig. 23a The film 4 is not covered laterally by the cover layer 2, but the outer edge 402 is covered by the plastic layer 26. The plastic layer 26 also forms a rear receiving recess 2601, into which the Fig. 23bshown lighting module can be used. In the present embodiment, the base part 1 is opaque and the lighting module serves to backlight the transparent or translucent cover layer 2 made of lacquer through the openings 105. The openings 105 can form symbols, letters or lettering, for example. A light guide 10 of the lighting module, into which the light is radiated from the side by a lighting element 6, serves to distribute the light to the openings 105. In order to achieve intensive light coupling from the light guide 10 to the openings 105, light deflection structures 1001 can be provided in or on the light guide 10. A reflector film 12 is attached to the back of the light guide 10. The lighting module has a preferably opaque housing 7 which can be fastened to the back of the plastic layer 26 by means of adhesive and / or adhesion promoter 703. LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS 1 Base part 603 Cable 101 front 102 back 7 Housing 103 Lateral frontal surface 701 Fastening element 104 Edge projection 702 spring hook 105 breakthrough 703 Adhesive / adhesion promoter 106 cone 107 lining 8 luminous foil 108 Fastening element 9 Filling material 109 Snap-in element 110 Deepening 10 light guide 111 Light deflection structure 1001 Light deflection structure 2 Top layer 11 light guide 201 visible side 12 Reflective foil 202 edge 13 Sealing foam 203 Light deflection structure 14 film 15 Translucent / transparent 3 luminous foil Top layer 301 Cable 16 Insert part 4 film 1601 cantilever 401 Light deflection structure 1602 appendage 402 Outer edge 1603 Scattering element 5 Adhesive / adhesion promoter 17 Top layer 1701 Survey / deepening 6 Lighting element 601 circuit board 18 plastic insert 602 LED 1801 Survey / deepening 19, 19' First molded part 22 vacuum line 1901 vacuum line 23, 23' cavity 1902 Survey / deepening 1903 Deepening 24 sensor 1904 Survey 2401 Cable 1905 injection opening 25 sensor 20, 20' Second molded part 2501 Positioning element 2001 injection opening 26 plastic layer 21 Molded part insert 2601 Recording recess 2101 projection 2102 Survey / deepening D1, D2, D3, D4 thickness

Claims

1. A component, in particular for a vehicle, comprising a base part (1) with a front side (101) and a rear side (102); a cover layer (2, 17) produced from a lacquer, which is applied to the front side (101) of the base part (1) and forms at least part of a visible side (201) of the component; and an additional part (3, 4, 25) which is in contact with the cover layer (2, 17) and which is circumferentially completely covered around the edges, wherein the base part (1) comprises one or more apertures (105) which extend from the rear side (102) to the front side (101) of the base part (1), and wherein the additional part (3, 4, 25) forms a cover element for sealingly covering all of the one or more apertures (105) which are completely spanned by the additional part (3, 4, 25), in that the cross-sectional area of the aperture or apertures (105) is arranged in each case at least at one point completely within an area which is bordered by the peripheral outer end face of the additional part (3, 4, 25).

2. The component according to claim 1, wherein the additional part (3, 4, 25) is arranged between the cover layer (2, 17) and the base part (1).

3. The component according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the additional part is a foil (3, 4).

4. The component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the additional part is an electrical functional element, such as a luminous foil (3) or a sensor (25).

5. The component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the base part (1) and / or the cover layer (2, 17) is produced by injection molding.

6. The component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the additional part (4) is transparent or translucent in order to be backlit by a lighting element (6, 8).

7. The component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the additional part (3, 4, 25) extends over at least 50%, preferably over at least 70%, more preferably over at least 90% of the front side (101) of the base part (1).

8. The component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the additional part (3, 4, 25) at least partially covers a lateral end face (103) of the base part (1).

9. The component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a lighting element (6) and / or a sensor (24) is at least partially inserted in at least one of the apertures (105) sealingly covered by the additional part (3, 4, 25).

10. The component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the additional part (3, 4, 25) is attached to the base part (1) by means of an adhesive and / or by means of an adhesion promoter (5), and wherein preferably a functional element, such as in particular a sensor (24), is attached to the adhesive and / or to the adhesion promoter (5) in at least one of the apertures (105) sealingly covered by the additional part (3, 4, 25).

11. The component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the base part (1) is arranged between the cover layer (2, 17) and the additional part (3, 4, 25), and wherein the additional part (3, 4, 25) is preferably arranged between the base part (1) and a layer (26) attached to the rear of the additional part (3, 4, 25).

12. The component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the additional part (3, 4, 25) extends at least partially into at least one of the apertures (105) sealingly covered by the additional part (3, 4, 25).

13. The component according to one of the preceding claims, comprising one or more of such additional parts (3, 4, 25), wherein all of the one or more apertures (105) of the base part (1) are sealingly covered by the one or more of the additional parts (3, 4, 25).

14. The component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a part, preferably all, of the apertures (105) of the base part (1) which are sealingly covered by the additional part (3, 4, 25) each form a cavity.

15. The component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a part, preferably all, of the apertures (105) of the base part (1) which are sealingly covered by the additional part (3, 4, 25) are each at least partially, preferably completely, filled with a filling material (2, 9) which is a different material than that of the base part (1).

16. A method for producing a component, in particular a component according to one of the preceding claims, which has a base part (1) with a front side (101) and a rear side (102) and with one or more apertures (105) which extend from the rear side (102) to the front side (101) of the base part (1), the method comprising the steps: - attaching an additional part (3, 4, 25) designed as a cover element to the base part (1) in such a way that the additional part (3, 4, 25) sealingly covers all of the one or more apertures (105) of the base part (1) which are completely spanned by the additional part (3, 4, 25), in that the cross-sectional area of the aperture or apertures (105) is arranged in each case at least at one point completely within an area which is bordered by the peripheral outer end face of the additional part (3, 4, 25); and - applying a cover layer (2, 17) produced from a lacquer to the front side (101) of the base part (1) in such a way that the cover layer (2, 17) forms at least part of a visible side (201) of the component (1) and also contacts the additional part (3, 4, 25); wherein the additional part (3, 4, 25) is attached to the base part (1) in such a way that it is circumferentially completely covered around the edges in the completely manufactured component.