OLED waveguide arrangement and manufacturing process thereof

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an OLED waveguide arrangement (1) comprising an organic light-emitting diode arrangement (11), a waveguide layer (13) and a substrate (14), wherein the organic light-emitting diode arrangement (11) is separated from the waveguide layer by a spacer layer (12) and the organic light-emitting diode arrangement (11), the spacer layer (12), the waveguide layer (13) and the substrate (14) are materially bonded together in a layer stack and the emission of the organic light-emitting diode arrangement (11) exhibits maximum emission at a wavelength of around 470 nanometers.

[0002] Furthermore, the invention relates to an OLED waveguide assembly manufacturing method for a corresponding OLED waveguide assembly according to the invention.

[0003] The organic light-emitting diode (OLED) array is separated from the luminescent layer by a spacer layer. The waveguide layer has a nanostructure and either consists of luminescent material itself or has a front layer of luminescent material. The light-emitting material in the luminescent part of the waveguide layer is optically excited by the radiation from the OLED array. The nanostructure of the waveguide layer enables directional light emission.

[0004] OLEDs with a directional emission characteristic have great potential for the realization of cost-effective, integrated light sources, e.g. for biosensors or for switchable surface properties.

[0005] Furthermore, directed emission enables high-resolution autostereoscopic displays and offers new approaches for visible light communication (VLC).

[0006] From the State of the art An arrangement is known in which an OLED is connected to a luminescent layer via a layer stack; specifically, in US patent 2009 / 0051271 A1, an OLED with a transparent electrode is described which is additionally covered with a luminescent layer. The luminescent layer is used here as a wavelength converter, thus improving the output efficiency of the OLED.

[0007] Document WO 2017 / 053855 A1 discloses a light diffraction apparatus and an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) containing the light diffraction apparatus. A light diffraction device may comprise an optional planarization layer, a transparent substrate, and a waveguide layer. The planarization layer may have a refractive index of ns. The transparent substrate has a refractive index of ng. The waveguide layer, which is distributed over the transparent substrate, may have a refractive index nw greater than ns and greater than nw. The waveguide layer may consist of a binder matrix and at least one nanoparticle. The waveguide layer may be inserted between the transparent substrate and the optional planarization layer.

[0008] Document US 2018 / 0047944 A1 describes an emitting article comprising an OLED with a light-emitting surface, a circular polarizer, and a light extraction film optically positioned between the OLED and the circular polarizer and optically coupled to the light-emitting surface. The light extraction film contains a two-dimensionally structured layer of extraction elements with a first refractive index and a spacing in the range of 400 to 800 nm, and a backfill layer containing a material with a second refractive index different from the first.

[0009] Patent application US 2009 / 0015142 A1 discloses a multifunctional optical film for improving light extraction, comprising a flexible substrate, a structured layer, and a backfill layer. The structured layer effectively utilizes microreplicated diffractive or scattering nanostructures located close enough to the light-generating region to enable the extraction of an evanescent wave from an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device. The backfill layer has a material with a different refractive index than that of the structured layer. The backfill layer also provides a planarizing layer above the structured layer to adapt the light extraction film to a layer of an OLED display device.The film may have additional layers that are added to or integrated into an emissive surface to provide additional functionalities beyond improving light extraction efficiency.

[0010] Patent application US 2017 / 0301888 A1 discloses novel light-emitting devices, including AMOLED displays, based on a transparent OLED architecture in which a laminated nanostructured light-extraction film can generate axial and integrated optical gains as well as improved angular luminance and color. The transparent AMOLED displays with laminated submicron extractors generally include: (a) an extractor on a transparent substrate for light extraction from both sides of the transparent device; or (b) an extractor on a reflective film to provide light extraction from the bottom of the bottom-emitting (BE) AMOLED; or (c) an extractor on a light-absorbing film to provide extraction from the bottom of the BE AMOLED in combination with improved ambient contrast.

[0011] The publication EP 0 878 883 A1 discloses an organic laser comprising an electrically pumped source of incoherent radiation with an organic active region and a waveguide structure that receives the incoherent radiation. The core of the waveguide consists of organic material that absorbs the incoherent radiation and emits coherent radiation of longer wavelengths. The source of the incoherent radiation is located near the waveguide core, e.g., at a distance of less than 10 λ from the core, where λ is the laser wavelength. The laser is implemented, for example, in a planar waveguide laser, a microdisk laser, or a laser with a photonic bandgap structure.

[0012] From US patent 2010 / 054291 A1, a small and lightweight organic laser device is known that can be manufactured in a reproducible manner and from which laser light of a desired wavelength can be obtained. A first substrate, provided with a light-emitting element having a light-emitting layer between a pair of electrodes, and a second substrate, provided with a laser medium containing a laser dye, are positioned opposite each other, and one electrode of the electrode pair, located between the light-emitting layer and the laser medium, is transparent. With such a structure, a laser device can be provided in which a laser medium and a light source are integrated.

[0013] A problem in the state of the artThe main challenge is that there is currently no technical solution for obtaining highly directional emission from OLED light sources. To this end, the integration of nanostructures into OLEDs to generate directional radiation has been investigated. The nanostructure couples out guided modes in a directed manner. This simultaneously increases power efficiency. A disadvantage is that the OLED's non-directional emission overlaps with the directional emission. Since both are in the same wavelength range, they cannot be separated. Furthermore, the absorption of the OLED layers prevents high quality factors and thus narrow emission characteristics. Using a narrowband emitter allows the proportion of directional emission to be increased. However, this is limited to certain emitter materials and comes at the expense of efficiency.As an alternative, coupling an OLED with a diffractive optical element (DOE) has also been proposed to achieve highly directional emission and to design the emission pattern using the DOE. However, this approach does not allow for the direct directional emission of an OLED pixel but requires additional surface area. Another approach proposes combining two stacked OLEDs to adjust and also modify the emission pattern over time. This results in a more complex setup, and highly directional emission has not yet been demonstrated.

[0014] From the State of the artAccording to the previously cited publications, no OLED waveguide arrangement is known in which organic structures are used to form the spacer layer and the waveguide layer, and a grating structure is applied that is suitable for the wavelength of the secondary light but not for the wavelength of the primary light.

[0015] The present invention lies in the Task The basis is to specify an OLED waveguide arrangement and an associated manufacturing process, whereby the OLED waveguide arrangement should in particular have a highly directional emission characteristic.

[0016] Solved This task is accomplished with an OLED waveguide arrangement according to the main claim and an OLED waveguide arrangement manufacturing method for an OLED waveguide arrangement according to the dependent claim.

[0017] The OLED waveguide arrangement is formed with an organic light-emitting diode arrangement, a waveguide layer and a substrate, wherein the organic light-emitting diode array is separated from the waveguide layer by a spacer layer, and the organic light-emitting diode array, the spacer layer, the waveguide layer, and the substrate are materially bonded together in a stack of layers, and the emission of the organic light-emitting diode array exhibits maximum emission at a wavelength of around 470 nanometers. where the waveguide layer is nanostructured, the waveguide layer and the spacer layer are made of organic material, the spacer layer is transparent to the light from the organic light-emitting diode array and the light from the waveguide layer, the organic light-emitting diode array is designed as the primary light source, the substrate has pixel-dependent nanostructures on its surface, namely pixel-wise identical or pixel-wise slightly different, which are designed with a lattice constant of approximately 400 ± 50 nanometers to match the emissions of the waveguide layer, the spacer layer has a thickness of 300 to 500 nanometers, where the waveguide layer itself consists of luminescent material or has an upstream layer of luminescent material, the waveguide layer or the upstream layer of the waveguide has the function of a wavelength converter with maximum absorption around 470 nanometers and maximum emission around 620 nanometers, and the substrate is at least the outside of the arrangement on the light-emitting surface, or the substrate is at least the outside of the arrangement on the light-emitting surface, wherein an additional wavelength-selective (dichroic) layer and / or a long-pass filter is integrated into the layer stack on the light-emitting surface.

[0018] In the OLED waveguide arrangement according to the invention, a primary light is generated by an OLED, which subsequently enters a luminescent waveguide layer spaced 300 to 500 nanometers apart, where it generates a luminescent light (secondary light). The spacer layer is transparent to both the OLED and the waveguide layer and serves to prevent the reabsorption of the secondary light by the OLED. The waveguide layer is periodically structured such that it has a narrow emission characteristic for the secondary light. The primary light has a wavelength of approximately 470 nanometers and the secondary light a wavelength of approximately 620 nanometers. The grating constant is 400 ± 50 nanometers and is therefore not suitable for the primary light.

[0019] The use of a grid structure that does not match the emission pattern of the integrated OLED is novel and inventive. Ideally, all primary light is converted or any remaining traces are filtered out. Secondary light is emitted in a directed manner with a wavelength of 620 nanometers. Furthermore, the OLED, waveguide layer, and spacer layer can all be made of organic material.

[0020] According to the invention, the OLED waveguide arrangement alternatively consists of an organic light-emitting diode arrangement, a waveguide layer and a substrate, wherein the layers are materially connected to each other in a layer stack, wherein the organic light-emitting diode arrangement is separated from the luminescent layer by a spacer layer, the waveguide layer is nanostructured and the waveguide layer itself consists of luminescent material or has a front layer of luminescent material.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the waveguide layer can have the nanostructuring at least on the side facing the substrate.

[0022] The waveguide layer can preferably be completely nanostructured.

[0023] If the upstream layer consists of luminescent material, then it takes over the function of the wavelength converter.

[0024] The nanostructures on the waveguide layer can be designed pixel by pixel, whereby the nanostructures on the waveguide layer can be identical pixel by pixel or slightly different pixel by pixel.

[0025] The organic light-emitting diode array serves as the primary light source and can be designed in the form of thin, semi-transparent metal layers and / or conductive polymers and / or poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiopene and / or polystyrenesulfonate with carbon nanotubes.

[0026] Furthermore, the refractive index of the waveguide layer can preferably be higher than that of the substrate and spacer layer.

[0027] The luminescent material of the waveguide layer may preferably have a layer thickness at which the primary light is almost completely absorbed.

[0028] The waveguide layer and / or spacer layer are preferably formed from: (2-{(E)-2-[4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl]vinyl}-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-ylidene)malononitrile for doping in polyvinylcarbazole and / or Tris-(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthropone)-ruthenium (II) dichloride in polymethyl methacrylate and / or Super Yellow as a polymer without a separate matrix.

[0029] Furthermore, it should be added below, in addition to the state of the art, that the production of OLEDs with emission maximum at approximately -470nm is common technical expertise, namely known from, for example: Kim, Tae-Gu, Oh, Hwan Sool, Kim, You-Hyun, and , "Study of Deep Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Using Doped BCzVBi with Various Blue Host Materials," Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 85-88, Apr. 2010. Jian Liu, Minhua Jiang, Xiaoying Zhou, Changjun Zhan, Jin Bai, Min Xiong, Fenfen Li and Yuhua Liu, "High-efficient sky-blue and green emissive OLEDs based on Flrpic and Flrdfpic", Synthetic Metals, vol. 234, pp. 111-116, 2017. Etienne Baranoff and Basile F. E. Curchod, "Flrpic: archetypal blue phosphorescent emitter for electroluminescence", Dalton Trans., vol. 44, no. 18, pp. 8318-8329, 2015. Ping-I Shih, Chen-Han Chien, Chu-Ying Chuang, Ching-Fong Shu, Cheng-Han Yang, Jian-Hong Chen and Yun, "Novel host material for highly efficient blue phosphorescent OLEDs", vol. 17, no. 17, pp. 1692-1698, 2007. Salehi, A., Dong, C., Shin, D. et al., "Realization of high-efficiency fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes with low driving voltage", Nat. Commun., vol. 10, 2019. Lee, J.-I., Lee, J., Lee, J.-W., Cho, D.-H., Shin, J.-W., Han, J.-H. and Chu, HY (2012), Dependence of Light-Emitting Characteristics of Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes on Electron Injection and Transport Materials. ETRI Journal, 34: 690-695. .

[0030] The OLED waveguide assembly manufacturing process for an OLED waveguide assembly according to the invention, albeit a specific one, preferably comprises the following steps: Manufacturing a substrate with a pixel-dependent nanostructure on its surface by injection molding in plastic or by applying a photoresist layer to the substrate and structuring it using a nanoimprinting process; applying a waveguide layer containing a photoluminescent layer by liquid phase coating, evaporation, or cathode sputtering, wherein either one material can fulfill both purposes or two separate materials are used; applying a spacer layer that separates the active layers of the organic light-emitting diode array from the nanostructured waveguide; processing the organic light-emitting diode array above the spacer layer from the liquid phase and / or in a vacuum process.

[0031] In detail, this means: laying a lower electrode of the organic light-emitting diode arrangement in a semi-transparent manner and applying organic transport, blocking and emission layers to the semi-transparent electrode, wherein the organic light-emitting diode arrangement is designed with a second metal electrode, which may preferably be thicker and non-transparent, and wherein the top of the organic light-emitting diode arrangement, i.e. the side facing away from the emission of radiation, is preferably sealed with an encapsulation made of glass or plastic.

[0032] Sealing the OLED waveguide assembly with an encapsulation made of glass or plastic can prevent degradation from atmospheric oxygen on the top side.

[0033] Due to the layered structure of the OLED waveguide arrangement, the usual method of manufacturing the organic light-emitting diode arrangement with indium tin oxide applied by cathode sputtering is not suitable.

[0034] The emission of the light-emitting diode arrangement should, in particular, match the absorption of the photoluminescent layer in terms of wavelength.

[0035] The spacer layer separates the active layers of the organic light-emitting diode array from the nanostructured waveguide layer. Depending on the refractive index of this layer, its thickness should be chosen so that the evanescent light from the waveguide layer is reduced to a small fraction (e.g., <1%). Typically, this involves a layer thickness of approximately 300–500 nm. The spacer layer should be transparent to both the luminescent light and the light from the organic light-emitting diode array.

[0036] The waveguide layer is particularly nanostructured and can either consist of luminescent material itself or have a front layer of luminescent material.

[0037] The luminescent layer functions as a wavelength converter. Depending on the deposition method on the substrate, the waveguide layer may exhibit the nanostructure only on the underside facing the substrate or it may be entirely nanostructured. The refractive index of the waveguide layer should be higher than that of the substrate and the spacer layer.

[0038] The substrate can be made of plastic or glass and may feature pixel-dependent nanostructures on its surface. These nanostructures can be identical or slightly different across pixels. The substrate can form at least the outer surface of the arrangement on the light-emitting surface, thus protecting the organic light-emitting diode array from mechanical contact or oxygen exposure from below.

[0039] It is possible to fabricate the entire layer structure on the nanostructured substrate using liquid-phase processes. This offers significant potential for cost-effective roll-to-roll manufacturing.

[0040] Further embodiments and variants of the invention are explained below, although these are not necessarily to be considered limiting: For applications in biosensors as well as for displays, a configuration in which the directed light is emitted through the substrate, as described in Figure 1 The substrate forms the outer surface of the arrangement with a well-defined emission characteristic and protects the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) from contact, liquids in a microfluidic chip, and mechanical stress from touching the display. Simultaneously, it protects the OLED from oxygen exposure from the underside.

[0041] For an integrated measurement system, several pixels are to be used, as in Figure 1The nanostructures are arranged side by side. The nanostructure should be designed pixel by pixel so that the desired detection area in the measurement system is illuminated by the directed emission. For a 3D display, pixels with slightly different nanostructures should also be positioned next to each other. Changing the period slightly alters the emission angle, which is useful for an autostereoscopic display. In the case of biosensors, this could be configured so that pixels illuminate a detection area from different directions. A photodetector could then be located directly below the detection area. To achieve the appropriate direction, the lattice structures would be rotated relative to each other. Alternatively, a two-dimensional nanostructure, such as a two-dimensional DOE, could be used to achieve beam focusing at a specific point. The angles typical for autostereoscopic displays must be implemented.

[0042] For mass production, the substrate with the pixel-dependent surface nanostructures can be manufactured in plastic using injection molding.

[0043] The nanostructure of pixels is in the 10 µm to 5 mm range, with typically ~500 µm.

[0044] For prototypes and small production runs, a photoresist layer on the substrate (glass or plastic) could be structured using a nano-embossing process, with lattice constants or periods in the range of 400 nm ± 50 nm (depending on the waveguide) suitable for photoluminescence emission. This can also be achieved very cost-effectively using a roll-to-roll process. The periodic nanostructure should therefore have lattice constants or periods that match the secondary light.

[0045] Next, a waveguide layer and a photoluminescent layer are applied. Either one material can fulfill both purposes, or two separate materials can be used. The waveguide layer, whether separate or combined with the photoluminescent layer, should have a refractive index higher than that of the substrate and the spacer layer.

[0046] The waveguide layer can be applied to the nanostructured substrate, for example, by liquid-phase coating, evaporation, or cathode sputtering. With liquid-phase coating, it can be assumed that only the underside is nanostructured by the substrate, while the top side is planarized by the coating process.

[0047] In a vapor deposition process, the nanostructure is typically preserved through the waveguide. This waveguide layer can directly serve as a matrix layer for a photoluminescent material.

[0048] Alternatively, the waveguide layer can be coated with a photoluminescent layer.

[0049] The absorption of the OLED light layer should preferably be close to 100%. The photoluminescent layer could, and preferably should, always be sufficiently thick to completely absorb the primary light.

[0050] The waveguide or photoluminescent layer and the spacer layer can be made of organic material (polymers). This means that the organic material of the luminescent layer can contain organic dyes.

[0051] Material examples include DCM for doping in PVK or Ru (ddp) in PMMA or SuperYellow as a polymer without a separate matrix - DCM: 4-(Dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (English) or (2-{(E)-2-[4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl]vinyl}-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-ylidene)malononitrile (German).

[0052] Alternatively, the photoluminescent material exhibits a high Stokes shift to allow for clean separation of excitation and emission light. For this purpose, a longpass filter is placed on the underside of the substrate. The longpass filter can be most cost-effectively implemented as a sheet-like film. Alternatively, the substrate can directly absorb the excitation wavelength.

[0053] In both cases, the next layer is a spacer layer, for example made of amonil with an n of approximately 1.5 or PMMA with an n of approximately 1.5, which separates the active layers of the OLED from the nanostructured waveguide. Depending on the refractive index of this layer, its thickness must be chosen so that the evanescent light from the waveguide is attenuated to a small fraction (e.g., <1%). Layer thicknesses of approximately 300–500 nm are typically used. This layer should preferably be transparent to both the photoluminescent light and the OLED excitation light. This layer can also be produced from the liquid phase or deposited in a vacuum process.

[0054] Above the spacer layer, the OLED can be processed from the liquid phase, in a vacuum process, or in a combination of both. The lower electrode should preferably be designed to be semi-transparent. Due to the underlying layers, indium tin oxide (ITO), typically applied by sputtering, is unsuitable here. ITO coating via sputtering usually generates high temperatures on the substrate (≥ 100°C). Since the glass transition temperature of many organic semiconductors is lower, the ITO coating could negatively affect the morphology of the underlying layers and thus their functionality. Furthermore, oxygen gas is introduced during a reactive coating process, which can lead to oxidation of the underlying organic layers. Instead, thin, semi-transparent metal layers or conductive polymers, such as...PEDOT:PSS (poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene: polystyrenesulfonate) with carbon nanotubes is used. Organic transport, blocking, and emission layers can then be deposited onto the semi-transparent electrode. The wavelength of the OLED emission should match the absorption of the photoluminescent layer, for example, maximum OLED emission at -470 nm, maximum absorption of the fluorescent dye at approximately 470 nm, and maximum photoluminescence emission at -620 nm. The specific wavelengths of the emission maxima can be chosen to match the lattice period or lattice constant.

[0055] The OLED is terminated with a second metal electrode, which can be thicker and opaque. To prevent degradation of the component by atmospheric oxygen from the top side, it is sealed with an encapsulation made of glass or plastic. Since the emission occurs through the substrate, there are no special requirements for the encapsulation materials.

[0056] The entire layer structure can be fabricated on the nanostructured substrate using liquid-phase processes. This offers high potential for cost-effective roll-to-roll manufacturing.

[0057] An embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawing. Image description described, whereby this is intended to explain the invention and is not to be considered limiting.

[0058] In Fig. 1 Figure 1 shows an OLED waveguide arrangement according to the invention.

[0059] The advantages of the OLED waveguide arrangement lie in an improved coupling efficiency through the combination of an organic light-emitting diode arrangement 11 with a waveguide layer 13 containing a photoluminescence layer, as well as a defined emission characteristic through a nanostructured waveguide layer 13.

[0060] The OLED waveguide assembly 1 is built up in a layer stack. From top to bottom, the figure shows an organic light-emitting diode assembly 11, a spacer layer 12, a waveguide layer 13, and a substrate 14.

[0061] The organic light-emitting diode arrangement 11 serves as the primary light source.

[0062] The spacer layer 12 separates the active layers of the organic light-emitting diode array 11 from the nanostructured waveguide layer 13. The spacer layer 12 is transparent to both the luminescence light and the light from the organic light-emitting diode array 11.

[0063] The waveguide layer 13 has a nanostructured design and either consists of luminescent material itself or has an upstream layer of luminescent material. The luminescent layer functions as a wavelength converter.

[0064] The refractive index of the waveguide layer 13 is higher than that of substrate 14 and spacer layer 12.

[0065] Substrate 14 consists of plastic or glass and has pixel-dependent nanostructures on its surface. It represents at least the outer surface of the arrangement on the light-emitting surface and protects the organic light-emitting diode array from mechanical contact or oxygen exposure from below. Reference symbol list

[0066] 1OLED waveguide array 11Organic light-emitting diode array 12Spacer layer 13Waveguide layer 14Substrate

Claims

1. OLED waveguide assembly (1) comprising an organic light emitting diode assembly (11), a waveguide layer (13) and a substrate (14), wherein - the organic light-emitting diode assembly (11) is separated from the waveguide layer by a spacer layer (12) and - the organic light-emitting diode assembly (11), the spacer layer (12), the waveguide layer (13) and the substrate (14) are materially interconnected in a layer stack and - the emission of the organic light-emitting diode assembly (11) has maximum emission at a wavelength of around 470 nanometers, characterised in that - the waveguide layer (13) is nanostructured, - the waveguide layer (13) and the spacer layer (12) are made of organic material - the spacer layer (12) is designed to be transparent to the light from the organic light-emitting diode assembly (11) and the light from the waveguide layer (13), - the organic light-emitting diode assembly (11) is designed as a primary light source, - the substrate (14) has pixel-dependent nanostructures on its surface, namely nanostructures that are identical pixel by pixel or slightly different pixel by pixel, which are formed with a lattice constant of approximately 400 ± 50 nanometres to match the emissions of the waveguide layer (13), - the spacer layer (12) has a layer thickness of 300 to 500 nanometres, wherein - the waveguide layer (13) - itself consists of luminescent material or - has an upstream layer of luminescent material, - the waveguide layer (13) or the upstream layer of the waveguide has the function of a wavelength converter with maximum absorption at around 470 nanometres and maximum emission at around 620 nanometres, and - the substrate (14) is at least the outer side of the arrangement on the light exit surface or - the substrate (14) is at least the outer side of the arrangement on the light exit surface, wherein an additional wavelength-selective (dichroic) layer and / or a long-pass filter is integrated into the layer stack on the light exit surface.

2. OLED waveguide assembly (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the waveguide layer (13) is completely nanostructured.

3. OLED waveguide assembly (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the waveguide layer (13) has the nanostructuring at least on the side facing the substrate (14).

4. OLED waveguide assembly (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the nanostructures on the waveguide layer (13) are arranged pixel by pixel, wherein the nanostructures on the waveguide layer (13) - are identical pixel by pixel or - are slightly different pixel by pixel.

5. OLED waveguide assembly (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the refractive index of the waveguide layer (13) is higher than that of the substrate (14) and the spacer layer (12).

6. OLED waveguide assembly (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the organic light-emitting diode assembly (11) is designed in the form of thin, partially transparent metal layers and / or conductive polymers and / or poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and / or polystyrene sulfonate with carbon nanotubes.

7. OLED waveguide assembly (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the luminescent material of the waveguide layer (13) has a layer thickness at which the primary light is almost completely absorbed.

8. OLED waveguide assembly (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the waveguide layer (13) and / or spacer layer (12) are formed from: - (2-{(E)-2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]vinyl}-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-ylidene)malononitrile for doping in polyvinylcarbazole and / or - tris-(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthropon)-ruthenium (II) dichloride in polymethyl methacrylate and / or - Super Yellow as a polymer without a separate matrix.

9. OLED waveguide assembly manufacturing method for an OLED waveguide assembly (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps: - producing a substrate (14) with a pixel-dependent nanostructure on the surface - by injection moulding in plastic or - by applying a photoresist layer to the substrate (14) and structuring it using a nanoimprinting process; - applying a waveguide layer containing a photoluminescent layer by liquid phase coating or evaporation or cathode sputtering, wherein either one material can fulfil both purposes or two separate materials are used; - applying a spacer layer (12) separating the active layers of the organic light-emitting diode assembly (11) from the nanostructured waveguide; - processing the organic light-emitting diode assembly (11) above the spacer layer (12) from the liquid phase and / or in a vacuum process, wherein the step of processing includes designing a lower electrode of the organic light-emitting diode assembly (11) to be partially transparent and to this partially transparent electrode there are applied organic transport, blocking and emission layers, wherein the organic light-emitting diode assembly (11) is closed with a second metal electrode, which can be thicker and non-transparent, and wherein the upper side of the organic light-emitting diode assembly, i.e. the side facing away from the emission of the radiation, is sealed with an encapsulation made of glass or plastic.