Forming device for continuous forming

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a forming device and a system for the continuous forming of a fiber semi-finished product as well as a method for forming a fiber semi-finished product.

[0002] Various objects today are made from semi-finished fiber products, such as carbon fibers. For this purpose, the semi-finished fiber product is taken, for example, from a roll and formed into the desired shape in a system with a forming device, and then stiffened or strengthened. It is known that the semi-finished fiber product is unwound from a dispensing point, which provides the fiber product for further processing, and pushed into the subsequent devices intended for the process along one or – if the processing is not linear – several directions, i.e., shear direction(s).

[0003] It is also known to fold over parts or specific sections of the pushed or drawn fiber semi-finished product in the forming device. Some systems allow continuous processing (often also called "endless processing") of the material, while others only allow piecemeal processing (sometimes also referred to as "quasi-endless" processing), since the material must be cut for forming. Further differences exist with regard to the material supplied, which is usually provided from a roll with a limited quantity. This material is then typically fed into the actual forming process either in smaller sections or, prior to forming, is joined with subsequent material to create a quasi-endless material flow, for example, by sewing or gluing.

[0004] In addition to the continuous processing of an endless or quasi-endless material, the processing of separate material sections is also known. This offers more freedom in shaping but also requires more effort.

[0005] In the following, "endless material" shall be understood in particular to mean a material which has a length which is longer than the length of the, in particular effective, forming section of the forming device, in particular a length of more than 50 m, in particular more than 70 m, whereby this length may also be produced by several interconnected material sections.

[0006] These processes produce fiber-based semi-finished products with a defined shape. These semi-finished fiber products can then be solidified and thus made dimensionally stable, particularly through the curing of a binder. Depending on the process, these semi-finished fiber products, or dimensionally stabilized semi-finished fiber products, can be produced as individual pieces, especially with a length of less than 50 meters, or in continuous lengths. Dimensionally stabilized semi-finished fiber products are then typically further processed to create finished end products, such as chassis, for example, by adding components.

[0007] Using known devices, fiber semi-finished products can be formed into fiber-shaped semi-finished products with different profiles, depending on the device used, for example, into an L, U, Z, O, rectangular, hat, or O (omega) profile. Such a profile is characterized by the fact that, in a section through the material along a plane extending across the width of the material, a section line at least partially resembles the corresponding shape of the letter. It is not important that such a profile has the same proportions or sharp corners or bends as the desired profile, but rather that the basic shape of the letter is reflected by such a profile. Thus, materials formed into an omega profile often have two short legs and a section between them that extends away from the two legs and is, in particular, curved.forms a curve connecting both legs.

[0008] It is known from the aforementioned techniques and devices that during forming, the material can wrinkle and crease. To reduce the problem of wrinkling or creasing when forming the pushed or drawn material using the aforementioned techniques, it has been further proposed to arrange rollers in the forming areas that provide support by pushing in the thrust direction, thus pushing the material more evenly and additionally through the forming section. Alternatively or additionally, it is proposed to smooth the folded sections by pressing after folding and to produce dimensionally stable materials by heating and pressing.Such techniques and devices are known, among others, from US 2012 / 0328846 A1, which describes a piecewise processing of fiber material and a pressing of the sections to be formed, EP 2 265 436 B1, which describes a quasi-continuous / piecewise process of material sections, or EP 2 722 145 A1, which describes a continuous process and a pulling apart of the fiber material by means of rollers.

[0009] Such a device with conveyor belts arranged above the rollers is known from EP 2 985 137 A1.

[0010] Pultrusion processes are also known, which enable the continuous production of optionally fiber-reinforced plastic profiles. From a fiber tray, the fiber material is guided through a fiber guide into an impregnation or impregnation unit and impregnated with a binder, and optionally reinforced by the addition and integration of other materials. The fiber material is then shaped in a forming unit and hardened using a curing unit. During this process, the fiber material is drawn through a downstream device.

[0011] It is also known to work with apertures or slits arranged one behind the other, through which the material is guided and shaped piece by piece, in order to feed the material to the pultrusion device or the hardening device.

[0012] From DE 10 2014 011 943 A1, it is known to guide two forming parts alternately over the strand. The forming parts may have inlet ramps, but do not have ramps extending in the longitudinal direction of the strand that continuously deform it. The inlet sections are provided solely to facilitate the material feed.

[0013] DE 10 2014 019 220 A1 teaches how to form a smooth strand using differently shaped rollers.

[0014] US 2005 / 0 269 016 A1 discloses forming by means of a plurality of roller pairs arranged one behind the other with different gaps between the rollers of each pair.

[0015] The 2011 / 0135886 A1 also teaches transformation using splits between the rollers of a pair of rollers.

[0016] JP 59 179 228 A discloses the continuous forming of cross-sectional shapes that vary over the length by means of a pair of acentrically mounted rollers and the gap formed between them which cyclically changes shape during the rotation of the rollers.

[0017] One problem with the previously known systems, and especially the aforementioned techniques, is that the fiber semi-finished product is not formed in a continuous process, but rather only individual fiber-shaped semi-finished products are produced, and / or wrinkling or waviness occurs in the fiber-shaped semi-finished product. Wrinkling, undulation, or non-parallelism of the fiber semi-finished product in the fiber-shaped semi-finished product leads to inhomogeneities and undesirable and difficult-to-plan weakening of the workpiece.

[0018] The object of the present invention is therefore to solve at least some of the aforementioned problems in the production of endless fiber molded semi-finished products.

[0019] The present invention thus relates to a forming device according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of a device or system are given by the dependent claims. Furthermore, the following description also discloses an unclaimed method for continuous forming, in particular for the production of endless fiber-based semi-finished products, and an unclaimed corresponding workpiece.

[0020] Fiber semi-finished products are understood to be materials consisting of several fibers, such as natural fibers, glass fibers, or synthetic fibers like plastic or carbon fiber, where the fibers together define a material that has both a width and length dimension. In particular, such a material is several meters long and / or several decimeters wide and / or less than ten centimeters thick. Fiber semi-finished products are generally rovings and / or non-woven fabrics, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and / or crocheted fabrics, where the individual fibers are usually sewn or woven together. Preferably, fiber semi-finished products and / or layers of non-undulated fibers are used, where the fibers are particularly sewn together. In particular, rovings and / or non-woven fabrics are used or incorporated into the workpiece. The workpiece can consist of one fiber semi-finished product or several, particularly stacked, fiber semi-finished products.A fiber semi-finished product can have one, in particular two, but also several fiber layers arranged one above the other and connected to each other, in particular sewn together. In particular, the fibers of a fiber layer are also connected to each other, in particular sewn together. In the method, the device and / or system, in particular at least two fiber semi-finished products are arranged one above the other and guided together, in particular by the forming device. The device, the forming device and / or the system are in particular configured for joint guidance.Furthermore, the fiber semi-finished product can be made of dry fiber material, such as a mono- or multiaxial fabric made of glass and / or carbon fibers, glass fleece, recycled carbon fleece, thermosetting and / or thermoplastic plastic, as well as prepreg material (preimpregnated fibres material), i.e. dry fiber material that is treated, impregnated and / or coated with a plastic.

[0021] A forming device for continuous forming is understood to be, in particular, a device in which an interruption of the forming process or of the fiber semi-finished product to be formed, especially cutting and / or cutting of the fiber semi-finished product, is not necessary for and / or during the forming process. Thus, the present device and method differ fundamentally from devices and methods that are only suitable for accomplishing forming by interrupting the feeding of the fiber semi-finished product and / or by cutting it. Compared to these forming devices from the prior art, some of which are also referred to as quasi-endless, the forming device and method according to the invention do not require a stop, nor does the material need to be stopped or cut at specific intervals in order to be subsequently processed or formed.In comparison to forming devices and methods from the prior art, which at most comprise a quasi-infinite forming process, the advantage arises that the forming process, as well as downstream or upstream connected devices and their processes, do not have to be interrupted, thus enabling reproducible forming of the fiber semi-finished product and economical process control. Any inaccuracies, for example, caused by an inconsistently uniform stop or cutting that does not always occur in the same sections, and thus resulting in unevenly shaped fiber semi-finished products, are therefore avoided by means of the forming device or method according to the invention.

[0022] The invention also offers significant advantages over known continuous processes, such as forming by means of successive gaps in apertures or between two rollers of a roller pair.

[0023] The inventors recognized, in particular, that the material to be formed, the fiber semi-finished product, should be supported on one side and its freedom of movement further restricted, at least locally, on another side opposite the first side, for example, by being pressed against it and / or guided. This further restriction is achieved with respect to the guide surface at at least one constant location and / or area where the fiber semi-finished product is guided, in particular by means of a gap that is fixed relative to the guide surface and through which the fiber semi-finished product is guided. For this purpose, the inventors specifically provided for the use of forming tools and the guide surfaces defined by them for support, and for the further restriction of movement using hold-down devices and their contact surfaces. This further restriction is achieved, in particular, transversely to a first direction, a feed direction of the fiber semi-finished product through the forming device.In comparison to the state of the art, the inventors have recognized that the further local restriction and the surface guidance together bring about a multitude of advantages, in particular a reduction and especially the prevention of undulation and wrinkling.

[0024] This applies in particular to the use of fibers, especially carbon fibers, which are altered by forming in longitudinal direction, in particular by bending.

[0025] According to the invention, a forming device has at least one, in particular at least two, hold-down devices and at least one forming tool.

[0026] The at least one blank holder has a contact surface. This contact surface is specifically designed to be brought into contact with the fiber semi-finished product to be processed, and in particular formed, by means of the forming device. The blank holder has a surface, wherein at least a part of this surface constitutes the contact surface. It is particularly conceivable that the blank holder is rotatably mounted, in particular about its longitudinal axis, and in particular its central axis, wherein, for example, in such an advantageous embodiment of the blank holder, different parts of the contact surface come into contact with the fiber semi-finished product at different times. In particular, each blank holder has at least one, and in particular exactly one, contact surface.

[0027] The hold-down can also be designed as a planar element, similar to the forming tool, so that in every cross-section over a certain length of the forming tool, at least 10 cm, a gap is formed between the forming tool and the hold-down, the shape of which changes continuously from one cross-section to the next and / or over that certain length. For example, the hold-down can have a guide surface that runs parallel to the guide surface of the forming tool. In this way, the gap can be made significantly larger in two spatial directions than in the third, in particular by at least five times, especially measured by the imaginary bending of the surfaces into planes. In particular, the surfaces forming the gap in this variant are not planar, but curved surfaces, especially surfaces that are screwed and / or twisted in space and which, in particular, maintain a constant distance.The parallelism of the surfaces is to be seen particularly locally and is to be considered given in particular when / in the area where the surfaces have a constant distance from each other.

[0028] Advantageously, the gap is designed such that it has a length of at least 10 cm in the direction of tension of the fiber semi-finished product or in the first direction, and its shape changes continuously over this length, but in particular its cross-sectional area and / or its gap height do not change. This gap could also be understood as a continuous implementation of the non-continuous situation in which slit baffles known from the prior art are arranged one after the other but spaced apart, directly adjacent to each other and touching without a gap, with only very slight changes in the slit shape between two successive baffles.

[0029] According to the invention, the at least one forming tool defines, and in particular forms, and / or has a guide surface. The forming tool is advantageously a component, particularly a planar component, which in particular has a guide surface and / or a linkage, partial surfaces, and / or support points that define a common guide surface. In particular, edges, ends, and / or outer surfaces of the at least one forming tool define and / or form the at least one guide surface. The forming tool has an inlet and an outlet opposite the inlet. When forming a fiber semi-finished product, the fiber semi-finished product is inserted into the inlet, guided over the guide surface, and thereby formed under at least temporary interaction with the at least one blank holder, and is then transferred in the outlet, in particular to any downstream devices.

[0030] For the purpose of defining certain orientations, a first direction is repeatedly used below. This direction is based on the direction of the feed or the direction of movement of the fiber semi-finished product through the forming device, in particular via the forming tool, especially the guide surface. Advantageously, the first direction is the direction of movement or thrust, in particular the feed direction of the fiber semi-finished product, or a component (in particular by vector decomposition in the horizontal and vertical Cartesian coordinate system along the axes) of the direction of movement or thrust, in particular the feed direction of the fiber semi-finished product.Advantageously, the first direction, in particular the feed direction, is parallel to a first forming plane at least at the first and / or second and / or third plane and / or at the inlet, and / or corresponds to a first forming plane, in particular to at least one of the vectors spanning the first forming plane and its direction. In particular, the inlet section and / or the outlet section and / or the inlet and / or the outlet are arranged in the first forming plane, in particular such that the fiber semi-finished product is guided in the plane, in particular via at least one line in the plane and / or a surface section of the plane, wherein the line or surface section extends in particular over the width of the fiber semi-finished product.Advantageously, the first direction corresponds to the average feed directions of a fiber semi-finished product moving through the forming section. It should be noted that the feed direction of the fiber semi-finished product differs between different points on the forming tool, particularly both across the width of the fiber semi-finished product and across its passage through the forming device.

[0031] According to the invention, the at least one blank holder extends at least over a forming section of the at least one forming tool and / or the guide surface defined by the at least one forming tool, extending along at least the first direction. A forming section is thus defined, in particular, by the extension, especially the longitudinal extension, of at least one blank holder and at least one forming tool and / or a guide surface, and / or extends, in particular along its longitudinal extension, along the first direction.

[0032] According to the invention, the forming section extends from a first plane towards the outgoing end. The first plane is, in particular, transverse, and especially perpendicular, to the first direction and / or to a longitudinal extent of at least one hold-down device and / or at least one forming tool. The first plane is the plane closest to the incoming end in which the at least one guide surface in the first plane has at least one first concave section of the cut line. When assessing a concave section of the cut line, as distinct from a convex one, the forming tool is viewed starting from the guide surface. The curvature that forms the concave section of the cut line thus points or projects from the guide surface into the object, here the forming tool, compared to an object without such a curvature. This becomes particularly clear when one considers the forming tool, if applicable.imagines a thicker wall, for example with a wall thickness of several centimeters or meters, than is actually the case, and that this additional imagined wall thickness extends away from the guide surface.

[0033] For example, if one considers a straight line from two points that lie on both sides outside the relevant section of the cutting line, on the cutting line and on the guide surface, this line does not intersect the guide surface and is at least partially separated from the guide surface and / or cutting line, with the forming tool being located on the same side of the line as the guide surface between the two points. A concave section of the cutting line is understood to mean both a curvature in the sense of a curve and a curvature characterized by at least one kink or discontinuity in the curve.

[0034] The first plane represents, in particular, an imaginary plane that runs through or intersects the forming device, especially the forming section, and / or that extends transversely to the longitudinal extent of the forming device, especially the forming section, and / or the blank holder and / or the forming tool, and / or that extends transversely, especially perpendicularly, to the first direction. A section of the cutting line is understood to be, in particular, a section or part of a line of a cut along the first plane through the guide surface and / or the forming tool and / or the forming section, for example, similar to a section of a plane with a sphere, which, at least if the center of the circle lies in the plane, has a circle as its cutting line.If – which is impractical and therefore purely hypothetical – the sphere's surface or a portion thereof were to represent the guide surface, all sections of the cut line would be convex. If one were to consider a spherical shell and view its inner surface or a portion thereof as the guide surface – again purely hypothetically – all sections of the cut line would be concave. In particular, the forming section begins in the first plane, in which, as the forming device progresses from the incoming section, the guide surface first exhibits a concave section of the cut line within this plane.

[0035] In this first plane, the guide surface also has a convex section according to the invention.

[0036] In a second plane, which is truly parallel to the first plane and therefore parallel but not identical, the guide surface has at least one second concave section of the cut line. Specifically, the second plane is the plane closest to the outgoing surface and has at least one concave section of the cut line. The concave sections of the cut line, particularly those of the first and second planes, can be identical or different.

[0037] Advantageously, the device has at least two concave cutting line sections in the first and / or second plane and / or at least two convex cutting line sections in the first plane. Such an advantageous development makes it particularly easy and precise to form a profile with two opposing bends and / or kinks in the cross-section, for example a Z-, hat-, U-, double-T- or omega-shaped profile.

[0038] In particular, the device is set up, the method is carried out, and / or the workpiece is designed such that the workpiece and / or the deflected shape is an L-, U-, Z-, hat-, or Ω (omega) profile, or a closed profile such as an O-profile or a rectangular profile, or a profile with multiple enclosed cavities such as a double rectangular profile. A closed profile or a profile with one or more completely enclosed cavities can be achieved, for example, by a forming process in which the sides of the fiber semi-finished product are brought together or at least one side of the fiber semi-finished product is deflected and brought back to the fiber semi-finished product.

[0039] Some arrangements of the at least one hold-down device and the at least one forming tool are particularly preferred. The inventors have found that the following arrangement of the hold-down device and the forming tool, and thus of the contact surface and the guide surface in the first and second planes, is particularly advantageous.

[0040] It is therefore preferred that a first length between the contact surface and the guide surface in the first plane has a length in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times, in particular 0.9 to 1.1 times, in particular 0.95 to 1.05 times, in particular one time, of a second length between the contact surface and the guide surface in the first plane, and / or that a first length between the contact surface and the guide surface in the first plane is in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times, in particular 0.9 to 1.1 times, in particular 0.95 to 1.05 times, in particular one time, of a second length between the contact surface and the guide surface in the first plane. The first length is measured along a first surface normal of the guide surface on the concave section of the cut line in the first plane. The second length is measured along a second surface normal of the guide surface on the concave section of the cut line in the first plane.According to the invention, the first and second surface normals in the first plane are at an angle between 30° and 45° to each other. The first length is thus, for example, approximately the same length as the second length, with the surface normals used for this determination intersecting at an angle between 30° and 45°. In particular, the surface normals do not directly adjoin each other, but are spaced apart from one another, especially in the concave section of the intersection line, such that both surface normals intersect at an angle between 30° and 45°. This ensures, for example, that the blank holder forming the contact surface is located near a section of the guide surface where the forming is to take place, and thus a concave section, for example for the bend in an L, U, hat, or omega profile, is formed in this section of the intersection line.

[0041] This condition is also met if the first and second lengths have a magnitude of zero, meaning the hold-down device rests on the guide surface at both surface normals. In particular, all lengths measured along the surface normals located between the first and second surface normals also have a length within the specified range. Specifically, the surface normals that fulfill the stated conditions and have the greatest distance from each other when measured along the line of intersection are considered as the first and second lengths, if possible.

[0042] According to the invention, a third length between the contact surface and the guide surface in the second plane has a length in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times, in particular 0.9 to 1.1 times, in particular 0.95 to 1.05 times, in particular one time, of a fourth length between the contact surface and the guide surface in the second plane, and / or a third length between the contact surface and the guide surface in the second plane is in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times, in particular 0.9 to 1.1 times, in particular 0.95 to 1.05 times, in particular one time, of a fourth length between the contact surface and the guide surface in the second plane. The third length is measured along a third surface normal of the guide surface on the concave section of the cut line in the second plane. The fourth length is measured along a fourth surface normal of the guide surface on the concave section of the cut line in the second plane.According to the invention, the third and fourth surface normals in the second plane are positioned at an angle between 30° and 45° to each other. The third length thus has, for example, approximately the same length as the fourth length, wherein the surface normals used for this purpose do not directly adjoin each other, but are spaced apart from each other in the concave section of the cutting line such that both surface normals intersect at an angle between 30° and 45°. This ensures, for example, that the hold-down device forming the contact surface is located near a section of the guide surface where the forming is to take place, and thus a concave section, for example for the bend in an L, U, hat, or omega profile, is formed in this section of the cutting line.

[0043] This condition is also met if the third and fourth lengths have a magnitude of zero, meaning the hold-down clamp rests against the guide surface. This condition is also met if the third and fourth lengths have a magnitude of zero, meaning the hold-down clamp rests against both surface normals on the guide surface. In particular, all lengths measured along the surface normals located between the third and fourth surface normals also have a length within the specified range. Specifically, the surface normals considered to be the third and fourth that fulfill the stated conditions and have the greatest distance from each other when measured along the intersection line are considered.

[0044] In particular, the first, second, third, and / or fourth length is a first, second, third, and / or fourth distance between the contact surface and the guide surface in the respective first or second plane. The first and / or third length, like the first and / or second, can also be zero, especially the distance can also be zero, particularly if no fiber semi-finished product is present between the blank holder and the forming tool, and / or if the blank holder is pressed against the guide surface by a spring-loaded and / or spring-loaded force, and especially if a fiber semi-finished product is inserted between the blank holder and the guide surface, and / or can form a gap.In particular, the above requirements for the relative position of the hold-down and guide surface (especially first, second, third and / or fourth length) are also met if a fiber semi-finished product, especially of homogeneous and / or constant thickness over length and / or width, is located between the hold-down and guide surface.

[0045] Advantageously, the first, second, third and / or fourth length and / or distance is a maximum of 10 dm and / or the hold-down and / or the guide surface and / or the forming tool is arranged such that the first, second, third and / or fourth length and / or distance is a maximum of 10 dm.

[0046] Furthermore, according to the invention, the first length is in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times, in particular 0.9 to 1.1 times, in particular 0.95 to 1.05 times, in particular one time, the third length. This ensures, for example, that the forming in the first plane is identical or at least similar, and in particular precise, to that in the second plane. Thus, a uniform forming of a fiber semi-finished product is advantageously achieved when using a forming device according to the invention.

[0047] This condition is also met if the third and first lengths have a value of zero, i.e., the hold-down device is in contact with the guide surface.

[0048] Both the first and second planes thus intersect the guide surface, resulting in a cutting line in the guide surface in each case. According to the invention, the cutting line of the at least one guide surface with the first plane differs from the cutting line of the at least one guide surface with the second plane. For example, the cutting line in the first plane, starting from a first end of the cutting line, has a first section with a first section length and a second section adjoining the first section and extending to the end of the cutting line opposite the first end of the cutting line in the first plane or to a further section adjoining the second section, with a second section length. The cutting line in the second plane, starting from a first end which lies on the same side end of the guide surface as the first end of the cutting line in the first plane,a first section with a third section length and a second section adjoining the first section and extending to the end of the section line opposite the first end of the section line in the second plane or to a further section adjoining the second section with a fourth section length, wherein the first section length differs from the third section length and / or the second section length differs from the fourth section length, and wherein in both the first and second planes the first section extends, in particular at least on average, along a direction which differs from the direction in which the second section extends, in particular at least on average.

[0049] The forming device according to the invention differs from prior art forming devices, particularly due to the concave cutting line section, in addition to other cutting line sections and their arrangement. With the aid of a guide surface and contact surfaces according to the invention, it is particularly possible to achieve the continuous production of a material, especially fiber semi-finished products, formed in the forming device according to the invention, wherein, by means of the cutting line section according to the invention, the material exhibits few to no wrinkles from the forming process. Advantageously, the forming section has a length of more than 1 cm, in particular more than 1 dm, and / or a length of a maximum of 10 m, in particular a maximum of 5 m. Advantageously, the forming section has a width of more than 1 cm, in particular more than 1 dm, and / or a width of a maximum of 5 m, in particular in the first plane.Advantageously, the fiber semi-finished product is guided through the forming device, in particular drawn, and the shape and / or profile of the fiber semi-finished product is processed across its width by the forming device, in particular deflected. In particular, the fiber semi-finished product is introduced across its width, and especially its elongated width, in a plane, in particular an entry plane.

[0050] Advantageously, the distance between the first and second planes, particularly measured along the first direction, is greater than the first and third lengths, in particular by at least 10 times. In particular, the distance between the first and second planes, particularly measured along the first direction, is greater than 30 cm, in particular greater than 50 cm, and in particular greater than 100 cm. The forming device according to the invention is therefore advantageously a device with a forming section that has a longitudinal extent greater than the distance between the blank holder and the forming tool or the contact surface and the guide surface, or the section or gap in which the material, in particular fiber semi-finished products, is formed or deflected.

[0051] Advantageously, at least one contact surface of the at least one hold-down device, and in particular each contact surface of the at least one hold-down device and / or all hold-down devices, intersected with a plane transverse, in particular perpendicular, to the first direction, especially in the first and / or second and / or a further plane truly parallel to the first and / or second, has a first convex hold-down section. In particular, the hold-down device, with its contact surface, has a convex hold-down section that is, in particular approximately and / or exactly, complementary to the concave section of the guide surface or a portion thereof of at least 50%, in a plane transverse, in particular perpendicular, to the first direction, especially in the first and / or second and / or a further plane truly parallel to the first and / or second.Such a geometry of the blank holder allows for particularly advantageous forming, especially due to a relatively large-area and simultaneously targeted contact only in precisely those sections where the material, particularly fiber semi-finished products, is to be formed or deflected. In particular, the complementarity must be assessed when placing a fiber semi-finished product on the guide surface and considering the surface of the fiber semi-finished product facing away from the guide surface as the guide surface.

[0052] Advantageously, the at least one guide surface and / or contact surface has a ramp and / or is at least partially designed as a ramp. In particular, the device is designed to draw the fiber semi-finished product over this ramp and / or along this ramp over a surface area, particularly over a length of at least 10 cm, particularly at least 0.5 m, and particularly over the width of the ramp. Advantageously, the guide surface forms the ramp at least in a central area, particularly in the central area of ​​the width of the guide surface and / or the forming section and / or the forming device and / or in the central area transversely, particularly perpendicularly, to the first direction. Such a design particularly facilitates simple processing, forming, or...Deflection of the material, in particular fiber semi-finished products, into the desired shape without causing wrinkling in the material, in particular fiber semi-finished products, during and through the forming process, whereby continuous production of the shaped material, in particular fiber semi-finished products, is possible. In particular, the ramp extends at least from the first to the second level.

[0053] Advantageously, in a third plane arranged between the first and second planes and parallel to the first and / or second plane, in particular truly parallel, the guide surface has both a concave and a convex section of the cut line, wherein the distance of the third plane to the first plane and / or to the second plane is at least 20% of the extent of the forming section and / or at least 0.2 m and / or the third plane is arranged between the first and second planes.

[0054] Accordingly, the third plane also intersects the guide surface, thus forming a line of intersection with it. Advantageously, the line of intersection of the at least one guide surface in the first plane differs from the line of intersection of the guide surface in the third plane. Advantageously, the first segment distance between the concave and convex segments of the intersection line in the first plane differs from the second segment distance between the concave and convex segments of the intersection line in the third plane. Advantageously, the first segment distance is smaller than the second segment distance, in particular by at least 10% of the second segment distance.The advantageous design of the guide surface in the first and third levels makes it particularly easy to change the shape without creating additional stresses in the material, especially fiber semi-finished products, which could lead to wrinkles or undulations in the material during and through the forming or deflection process.

[0055] Advantageously, the at least one blank holder has a first longitudinal extension, wherein the first longitudinal extension is not parallel to the first direction and / or to a feed direction, particularly at the entry point, and / or to a first forming plane and / or to a tangential surface of the forming tool, but is tangential to the entry point and parallel to the first direction and / or a feed direction, and in particular is not parallel to the plane that best approximates the shape of the guide surface at the entry point. Such an advantageous design of the first longitudinal extension of the blank holder thus results in an arrangement of the blank holder such that the formed profile changes during the forming process and / or a deflection of the fiber semi-finished product during its translation through the forming section.

[0056] Advantageously, the at least one hold-down has a first longitudinal extent and / or a lateral extent, wherein the first longitudinal extent does not extend perpendicular to the first direction and / or to a feed direction, particularly at the inlet, and / or to a first forming plane and / or to a tangential surface of the forming tool, but extends tangentially at the inlet and parallel to the first direction and / or a feed direction, and in particular does not extend perpendicular to the plane that best approximates the shape of the guide surface at the inlet. The hold-down according to the invention is therefore advantageously not a roller having an axis of symmetry and / or longitudinal extent perpendicular to the first direction and / or feed direction, wherein the roller is rotatably mounted along this extent and an axis parallel thereto to support and advance the feed of the fiber semi-finished product.

[0057] Advantageously, the hold-down has a first longitudinal extension and the guide surface has a second longitudinal extension, in particular parallel to the first longitudinal extension, wherein the ratio of the first longitudinal extension to the second longitudinal extension, in particular their lengths, is in the range of 0.8 to 1.2, in particular from 0.9 to 1.1, and in particular the length of the first longitudinal extension corresponds to the length of the second longitudinal extension.

[0058] Advantageously, the relative position between the at least one blank holder and the at least one forming tool and / or the at least one guide surface and / or the first, second, third and / or fourth length can be controlled and varied. Advantageously, with such control, the distance between the blank holder and its contact surface and the guide surface can be increased before the start of the insertion of a fiber semi-finished product, so that the fiber semi-finished product can be guided into the entry and the beginning of the forming section, in particular into the convex and concave section of the cutting line in the first and especially also the second plane.The distance can then be reduced again so that the fiber semi-finished product can be brought into contact with the contact surface and / or the guide surface or brought close to it, and then the forming process can be carried out in continuous operation in the normal forming process; the requirements for the first, second, third and / or fourth lengths are given in particular at least during continuous operation and / or the close-contact state.

[0059] Advantageously, the mold is designed as a single piece and / or in one piece, particularly as a single-piece and / or in one-piece preform. Alternatively, the mold is advantageously formed from a plurality of mold parts. The single-piece and / or in-piece preform, or alternatively the plurality of mold parts together, define, delimit, and / or form the guide surface.

[0060] Advantageously, the forming device has at least two blank holders, wherein the first blank holder spacing between two blank holders in the first plane is smaller than the second blank holder spacing between the two blank holders in the second and / or third plane. Alternatively, the forming device advantageously has at least one blank holder which, in the first plane and transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the first direction, has a first extension that is smaller than a second extension of the blank holder in the second and / or third plane transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the first direction. The spacing of the blank holders or the ends of the blank holder's width thus advantageously change during the forming process, with the spacing between the blank holders or the width of the blank holder increasing.

[0061] Advantageously, the hold-down device is spring-mounted, particularly relative to the forming tool. This allows for a particularly simple and gentle contact with the material to be processed, especially to be deformed or redirected, particularly fiber semi-finished products.

[0062] Advantageously, the hold-down device is rotatably mounted about a first axis parallel to its longitudinal extent and / or the contact surface of the hold-down device, in particular its outermost layer, consists of a material with a low coefficient of friction, in particular a coefficient of friction, in particular static friction ( µH), in particular with the fiber semi-finished product as a reference point, of less than 0.8, in particular a maximum of 0.7, and / or more than 0.01, in particular at least 0.03, in particular made of polyoxymethylene and / or polytetrafluoroethylene, for example Teflon, or the contact surface of the blank holder is coated with polyoxymethylene and / or polytetrafluoroethylene, for example Teflon. The purpose of this coating is to achieve the lowest possible friction, since friction could exert a force that acts against the feed direction and can lead to wrinkling. In contrast, some rollers in the prior art have a coating to achieve high friction in order to selectively spread and stretch or advance and / or pull the material. Such an approach is not pursued by means of the blank holders according to the invention.

[0063] Advantageously, the longitudinal extent of at least one contact surface, which runs parallel to the first direction, comprises at least 60% of the extent of the forming section parallel to the first direction, wherein, in particular, the contact surface is continuous over at least 50% of its longitudinal extent. Advantageously, the contact surface is not part of a roller that merely supports and propels the advance or feed of the fiber semi-finished product and / or fiber-formed semi-finished product, but rather extends not only over a small portion of the length of the forming section or only over the width of the forming section, but over a substantial portion, namely at least 60%, of the length of the forming section.

[0064] Advantageously, the at least one guide surface of the at least one forming tool and / or the at least one forming tool itself has a heating device and / or a cooling device, in particular arranged on the side of the first guide surface facing away from the contact surface of the blank holder and / or within the forming tool and / or its wall, in particular the wall whose boundary is formed by the guide surface, and / or the at least one first guide surface of the at least one forming tool is heatable and / or coolable. This advantageously allows binders containing the fiber semi-finished product to be activated or their setting to be reduced in the forming section by the forming tool, or heat introduced due to friction to be dissipated.

[0065] Advantageously, the at least one forming tool and / or the at least one guide surface on the first plane has a first transverse extension in the first plane, in particular parallel to the forming plane, and the at least one blank holder, in particular all blank holders, and / or the at least one contact surface, in particular all contact surfaces, in the first plane, in particular parallel to the forming plane, has a second transverse extension, wherein the first transverse extension is longer than the second transverse extension, in particular by at least 50% of the second transverse extension. Advantageously, the at least one forming tool and / or the at least one guide surface in the first plane, with its first transverse extension, at least partially encloses the second transverse extension, in particular at least 80% of the second transverse extension, of the at least one blank holder and / or the at least one contact surface in the first plane and / or third plane.

[0066] Advantageously, the deflecting means and / or the at least one forming tool, in particular the inlet section and / or the at least one guide surface, in particular an edge of the guide surface, has an inlet element.

[0067] The inlet element can be formed integrally with the guide surface and / or separately. It can be directly connected to the guide surface or spaced apart from it, and is located, in particular, between the feed mechanism, especially at least one deflector, and the guide surface. It is designed such that the fiber semi-finished product must travel different distances across its width over the inlet element and / or be induced by the inlet element before encountering the guide surface, in particular such that it at least partially, and especially completely, compensates for the difference in path length across the width of the fiber semi-finished product as it passes over the guide surface. For this purpose, it has different curvatures and / or radii along its extension perpendicular to the first direction and / or parallel to the width of the fiber semi-finished product.In particular, it is spherically shaped and / or has at least one rounding, the surface lines of which, in the direction of the transport of the fiber semi-finished product over the inlet element, are in particular circular and / or elliptical arc segments, the axis of rotation or axis of which is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing and through the center of gravity parallel to the width of the fiber semi-finished product during transport over the inlet element, deflecting means and / or the beginning of the guide surface.

[0068] Alternatively and / or additionally, the inlet element can be designed such that it has different widths along its longitudinal extent, in particular perpendicular to the first direction and / or parallel to the longitudinal extent of a deflecting element and / or parallel to the width of the fiber semi-finished product, and / or is designed such that the contact length of the fiber semi-finished product with the inlet element varies across the width of the fiber semi-finished product, in particular decreasing towards the outside. The inlet element can thus, for example, be designed with surface areas that decrease towards the outside along its longitudinal extent.

[0069] Advantageously, the deflecting means and / or the at least one mold tool, in particular the entry section and / or the at least one guide surface, and / or the entry element, has a bend of at most 1 rad, in particular at most 0.5 rad, in particular at most 0.1 rad, in particular at most 0.05 rad, in a transition plane transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the transition plane and parallel to the first direction, wherein the first plane lies between the transition plane and the second and / or third plane. Advantageously, the guide surface thus has a bend at the beginning of the guide surface, wherein the bend is preferably small, namely less than 0.5 rad.

[0070] Advantageously, the at least one contact surface and the at least one guide surface are designed such that the contact surface is smaller than the guide surface.

[0071] The problem is also solved by a system for the continuous production of, in particular, endless, fiber-based semi-finished products. According to the invention, the system includes a supply device. The supply device provides the fiber-based semi-finished product. In particular, the supply device merely provides the fiber-based semi-finished product and does not push it towards other devices of the system according to the invention. According to the invention, the system also includes a pulling device, in particular at the end of the system opposite the supply device, by means of which the fiber-based semi-finished product is removed from the supply device, in particular pulled. Thus, in the system according to the invention, the fiber-based semi-finished product is pulled and not pushed through the system.Furthermore, the system according to the invention comprises a forming device according to the invention and an introduction section arranged between the forming device and the supply device, between the supply device and the pulling device.

[0072] An advantage of the system according to the invention is that, due to the drawing of the fiber semi-finished product through the forming device and the use of a forming device according to the invention, the production of a, in particular endless, fiber-shaped semi-finished product is easier to realize, whereby the formation of wrinkles or undulations during and through the passage of the fiber semi-finished product through the forming device is at least largely reduced.

[0073] All previously described features and their advantages with regard to the forming device according to the invention can also be advantageously implemented in the system according to the invention.

[0074] Advantageously, the inlet section has at least one first deflection means, in particular a deflection roller and / or deflection plate, for guiding the extracted fiber semi-finished product, wherein in particular one, in particular all, shortest connection vector(s) from the deflection means to the inlet to the first direction include an angle of less than or equal to 90°.

[0075] Advantageously, the infeed element, in particular its edge in or adjacent to an infeed plane perpendicular to the first plane, is convex, and / or the deflection element, in particular its edge and / or in or adjacent to a deflection plane perpendicular to the first plane and / or parallel to the infeed plane, is convex. Such a design of the infeed element and / or the deflection element makes it particularly easy to prevent wrinkling, since this design ensures that the outer surfaces of the fiber semi-finished product and / or fiber-molded semi-finished product are guided in such a way that they are only later engaged and / or tautened by the infeed element or the deflection element during the guidance process towards the outfeed. Thus, the fiber semi-finished product in the outer areas has a shorter path from the deflection element to the infeed element.The shorter path taken by the deflection to the exit point is at least partially compensated for, so that when the fiber is pulled through the drawing device behind the forming device, the tension is as uniform as possible across the entire width of the fiber semi-finished product. The advantage of this is that the stress caused by the forming process on the fiber semi-finished product is distributed as evenly as possible across its width in the feed direction. It is therefore preferred to design the device and / or the system and / or the method such that the path taken by the fiber semi-finished product, particularly through the device and / or the system, is constant across its width.Since this is not the case over the forming section, it is preferred that the resulting difference in path length over the width be at least partially, and in particular completely, compensated for in another, especially upstream, section. Advantageously, at least one injection device and / or impregnation device for applying a binder, for example a resin, is arranged before and / or after the forming device and / or in the forming section. Advantageously, a curing device is arranged after the injection device and / or impregnation device or on and / or after the forming device and / or the forming section, in particular before the curing device. An injection device and / or impregnation device is not required for a fiber semi-finished product already coated with a binder.By means of a spraying device and / or impregnation device, a binder is advantageously added to the system, particularly in the case of an untreated fiber semi-finished product or a fiber semi-finished product without a binder contained therein, which is subsequently cured, for example by means of the curing device, so that the profile of the fiber semi-finished product formed by means of the forming device remains in this shape and is stiffened in it.

[0076] A method using a system and / or a forming device according to the invention is also disclosed.

[0077] A method for forming a fiber half-sheet is also disclosed. In this method, the fiber semi-finished product and / or fiber-shaped semi-finished product is drawn, in particular by means of a drawing device, through a forming device comprising at least one hold-down device and at least one forming tool. Prior to this, it is drawn or removed, in particular from a supply device. Advantageously, the forming device is a forming device according to the invention, particularly within a system according to the invention. The workpiece is advantageously drawn over the guide surface, in particular measured in the direction of the pull, especially in projection onto the guide surface and / or in the first and / or second drawing plane, for a length of at least 10 cm. The guide surface has, in particular, at least one concave section continuously over this length of at least 10 cm.

[0078] In this process, the fiber semi-finished product is formed by deflecting it during drawing through at least one gap. The gap is bounded by at least one first concave section, at least one first guide surface defined by the at least one forming tool, and at least one first contact surface of the blank holder. Advantageously, when using a forming device according to the invention, the first concave section comprises the first concave section of the cutting line, and the gap has the first, second, third, and / or fourth length as its width, length, or gap dimension.

[0079] In contrast to previous methods, the fiber semi-finished product and / or fiber-shaped semi-finished product is not pushed through the system, but pulled. This necessitated several modifications to the forming device, the system, and the process. Furthermore, pulling through the gap enables the production of a continuous fiber-shaped semi-finished product, while the process and the forming device prevent or reduce wrinkling.

[0080] Advantageously, the fiber semi-finished product is drawn over a convex section of the guide surface, particularly at a first end, especially at a first end of the forming device facing the supply device. At least at the first end, the fiber semi-finished product is thus advantageously drawn partially and / or temporarily over a concave section and partially over a convex section of the guide surface.

[0081] Advantageously, the gap has a maximum height and / or a maximum distance between the guide surface and the hold-down device of no more than 10 dm, and / or the hold-down device and / or the guide surface and / or the forming tool is arranged such that the gap has a maximum height and / or a maximum distance between the guide surface and the hold-down device of no more than 10 dm.

[0082] Advantageously, in the process the transformation of the fiber semi-finished product into the fiber-shaped semi-finished product is effected at least partially by deflecting the fiber semi-finished product during the drawing of the fiber semi-finished product by drawing it through the at least one gap, wherein the fiber semi-finished product is drawn through a gap of at least 0.1 mm, in particular at least 0.5 m, in height.

[0083] Advantageously, a line, in particular an imaginary line, is drawn across the width of the fiber semi-finished product, in particular perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the fiber semi-finished product or to the direction of tension and / or first direction and / or feed direction, simultaneously through the gap, and in particular thus the concave section, and across the convex section, in particular over at least 20 cm and / or at least a length equal to the width of the fiber semi-finished product.

[0084] Advantageously, a first section of a line, particularly a central section and / or abutting the midpoint of the width, is drawn across the width of the fiber semi-finished product from a first forming plane into a second forming plane that is truly parallel to the first forming plane. Advantageously, a second section of the line is further drawn across the width of the fiber semi-finished product, particularly exclusively during this process, within the first forming plane. Advantageously, such a first section has a width of at least 5%, and particularly at least 10%, of the width of the fiber semi-finished product in the first forming plane.Advantageously, in particular the distance of the second forming plane to the first forming plane during passage over the forming device and / or a distance measured perpendicular to the extent of the first and / or second section of the line between the first section of the line across the width and the second section of the line across the width during passage over the forming device is increased.

[0085] The first forming plane advantageously extends horizontally and / or parallel to the longitudinal extent of the forming device and / or parallel to a vector starting from the beginning, the end closest to the supply device, the forming device or the gap towards the end, the end closest to the drawing device, the forming device or the gap.

[0086] Advantageously, the starting and / or ending point of the first and / or second section on the line across the width of the fiber semi-finished product changes during the passage of the fiber semi-finished product through the forming device.

[0087] Advantageously, in addition to the first and second sections, a third section of the line is present across the width of the fiber semi-finished product, wherein the third section, in particular its length across the width of the fiber semi-finished product, is increased during the passage of the fiber semi-finished product over the forming device, particularly due to the forming device. Advantageously, the third section is not located in the first forming plane and / or not in the second forming plane and / or the third section is directly adjacent to the first and / or second section. For example, in an omega (Ω) profile, the two lower, outer legs constitute the second section, the middle, upper section the first section, and the two connecting sections that join the legs to the upper section constitute the third section.For example, during the forming process, the middle section / first segment of an initially flat fiber semi-finished product is lifted from a first forming plane to a second forming plane by means of two slots; as the process continues, the middle section / first segment is pulled and lifted further away from the first forming plane / second segment, thus increasing the size of the intermediate section / third segment between the middle section and the leg. The same applies to other profiles, such as L-, Z-, or U-profiles.

[0088] Advantageously, a first, in particular central and / or abutting the midpoint of the width, section of a line across the width of the fiber semi-finished product is drawn during passage over the forming device in a first drawing plane (in particular a first plane of the forming tool, in particular the guide surface, over which the fiber semi-finished product is drawn), and a second section in a second drawing plane (in particular a second plane of the forming tool, in particular the guide surface, over which the fiber semi-finished product is drawn), wherein the first and second drawing planes intersect at a cutting angle of more than 0°, in particular more than 5°, and less than 90°, in particular less than 80°, wherein the cutting line extends in particular over only a portion of the width of the fiber semi-finished product. The first forming plane does not correspond in particular to the first drawing plane.

[0089] Advantageously, the fiber semi-finished product is deflected in a region behind a first end of the forming device facing the supply device during translation along the gap transversely to the first direction. In comparison to previously known methods in the prior art, the material is thus not folded over or folded over by a flank of the guide surface, but rather deflected continuously.

[0090] Advantageously, the fiber semi-finished product is drawn over a ramp formed by the guide surface, particularly the first section. Specifically, the first section is drawn from the first forming plane along the first drawing plane into the second forming plane.

[0091] Advantageously, the fiber semi-finished product is heated and / or cooled by means of the contact surface and / or the forming tool, and / or a binder in the fiber semi-finished product is activated and / or its effect, in particular its stiffness or activity, is influenced. In particular, the fiber semi-finished product is heated before processing, especially deflection, in the forming device and / or before curing, especially in a curing device, and after processing, especially deflection, in the forming device. In particular, the fiber semi-finished product is cooled after processing, especially deflection, in the forming device and / or after heating, especially by means of the contact surface and / or the forming tool, and / or after curing, especially in a curing device.

[0092] In particular, this is done by influencing the fiber semi-finished product so that it is malleable on the forming device. For example, it can be advantageous to heat fiber semi-finished products containing thermoplastics before and during the forming process, especially at the beginning. It can also be beneficial to reduce the malleability after forming, for example, by cooling a thermoplastic or curing a binder, for instance, by heating and / or UV radiation. Thus, it can be advantageous to cool a fiber semi-finished product containing thermoplastics after and / or at the end of its passage through the forming device.

[0093] Advantageously, the fiber semi-finished product is guided by means of at least one deflecting element arranged between the supply device and the forming device such that, across the width of the fiber semi-finished product, the paths of the fiber semi-finished product between the supply device and the end of the forming device furthest from the supply device are at least partially aligned, in particular completely aligned, and / or are constant across the width, in particular all paths across the width of the fiber semi-finished product. For example, this can be achieved by means of a deflecting element whose edge is proportional to the profile, in particular a deflecting element according to the invention and its convex design, and / or by means of an inlet according to the invention and its convex design.Further possibilities are conceivable for the expert, such as additional rollers or lifts, for example at the entry point of the forming tool, or additional deflection devices. The advantage is that the stress caused by the forming process on the fiber semi-finished product is distributed more evenly across its width in the feed direction.

[0094] Advantageously, the fiber semi-finished product and / or fiber-shaped semi-finished product is deflected and / or formed by the forming device by means of tensile forces transverse to the first direction within the forming device, particularly in planes between the first and second planes and parallel to the first and second planes. The advantage of the forming device, the system, and the method according to the invention is therefore that the tensile forces transverse to the feed direction and / or the continuous forming in each section reduce or prevent undulation and wrinkling during the forming process.

[0095] Advantageously, the fiber semi-finished product and / or fiber-shaped semi-finished product is stiffened in the shape deflected by the forming device after forming and / or deflection in the forming device by means of a curing device which is arranged between the drawing device and the forming device.

[0096] Advantageously, the pulling device only pulls the fiber semi-finished product, in particular the fiber-shaped semi-finished product, through the forming device, in particular a section of the fiber semi-finished product stiffened by means of a curing device, in particular according to the invention, and / or fiber-shaped semi-finished product produced thereby.

[0097] Advantageously, the fiber semi-finished product and / or fiber-shaped semi-finished product is cured after forming and / or deflection in the forming device and / or provided with a binder, for example with a resin, in particular by means of a spraying device and / or impregnation device, which is arranged in particular between the forming device and the supply device, before forming and / or deflection in the forming device and / or before curing. Advantageously, the fiber semi-finished product is cured after forming and / or deflection in the forming device and / or after impregnation and / or spraying with a binder, in particular in the spraying device and / or impregnation device, in particular in a curing device, which is arranged in particular between the forming device, in particular the spraying device and / or impregnation device, and the drawing device.

[0098] A method for forming a fiber semi-finished product and / or forming a fiber semi-finished product is also disclosed, wherein the fiber semi-finished product is drawn through a forming device, in particular one according to the invention, wherein the fiber material is processed in the forming device by means of at least one elongated blank holder and at least one forming tool, wherein the fiber semi-finished product is drawn along and / or parallel to a longitudinal axis of the blank holder, and wherein the fiber semi-finished product is drawn along and / or parallel to a gap formed between a concave surface of the forming tool, in particular a guide surface defined by the forming tool, and the contact surface of the blank holder.

[0099] The forming device, the system and the method according to the invention claim different arrangements, partly defined by reference to different levels, including - optionally by means of advantageous further development - the first, second, third level, the first and second forming level, the entry level and the first and second drawing level.

[0100] In principle, these planes are to be assumed to be a mathematical plane in three-dimensional space, which therefore has no limitation in two spatial directions, whereby these planes are primarily only imaginary planes and not structural components that form a plane.

[0101] The first, second, and / or third plane extends similarly to a cross-sectional plane through the forming device or the forming section. According to the invention, the guide surface inherently has a width, length, and height, wherein the height of the guide surface extends along the first and second, and in particular also the third, plane, and the height of the guide surface in the first plane is less than the height of the guide surface in the second plane. In addition to the height, the width of the guide surface also extends along the first and second, and in particular also the third, plane.In particular, the orientation of the first, second and / or third plane is chosen such that the and / or all shortest extent(s) of the guide surface, which lies parallel to the width of the fiber semi-finished product and passes through a point of the respective plane, lies completely in this plane and / or the first, second and / or third plane lies parallel to the width of the fiber semi-finished product and / or perpendicular to the first direction.

[0102] The fiber semi-finished product is in particular a fiber semi-finished product with a width of at least 1 m, in particular at least 1.2 m, and / or a maximum of 5 m, in particular a maximum of 3 m.

[0103] Advantageously, the forming tool and / or the hold-down device is made of metal, carbon fiber reinforced and / or glass fiber reinforced plastic, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyoxymethylene, wood and / or a mixture of the aforementioned materials.

[0104] Advantageously, the method is carried out and / or the device or system is configured such that the workpiece, fiber-shaped semi-finished product, and / or fiber-based semi-finished product has at least two superimposed fiber layers, wherein the fibers of the at least two fiber layers have at least two different longitudinal orientations, and wherein the two different longitudinal orientations enclose an angle in the range of 30° to 150°, particularly in the range of 40° to 160°. In particular, the workpiece and / or fiber-shaped semi-finished product has at least two superimposed fiber-based semi-finished products.

[0105] In particular, the device and / or system according to the invention is set up to carry out the method.

[0106] Also disclosed is a workpiece consisting of shaped fiber semi-finished products hardened with binders, wherein the workpiece, shaped fiber semi-finished product and / or fiber semi-finished product has at least two superimposed fiber layers. In particular, the workpiece has at least two superimposed fiber semi-finished products.

[0107] The fibers of the at least two fiber layers preferably have at least two different longitudinal orientations, wherein the two different longitudinal orientations particularly include an angle in the range of 30 to 150°, especially in the range of 40 to 160°. These can be at least two layers with aligned fibers or at least one layer with randomly oriented fibers. Alternatively, at least one longitudinal orientation, especially one layer with aligned longitudinal orientations, lies at an angle in the range of 30 to 150°, especially in the range of 40 to 160°, to the longitudinal orientation of the workpiece and / or to the direction in which it was pultruded and / or drawn during forming. The workpiece has a length of at least 0.5 m, especially at least 1 m, relative to the longitudinal orientation of the workpiece and / or to the direction in which it was pultruded and / or drawn during forming.

[0108] The workpiece exhibits at least one bend in all cross-sections along its length, transversely, and in particular perpendicular to its length. This bending occurs in the fiber semi-finished product, in particular in the at least two layers, and in particular in at least a portion of the fibers of the fiber layers. The fibers of at least one, and in particular in at least two, longitudinal directions of at least one, and in particular in at least two, layer(s) exhibit a bend, in particular by at least 30°, and in particular at least 45°, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the workpiece and / or to the direction in which it was pultruded and / or drawn during forming.

[0109] The fiber layers and / or fiber semi-finished products preferably have an undulation that is less than specified below, which also includes no undulation, and / or the fiber layers are each parallel to each other.

[0110] The maximum undulation height of a fiber layer of the workpiece is a maximum of one quarter of the workpiece thickness or workpiece wall thickness present in the area of ​​the undulation, measured in particular in the direction of the deflection of the undulation, and / or the maximum height of an undulation, also undulation height, of a fiber layer of the workpiece is a maximum of 15% of the width of the undulation, measured in particular perpendicular to the height.

[0111] The undulation height is measured in the direction of the workpiece or wall thickness. The undulation width is measured perpendicular to this. The undulation width is determined by the distance between the points on the hypothetical non-undulated fiber layer where the undulated fiber layer deviates from the hypothetical non-undulated one. The undulation height is determined by the maximum distance between the undulated fiber layer and the hypothetical non-undulated fiber layer.

[0112] The undulation width and / or height are determined in particular as in connection with the Figure 6 and 8 described.

[0113] Advantageously, the workpiece, fiber-shaped semi-finished product and / or the at least one fiber-shaped semi-finished product has at least three, in particular at least four, fiber layers and / or the at least two fiber layers have at least three, in particular four, different longitudinal directions, wherein in particular at least two, in particular at least three, pairs of the longitudinal directions each include an angle in the range of 30 to 150°, in particular in the range of 40 to 160°.

[0114] Advantageously, the workpiece has a fiber content in the range of 40 to 75 vol% based on the workpiece, in particular based on the workpiece formed from fiber and binder or the part formed by fiber and binder, and / or the workpiece and / or this part has a thickness in the range of 1 to 60 mm. Advantageously, the apparatus is configured to produce such a workpiece and / or the method is carried out to produce such a workpiece.

[0115] In particular, the workpiece is manufactured using the method according to the invention and / or has properties described as advantageous.

[0116] The inventive and advantageous features described with respect to the forming device and / or the system can be transferred to the forming device or the system, insofar as this is possible for a person skilled in the art. The disclosed inventive features of the forming device are thus also transferable to the system, and vice versa.

[0117] Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of an exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying purely schematic figures. These figures show: Fig. 1 a sketchy representation of a system according to the invention with a forming device according to the invention using the unclaimed, disclosed method, Fig. 2 a perspective view of the forming device according to the invention and a profile section through it with fiber semi-finished product contained therein, Fig. 3 a profile section through forming devices according to the invention with three different advantageous embodiments of the hold-downs, Fig. 4 a profile section through a forming device according to the invention with an inclined flank in the forming tool and its guide surface, Fig. 5 a top view and a side view of a forming device according to the invention, Fig. 6 shows an illustration of the quantification of the undulation, Fig. 7 shows an illustration of exemplary undulations, Fig. 8 shows an illustration of the quantification of the undulation in a bent workpiece section, Fig.Figure 9 shows an illustration of exemplary undulations in a curved workpiece section, and Figure 10 shows a top view of a forming device according to the invention with two parallel surfaces, each exhibiting a torsion.

[0118] The figures are purely schematic and their representation is limited to components important for understanding the invention.

[0119] The figures contain identical elements with the same reference symbols.

[0120] In the Figure 1 The system according to the invention, including a forming device 13 according to the invention, is shown schematically using the method. The system, the forming device 13, and the method are described in detail in this and the following sections. Figures 1 to 5 illustrated using an exemplary embodiment for an omega shape of a fiber molded semi-finished product.

[0121] In this illustration, a fiber semi-finished product 1 is pulled from left to right, starting on the right side. For this purpose, the fiber semi-finished product 1 is pulled from a supply device 2 by means of a pulling device 12, which is arranged at the end of the processing path of the system. The fiber semi-finished product 1 is pulled and transported through the entire processing path of the system solely by the pulling device 12 through the fiber forming semi-finished product and / or workpiece. Advantageously, the supply device 2 provides an endless fiber semi-finished product 1, or alternatively (not shown), sections of the fiber semi-finished product 1 are provided by the supply device 2. These sections are joined to form an endless fiber semi-finished product after the supply device 2 and before the forming device 13, for example, by sewing. In the exemplary embodiment shown in the Figure 1, the fiber semi-finished product 1 is drawn into the forming device 13 arranged between the supply device 2 and the pulling device 12 by means of a deflecting means 3, for example a deflecting roller, using the pulling device 12.

[0122] The fiber semi-finished product 1 reaches the forming device 13 in an entry plane 4 with a movement direction in the direction of a first direction 11, a feed direction of the fiber semi-finished product 1 in this section of the system. The fiber semi-finished product 1 is drawn over an end-face starting edge of a forming tool 7 of the forming device 12. The forming tool 7, which can be a single piece or consist of several forming tool parts, forms a guide surface 9 for the fiber semi-finished product 1, and the guide surface 9 is therefore defined by the dimensions of the forming tool 7 or all forming tool parts. The dimension is in the Figure 1 Not easily recognizable. For details, please refer to the following. Figure 2 referred.

[0123] The forming device 13 further comprises two hold-down devices 6, which extend over at least a portion of the forming device 13 along its longitudinal extent. Advantageously, the hold-down devices 6 fix the fiber semi-finished product 1 locally, i.e., only in areas of the fiber semi-finished product 1 that are small in relation to the guide surface 9. The hold-down devices 6 each have a contact surface at least partially on their outer surface, particularly on the outer surface facing the fiber semi-finished product 1. With this contact surface, the hold-down devices make contact with two areas of the fiber semi-finished product 1 and locally restrict its freedom of movement. The hold-down devices 6 can each extend over the same total length – for example, at an angle to the horizontal, as shown in the Figure 1The diagram shows the extent of the forming tool 7 and the guide surface 9. However, it is also possible that the hold-downs 6 extend over a shorter or longer distance than the guide surface 9 and the forming tool 7. As shown in the schematic diagram of the Figure 1 As shown, the hold-downs 6 extend essentially only along their longitudinal extent. The guide surface 9, on the other hand, extends both along its longitudinal extent and along the height of the system, i.e., both horizontally and at an angle to the horizontal, and thus spans the height of the system within the forming device 13. The forming tools 7 are arranged such that they, or rather the guide surface 9, approximately reflect the desired shape of the fiber forming semi-finished product, here in this embodiment the omega shape.

[0124] Due to the arrangement of the deflecting means 3, at the same height as or slightly below the arrangement of the end-face edge nearest to the supply device 2, the fiber semi-finished product 1 is drawn over this edge into the forming device 13 and the forming section 16. An advantageous design of this edge is described in the Figure 5 shown.

[0125] In a first plane 5, which may coincide with the inlet plane 4 or be displaced in the direction of the drawing device 12, the hold-downs 6 and the forming tool 7 are arranged such that the contact surface of the first hold-down and that of the second hold-down, together with the guide surface 9, form a gap through which the fiber semi-finished product 1 is drawn. The first plane 5 extends perpendicular to the plane of the schematic diagram. Figure 1However, it is also possible to use a different imaginary first plane; the prerequisite for this first plane is that the first direction does not lie in this plane, or that the fiber semi-finished product 1 is not drawn along or in this plane, but rather perpendicular to this direction. As will be more clearly seen in the following illustrations, the guide surface 9 in the first plane 5 has two concave cut line segments 14. These gaps and concave cut line segments 14 are also present in a second plane 10, which lies parallel to the first plane 5, but shifted in the direction of the first direction 5 and in the direction of the drawing device 12. In particular, a second plane at the end of the hold-down device 6 or the forming tool 7 or guide surface 9 is considered.In such a second level 10, a forming section 16 extends from the first level 5 to the second level 10, in which the fiber semi-finished product 1 is processed, in particular formed and deflected, in the forming device 13 by means of the gaps or the concave cutting line sections 14. At the end, in particular at the end facing and behind the drawing device, of the gaps formed by the guide surface 9 and the hold-down device 6, or of the guide surface 9 or the hold-down device, lies the exit point, at which the fiber semi-finished product 1 is deflected for the last time by the forming device 13, in particular the guide surface 9 and / or the contact surface.

[0126] It should also be noted that in the Figure 1The dashed line shows the course of a central section of the width of the fiber semi-finished product 1, which extends at least at the entry plane 4 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. Other sections extend at least outside the entry plane 4, sometimes deviating from it, for example in the plane of the drawing and perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, for example on the dashed line, as will also be evident from the following figures.

[0127] In the Figure 2 Figure 1 is a perspective view of a forming device 13 according to the invention (left) and a section through it (bottom right), as shown in Figure 2. Fig. 1 The forming device 13 enables so-called negative forming, whereby the guide surface 9 forms the negative of the desired shape. In such a forming device 13, the fiber semi-finished product 1, shown here only in sectional view, is formed as shown in the illustration of the Figure 1The first direction 11 is shown, drawn from above into and through the forming device 13 by means of the drawing device 12. The guide surface 9 resembles a downward ramp, i.e., a ramp from a first forming plane 21 into a second forming plane, which is arranged below and parallel to the first forming plane. The fiber semi-finished product 1 extends, for example, at the beginning of the forming section 16 of the forming device 13, over the entire width of the guide surface 9 – thus over a large horizontal width. In the further course of the forming device 13 within the forming section 16, a first section, namely the middle section, of the fiber semi-finished product 1 is drawn from this first forming plane 21 – downwards – into the second forming plane 20 along a second drawing plane 20 by the hold-downs 6 and their contact surface, as well as by a part of the guide surface 9, namely the gaps and the concave cut line sections 14.A second, namely the outer, section of the fiber semi-finished product 1 continues to be drawn along a first drawing plane 19 in the first forming plane 21. The first forming plane thus corresponds to the first drawing plane 19, with the second drawing plane 20 being arranged at an angle to the first drawing plane and thus also to the first and second forming planes, in order to form the ramp. A further, third section, between the first, middle, and the second, outer, section, is deflected perpendicularly due to a second, namely a convex, section 15 in conjunction with the concave section 14. The convex section 14 is not formed by or at one of the slits or the hold-downs 6, but results from the shape of the guide surface 9.Depending on the shape of the guide surface and, in particular, the convex section 15, the vertical bend shown in the figure or another, for example, more obtuse deflection can be realized. The length of the third section increases during the forming process in the forming section 16, while the length of the first section remains constant during the forming process in this embodiment of a forming device 13 according to the invention. However, with regard to a desired shape of the fiber forming semi-finished product, which, for example, is to have an inclined flank (third section), it is also possible that at least the longitudinal extent of one of the hold-downs 6 extends at an angle, i.e., obliquely and not parallel, relative to that of the other hold-down 6 or the gap formed, among other things, by the other hold-down 6.In such a design, it is preferred if the length of the first section increases during the forming process.

[0128] Such a configuration of the forming device 13 with an inclined flank is shown, for example, in the cross-sectional views of the figures of the Figure 4 As shown, the right flank of the guide surface 9 defined by the forming tool 7 has a sloping flank. Regardless of the arrangement of the hold-downs 6 relative to each other, the length of the second, i.e., here the outer, section decreases, at least due to the lengthening of the third section along the length of the forming device (in section only by comparing the two sections of the Figure 4 (to be recognized). A section line through the guide surface 9 in a plane parallel to the first plane 5 is defined by the section line 17 (in Figure 4 left) and section line 18 (in Figure 4(right) (arranged longitudinally as in Figure 2 on the forming device of the Figure 2 shown) in which the extension of the third section is clearly visible in comparison.

[0129] Furthermore, the illustration shows the Figure 2A cross-section along profile AB and section line 18 is shown, also depicting a fiber semi-finished product 1. It can be seen that the fiber semi-finished product 1 does not extend across the entire width of the guide surface 9, as the second section of the fiber semi-finished product 1 has already shortened. In this embodiment, the width of the forming tool 7, and thus the contour of the guide surface 9, is therefore not fully adapted to the forming process and the resulting change in width of the fiber semi-finished product 1 during the forming process. However, it is conceivable that such an adaptation could be precisely fitted to provide a forming device that saves maximum space. Furthermore, the concave section lines 14 of the guide surface 9 of the forming tool 7 and the gaps, each bounded by the contact surface of one of the hold-downs 6, are visible together with the guide surface 9 of the forming tool 7.These concave cutting line sections 14 and the gap draw the first, middle section of the fiber semi-finished product downwards into a plane that deviates from and is parallel to the first forming plane 21. Due to the convex cutting line section 15 of the guide surface, the second section of the fiber semi-finished product is also drawn along the first drawing plane 19 in the first forming plane 21, thus forming the third section of the fiber semi-finished product. In the present embodiment of the forming device 13, this third section is perpendicular to the first and second sections, and the two third sections are arranged parallel to each other. However, other shapes of the guide surface are also possible; in this example, it corresponds to the negative of an inverted omega.

[0130] In the Figure 3Three different configurations of the hold-down device 6 are shown as examples in a cross-sectional view through the guide surface 9 parallel to the first plane 5. These differ from the representations of the Figures 1 and 2 about a forming device for positive forming. The forming tool 7, with its guide surface 9, thus forms the positive of the desired shape of the fiber-based preform. The hold-downs 6 can therefore be round, for example, a rod. It is also conceivable that a cuboid hold-down – as in the middle illustration of the Figure 3As shown, the edges of the cuboid are rounded so that the fiber semi-finished product 1 is not damaged by the hold-downs 6 or by the resulting gap during its passage. An "L" shape for the hold-down 6 is also possible, as shown in the right-hand illustration. Figure 3 As shown, this and other forms of a hold-down device 6 are conceivable for both negative and positive forming, as long as it allows for at least local restriction of the movement of the fiber semi-finished product 1 and / or the formation of a gap, particularly in a concave section 14 of the guide surface 9. As can be seen from the illustrations of the Figure 3As can be seen, it is important that the hold-downs 6 are positioned such that they act on or engage the fiber semi-finished product 1 in the area where the concave section of the cutting line 14 lies, particularly on the other side which is not contacted by the guide surface 9. An advantage of a round design, for example a rod, is that it can be mounted to rotate about its longitudinal axis, allowing additional, but controllable and targeted force to be applied to the fiber semi-finished product 1 transversely to the feed direction, the first direction 11. This also allows forces to be introduced into the fiber semi-finished product at the location of the hold-down, transverse to this and to the feed direction, which help to prevent wrinkling and promote clean forming. This can be achieved, for example, by pressing the hold-down against the fiber semi-finished product.The forces and their strength can also be selected by the contact pressure and direction, thus optimizing the forming result. However, to ensure simple and, in particular, damage-free feeding and deflection of the fiber semi-finished product 1 through the forming device 13, it is specifically provided that the contact surface of the hold-downs 6 is made of or formed from a material that has a low coefficient of friction with respect to the selected fiber semi-finished product 1, such as POM or PTFE (e.g., Teflon) material.

[0131] In the illustrations of Figure 5 The upper figure shows a top view of an embodiment of a forming device 13 according to the invention. In this figure, a fiber semi-finished product 1 is pulled from right to left, indicated by the arrows on the fiber semi-finished product 1. In the lower view of the figures in the Figure 5A side view of the above top view is shown, with a perspective view of the inlet element 22 of the molding tool 7 in the center. The fiber semi-finished product 1 is drawn onto the inlet element 22 of the molding tool 7 by means of the deflecting means 3. This inlet element 22 of the molding tool 7 is shown enlarged in the detail view. The lower edge of the inlet element is designed to be straight. The starting edge curves from the lower edge towards the upper edge of the inlet element to varying degrees in different areas (highlighted by dashed lines). Thus, the middle area (between the two solid lines) of the inlet element 22 has a circular segment of curvature with a constant radius across the width of the inlet element (between the solid lines), with the middle area transitioning into an area with a greater curvature towards the outer areas.The length of the surface of the inlet element 22 also decreases towards the outside (as can also be seen from the solid and dashed curvature lines).

[0132] In the next step, the fiber semi-finished product 1 is deflected by means of the gap defined by the hold-downs 6 and the guide surface 9, which is formed by the forming tool 7, and guided into the corresponding shape, here the omega shape. Due to the extension of the third section of the fiber semi-finished product 1 - as shown in the figure of the Figure 2As shown and discussed, a portion of the fiber semi-finished product 1 initially forms the second section of the fiber semi-finished product and thus initially lies within the first forming plane. Subsequently, however, this portion transitions into the third section. To prevent the formation of wrinkles or undulations, the entry element 22 of the forming tool 7 was designed as shown in the detailed illustration. The shape of the entry element 22 ensures that the fiber semi-finished product 1 travels the same, i.e., a constant, distance across its entire width along the entire forming device 13 and the forming section 16. These distances are illustrated by the lines with arrows. While these appear to be of different lengths in the top view shown, they are identical and constant across the width of the fiber semi-finished product when viewed three-dimensionally.

[0133] Figure 6Figure 23 illustrates the quantification of an undulation in a fiber layer. The workpiece section, drawn as a rectangle and showing a cross-section, contains numerous resin-fixed fiber layers, of which only one is shown. The workpiece thickness is indicated on the left by a double file. The workpiece runs elongated from left to right, and the fiber layers, apart from undulations, extend horizontally. The fiber layer shown exhibits an undulation. Also shown are: τ BT as component thickness, h Ond as undulation height, b Ond as the undulation width between points A and C. Points A and C are defined by the points on the hypothetically non-undulating fiber layer, here horizontal, marked by the dashed line, where the course of the undulating fiber layer deviates from the hypothetically non-undulating one.

[0134] Preferred are h Ond t BT ≤ 0 , 25 and / or h Ond b Ond ≤ 0 , 15 .

[0135] Figure 7 illustrates an undulation that fulfills both of these requirements, namely the elongated one in the figure and an undulation that does not fulfill the second requirement.

[0136] Figure 8 illustrates the quantification from Figure 6 on a curved workpiece section. The undulation height h Ond is described by the distance of the circular arc (radius r1) of the imaginary non-undulated path of the undulated single layer to point B, which is given by the maximum deflected point of the undulation, whose perpendicular distance, normalized, is greatest to the circular arc line of the imaginary non-undulated fiber layer.

[0137] b Ond is formed by the chord of a circle between points A and C. Points A and C are defined by the points on the imaginary non-undulated fiber layer (thin circular segment) where the course of the undulated fiber layer, which is shown thicker in the undulated area, deviates from the imaginary non-undulated fiber layer. The preferred limits mentioned above can then also be expressed as follows: h Ond r a − r i ≤ 0 , 25 und / oder h Ond b Ond ≤ 0 , 15

[0138] Figure 9 The figure illustrates an undulation that fulfills both requirements: the elongated undulation shown and one that does not fulfill the second requirement. The boundary of the first requirement is indicated by a dashed line.

[0139] Fig. 10Figure 1 shows a view of a forming device with a hold-down device 6, which has a hold-down guide surface that runs parallel to the guide surface of the forming tool 7. The surfaces each have a screw connection and form a gap between them. Rod-shaped holders are arranged on the plates that form the hold-down guide surface and the guide surface for fastening. Reference symbol list

[0140] 1 Fiber semi-finished product 2 Feeding device 3 Deflection device 4 Infeed level 5 First level 6 Hold-down device 7 Forming tool 8 Third level 9 Guide surface 10 Second level 11 First direction 12 Drawing device 13 Forming device 14 Concave cutting line section 15 Convex cutting line section 16 Forming section 17 Cutting line 18 Cutting line 19 First drawing level 20 Second drawing level 21 First forming level 22 Infeed element 23 Fiber layer

Claims

1. Shaping device (13) for continuous shaping, which has at least one, in particular at least two, hold-down devices (6) and at least one shaping tool (7), wherein said at least one hold-down device has a contact surface, the hold-down device extends at least over a shaping section (16) of the shaping tool extending along at least a first direction, and said at least one shaping tool, having an inlet end and an outlet end opposite the inlet end, defines at least one guide surface (9), a. wherein the shaping section extends from a first plane (5) transverse to the first direction towards the outlet end, wherein the first plane is the one closest to the inlet end, wherein said at least one guide surface in the first plane has at least one first concave intersection section (14), and b. wherein the guide surface in the first plane also has a convex intersection section (15), and c. wherein said at least one guide surface in a second plane (10) truly parallel to the first plane has at least one second concave intersection section, d. wherein a first length between the contact surface and the guide surface in the first plane, measured along a first surface normal of the guide surface on the concave intersection line section in the first plane, lies in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times a second length between the contact surface and the guide surface in the first plane measured along a second surface normal of the guide surface on the concave intersection section in the first plane, wherein the first surface normal and the second surface normal in the first plane are at an angle between 30° and 45° to each other, and e. wherein a third length between the contact surface and the guide surface in the second plane measured along a third surface normal of the guide surface on the concave intersection section in the second plane is in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times a fourth length between the contact surface and the guide surface in the second plane measured along a fourth surface normal of the guide surface on the concave intersection section in the second plane, wherein the third surface normal and the fourth surface normal in the second plane are at an angle between 30° and 45° to each other and f. wherein the first length is in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times the third length, and g. wherein the intersection line of said at least one guide surface with the first plane differs from the intersection line of the guide surface with the second plane, h. wherein said at least one hold-down device and / or its contact surface and / or said at least one guide surface is at least partially designed as a ramp.

2. Shaping device according to claim 1, characterised in that the distance between the first and second planes, measured along the first direction, is greater than the first and third lengths, in particular at least 10 times greater than the first and third lengths.

3. Shaping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the contact surface of the hold-down device has a first convex hold-down device intersection section in a plane transverse to the first direction, in particular in the first and / or second plane.

4. Shaping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, in a third plane arranged between the first and second planes and parallel to the first and / or second planes, the guide surface has both a concave and a convex intersection section, wherein the distance between the third plane and the first plane and / or the second plane is at least 20% of the extension of the shaping section and / or at least 0.2 m.

5. Shaping device according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the intersection line of said at least one guide surface in the first plane differs from the intersection line of the guide surface in the third plane, in particular, a first intersection line section distance between concave and convex intersection line sections in the first plane differs from a second intersection line section distance between concave and convex intersection line sections in the third plane, in particular, the first intersection line section distance is smaller than the second intersection line section distance, in particular, it is smaller by at least 10% of the second intersection line section distance.

6. Shaping device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first direction of the feed direction corresponds at least to the first and / or second and / or third plane and / or is parallel to a first shaping plane in which the inlet section and / or the outlet section is arranged, and / or corresponds to a vector from the centre of gravity of the inlet end to the centre of gravity of the outlet end and / or wherein the hold-down device has a longitudinal extension which is not parallel to the first direction and / or to a feed direction and / or to a / the first shaping plane and / or to a tangential surface of the shaping tool at the inlet end parallel to the first direction and / or a / the feed direction, in particular not parallel in the plane which best approximates a plane at the inlet end and / or wherein said at least one hold-down device has a first longitudinal extension and the guide surface has a second longitudinal extension, in particular parallel to the first longitudinal extension, wherein the ratio of the first longitudinal extension to the second longitudinal extension is in the range from 0.8 to 1.2, in particular from 0.9 to 1.1, in particular the length of the first longitudinal extension corresponds to the second longitudinal extension.

7. Shaping device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the shaping device has at least two hold-down devices, wherein a first hold-down device distance between two hold-down devices in the first plane is smaller than a second hold-down device distance between the two hold-down devices in the second and / or third plane, or the shaping device has at least one hold-down device, wherein the hold-down device has a first extension in the first plane and transversely to the first direction, which is smaller than a second extension of the hold-down device in the second and / or third plane transversely to the first direction and / or wherein the hold-down device is rotatably mounted about a first axis parallel to its longitudinal extension and / or that the contact surface of the hold-down device consists of Teflon or is coated with Teflon.

8. Shaping device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a longitudinal extension of said at least one contact surface parallel to the first direction has at least 60% of the extension of the shaping section parallel to the first direction, wherein in particular the contact surface is continuous over at least 50% of the longitudinal extension.

9. Shaping device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one shaping tool and / or said at least one guide surface on the first plane has a first transverse extension in the first plane, in particular parallel to the shaping plane, and said at least one hold-down device, in particular all hold-down devices, and / or said at least one contact surface, in particular all contact surfaces, in the first plane, in particular parallel to the shaping plane, a second transverse extension, wherein the first transverse extension is longer than the second transverse extension, in particular by at least 50% of the second transverse extension, and / or wherein at least one guide surface in an inlet plane parallel to the first plane has a transverse, in particular perpendicular, to the inlet plane and parallel to the first direction, with a bend of at most 1 rad, in particular at most 0.5 rad, in particular at most 0.1 rad, in particular at most 0.05 rad, wherein the first plane lies between the inlet plane and the second and / or third plane.

10. System for the continuous production of, in particular, endless semi-finished tools, comprising a supply device for supplying semi-finished fibre material, a pulling device by means of which semi-finished fibre material is removed, in particular pulled, from the supply device, and a shaping device arranged between the supply device and the pulling device according to one of the preceding claims, and an insertion section arranged between the shaping device and the supply device.

11. System according to the preceding claim, wherein the insertion section has at least one first deflection means, in particular a deflection roller and / or deflection plate, for guiding the extracted semi-finished fibre product, wherein one, in particular all, shortest connecting vector from the deflection means to the inlet end forms an angle smaller than or equal to 90° with the first direction and / or wherein the inlet end, in particular in an inlet plane perpendicular to the first plane, is convex and / or the deflection means, in particular in a deflection plane perpendicular to the first plane and / or parallel to the inlet plane, and / or wherein at least one spraying device or impregnation device for applying a binding agent is arranged before and / or after the shaping device and / or the shaping section and / or a curing device is arranged after the spraying device or impregnation device or on the shaping device and / or the shaping section.