Sensory survey of connected building segments using a sensor on a fastening element

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a building arrangement and a method for producing a building arrangement.

[0002] Various fasteners are known that can be inserted into an anchoring base, for example, to attach a component to the anchoring base. Examples of such fasteners include wood screws, bolt anchors, and dowels.

[0003] DE 10 2009 007 425 B3 discloses a sensor bolt for force detection. The sensor bolt has a sensor element made of a material with variable light transmission properties depending on external forces, which is arranged in a light beam path between a light source and a light receiver. The sensor element is mechanically connected to a force-absorbing device. The sensor element can be inserted between a main shell part and a molded shell part, which is secured by bearing shells. A light beam from a light source arranged in an end cap is transmitted through the sensor element and detected by a light receiver arranged in a housing. When the molded shell part is subjected to an external force, the epoxy core of the sensor element deforms, and the light transmission is reduced.The change in the light signal can be detected by the light receiver and evaluated by a downstream signal processing device.

[0004] DE 10 2014 112 151 B4 discloses an electronic screw. The electronic screw comprises a body and a torque sensor element. The body comprises a screw head, a shaft connected to the screw head, and a recess located on the side wall of the shaft. The torque sensor element is arranged in the recess and measures the torque value of the electronic screw. The torque sensor element is electrically connected to an electronic torque display, wherein the electronic torque display displays the torque value determined by the torque sensor element.

[0005] US 2014 / 283617 A1 discloses a structural assembly comprising a fastening element and a sensor for detecting anchoring data.

[0006] It is an object of the present invention to be able to monitor the reliability of a connection between building segments in a simple and precise manner.

[0007] This object is achieved by the subject matter having the features according to the independent patent claims. Further embodiments are shown in the dependent claims.

[0008] In the context of this application, the term "structural arrangement" can be understood as an erected structure composed of two or more interconnected structural segments. In particular, such a structural arrangement can be designed to be difficult to detach from a subsurface, for example, as a building or tunnel. However, it is also possible to design a structural arrangement as a movable device composed of several structural segments, for example, as a shelf.

[0009] In the context of the present application, the term "structural segments" can be understood in particular as at least two elements of a structural arrangement that can be directly or indirectly connected to one another. Such structural segments can in particular form parts of a wall, a bridge or another structure or building. It is also possible for the structural segments to be formed by two components, for example by two beams to be connected. A side wall and a horizontal storage compartment of a shelf can also be structural segments of a structural arrangement designed as a shelf. Materials for structural segments are in particular wood or wood construction materials, but also concrete and masonry construction materials, metal or plastic components. Furthermore, structural segments can also be made of any composite material made up of several different material components. The structural segments can have cavities or can be solid (i.e.free of cavities).

[0010] In the context of the present application, the term "adjacent structural segments" can be understood, in particular, to mean structural segments that are so closely spaced apart that they can be fastened together using a common fastening element. Thus, the distance between adjacent structural segments can be smaller than the maximum dimension of a fastening element that fastens these structural segments. In particular, adjacent structural segments can be directly adjacent to one another, i.e., with touching contact. However, it is also possible for the two structural segments to be spaced apart by another body.

[0011] In the context of the present application, the term "fastening element" can be understood in particular as a body, a component, or an assembly comprising several components, suitable for fastening several structural segments to one another and / or to an anchoring base. In particular, such a fastening element can be used to fasten a first structural segment (e.g., a first segment or a first wooden beam) to an adjacent second structural segment (e.g., a second segment or a second wooden beam).

[0012] In the context of the present application, the term "shaft section" can be understood in particular as a substantially cylindrical, bolt-shaped, or rod-shaped body, which can be made, for example, of a metal or a plastic. Such a shaft section can be a hollow or solid body, on and / or in which one or more functional sections are formed.

[0013] In the context of the present application, the term "first fastening end" can be understood in particular as an end section of the shaft section or on the shaft section that is functionally designed for anchoring in or attaching to the first structural segment. This can be accomplished by the first fastening end alone (for example, through an anchoring thread or a conical body with an expansion sleeve) or in cooperation with at least one other body or element (for example, a separate expansion body or chemical anchoring compound, such as mortar).

[0014] In the context of the present application, the term "second fastening end" can be understood as an end section of the shaft section or on the shaft section, which, when installed, can be arranged on and / or in a second structural segment. In particular, the second fastening end can be functionally designed to fasten two structural segments to each other, for example, with a thread.

[0015] In the context of the present application, the term "sensor" can be understood as any functional entity with which sensor information can be detected by sensors during installation and / or after installation (especially long after installation, e.g., years later) of the fastening element and transmitted for evaluation. For example, such a sensor can be a one-piece component that acquires sensor data (in particular, anchoring data) and transmits it as a signal (e.g., electrical, optical, electromagnetic, etc.). It is also possible for a sensor to be formed from several functionally interacting sensor components. Sensors can be designed to detect at least one physical and / or chemical parameter, e.g., pressure, temperature, mechanical stress, torque, force, chemical environment, substrate properties, etc.According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a strain gauge, a humidity sensor, a vibration sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an inductive sensor and / or a capacitive sensor can be used as the at least one sensor.

[0016] In the context of this application, the term "anchoring data" can be understood in particular as any parameter that provides indicative information about an anchoring process and / or an anchoring state and / or anchoring success or failure and / or a corresponding change over time. Anchoring data detected by sensors can provide information about one or more parameters. If such anchoring data are transmitted to a transmission device, in particular once, regularly or irregularly recurring, or continuously, the anchoring data can be used to determine and detect whether the fastening element has been correctly set in the anchoring base comprising adjacent structural segments, or to detect a problem or failure related to the setting of the fastening element in the adjacent structural segments.Long-term changes in the anchoring force of the fastening element in the adjacent structural segments can also be detected by sensors.

[0017] According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a building assembly is created whose structural integrity, particularly at an interface between adjacent building segments, can be reliably monitored in the installed state by means of at least one fastening element bridging adjacent building segments. For this purpose, a fastening element is inserted between said adjacent building segments to connect them to one another. Furthermore, the fastening element is equipped with a sensor which, in the installed state, can provide indicative sensor information for the anchoring of the fastening element in the building segments. Using a transmission device, sensor data (for example, electrical, optical, or electromagnetic) can be transmitted from the sensor's installation location to an exterior of the building assembly for further processing or evaluation.In this way, especially for structural arrangements that are difficult to access, such as a tunnel or a bridge, sensor information can be continuously retrieved during operation, indicating possible stability problems in the statics of the structural arrangement made up of several structural segments.

[0018] In the following, additional exemplary embodiments of the structure arrangement and the method are described.

[0019] According to an exemplary embodiment, the structural arrangement can comprise a plurality (in particular at least five) of pairs of adjacent structural segments and a plurality (in particular at least four) of fastening elements that fasten adjacent structural segments to one another in pairs, each of which is configured with a sensor and a transmission device for providing location-specific anchoring data to the external receiver device. According to such an embodiment, the structural arrangement, which is complexly constructed from many structural segments, can be interspersed with a plurality of fastening elements having the features described above, each fastening element fastening two associated structural segments to one another.In this way, a complex network of fastening elements can be provided in a complex structural arrangement in order to obtain spatially resolved information about a possible local mechanical weakening in the complex structural arrangement. For example, the structural arrangement can be a tunnel with a large number of segments. In this case, two directly connected segments can each be provided with a respective fastening element at a mutual interface, which extends partly in one segment and partly in the other or other structural segment. If, during operation of the structural arrangement (e.g., the tunnel), a mechanical weakening occurs at a joint between two specific structural segments (e.g., segments), this can be reliably detected using the sensor data acquired by the sensor of the relevant fastening element.A transmission device can transmit such data to an external receiver, which can then locate the mechanical weak point in the structure. This allows maintenance, repair, or other measures to be carried out quickly and accurately at an identified critical location. Such a sensor arrangement can be used particularly advantageously in harsh environmental conditions where the mechanical strength between structural segments of a structure is otherwise difficult to determine (such as in a tunnel or bridge).

[0020] Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible to connect two adjacent structural segments with several fastening elements and / or to fasten one fastening element with at least three structural segments.

[0021] According to an exemplary embodiment, the sensor can be positioned in a boundary region between the first structural segment and the second structural segment in order to capture anchoring data at a transition between the first structural segment and the second structural segment. For example, the sensor can be located partially in the first component segment and partially in the second component segment in order to capture information about the mechanical strength at a boundary between the first structural segment and the second structural segment. According to this advantageous embodiment, the sensor can thus determine not only information indicative of the stability within a respective structural segment, but also information indicative of the stability at a transition between adjacent structural segments.

[0022] The sensor is arranged on a radially tapered tapered portion of the shaft portion axially between the first attachment end and the second attachment end.

[0023] Preferably, the tapered tapered section extends partially into one and partially into the other of the two adjacent structural segments. This allows mechanical interface information to be obtained. In the context of the present application, the term "radially tapered tapered section" can be understood in particular as an axially central region of the shaft section that has a smaller radial extent than another adjacent region of the shaft section. The radially tapered tapered section can be dimensioned such that it forms a radially recessed receiving space for at least one sensor, so that the at least one sensor is protected from mechanical damage caused by undesired interaction with a wall of the anchoring base from the adjacent structural segments when the fastening element is installed.The radial taper section can also be the weakest mechanical section of the fastener, as its taper makes it particularly susceptible to bending and / or tensile stresses. Therefore, the taper section is particularly well-suited for locating the sensor, as it can detect a particularly strong sensor signal at this position when a load is applied.

[0024] The structure arrangement has a protective device to protect the sensor.

[0025] In the context of the present application, the term "protective device" can be understood as a physical structure that provides at least one sensor housed in the tapered section with protection, particularly against mechanical damage caused by surrounding material in the anchoring base formed by the adjacent structural segments, without impairing the sensor function or sensor accuracy. Protection against impairment can, in particular, refer to protection against mechanical damage during and / or after installation of the fastening element in the structural segments, but can also refer to undesirable interaction with a gaseous, liquid, and / or solid medium during and / or after installation of the fastening element in the structural segments.Such interaction can occur with material of the structural segments or with an auxiliary material (such as an epoxy resin or mortar in the case of a chemical anchor) in an area surrounding the fastener. Thus, a fastener can be provided that has at least one sensor that can be protected within a tapered shaft region. Such a sensor can be designed and configured to detect at least one anchoring parameter or other anchoring data during and / or after installation of the fastener in an anchoring base formed from adjacent structural segments.By arranging the at least one sensor in the radially recessed tapered section of the fastening element, damage to the at least one sensor during installation of the fastening element can be reliably prevented, for example, when driving a bolt anchor into an anchoring hole in a pair of structural segments made of concrete, for example. Such radial recession of the sensor can also protect it from the transmission of shell-side forces from the structural segments to the sensor, which could distort the sensor data intended to be recorded.It has proven particularly advantageous to additionally equip (in particular cover) the sensor, which is arranged at least partially in the tapered section, with a protective device that maintains the sensor's sensory activity uninterrupted while still protecting the sensor from damage or even destruction during installation or operation of the fastening element. In this way, it is possible to attach a sensor at a position of interest that, when installed, is located inside the structural segments. Anchoring data can then be transmitted from the installed sensor out of the connected structural segments specifically at this precisely selectable location of interest. A user thus receives sensory feedback that indicates the success and / or failure of an anchoring process and therefore enables a user to verify the correctness of the installation process.Alternatively or additionally, the at least one sensor integrated into the fastener can provide information about the setting state even after—and even years after—the fastener has been installed, for example, detecting a reduction or loss of the fastener's fastening or setting force in the structural segments. Such a reduced anchoring force can occur, for example, after an extended period of time in a building (e.g., a bridge) in which a dowel or bolt anchor has been installed. A critical reduction in the setting force can therefore be detected sufficiently long before a failure occurs, allowing timely countermeasures to be taken.

[0026] According to an exemplary embodiment, the sensor can be configured to acquire anchoring data containing relative information and / or absolute information regarding a measurement parameter. Relative information regarding a measurement parameter can, for example, be or include information that the measurement parameter has changed, whether it has increased or decreased, etc. Absolute information regarding a measurement parameter can quantitatively indicate the value to which or the difference in value by which a measurement parameter has changed.

[0027] According to an exemplary embodiment, the first structural segment and / or the second structural segment can be selected from a group consisting of a concrete segment, a wooden segment, a metal segment, and a segmental lining. For example, a fastening element can be introduced into adjacent concrete slabs that adjoin one another, for example, at a corner of a concrete wall. However, it is also possible to attach a respective fastening element to adjacent wooden beams that are to be connected to one another (for example, a rafter and a purlin on a roof structure). A fastening element can also be attached to the connection of metal segments of a machine (for example, a rail vehicle) or a building (for example, a tower).Segments are (especially curved) components of the outer shell of a shaft or tunnel, which can also be connected to each other by means of a fastening element.

[0028] According to an exemplary embodiment, the structure arrangement can be designed as a building, bridge, tunnel, roadway, protective fence, and / or shelving. Other structure arrangements are possible.

[0029] According to an exemplary embodiment, the transmission device can comprise at least one transmission cable arranged to extend at least partially along the shaft section. According to such a configuration, sensor information can be transmitted from the sensor to a target entity or a receiver device via a cable. This represents a simple and error-robust solution. Such a transmission cable can, for example, be routed externally along the shaft section (for example, recessed in a further tapered area, such as a groove) or inside the shaft section.

[0030] According to an exemplary embodiment, the transmission device can be configured to wirelessly transmit the anchoring data, in particular using at least one technology from a group consisting of Near Field Communication (NFC), Bluetooth, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN). According to such an embodiment, data for the sensor can be transmitted wirelessly from the interior of the building segments to an exterior of the building segments to a receiver device for further processing or evaluation. Cables can then advantageously be dispensed with, at least in sections. For example, the transmission can be carried out using radio waves of a suitable frequency, in particular in the high-frequency range.

[0031] According to an exemplary embodiment, the sensor can be configured to detect at least one parameter from a group consisting of temperature, tensile stress, strain, and torque. For example, an actual temperature of the sensor that deviates from a target temperature or a target temperature range during or after installation can indicate problems due to excessive friction or force transmission. Excessive strain of the shaft section during or after installation can be detected, for example, using a strain gauge or another appropriately configured sensor. Such excessive strain can also indicate problems during installation, such as wedging of the fastener in the structural segments. A torque during or after installation can also document the success or failure of the installation process and provide a user with corresponding information.This ensures the reliability of a user's assessment of a setting process, particularly in safety-critical applications.

[0032] According to an exemplary embodiment, the sensor can comprise a strain gauge. The sensor can therefore preferably be designed as a strain gauge sensor and detect strain in the shaft section during and / or after installation. This allows, for example, critical tensile stresses to be reliably detected. This information has proven particularly valuable for assessing the success of the installation. Furthermore, a strain gauge can be easily installed in a tapered section of the shaft section. Even when covered by a protective device, such as a compressible foam, the functionality of a strain gauge can be maintained, allowing strains in the shaft section to be precisely and robustly detected using a sensor.

[0033] According to an exemplary embodiment, the fastening element can have at least one further sensor for detecting further anchoring data of the fastening element in the first structural segment and / or the second structural segment. Thus, it is also possible to integrate multiple sensors on the fastening element. This can then enable, for example, a spatially resolved measurement of an anchoring parameter, for example, using multiple strain gauges arranged along a circumference and / or along an axial direction of the shaft portion of the fastening element. Alternatively or additionally, the multiple sensors can also detect different (in particular complementary) parameters, such as strain and temperature. This allows for a refinement of the inference of the setting result.

[0034] According to an exemplary embodiment, the protective device can comprise a moisture-impermeable material, in particular a moisture-impermeable foam. If the protective device is made of a moisture-impermeable material, even a moisture-sensitive sensor of the fastening element can detect the anchoring data without interference, even in a humid environment (e.g., in damp masonry).

[0035] According to an exemplary embodiment, the protective device may comprise an aromatic isocyanate. Isocyanate has proven particularly effective in providing both compressibility and mechanical protection, protecting the sensor from artifacts and maintaining its sensitivity. Furthermore, such a material is impermeable to liquids, thus allowing the mounting element and sensor to be used in humid environments.

[0036] The protective device is arranged in a circumferentially closed manner within the radially tapered section. Thus, the protective device itself is designed as an annular body located in an annular recess in the shaft section that forms the tapered section. This promotes reliable retention of the protective device and also prevents the generation of excessive frictional forces when installing the fastener, since the annular protective device then does not protrude beyond the tapered section in the radial direction.

[0037] According to an exemplary embodiment, the protective device can be arranged in the radially tapered section up to a radial height such that the protective device does not protrude radially beyond the shaft section, in particular, it is flush with it. Illustratively, the protective device and the sections of the shaft section connected to it can be aligned.

[0038] According to an exemplary embodiment, the protective device (in addition to the compressible material) can have at least one protective ramp, which is arranged behind (in particular directly behind) the sensor with respect to a screw-in direction of the fastening element, in particular at least partially in the radially tapered tapered section. In addition to designing the protective device as a compressible ring, the protective device can also be provided as a ramp (for example, made of metal). The latter can define a radial projection relative to the sensor when the fastening element is rotated into a respective structural segment, which reliably maintains a radial distance between the sensor in the tapered section and a wall of the structural segments.The protective ramp can be designed such that, starting from a radial end that seamlessly terminates at the tapered section, it extends continuously radially outwards. The protective ramp then extends to a radial position such that at this point the protective ramp abruptly returns to a radial position that corresponds to the tapered section. The sensor is connected to this radially outward-extending end region of the protective ramp such that the sensor is arranged in a shielding region of the protective ramp. In a screwing-in direction, the sensor can therefore be connected directly or at a distance from the radially outward-extending end region of the protective ramp.

[0039] According to an exemplary embodiment, the first fastening end can have an anchoring thread, in particular a concrete screw thread or a wood screw thread, or even a metric thread. If the first fastening end is provided with an anchoring thread, a rotational insertion of the fastening element into an associated structural segment can be promoted. The anchoring thread can end in a tip of the fastening element, for example, to promote pre-drilling-free insertion of a fastening element into a structural segment, for example, a pre-drilling-free insertion of a wood screw into a wooden structural segment. Alternatively, the anchoring thread can also end at a flat end face of the fastening element, for example, when the fastening element is inserted by rotation into a structural segment provided with a pre-drilled hole (or into two structural segments with an aligned pre-drilled hole).

[0040] According to an exemplary embodiment, the second fastening end can have an external thread, in particular a metric external thread. An external thread can be attached to the second fastening end of the fastening element, which is used, for example, to tension or expand the fastening element. This can be the case, for example, with a bolt anchor, which can first be driven into an anchoring hole in the building segments before, for example, by screwing a nut onto the external thread, an axial pressure can be exerted on the fastening element. This pressure leads to a displacement of an expansion sleeve along a conical body of the bolt anchor inside at least one of the building segments, which causes an anchoring force.

[0041] According to an exemplary embodiment, the shaft portion can be designed to be thread-free, at least in sections. Thus, it is possible for a portion of the shaft portion to be free of a thread, i.e., a smooth bolt portion. This can, for example, promote low-friction installation of the fastening element. Another portion of the shaft portion can be provided with a thread, for example, with the anchoring thread and / or external thread described above.

[0042] According to an exemplary embodiment, the radially tapered tapered section can be designed as an annular recess on a radial outer side of the shaft section. The tapered section can therefore advantageously be arranged in an outer region of the fastening section. This allows, on the one hand, particularly simple installation of the at least one sensor, which can simply be inserted into the recess on an outer side of the shaft section and fastened there (e.g., adhesively). On the other hand, the described position on an outer side of the shaft section is a particularly suitable option for recording sensor data at a relevant position. The success or failure of a setting process can be detected particularly reliably on an outer side of the shaft section, since, for example, a problematic setting process can lead to a characteristic increase in elongation there. The decrease in the setting force over time orThe formation of tensile stress can be detected by sensors with particularly high accuracy at such a tapered section.

[0043] According to an exemplary embodiment, the fastening element can be designed as a wood screw, in particular for push-through installation. For example, a wood screw can be passed through a hole in a second structural segment to be attached to a first structural segment made of wood and can then be inserted (with or without pre-drilling) into the wooden anchoring base.

[0044] According to an exemplary embodiment, the fastening element can be designed as a concrete screw, in particular for push-through installation. Such a concrete screw can, for example, be passed through a hole in a second structural segment to be attached to a first concrete structural segment and can then be inserted, preferably with a pilot hole, into the concrete anchoring base.

[0045] According to an exemplary embodiment, the fastening element can be designed as a bolt anchor, in particular as a concrete anchor. In the context of the present application, a "bolt anchor" can be understood in particular as a multi-part fastening device that can be anchored in a setting hole of a first structural segment and comprises at least one bolt body and an expansion sleeve mounted thereon.

[0046] A bolt anchor can be inserted into a setting hole and then, by an axial relative displacement between the bolt body and expansion sleeve, transferred into a configuration in which the expansion sleeve is expanded radially by the penetration of an expansion body of the bolt body that is radially expanded at the end. This results in a clamping action between the expansion sleeve and a wall of the first structural segment, whereby the bolt anchor is set in the first structural segment. A second structural segment can be fastened to a bolt anchor, for example via a thread on the bolt anchor. A bolt anchor has, for example, a conical expansion body and an expansion sleeve that can be expanded by pulling the expansion body into the expansion sleeve. The expansion body can be integrally attached to a shaft section onto which the expansion sleeve can be placed.To anchor the expansion anchor, it can be inserted with the expansion body first into a setting hole in a first structural segment, whereby the expansion sleeve can also be inserted into the setting hole. The expansion body can then be withdrawn without the expansion sleeve, which is arranged in a friction-locked manner in the setting hole, leaving the setting hole. The expansion body can be retracted into the expansion sleeve using the procedure described, causing the expansion sleeve to expand radially. This anchors the bolt anchor in the borehole. A second structural segment can be attached to a section of the bolt anchor that remains outside the anchoring base. A bolt anchor can have a conical extension at the first attachment end, which can interact with an expansion sleeve movably arranged on the shaft section.If the bolt anchor has been driven into an anchoring base (for example made of concrete), screwing a nut onto a second fastening end of the fastening element can cause an axial force between the expansion sleeve and the cone body, i.e. more precisely, pushing the expansion sleeve onto the cone body, creating a high anchoring force.

[0047] According to an exemplary embodiment, the fastening element can be designed as an anchor rod, in particular for a chemical anchor. If the fastening element is designed as a (threaded or threadless) anchor rod, it can be inserted into a fastening hole in the two structural segments. By introducing a curable medium (e.g., an epoxy resin) or mortar before or after inserting the anchor rod into the structural segments, a chemical bond can then be formed between the structural segments, the fastening element, and the curable medium.

[0048] According to an exemplary embodiment, the fastening element can be designed as a plastic dowel, in particular for a wood screw. If the fastening element is designed as a dowel (in particular made of plastic or metal), such a dowel can be driven into an anchoring hole in the structural segments to be connected. Subsequently, a screw, for example a wood screw, can be screwed into a receiving cavity of the dowel, causing the expansion elements of the dowel to expand and thus generating a high setting force.

[0049] Other fastening elements are of course also possible.

[0050] According to an exemplary embodiment, the receiver device can be configured for wireless communication with the sensor. The receiver device can thus comprise a wireless communication device for wireless communication with the sensor of the fastening element, even if the sensor is arranged inside the structural segments. Alternatively or additionally, the receiver device can also be configured for wired communication with the sensor, for example, using a transmission cable between the sensor and the receiver device.

[0051] According to an exemplary embodiment, the receiver device can be selected from a group consisting of a computer and a portable user device, in particular a smartphone or a tablet. For example, a user can conveniently read the success of a placement process on their laptop or mobile device if the laptop or mobile device is communicatively coupled to the sensor for data exchange. It is also possible to use a router as the receiver device, which can be implemented in a communication network.

[0052] According to an exemplary embodiment, the sensor arranged at least partially in the tapered section can be overmolded with foam as a protective device, which is at least partially injected into the tapered section. Once the at least one sensor, which is to be attached externally to the tapered section of the shaft section, is installed, the sensor can be immobilized in place by simply overmolding it with a foam (e.g., epoxy-based) and protected from mechanical influences, particularly during the installation process. At the same time, a sensor overmolded with a compressible foam, for example, a strain gauge, can detect strains or other parameters on the installed fastening element without loss of detection accuracy. It is also advantageous to attach the protective device to the fastening element in a simple manner by simply overmolding it.

[0053] According to an exemplary embodiment, the fastening element can be surrounded by a shell, at least in sections, during foam injection molding. If at least the tapered section is surrounded by a shell on the outside during foam injection molding, the radial extent of the foam-like protective device can be precisely specified. This allows for low-friction installation of the fastening element in a structural segment using simple manufacturing techniques.

[0054] In the following, exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the following figures. Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a structural arrangement according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. Figure 2shows a cross-sectional view of a structure arrangement according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention. Figure 3 shows a fastening element according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. Figure 4 shows a detail of a fastening element according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a fastening element according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view of a fastening element according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention. Figure 7 shows a fastening element according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0055] The same or similar components in different figures are provided with the same reference numerals.

[0056] Before exemplary embodiments of the invention are described with reference to the figures, some general aspects of the invention will be explained.

[0057] According to an exemplary embodiment, at least one fastening element (for example, a sensor anchor) is used as a measuring instrument in a structure. The structure, also referred to as a structure arrangement, can in particular be a tunnel or a building. The structure arrangement can have at least two structure segments arranged adjacent to one another. Furthermore, the structure arrangement can have a fastening element with a first and a second anchoring end, one of which is fixed in one structure segment and the other in the other. Furthermore, a measuring section can be formed in the fastening element between the first and second anchoring ends. At least one sensor can be arranged in the measuring section to record anchoring data or anchoring parameters.Furthermore, the structural arrangement can have a transmission device for transmitting the sensor data to a receiver, which can, for example, be a receiver device external to the fastening element. In this way, in a complex structural arrangement (which can also have a plurality of component segments and a plurality of fastening elements with the described features), sensory monitoring of the mechanical properties inside the structural arrangement can be carried out. If a mechanical weakening occurs at a location in the structural arrangement, in particular in an interface area between structural segments connected to one another by means of a respective fastening element, this can be detected quickly and with spatial resolution by a sensor of the associated fastening element arranged there and transmitted to a receiver device.Countermeasures can then be taken quickly and specifically, such as maintenance, repair or replacement of one or more structural segments of the structure arrangement.

[0058] Each of the structural segments can be, for example, a concrete segment, a segmental tubbing, a wooden segment, or a metal segment. The structure or structural arrangement can be, for example, a building (such as a house, in particular a high-rise building), a bridge, a tunnel (comprising a plurality of interconnected segmental tubbings), a roadway (in which the structural segments can be concrete slabs), or a technical structure (for example, a high-load storage rack), rack bases, a protective fence such as an avalanche protection fence, a fall protection grid, a scree barrier, a snow guard, etc.).

[0059] For example, the sensor can be designed as a temperature sensor, strain gauge, torque sensor, humidity sensor, etc. Determined anchoring data or anchoring parameters can be, for example, temperature, strain, torque, humidity, and / or vibrations.

[0060] However, it is also possible to design the at least one sensor as an ultrasonic sensor, a sensor for seismic measurement, and / or a GPS (Global Positioning System) sensor. Anchoring data or anchoring information can be determined, for example, by a change in the length of the fastening element if the sensor is designed as an ultrasonic sensor or a seismic sensor. Location or tracking can be achieved using a tag (as a geolocator), for example, using a GPS sensor.

[0061] A wired transmission line, which can be cast in resin, can be used as a transmission device for transmitting the anchoring data. Alternatively, a radio transmitter can be used, which can transmit the data or measured values ​​via NFC, Bluetooth, and / or Wi-Fi. It can be advantageous in this case for the measuring element to function at least partially as a transmission line or as an antenna.

[0062] A receiver device can be paired for wireless communication via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and / or a radio antenna, or it can be connected via a cable. For example, a receiver device can be a computer, a smartphone, a tablet, a power tool, or a server. It is also possible to equip the receiver device with a database, a smart home application, and / or a router.

[0063] For example, the measuring element can be designed as a wood screw, concrete screw, concrete anchor or anchor rod (particularly in connection with a chemical anchor).

[0064] The measuring element can have a fastening thread in the form of a concrete screw thread or a wood screw thread at one anchoring end. For example, the anchoring end can be a glued-in metric thread. The measuring section can be arranged elastically in the area of ​​expected deformation or distortion. Preferably, the sensor is arranged in a tapered area of ​​the shaft section and at a radial distance from the borehole. In particular, a ramp can be provided as protection for the at least one sensor, preferably at the tapered point of the shaft section.

[0065] The sensor can be designed to measure relative changes (for example, in a configuration as a strain gauge, ultrasonic sensor, or induction sensor). Alternatively, the sensor can also be designed to measure an absolute change in length. This can be achieved, for example, by calibrating the sensor (in particular a strain gauge) in order to absolutely eliminate a change in length. Absolute changes in length can also be detected with an ultrasonic sensor. However, calibration may also be unnecessary for detecting absolute changes in length. However, for measuring an absolute change in length, it is advantageous if the total length of the stretchable section of the measuring element or sensor is known or recorded.

[0066] Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a structural arrangement 120 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. The structural arrangement 120 according to Figure 1can be, for example, a building in an earthquake-prone area. In the illustrated embodiment, the structure arrangement 120 has a first structure segment 111 designed as a first concrete wall and a second structure segment 113 designed as a second concrete wall. The two concrete walls form part of a house wall and run according to Figure 1in mutually orthogonal directions and are brought into contact with one another at an interface surface 115. A fastening element 100, described in more detail below, fastens the two component segments 111, 113 to one another at the interface surface 115 and, moreover, provides a sensor function for monitoring the mechanical integrity of the structural arrangement 120 in the region of the interface surface 115. Said sensor function makes it possible to quickly and reliably detect a change in the bracing or a mutual movement away from the interconnected structural segments 111, 113. In other exemplary embodiments, the component segments 111, 113 can, for example, also be two wooden beams or components of a wood-concrete combination.

[0067] As already mentioned, the Figure 1The first structure assembly 120 shown includes the first structure segment 111, the second structure segment 113 in contact with the first structure segment 111, adjacent to the first structure segment 111, and the fastening element 100 fastened to the first structure segment 111 and to the second structure segment 113. The fastening element 100 includes a shaft portion 102 having a first fastening end 104 at a first end of the shaft portion 102, wherein the first fastening end 104 is fastened to the first structure segment 111. Furthermore, the shaft portion 102 includes a second fastening end 106 at a second end of the shaft portion 102, wherein the second fastening end 106 is fastened to the second structure segment 113.In the transition region (or in the region of the interface surface 115) between the first structural segment 111 and the second structural segment 113, the fastening element 100 is equipped with a sensor 110 for detecting anchoring data of the fastening element 100 in the first structural segment 111 and in the second structural segment 113. As shown in . Figure 1As shown, the sensor 110 extends spatially partially within the first structural segment 111 and partially within the second structural segment 113 and also runs through the interface surface 115. Thus, the sensor 110 is positioned in a boundary region between the first structural segment 111 and the second structural segment 113 in order to record anchoring data at a transition between the first structural segment 111 and the second structural segment 113. This makes it possible to sensor-characterize and monitor the mechanical integrity of the structural arrangement 120 specifically at the critical transition between the two connected structural segments 111, 113 in the region of their interface. In addition, the fastening element 100 is equipped with a transmission device 114 for transmitting the sensor-detected anchoring data from the sensor 110 to an external receiver device 122.The sensor 110 is, for example, a strain gauge for acquiring anchoring data, which may contain relative information and / or absolute information concerning a measurement parameter (for example, a tensile stress).

[0068] Said receiver device 122 serves to receive anchoring data acquired by the sensor 110 of the fastening element 100 and is communicatively coupled to the sensor 110. More specifically, the receiver device 122 can be configured for wireless communication via a communication end 146 of the fastening element 100 and therethrough with the transmission device 114 and with the sensor 110, see the reference numeral 140 indicating a data transmission. According to Figure 1 For example, the receiver device 122 is a portable user terminal in the form of a smartphone.

[0069] To install the fastening element 100 in the Figure 1In order to place the fastening element 100 in the structural segments 111, 113 in the manner shown, a borehole can be formed in the structural segments 111, 113, for example, which extends completely through the second structural segment 113 and partially into the first structural segment 111. For example, such a borehole can be formed using a concrete drill (not shown). The fastening element 100 can then be screwed through the second structural segment 113 into the first structural segment 111, wherein an anchoring thread 116 can form a counter thread in the concrete substrate. The fastening element 100 can be inserted into the structural segments 111, 113 until the sensor 110 is positioned in the region of the interface surface 115.Optionally, the fastening element 100 can then be clamped to the concrete substrate by screwing an (optional but advantageous) nut 164 onto a metric external thread 118 (optionally with a washer between the second component segment 113 and the nut 164, not shown).

[0070] Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a structure assembly 120 according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention. Figure 2 shows a cross-section through a tunnel defined by a multitude of interconnected segments. Each segment forms one of the Figure 2 shown structural segments 111, 113, 117 of the structural arrangement 120. However, it is also possible that other structural segments 111, 113, 117 are used for the structural arrangement 120 according to Figure 2 be used, for example wooden beams or concrete slabs.

[0071] In the case of the structure arrangement 120 according to Figure 2A plurality of pairwise adjacent structural segments 111, 113, 117 are provided. Similarly, a plurality of fastening elements 100 are provided, each of which fastens two adjacent structural segments 111, 113, 117 together in pairs. Each of the fastening elements 100 is equipped with a sensor 110 and a transmission device 114, for example in the Figure 1 or Figure 3 For example, each of the fastening elements 100 can be designed as shown in Figure 1 or Figure 3 described. The transmission device 114 serves to provide location-specific anchoring data to a receiver device 122.

[0072] According to Figure 2It is possible, for example, using a single or common receiver device 122, to capture sensor information from a plurality of sensors 110 of the plurality of fastening elements 100. If the transmitted sensor information also indicates a setting location of a corresponding fastening element 100 (for example, by transmitting corresponding identification information or by detecting location information using a GPS sensor), it is possible to identify the location of a mechanically critical fastening during the transmission of critical information. For example, if a fastening between two adjacent structural segments 111, 113, 117 is weakened, this can be transmitted by a sensor 110 and made accessible to the receiver device 122.The receiver device 122 can also derive from the transmitted sensor data at which position within the structural arrangement 100 a mechanically critical configuration has occurred, for example a locally weakened fastening force.

[0073] Figure 3 shows a fastening element 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, which is used in a building arrangement 120 according to Figure 1 or Figure 2 can be used. Figure 4 shows a detail of such a fastening element 100. Figure 5 shows a corresponding cross-sectional view of a fastening element 100. More specifically, Figure 3 an arrangement with a fastening element 100 and a receiver device 122. The latter can be designed as described with reference to Figure 1 or Figure 2 described

[0074] The Figure 3 The fastening element 100 shown in detail has a shaft section 102. A partial section of the shaft section 102 is according to Figure 3 thread-free design.

[0075] A first fastening end 104 at a first end of the shaft portion 102 serves for anchoring in a first structural segment 111. The first fastening end 104 may have an anchoring thread 116, for example a concrete screw thread or a wood screw thread, or even a metric thread.

[0076] In addition, a second fastening end 106 at a second end of the shaft portion 102 opposite the first end functions, for example, for fastening to a second structural segment 113. The second fastening end 106 may preferably have an external thread 118, for example a metric external thread.

[0077] Furthermore, the fastening element 100 includes a radially tapered taper portion 108 of the shaft portion 102 axially between the first fastening end 104 and the second fastening end 106. More specifically, the radially tapered taper portion 108 is formed as an annular recess on a radially outer side of the shaft portion 102.

[0078] Sensors 110 for recording anchoring data of the fastening element 100 in the anchoring base, i.e., in one or both of the structural segments 111, 113 or at an interface surface 115 therebetween, are recessed in the tapered section 108. When the sensors 110 are mounted in the tapered section 110, the sensors 110 are located at the mechanically weakest point of the fastening element 100, i.e., in the tapered region of the shaft center. This sensor data or anchoring data can be used to check and monitor the long-term setting success of the fastening element 100 in the anchoring base formed from the component segments 111, 113. The sensors 110 can, for example, be designed as strain gauges that can be glued to the shaft section 102 in the tapered section 108. For example, the sensors 110, which are designed as strain gauges, can be connected as a full bridge.In general, the sensors 110 can be configured to detect an elongation of the shaft portion 102, a torque of the shaft portion 102 and / or a temperature.

[0079] Advantageously, a protective device 112, described in more detail below, is also provided on the fastening element 100 to protect the sensors 110 from damage during operation. The protective device 112 can advantageously comprise a compressible and moisture-impermeable foam. Such a foam can preferably comprise an aromatic isocyanate. Said protective device 112 can be arranged in the radially tapered tapered section 108 and protectively cover the sensors 110. Likewise advantageously, the protective device 112 can be arranged circumferentially closed in the radially tapered tapered section 108. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the protective device 112 is arranged in the radially tapered tapered section 108 up to such a radial height that the protective device 112 does not protrude radially beyond the shaft section 102. Particularly preferably, the protective device 112 is flush with the shaft section 102.

[0080] To manufacture the protective device 112, the sensors 110 arranged in the tapered section 108 are overmolded with foam, which is also injected into the remaining tapered section 108. During foam injection, the tapered section 108 can be surrounded by a shell (not shown) to define or limit the spatial extent of the protective device 112.

[0081] Furthermore, the fastening element 100 according to Figure 3 a transmission device 114 for transmitting the anchoring data from the sensor 110 to the external receiver device 122. As in Figure 3As shown, the transmission device 114 can have one or more transmission cables arranged along the shaft section 102. Alternatively or additionally, the transmission device 114 can also be configured for wireless transmission of the anchoring data. For this purpose, Near Field Communication (NFC), Bluetooth, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and / or Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) can be used as transmission technology, for example.

[0082] Again referring to Figure 3It is shown how the receiver device 122, designed here as a mobile radio device, is communicatively coupled to the sensors 110 of the fastening element 100; see reference numeral 140 indicating data transmission. At the first fastening end 104, the fastening element 100 is equipped with the anchoring thread 116, which can facilitate screwing the fastening element 100 into a fastening hole of a first structural segment 111. At the opposite second fastening end 106, the external thread 118 is formed, which can be used, for example, for fastening to a second structural segment 113. In an axial central section of the shaft section 102 there is the tapered section 108, designed as a cylindrical section with a sectionally reduced outer diameter, which is realized by an annular recess on the shaft section 102.The sensors 110, designed here as strain gauges, are glued into this radially recessed tapered section 108. The sensors 110 thus extend to a radial position at which they are protected from mechanical contact with a wall of the structural segments 111, 113 when the fastening element 100 is placed in the structural segments 111, 113. A transmission device 114 designed as a cable connection transmits the electrical sensor signals from the sensors 110 to the receiver device 122 outside the structural segments 111, 113. Figure 3A sectionally cable-connected transmission device 114 guides the transmission cables in the axial direction along an outer or inner side of the shaft section 102 to the exterior of the anchoring hole. To protect the sensors 110, which are attached (e.g., glued) to a lateral surface of the tapered section 108, from mechanical damage during and after installation, the sensors 110 can be surrounded by a compressible material that, for example, is flush or aligned with a radial lateral surface of threadless shaft sections 142, 144. Clearly, the sensors 110 are thus embedded in a compressible matrix, which protects the sensors 110 from damage and simultaneously allows precise recording of anchoring data, in particular mechanical expansion of the shaft section 102.

[0083] Reference number 146 indicates Figure 3A communicating end of the fastening element 100 is shown, at which the sensor-detected anchoring data is transmitted to the receiver device 122, either wired or wirelessly. Reference numeral 146 may also indicate an evaluation unit for connection to a receiver device 122.

[0084] In Figure 4 a detail of a shaft portion 102 of a fastening element 100 is shown, as for example according to Figure 3 , Figure 1 or Figure 7Electrical cables of the transmission device 114 can be connected to sensor pads of the sensors 110, for example, using solder contacts 152. Ribs in the tapered section 108 can form protective ramps 154 of the protective device 112 and can be configured such that the electrical cables of the transmission device 114 are guided in recesses between these ribs. This provides additional protection for the sensors 110 against malfunction due to mechanical impairments.

[0085] The cables of the transmission device 114 can be routed in a recess in the shaft section 102. This can further improve the protection of the cables against mechanical damage. Advantageously, after the cables have been inserted into the recess, the recess can be filled with resin. Cable sections routed outside the recess can be protected by a foam mass, which also protectively surrounds the sensors 110. Such a compressible foam of the protective device 112 can absorb sheath-side forces (e.g., from hardening mortar) and thereby protect the sensors 110 from artificial force influences. In other words, the protective device 112 can be designed to shield the sensor(s) 110 from forces acting on the tapered section 108 from the sheath surface of the structure segments 111, 113.As a result, the sensors 110 can be protected from undesired influences and can only detect forces of interest, in particular tensile stresses acting on the fastening element 100.

[0086] Based on the cross-sectional view of Figure 5 is clearly visible, as in the configuration according to Figure 4 the sensors 110 set back in the radial direction are protected against damage and are additionally protected against damage by the protective device 112.

[0087] The fastening element 100 according to Figure 3 to Figure 5 is configured as a sensor anchor (or as a concrete screw for through-hole mounting). A metric external thread 118 is provided at the second fastening end 106. At the first fastening end 104, the fastening element 100 can be Figure 3 to Figure 5into a pre-drilled hole in an anchoring base made of concrete, for example, in the form of the structural segments 111, 113. The anchoring thread 116 according to Figure 3 to Figure 5 can thus be a concrete thread. Mortar can be used for bonding between a wall of the structural segments 111, 113 and the fastening element 100.

[0088] Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view of a fastening element 100 according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0089] As in Figure 6 As shown, the protective device 112 may include a protective ramp 154 ​​arranged behind the sensor 110 in a screw-in direction 170 of the fastening element 100. The protective ramp 154 ​​may be arranged in the radially tapered tapered section 108.

[0090] The cross-sectional view according to Figure 6It can be seen how a respective sensor 110 is arranged with respect to the protective ramp 154 ​​when the fastening element 100 is set in a structural segment 111 or 113 by rotating it along the direction of rotation or screwing direction 170. It should be noted that the screwing direction 170 can be defined by the thread direction of an anchoring thread 116. How Figure 6As can be seen, the protective ramp 154 ​​of the protective device 112, designed as a rib, is arranged such that the radially outermost section of the protective ramp 154 ​​adjoins the sensor 110 in the setting direction. The radius of the protective ramp 154 ​​then decreases continuously, starting from the point furthest from the center in the boundary area to the sensor 110, and continuously flows into the tapered section 108. Due to this configuration, the sensor 110 is clearly located in a shielding area that is defined by the area of ​​the protective ramp 154 ​​further away from the axis and facing the sensor 110. The protective ramp 154 ​​can be made of metal, for example. Without protective ramps 154, undesirably strong notch effects can occur under certain circumstances.The provision of one or more protective ramps 154 can also advantageously ensure that foam of the protective device 112 surrounding a respective sensor 110 better fits and adheres to the otherwise smooth tapered section 108.

[0091] Figure 7 shows a fastening element 100 for a building assembly 120 according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0092] According to Figure 7 An elongated, thread-free bolt section is integrally connected to the second fastening end 106 of the shaft section 102 as an extension section 195. The extension section 195 extends from the metric external thread 118 to the communicating end 146 of the fastening element 100. Thus, according to Figure 7The fastening element 100 has the illustrated extension section 195, which extends from the second fastening end 106 of the shaft section 102 to an outer end of the fastening element 100, thereby extending the fastening element 100 beyond the second fastening end 106 of the shaft section 102. For example, a nut (not shown) can be mounted on the metric external thread 118 in order to clamp the fastening element 100 to a structural segment 111 or 113. For example, the extension section 195 can make up more than 20% or even more than half of the total length of the fastening element 100. The elongated extension section 195 allows the fastening element 100 to protrude significantly from the interconnected structural segments 111, 113.This can be advantageous, for example, if another component (not shown) is to be attached to the elongated extension section 195. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible to attach an extension section 195 to the first attachment end 104 of the shaft section 102 (not shown).

[0093] Additionally, it should be noted that "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. Furthermore, it should be noted that features or steps described with reference to one of the above embodiments may also be used in combination with other features or steps of other embodiments described above. Reference signs in the claims are not to be considered as limitations.

Claims

1. A building arrangement (120), comprising: a first building segment (111); a second building segment (113) adjacent to the first building segment (111); and a fastener (100) attached to the first building segment (111) and the second building segment (113), comprising: a shank portion (102); a first attachment end (104) at a first end of the shank portion (102), wherein the first attachment end (104) is attached to the first building segment (111); a second attachment end (106) at a second end of the shank portion (102), wherein the second attachment end (106) is attached to the second building segment (113); a sensor (110) for sensing anchoring data of the fastener (100) on and / or in the first building segment (111) and / or the second building segment (113), wherein the sensor (110) is disposed on a radially tapered taper portion (108) of the shank portion (102) axially between the first attachment end (104) and the second attachment end (106), wherein the radially tapered taper portion (108) is formed as an annular recess on a radially outer side of the shank portion; a transmitter (114) for transmitting the anchoring data from the sensor (110) to an external receiver device (122); and protecting means (112) for protecting the sensor (110), wherein the protecting means (112) is a compressible ring and is disposed circumferentially closed in the radially tapered taper portion (108).

2. The building arrangement (120) according to claim 1, wherein the sensor (110) is configured for sensing anchoring data containing relative information and / or absolute information relating to a measurement parameter.

3. The building arrangement (120) according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising at least one of the following features: wherein the first building segment (111) and / or the second building segment (113) is or are selected from a group consisting of a concrete segment, a wood segment, a metal segment and a concrete segment; configured as one of a group consisting of a building, a bridge, a tunnel, a roadway, a protective fence and a shelf; wherein the transmitter (114) comprises at least one transmission cable disposed at least partially extending along the shank portion (102); wherein the transmitter (114) is configured for wirelessly transmitting the anchoring data, in particular by means of at least one technology from a group consisting of Near Field Communication, Bluetooth, Wireless Local Area Network, Narrowband Internet of Things, Long Term Evolution and Low Power Wide Area Network; wherein the sensor (110) is configured for sensing at least one parameter from a group consisting of tensile stress, elongation, torque and temperature; wherein the sensor (110) comprises a strain gauge; comprising at least one further sensor (110) for sensing further anchoring data of the fastener (100) in the first building segment (111) and / or the second building segment (113).

4. The building arrangement (120) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the protecting means (112) comprises compressible material, in particular a compressible foam.

5. The building arrangement (120) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the protecting means (112) is configured to shield forces acting on an outer surface of the taper portion (108) in the first building segment (111) and / or the second building segment (113) from the sensor (110).

6. The building arrangement (120) according to claim 1, comprising one of the following features: wherein the protecting means (112) comprises at least one protective ramp (154) disposed circumferentially behind the sensor (110) with respect to a screw-in direction (170) of the fastener (100), in particular at least partially in the radially tapered taper portion (108).

7. The building arrangement (120) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first attachment end (104) comprises an anchoring thread (116), in particular a concrete screw thread, a wood screw thread or a metric thread.

8. The building arrangement (120) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the second attachment end (106) comprises an external thread (118), in particular a metric external thread.

9. The building arrangement (120) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising one of the following features: the fastener (100) is configured as a wood screw, in particular for push-through assembly; the fastener (100) is configured as a concrete screw, in particular for push-through assembly; the fastener (100) is configured as a bolt anchor, in particular as a concrete anchor; the fastener (100) is configured as an anchor rod, in particular for a chemical dowel; the fastener (100) is configured as a plastic dowel, in particular for a wood screw.

10. The building arrangement (120) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the receiver device (122), which is communicably coupled or coupleable to the sensor (110) for receiving anchoring data detected by means of the sensor (110).

11. The building arrangement (120) according to claim 10, comprising at least one of the following features: wherein the receiver device (122) is configured for wirelessly communicating with the sensor (110); wherein the receiver device (122) is selected from a group consisting of a router, a computer and a portable user terminal, in particular a smartphone or a tablet.

12. The building arrangement (120) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising at least one of the following features: wherein the fastener (100) comprises at least one elongated extension portion (195) extending from at least one of the first attachment end (104) of the shank portion (102) and the second attachment end (106) of the shank portion (102) to an end of the fastener (100); comprising a plurality, in particular at least five, of building segments (111, 113, 117) adjacent in pairs and a plurality of fasteners (100), in particular at least four, of building segments (111, 113, 117) adjacent in pairs, each of which is configured with a sensor (110) and a transmitter (114) for providing site-specific anchoring data to the external receiver device (122); wherein the sensor (110) is positioned in a boundary region between the first building segment (111) and the second building segment (113) in order to sense anchoring data at a transition between the first building segment (111) and the second building segment (113).

13. A method for manufacturing a building arrangement (120), the method com prising: arranging a first building segment (111) adjacent to a second building segment (113); attaching a fastener (100) to the first building segment (111) and the second building segment (113), wherein the fastener (100) is configured as follows: forming a first attachment end (104) at a first end of a shank portion (102) of the fastener (100), wherein the first attachment end (104) is attached to the first building segment (111); forming a second attachment end (106) at a second end of the shank portion (102), wherein the second attachment end (106) is attached to the second building segment (113); attaching a sensor (110) to the shank portion (102) for sensing anchoring data of the fastener (100) on and / or in the first building segment (111) and / or the second building segment (113), wherein the sensor (110) is disposed on a radially tapered taper portion (108) of the shank portion (102) axially between the first attachment end (104) and the second attachment end (106), wherein the radially tapered taper portion (108) is formed as an annular recess on a radially outer side of the shank portion; forming a transmitter (114) for transmitting the anchoring data from the sensor (110) to an external receiver device (122); and forming a protecting means (112) for protecting the sensor (110), wherein the protecting means (112) is a compressible ring and is disposed circumferentially closed in the radially tapered taper portion (108).