DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR CONVERTING MECHANICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY

Description

[0001] The present disclosure relates to devices and systems for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, particularly in flooring systems.

[0002] Energy converters for driving on roads (e.g., highways) are not currently used in the state of the art. The only known energy converters are those for pedestrians on sidewalks, powered by dynamos and piezoelectric mechanisms.

[0003] DE 11 45 225 B Pulse generator for generating constant electrical pulses in response to predetermined mechanical movements.

[0004] US 4,239,974 A relates to a power generation system for generating electrical energy and, in particular, to a power generation system that uses the otherwise wasted energy of motor vehicles moving on a roadway as an energy source.

[0005] US 2013 / 342036 A1 relates to a vibration-based power generator that is attached to a structure, such as a wall surface, a road sign, a vehicle body, and a railway bridge, and generates the electric current from the vibration of the structure.

[0006] US 2007 / 257495 A1 relates to an energy generator comprising a generally flat and partially flexible traffic surface on which pedestrians and traffic can pass, wherein a plurality of dynamo cells, each with a dynamo in it, are located beneath the traffic surface.

[0007] KR 10-1958685 B1 concerns a power generating device installed on a road.

[0008] The present disclosure is based on the object of providing devices and systems which have improved efficiency compared to known systems in the prior art.

[0009] This problem is solved by the features of the independent patent claims. The dependent patent claims relate to further aspects.

[0010] According to one example of the present disclosure, a device for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy for a system, preferably a flooring system, is provided. The device comprises: a first magnet and a second magnet, wherein the first magnet is arranged above the second magnet at a predetermined distance and movable in the direction of the second magnet, and wherein the respective like poles of the first magnet and the second magnet are aligned with each other; a first coil with a predetermined number of turns and an interior space formed by the turns, wherein the first coil accommodates the first magnet in its interior upon movement in the direction of the second magnet and generates a corresponding induced voltage;a second coil having a predetermined number of turns and an interior space formed by the turns, wherein the second coil is arranged below the first coil and is oriented perpendicular to the first coil, wherein the second coil is arranged at least partially around the second magnet and generates a voltage upon movement of the first magnet in the direction of the second magnet;

[0011] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a device for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy for a system, preferably a flooring system, is provided. The device comprises: a first magnet and a second magnet, wherein the first magnet is arranged at a predetermined distance from the second magnet and movable in the direction of the second magnet, and wherein the respective like poles of the first magnet and the second magnet are aligned with each other; a first coil with a predetermined number of turns and an interior space formed by the turns, wherein the turns of the first coil are wound in substantially parallel planes, wherein the first coil accommodates the first magnet in its interior space upon movement toward the second magnet and generates a corresponding induced voltage;a second coil having a predetermined number of turns and an interior space formed by the turns, wherein the turns of the second coil are substantially contained in a surface perpendicular to the first coil, wherein the second coil is arranged at a predetermined distance from the first coil in the direction of the second magnet, wherein the second coil is arranged at least partially around the second magnet and generates a voltage upon movement of the first magnet in the direction of the second magnet;

[0012] Various embodiments may preferably implement the following features.

[0013] The second coil preferably has the shape of an elliptical ring arranged around the second magnet. The two main vertices of the elliptical ring preferably meet at a point in the circumferential direction of the second magnet without touching each other, i.e., the two main vertices of the elliptical ring are spaced a predetermined distance apart.

[0014] The two main vertices of the elliptical ring preferably lie in a plane parallel to the first and second magnets.

[0015] Preferably, one of the secondary vertices of the elliptical ring is arranged above the second magnet and the other secondary vertex of the elliptical ring is arranged below the first secondary vertex (preferably at the level of the second magnet), wherein above denotes an offset in the direction of the first magnet.

[0016] The above geometric designations refer to the use of a first and / or second toroidal coil. The use of a first and / or second toroidal coil is particularly preferred in conjunction with a first and / or second magnet having a cylindrical shape. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the corresponding relationships between the coils and magnets apply in an equivalent form depending on the selected shapes of the magnets and / or coils. If, for example, a first and / or second magnet having a rectangular shape is used, a first and / or second coil having a rectangular hollow profile can preferably be used, wherein the relationships and positions between magnets and coils described above apply accordingly.

[0017] The device preferably comprises a first stator arranged on a side of the first magnet facing away from the second magnet and a second stator arranged on a side of the second magnet facing away from the first magnet.

[0018] The first and / or the second magnet preferably has a cylindrical, rectangular, cubic, conical, spherical, or pyramidal shape.

[0019] The first and / or second magnet may be a single magnet or a magnet composed of several individual magnets.

[0020] In one embodiment, the first and / or second magnet have a cylindrical shape in order not to lose any detectable magnetic field change or area in the repulsion coil (second coil).

[0021] Preferably, the device further comprises: a first iron element, preferably a first steel element, arranged below (on the side facing the second magnet) the first magnet; and a second iron element, preferably a second steel element, arranged in the interior of the second coil.

[0022] The first iron element is preferably arranged on the side of the first magnet facing the second magnet, and the first coil preferably accommodates the first magnet and the first iron element in its interior during movement in the direction of the second magnet, wherein the first iron element is preferably flush with the edge of the first magnet.

[0023] The first iron element preferably has a ring shape. The second iron element preferably has a ring shape with a gap. As described above, the magnets and coils can have various geometries / shapes. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the first and / or second iron element preferably has a corresponding shape.

[0024] Preferably, the first and second magnets are aligned with each other, preferably exclusively, by mutual repulsion without external force in an initial position corresponding to the predetermined distance.

[0025] The first and second magnets are preferably configured to move the first magnet in the direction of the second magnet when an external force is applied.

[0026] The first and second magnets are preferably designed to return to their initial position after an external force is applied, preferably exclusively, by mutual repulsion.

[0027] The device preferably further comprises: a first plate element arranged on a side of the first magnet facing away from the second magnet and a second plate element arranged on a side of the second magnet facing away from the first magnet, wherein the first and second stators are preferably each arranged between the first and second plate elements and the corresponding first and second magnets.

[0028] The first plate element is preferably arranged at a predetermined distance from the second plate element or is arranged at a predetermined distance from the second plate element.

[0029] The first and second stators, the first and second magnets and the first and second coils are preferably arranged in a space formed by the first and second plate members.

[0030] The first and / or second plate element preferably has at least one air slot to prevent air compression in the space formed by the first and second plate element.

[0031] The device further comprises a third coil having a predetermined number of turns, wherein the third coil is arranged between the first magnet and the second magnet and has a predetermined distance from the first magnet.

[0032] Preferably, the third coil has an outer diameter that is smaller than the inner diameter of the first coil.

[0033] Preferably, the third coil has an outer diameter that substantially corresponds to an outer diameter of the second magnet.

[0034] Preferably, the device comprises only the second iron ring when the device comprises the third coil. In other words, it is preferred that the device not comprise a first iron ring when the third coil is present.

[0035] Preferably, the third coil is arranged at least partially in a plane with the second iron ring.

[0036] Preferably, the turns of the third coil are wound in substantially parallel planes.

[0037] Preferably, the turns of the second coil are substantially contained in a surface perpendicular to the third coil.

[0038] Preferably, the device comprises, in addition to the third coil, a fourth coil with a predetermined number of turns, wherein the fourth coil is arranged above the first magnet. In other words, the fourth coil is arranged on the side of the first magnet facing away from the second magnet (i.e., the first magnet is located between the first and fourth coils).

[0039] Preferably, the fourth coil has an outer diameter that is larger than the outer diameter of the first magnet.

[0040] Preferably, the fourth coil has an outer diameter substantially equal to the outer diameter of the first coil.

[0041] Preferably, the turns of the second coil are substantially contained in a surface perpendicular to the fourth coil.

[0042] Preferably, the turns of the fourth coil are wound in substantially parallel planes.

[0043] Preferably, the turns of the fourth coil are substantially contained in a surface that is parallel to the third coil.

[0044] According to a further aspect of the present disclosure, a system, preferably a flooring system, for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy is provided with at least one of the devices described above.

[0045] Various embodiments may preferably implement the following features.

[0046] Preferably, several of the devices described above are arranged in a space which is formed by at least one side element, one floor element and one ceiling element, wherein the plurality of devices are preferably arranged symmetrically in the space and wherein particularly preferably a first device is arranged centrally in the space and further devices are arranged symmetrically around the first device in the space.

[0047] Preferably, the first stator has a shaft on the side facing away from the first magnet, which absorbs the acting force and thus moves the first stator together with the first magnet in the direction of the lower static second magnet.

[0048] The guidance of the shaft is preferably ensured by the installation of an appropriate bearing.

[0049] Preferably, the bearing is held in position by a retaining ring.

[0050] The shaft together with the first stator and the first magnet preferably have a predetermined distance from the lower second magnet in the initial state.

[0051] The upper plate element (cover) also serves as a stop when the shaft returns after a force has been applied. Among other things, this prevents or abruptly stops the vibration that occurs after the force has been applied.

[0052] The paving system may also be referred to as a "Road Energy Production System" (REPS) and, in one embodiment, corresponds to an energy converter for roads / sidewalks. The embodiments are not limited to paving systems. One skilled in the art will understand that the devices described above can be used in various other energy harvesting systems, particularly in systems with linear movements or forces acting perpendicular to the device.

[0053] In particular, the devices described here are freely scalable in size and can therefore be installed, for example, in door handles to feed consumers (with low energy requirements) or, for example, in gondolas to capture their lost energy due to excessive vibrations.

[0054] Furthermore, the devices described here can be used in sound walls that are subjected to enormous wind forces from passing trains / cars, which can be tapped by the corresponding device.

[0055] Further possible applications are, for example, in fitness centers to detect linear forces or movements. For example, when lowering the weight bench, the mechanism can absorb the weight force by swinging the barbell into place.

[0056] The above-described embodiments of the disclosure particularly provide a long service life of the device or system.

[0057] Roads are subject to many stresses: They must withstand increasing traffic frequencies and increasingly heavy trucks – in heat, cold, and rain. Therefore, integrated systems should be designed to meet these demands. The designs described here are advantageous for extremely high load-bearing capacity and thus also for a longer technical service life, among other reasons: Neodymium magnets generally have a long service life as long as they are not exposed to rust and the coercivity limit of the magnets is not exceeded. Through optimization, neodymium magnets can be insensitive to vibrations and possess an optimized curing temperature window (i.e., full magnetization at the maximum achievable ambient temperatures on the road). Since the direct path from mechanical energy to electrical energy is very short, no special mechanical configurations are required, which in turn extends the service life of the magnetic device. Since the magnetic device does not create any mechanical stress and the magnets do not touch each other, a low-friction (friction-free) system can be provided, which in turn increases the service life of the system many times over.

[0058] The above-mentioned aspects are explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments and the figures. They show: Fig. 1a shows a perspective view and a perspective sectional view of a device according to an embodiment of the disclosure, Fig. 1b shows a block diagram of a side sectional view of the device according to Fig. 1a , Fig. 1c shows a side sectional view of the device according to Fig. 1a , Fig. 2a shows a perspective view of a device according to an embodiment of the disclosure, Fig. 2b shows a block diagram of a side sectional view of the device according to Fig. 2a , Fig. 2c shows a side sectional view of the device according to Fig. 2a , Fig. 2d shows a side sectional view of the device according to another embodiment of the disclosure, Fig. 3 shows a side sectional view of a device according to an embodiment of the disclosure, Fig. 4a shows a possible arrangement of cone magnets according to an embodiment of the disclosure, Fig. 4b shows a possible arrangement of spherical magnets according to an embodiment of the disclosure, Fig. 4c shows a possible arrangement of pyramid magnets according to an embodiment of the disclosure, Fig. 4d shows a possible arrangement of rectangular magnets according to an embodiment of the disclosure, Fig. 4e shows a possible arrangement of cube magnets according to an embodiment of the disclosure, Fig. 4f shows a possible arrangement of cylinder magnets according to an embodiment of the disclosure, Fig. 5 shows a schematic sketch of a use of the device according to an embodiment of the disclosure, Fig. 6 shows a simulation setup of a device according to an embodiment of the disclosure, Fig. 7a shows a simulation of the magnetic field distribution in a device according to an embodiment of the disclosure, Fig. 7b shows the magnetic field distribution in a device according to an embodiment of the disclosure along the line A in Fig. 7a , Fig. 8a shows a simulation of the magnetic field distribution in a device according to an embodiment of the disclosure, Fig. 8b shows the magnetic field distribution in a device according to an embodiment of the disclosure along the line A in Fig. 8a .

[0059] Fig. 1a shows a perspective view and a perspective sectional view of a device according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Fig. 1b shows a block diagram of a side sectional view of the device according to Fig. 1a und Fig. 1c shows a side sectional view of the device according to Fig. 1a .

[0060] As in the Figuren 1a-1c As can be seen, a first magnet 100 is arranged at a predetermined distance above a second magnet 200. The first magnet 100 is arranged to be movable in the direction of the second magnet 200, and the respective like poles of the first magnet 100 and the second magnet 200 are aligned with each other.

[0061] In one embodiment, the second magnet 200 is installed in a fixed location.

[0062] Furthermore, a first coil 110 (toroidal coil) with a predetermined number of turns and an interior space formed by the turns is shown. The first coil 110 accommodates the first magnet 100 in its interior space as it moves toward the second magnet 200, thereby generating a corresponding induced voltage.

[0063] A second coil 210 with a predetermined number of turns and an interior space formed by the turns is also shown. The second coil 210 is arranged below the first coil 110 and is oriented perpendicular to the first coil 110. The second coil 210 is arranged at least partially around the second magnet 200 and generates a voltage upon movement of the first magnet 100 toward the second magnet 200.

[0064] The top of the first coil 110 is arranged substantially at the same height as the bottom of the first magnet 100. The first coil 110 has a shape corresponding to the first magnet 100 (here, annular), with the inner diameter of the first coil 110 being larger than the outer diameter of the first magnet 100 in order to accommodate the first magnet 100 in the interior space (defined by the inner diameter) of the first coil 110 when the first magnet 100 is moved toward the second magnet 200.

[0065] The second coil 210 has an elliptical shape. The second coil 210 is arranged around the second magnet 200 such that the ends (the two main vertices) of the elliptical second coil 210 are spaced apart by a predetermined distance, and the first and second coils 110, 210 are aligned perpendicular to each other.

[0066] The two main vertices of the second coil 210 lie in a plane parallel to the first and second magnets 100, 200.

[0067] One of the secondary vertices of the second coil 210 is arranged above the second magnet 200 and the other secondary vertex of the second coil 210 is arranged below the first secondary vertex, preferably at the level of the second magnet 200.

[0068] Fig. 2a shows a perspective view of a device according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Fig. 2b shows a block diagram of a side sectional view of the device according to Fig. 2a und Fig. 2c shows a side sectional view of the device according to Fig. 2a .

[0069] The embodiment according to the Figuren 2a-2c corresponds essentially to the embodiment according to the Figuren 1a-1c . A further description of the already mentioned Figuren 1a-1c The features described above are omitted here. Only the additional features of the embodiment according to the Figuren 2a-2c are described below.

[0070] In the Figuren 2a-2c A first iron element 120, preferably a first steel element 120, and a second iron element 220, preferably a second steel element 220, are shown. The first iron element 120 has a shape corresponding to the first magnet 100 (here a ring shape) and is arranged below the first magnet 100. In other words, the first iron element 120 is arranged on the underside of the first magnet 100 (the underside corresponds to the side facing the second magnet 200) and is flush with the first magnet 100 on the outside.

[0071] The second iron element 220 has a shape that allows the second iron element 220 to be arranged in the interior of the second coil 210 (interior of the elliptical ring). In this embodiment, the second iron element 220 has a ring shape with a gap and is arranged in the interior of the elliptical second coil 210. The second iron element 220 extends from one main vertex to the other main vertex of the second coil 210, and the two main vertices are located within the gap of the second iron element 220. The outer diameter of the second magnet 200 is smaller than the inner diameter of the second iron element 220.

[0072] The second iron element 220 is arranged above the second magnet 200, that is, the top side of the second magnet 200 (the top side corresponds to the side facing the first magnet 100) is arranged below the bottom side of the second iron element 220.

[0073] The inside and outside of the second iron element 220 are aligned with the inside and outside of the second coil 210. The second iron element 220 is arranged substantially centered in the interior of the second coil 210.

[0074] The first and second iron elements 120, 220 are arranged in planes parallel to each other.

[0075] The upper iron element 120 has two functions. The first function is to reduce the repulsive force between the magnets. The upper dynamic magnet is now subjected not only to a repulsive force from the lower static magnet, but also to an attractive force caused by the iron. The resulting force can now be calculated by balancing the forces. This allows for scaling of several modules inside the plate to increase efficiency. Furthermore, the required repulsive force can be freely scaled by varying the thickness of the iron.

[0076] The second function of the inner steel ring is to focus and displace the field lines outward toward the lower "repulsion coil." This allows noticeable voltages to be tapped.

[0077] The outer steel ring surrounding the lower static magnet manages to push the field line compression further outward through repulsion and focus it, allowing the coil to move closer. Without the lower steel ring, the physical effect would not be lost, but it would be more difficult in practice to detect the magnetic field change.

[0078] Fig. 2d shows a side sectional view of the device according to another embodiment of the disclosure. Elements of the Fig. 2d shown embodiment, which correspond to the previous embodiments, are provided with the same reference numerals and a repeated description of these elements is omitted.

[0079] Compared to the embodiment of Fig. 2c shows the design of Fig. 2d an additional third coil 310 and an additional fourth coil 410.

[0080] The third coil 310 is arranged between the first magnet 100 and the second magnet 200 and has a predetermined distance from the first magnet 100.

[0081] Furthermore, the third coil 310 has an outer diameter that is smaller than the inner diameter of the first coil 110. Furthermore, the third coil 310 has an outer diameter that substantially corresponds to an outer diameter of the second magnet 200.

[0082] The distance between the third coil 310 and the second magnet 200 is minimal, and the distance between the third coil 310 and the first magnet 100 is selected to be maximum, ie the distance between the third coil 310 and the second magnet 200 is substantially smaller than the distance between the third coil 310 and the first magnet 100.

[0083] Preferably, the device only includes the second iron ring 220 when the device includes the third coil 310. In other words, it is preferable that the device does not include the first iron ring 120 when the third coil 310 is present. However, the present disclosure is not limited to such a configuration, and the first iron ring 120 may also be used in the embodiment of the Fig. 2d to be available.

[0084] In Fig. 2d the third coil 310 is arranged at least partially in a plane with the second iron ring 220.

[0085] The turns of the third coil 310 are wound in substantially parallel planes and the turns of the second coil 210 are substantially contained in a surface perpendicular to the third coil 310.

[0086] The use of the third coil 310 offers a further increase in efficiency under a certain magnet geometry selection.

[0087] Depending on the surface area and height of the magnet traveling on it (first magnet 100), the third coil 310 shown here changes its added value. The use of the third coil 310 is particularly advantageous for magnet systems with magnets 100, 200 of great height, thus providing a flux density that extends far downwards. This allows for a longer downward winding path.

[0088] The following table shows a percentage comparison of the three coils 110, 210 and 310 with regard to their respective energy yield. In particular, the table shows the respective percentage shares of the coils in the total energy yield. The designation N52 refers to the magnets used in this exemplary embodiment (neodymium magnets NdFeB N52). The present disclosure is of course not limited to the use of these magnets and the values ​​listed in the table were determined for systems with a third coil 310 (without a fourth coil 410) and without iron rings 120, 220. The values ​​in the table can change depending on the steel (depending on the thickness). The third coil 310 loses its added value as the thickness of the iron ring increases. When using a third coil 310 and a first iron ring 120, it is therefore advantageous to select the thickness of the first iron ring 120 as small as possible. N52 70x40mm 25x20mm 150x40mm Zweite Spule 210 12% 91% 5% Erste Spule 110 77% 7% 61% Dritte Spule 310 11% 2% 34%

[0089] As can be seen in the table, the use of the third coil 310 is particularly suitable for very large magnets.

[0090] Furthermore, Fig. 2d An additional fourth coil 410 is shown. The fourth coil 410 may be present in addition to or instead of the third coil 310.

[0091] The fourth coil 410 has a predetermined number of turns. The fourth coil 410 is arranged above the first magnet 100. In other words, the fourth coil 410 is arranged on the side of the first magnet 100 facing away from the second magnet 200 (i.e., the first magnet 100 is located between the first and fourth coils 110, 410).

[0092] The fourth coil 410 has an outer diameter that is larger than the outer diameter of the first magnet 100. Furthermore, the fourth coil 410 has an outer diameter that is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the first coil 110.

[0093] As in Fig. 2d As can be seen, the turns of the second coil 210 are essentially contained in a surface that is perpendicular to the fourth coil 410.

[0094] Furthermore, the turns of the fourth coil 410 are wound in substantially parallel planes and the turns of the fourth coil 410 are substantially contained in a surface that is parallel to the third coil 310.

[0095] Compared to the third coil 310, the added value of the fourth coil 410 is similar to that of the third coil 310, with the difference that when using a shaft (shaft 131 in the embodiment described below) Fig. 3 ) passes through the fourth coil 410 to move the first magnet 100 downward. As a result, the fourth coil 410 may lose some tappable area compared to the third coil 310, where a magnetic field change occurs, but where no copper wire can be placed.

[0096] However, the fourth coil 410 can be wound further in height than the third coil 310. For the third coil 310, this is blocked by the second magnet 200, thus only allowing a certain winding height for the third coil 310. This is not the case for the fourth coil 410, and the fourth coil 410 can be wound further than the third coil 310.

[0097] Thus, the third coil 310 can be wound in such a way that a maximum tappable area is created. This means that the third coil 310 can essentially completely enclose the corresponding copper wire (at least as far as technically possible). In other words, the copper wire of the third coil 310 essentially completely fills the interior of the third coil.

[0098] The winding of the third coil 310 in the complete interior of the third coil 310 is not possible in certain embodiments for the fourth coil 410, as described above, because, for example, a shaft (shaft 131 in the embodiment described below) Fig. 3 ) is passed through the fourth coil 410 to move the first magnet 100. However, the fourth coil 410 can be wound further in height (perpendicular to the surface containing the windings of the fourth coil 410) compared to the third coil 310, as described above.

[0099] When multiple devices according to the present disclosure are used in a system according to the present disclosure, it may be advantageous to use a first number of devices with the first and second coils 110, 210 and a second number of devices with a first, a second, and a third coil 110, 210, 310. In particular, the first and second magnets 100, 200 can be selected according to their size (large magnets for the use of three coils) in order to optimize costs and efficiency in such a mixed system.

[0100] Fig. 3 shows a side sectional view of a device according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The embodiment according to Fig. 3 corresponds essentially to the embodiment described above according to the Figuren 1a-1c and 2a-2c . A further description of the already mentioned Figuren 1a-1c and 2a-2c The features described above are omitted here. Only the additional features of the embodiment according to Fig. 3 are described below.

[0101] Fig. 3 shows a first stator 130 and a second stator 230. The first stator 130 is arranged on a side of the first magnet 100 facing away from the second magnet 200. The second stator 230 is arranged on a side of the second magnet 200 facing away from the first magnet 100.

[0102] Fig. 3 further shows a first plate element 140 and a second plate element 240. The first plate element 140 is arranged on a side of the first magnet 100 facing away from the second magnet 200. The second plate element 240 is arranged on a side of the second magnet 200 facing away from the first magnet 100.

[0103] The first and second stators 130, 230 are each arranged between the first and second plate members 140, 240 and the corresponding first and second magnets 100, 200.

[0104] The first plate element 140 is arranged above the second plate element 240 at a predetermined distance.

[0105] The second plate element 240 has a vertical side element 241 which extends to the first plate element (cover) 140 and defines with the first plate element 140 a space in which the first and second stators 130, 230, the first and second magnets 100, 200 and the first and second coils 110, 210 are arranged.

[0106] The first plate element 140 is firmly connected to the vertical side element 241 of the second plate element 240 via at least one screw connection.

[0107] As in Fig. 3 As can be seen, the first and second plate elements 140, 240 extend parallel to each other. The side element 241 extends perpendicular to the first and second plate elements 140, 240. As shown in Fig. 3 As can be seen, a shaft 131 is located above the stator 130, which in turn absorbs the applied force and thus moves the stator 130 together with the magnet 100 toward the lower static magnet 200. The guidance of the shaft 131 is ensured by the attachment of a corresponding bearing 132. A retaining ring 133, in turn, holds the bearing 132 in position.

[0108] In the initial state, the shaft 131, including the stator 130 and magnet 100, are at a predetermined distance from the lower magnet 200. The upper plate element 140 (cover) also serves as a stop during the return of the shaft 131 after the force has been applied. Among other things, this prevents or abruptly stops the vibration behavior that occurs after the force has been applied.

[0109] In one embodiment, the predetermined distance is 1-20 mm, preferably 1-10 mm.

[0110] The first and second plate elements 140, 240 have air slots 150, 250 that prevent air compression caused by the translational movement of the shaft 131 including the stator 130 and magnet 100. Fastening means are provided on the underside of the second plate element 240 and on the shaft 131, enabling installation of the device, e.g., in a flooring system.

[0111] As described above, the device comprises a base element (second plate element 240) and a cover element (first plate element 140 or also ceiling element). The cover element is firmly connected to the base element or to the side element 241 via a corresponding screw connection 141. To seal against moisture, for example, a flat seal 142 is inserted between the base element 240 and the cover element 140.

[0112] When used in a floor covering system, the entire device (also called force module) is then fixed to a base plate or floor construction (not shown) using hexagon socket screws.

[0113] A shaft 131 is mounted on the stator 130 of the upper magnet 100. This shaft is movably mounted, thus enabling translational movement in the vertical direction. The moving shaft 131 is guided by the bearing 132, which is mounted in the cover element 140.

[0114] The bearing 132 is fixed by a retaining ring 133.

[0115] Additional rectangular struts 134 in the upper area of ​​the cover element are intended to further stabilize the bearing and ultimately the shaft 131 and reinforce the cover element 140. This allows forces with a non-vertical orientation to be absorbed and dissipated via the housing.

[0116] The upper stator 130 including shaft 131 serves in conjunction with the cover element 140 as a stop to suppress natural oscillation behavior after deflection (the stator 130 is abruptly stopped by the cover element 140).

[0117] The air slots 150, 250 in the base element 240 and in the cover element 140 serve to prevent air compression inside the device when force is applied.

[0118] The first and second coils 110, 210, the first and second magnets 100, 200, and the first and second iron elements 120, 220 are preferably embedded in epoxy resin. This allows the components to be effectively protected and positioned.

[0119] Fig. 4a-4f show various arrangements of magnets that can be used for the first and / or second magnets 100, 200. In other words, the first and / or second magnet 100, 200 can consist of an arrangement of several magnets, wherein the several magnets are arranged as shown in the Figuren 4a-4f can be arranged to form a respective first and / or second magnet 100, 200.

[0120] In particular, Fig. 4a a possible arrangement of cone magnets according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Fig. 4b shows a possible arrangement of spherical magnets according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Fig. 4c shows a possible arrangement of pyramid magnets according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Fig. 4d shows a possible arrangement of rectangular magnets according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Fig. 4e shows a possible arrangement of cube magnets according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Fig. 4f shows a possible arrangement of cylinder magnets according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0121] The use of one of the above-mentioned arrangements of multiple magnets to construct the first and / or second magnet 100, 200 can reduce the associated costs in contrast to the use of a single magnet 100, 200, among others.

[0122] When using a single magnet, a coil with cost y is wound around a single magnet with cost z and area x. For example, if a coil is wound around four magnets stacked together, the magnet cost is 4z divided by 4x the area. However, the coil cost is not 4x, but only 2y, because the optimal number of windings does not quadruple. Substituting this into the formula described below, 4x results in 16 times the power. Because each magnet is facing north, there is a repulsive force between the individual magnets, which shortens their lifespan.

[0123] Since the same effect can be achieved with sphere magnets as with cube magnets (see below), but a 10 mm diameter sphere magnet has a mass of 3.8 grams and a cube magnet has a mass of 7.6 grams and thus ultimately fewer kilograms of neodymium are required and thus less cost for the system, the use of sphere magnets is advantageous when assembling the magnets.

[0124] The function and use of the device described above are described in more detail below. Fig. 5 shows a schematic sketch of a functioning and use of the device according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0125] The basic principle is based on the conversion of mechanical energy into induced voltage. Fig. 5 explains the basic principle using the example of a flooring system (here a road). As in Fig. 5 As shown under point (1), the vertical weight force and the vertical kinetic force (e.g. the mass of a car and its gravity) are used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0126] Under point (2) shows Fig. 5 An exemplary arrangement of several devices as described above, arranged in a trough (here symmetrically) to compensate for torques. In this embodiment, four devices are arranged at the corners of a square, and one device is centered in the square formed by the four devices. However, this is merely one of many possible arrangements for the device(s) and is not intended to limit the present disclosure thereto.

[0127] The functionality is outlined in more detail in sections (3-6). Due to the apparatus setup described here, the weight of the vehicles passing over them causes the magnets 100, 200 to move relative to each other, which in turn leads to a change in the magnetic fields. Due to the resulting charge separation of the strong permanent magnets 100, 200, the charges in the surrounding wire coil are moved, thus inducing a voltage that generates a current flow through a load (induction voltage). Fig. 5 the "repulsion coil" (second coil 210) is not visible.

[0128] The induced voltages or currents described above are tapped by buffering them, for example, using capacitors. The induced currents can then be rectified using a bridge circuit.

[0129] Fig. 6 shows a simulation setup of a device according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Fig. 6 shows the second coil 210 ("repulsion coil") and the first coil 110 ("induction coil") around a respective cuboid magnet (first and second magnet 100, 200).

[0130] The two-coil system, thanks to the special arrangement described above, allows for a magnetic field change to be sensed in both horizontal and vertical directions. This significantly minimizes energy loss. The geometry of the first and second coils 110, 210 and magnets 100, 200 was chosen freely here to generally explain the principle.

[0131] A relatively high voltage can be induced by the repulsion of magnets 100, 200. In the experimental setup, the repulsion coil 210 represents the lower coil 210 of the repulsing magnet 200. Since the first coil 110 follows the induced voltage principle, the functional principle of the repulsion coil 210 shown here is also used in the embodiments described here.

[0132] The dynamics of changing the magnet position subsequently alter the propagation of the magnetic field. This causes the field lines to become denser, and the entire magnetic field is subsequently pushed outward. The outwardly pushed field lines thus allow for an expansion of the 3-dimensional space, which can be tapped by coils.

[0133] Referring to the induced voltage equation, this not only means a significant change in the magnetic field and time, but also a significant increase in the area covered by the coils. This, in turn, means that the repulsion of the magnetic poles not only restores the initial position but also releases additional energy that can be tapped.

[0134] The additional steel ring configuration allows the magnets to be designed only for the required repulsion.

[0135] In https: / / www.supermagnete.at / scheibenmagnete-neodym / scheibenmagnet-45mm-30mm_S-45-30-N The attractive force of two neodymium 45s with a diameter of 45 mm and a height of 30 mm is shown as a function of distance. The repulsive force represents approximately 90% of the attractive force. This allows the system to achieve a higher repulsive force at shorter distances. This, in turn, means that up to a certain limit of the weight force, the repulsion coil 210 still generates power, and thus no energy is lost at larger masses.

[0136] Furthermore, the first plate element 140 is returned to its original position using the first and second magnets 100, 200 without the use of a mechanical mechanism, such as a spring. The energy required should ideally be half of the achieved energy. The present embodiments allow additional energy to be generated by changing the magnetic field when returning the first plate element 140. The only difference from the downward movement is the negative sign in the voltage curve. This means that, as long as the magnets are not damaged, more energy can be converted compared to any other energy converter.

[0137] The formula for calculating the final energy per device is: U = N × Δ B × A Δ t 2 R ∗ t 4 ∗ 2 , where N is the number of turns and B*A is the magnetic field change depending on the area. Integration was always performed for the flux density value, since there are no local flux density points in an enclosed turn. Furthermore, t indicates the time of the magnet moving downwards (first magnet 100), and R is the resistance of the turns in ohms. The whole value is divided by 4, since only 1 / 4 remains with the load. The whole value is multiplied by 2, since there is a downward and an upward path.

[0138] In one embodiment, the system can also be designed so that the downward or upward path is faster / slower.

[0139] Fig. 7a shows a simple 2D simulation of a magnetic sphere assembly with an iron coating (N55-90° magnetized). Fig. 7b shows the integration thread (line A) through the spherical magnets.

[0140] Fig. 8a shows a simple 2D simulation of a magnetic cube assembly with an iron coating (N55-90° magnetized). Fig. 8b shows the integration thread (line A) through the cube magnets. The sphere magnets were used as an example to illustrate how much flux density can be achieved.

[0141] The simulations indicate a potential magnetic field change of 0.9 Tesla. Since the formula is based on area rather than volume, the smaller the point on the horizontal plane, the better. This increases Delta B (the magnetic field change).

[0142] If you take the following values ​​for the induction coil: A=0.0153m^2, B=0.45 Tesla (here not 0.9 Tesla as shown in the simulation above, because with a 70 mm diameter, the magnet will take up an area of ​​140 mm in order to wind as optimally as possible, with 1 cm away downwards. After integration you get 0.45 Tesla instead of 0.9 Tesla. The time t=0.0714 s is calculated from a force balance of the magnetic repulsion and the counterforce using Lenz's law.

[0143] The free fall for 1 cm without friction is defined as follows: 0.0345 s. Due to the counterforce of the magnet, the integrated 0.06 s for 1 cm of travel is obtained and due to the deceleration of the opposing magnetic field caused by the current, the final time constant is 0.0714 s.

[0144] Furthermore, N=4000 windings are used, as this would be the optimum with a 0.3 mm wire and a surface area of ​​140 mm. This also results in a resistance value of 316 ohms.

[0145] Energy induction coil theory: 5.26 joules with consumer and 21.06 joules without consumer.

[0146] The same calculation is performed for the repulsion coil with the following values: B=2.5 T (where 2.5 T is a high value, but not unrealistic), A=0.00125 m^2, t=0.005 s, N=555, R=71.284 ohms. The difference here lies in the magnetic field change. Since the 2.5 Tesla change encompasses the entire windings and this magnetic field change follows a different physical principle, we do not need to integrate here.

[0147] Theoretically, the repulsion coil produces 4.2 joules with a consumer and 16.8 joules without a consumer.

[0148] The calculation therefore comes to 48.09 joules per module without loads and power electronics (i.e., repulsion and induction coils). With loads and power electronics, the result is 12 joules per module (device).

[0149] Since the present embodiments function largely independently of mechanical power sources (e.g., the spindle for an electric dynamo), the time constant can be kept very small. This means that this mechanism can generate more power than other systems with the same energy—i.e., the same mass, the same acceleration, and the same displacement—because the time constant is not significantly affected.

[0150] Because the first magnet 100 moves linearly through the first coil 110, a larger area can be tapped, similar to a dynamo. For the same cost as such a dynamo-based system, approximately 32 modules (devices) can be installed. This achieves more than 60 times the energy. To increase the service life and make the mechanism largely maintenance-free, the present embodiments can preferably be designed for 74 joules, 15 times that of dynamo-based systems.

[0151] Although the present disclosure has been explained primarily with reference to paving systems, particularly roads, the use of the devices described herein is not limited to this application. One skilled in the art will understand that the devices described above can be used in various other energy harvesting systems, particularly systems involving linear motion. Non-exhaustive examples include highway baffles, door handles, etc.

[0152] Although the disclosure is illustrated and described in detail by means of the figures and the associated description, this illustration and this detailed description are to be understood as illustrative and exemplary and not as limiting the disclosure. It is understood that those skilled in the art may make changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the following claims. In particular, the disclosure also encompasses embodiments having any combination of features mentioned or shown above for various aspects and / or embodiments.

[0153] The disclosure also includes individual features in the figures even if they are shown there in connection with other features and / or are not mentioned above.

[0154] Furthermore, the term "comprising" and derivatives thereof do not exclude other elements or steps. Likewise, the indefinite article "a" or "an" and derivatives thereof do not exclude a plurality. The functions of several features listed in the claims may be performed by a single unit. The terms "essentially," "about," "approximately," and the like, in connection with a property or value, specifically define the property or value. All reference signs in the claims are not to be understood as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A device for converting mechanical energy into electric energy for a system, preferably a flooring system, wherein the device comprises: a first magnet (100) and a second magnet (200), wherein the first magnet (100) is arranged at a predetermined distance from the second magnet (200) and in a manner movable in the direction of the second magnet (200), and wherein the same poles of the first magnet (100) and the second magnet (200) are aligned with each other; a first coil (110) having a predetermined number of windings and an inner space formed by the windings, wherein the windings of the first coil (110) are wound in substantially parallel planes, wherein the first coil (110) receives the first magnet (100) in its inner space during a movement in the direction of the second magnet (200) and generates a corresponding induction voltage; a second coil (210) having a predetermined number of windings and an inner space formed by the windings, wherein the windings of the second coil (120) are contained substantially in a surface being perpendicular with respect to the first coil (110), wherein the second coil (210) is arranged at a predetermined distance from the first coil (110) in the direction of the second magnet (200), wherein the second coil (210) is arranged at least partially around the second magnet (200) and generates a voltage when the first magnet (100) moves in the direction of the second magnet (200); and a third coil (310) having a predetermined number of windings, wherein the third coil (310) is arranged between the first magnet (100) and the second magnet (200) and has a predetermined distance from the first magnet (100).

2. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a first stator (130) arranged on a side of the first magnet (100) facing away from the second magnet (200) and a second stator (230) arranged on a side of the second magnet (200) facing away from the first magnet (100).

3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first and / or the second magnet (100, 200) has a cylindrical, rectangular, cubic, conical, spherical, or pyramidal shape.

4. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: a first iron element (120), preferably a first steel element (120), which is arranged on the side of the first magnet (100) facing the second magnet (200); and a second iron element (220), preferably a second steel element (220), which is arranged in the inner space of the second coil (210).

5. The device according to claim 4, wherein the first coil (110) receives the first magnet (100) and the first iron element (120) in its inner space during a movement in the direction of the second magnet (200), wherein the first iron element (120) is preferably flush with the edge of the first magnet (100).

6. The device according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the first iron element (120) has a ring shape and / or wherein the second iron element (220) has a ring shape with a gap.

7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first and second magnets (100, 200) are aligned with each other in an initial position corresponding to the predetermined distance, preferably exclusively, due to the mutual repulsion without an external force being applied.

8. The device according to claim 7, wherein the first and second magnets (100, 200) are adapted to move the first magnet (100) in the direction of the second magnet (200) when an external force is applied.

9. The device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the first and second magnets (100, 200) are adapted to return to the initial position after an external force has been applied, preferably exclusively, due to the mutual repulsion.

10. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a first plate element (140) arranged on a side of the first magnet (100) facing away from the second magnet (200) and a second plate element (240) arranged on a side of the second magnet (200) facing away from the first magnet (100), wherein the first and second stators (130, 230) are preferably each arranged between the first and second plate elements (140, 240) and the corresponding first and second magnets (100, 200) and wherein further preferably the first plate element (140) is arranged at a predetermined distance from the second plate element (240).

11. The device according to claim 10, wherein the first and second stators (130, 230), the first and second magnets (100, 200) and the first and second coils (110, 210) are arranged in a space formed by the first and second plate elements (140, 240).

12. The device according to claim 11, wherein the first and / or second plate element (140, 240) comprises at least one air slot (250) for preventing air compression in the space formed by the first and second plate elements (140, 240).

13. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising: a fourth coil (410) having a predetermined number of windings, wherein the fourth coil (410) is arranged on the side of the first magnet (100) facing away from the second magnet (200).

14. A system, preferably a flooring system, for converting mechanical energy into electric energy, comprising at least one device according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

15. The system according to claim 14, wherein a plurality of devices according to any one of claims 1 to 9 are arranged in a space which is formed by at least one side element, a floor element and a cover element, wherein the plurality of devices are preferably arranged symmetrically in the space and wherein particularly preferably a first device is arranged centered in the space and further devices are arranged symmetrically around the first device in the space.