METHOD FOR OPERATING AN INPUT DEVICE AND INPUT DEVICE

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for operating an input device and to such an input device. At least one input element of the input device is at least partially manually actuated to perform an input.

[0002] Such input devices are widely used, for example as mouse wheels in computer mice or as control buttons on car steering wheels. Input devices known in the prior art have the disadvantage that the known control methods provide insufficient feedback for the user.

[0003] Mouse wheels and steering wheel controls in motor vehicles usually have a tactile grid to provide the user with haptic feedback when turning them. This allows the user to control the input device more precisely.

[0004] However, if a user wants to scroll through a long document on a computer using a mouse, they often have to turn the mouse wheel many times to advance. This can be quite time-consuming, requiring the user to constantly turn the mouse wheel. Alternatively, the user can hold the scroll bar with the mouse button and drag it up or down on the screen to move forward or backward more quickly. However, this requires the user to reposition the mouse on the screen and lock the scroll bar. It would be simpler if the user could navigate through the document more quickly by turning the mouse wheel faster. A disadvantage of this, however, is the ratcheting action of the mouse wheel, which provides periodic resistance to the rotation. This ratcheting action, however, is beneficial for the user experience.

[0005] Documents US 2018 / 164901 A1, US 2020 / 122575 A1, and DE 10 2019 117336 A1 disclose computer peripheral interface devices such as computer mice and methods whereby different friction profiles for the mouse wheel can be set. This allows the mouse to stop at specific points. However, this is not helpful with long lists.

[0006] In contrast, the object of the present invention is to improve the usability of the input device. For example, the user should be able to navigate through longer lists more easily using a computer mouse or a control wheel in a motor vehicle. In particular, ease of use and / or ergonomics should be improved, and the user should be better supported when working with the input device. Preferably, the use of the input device and the execution of inputs should be made more intuitive.

[0007] This problem is solved by a method having the features of claim 1 and by an input device having the features of claim 15.

[0008] Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. Further advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the general description and the description of exemplary embodiments.

[0009] The method according to the invention serves to operate an input device, in particular for a computer system. At least one input element of the input device is at least partially manually actuated to perform an input, in particular into the computer system connected to the input device. The input element of the input device is a (at least) movable and, in particular, pivotable input element. The input element of the input device is at least partially manually actuated and, in particular, pivoted to perform an input. At least one change in the angular position of the input element is detected by means of at least one sensor device. A signal is output, which is influenced at least by the change in the angular position of the input element. A free-running state of the pivotable input element is simulated from a start time.From the start time (afterwards), a signal is output in the free-running state, which is independent of the angular position of the input element.

[0010] The invention has many advantages. A significant advantage is that the input element does not actually need to provide a freewheel. The freewheel is simulated. This is achieved by initiating a freewheel state.

[0011] Preferably, the start time is set when the user issues a start command, which can be triggered in particular by pressing a button or switch, or acoustically or visually. This can be done by pressing a button or switch, or even a special switch. Speech recognition or gesture recognition is also possible.

[0012] Preferably, the start command is triggered (automatically) when a characteristic value for a temporal change in the angular position of the input element exceeds a predetermined value. For this purpose, the temporal angular positions of the input element are compared, and movements and / or accelerations of the input element are determined from this. At least one characteristic value is derived from the determined motion data. Preferably, the characteristic value is derived (continuously or periodically) and compared with the predetermined value. If the characteristic value reaches or exceeds the predetermined value, the start command is triggered, and the start time (simulation start time) for a freewheeling state is set. In particular, the start time is set immediately. From the start time onward, a freewheeling state is simulated, effectively treating the input element as if it had a freewheeling function.It is irrelevant whether the input element actually continues to rotate and for how long. It is treated as if it were continuing to rotate.

[0013] With the start command, or from the start time onwards, a free-running state of the rotatable input element is simulated. In this free-running state, a signal is output that is independent of the angular position of the input element.

[0014] For the purposes of the present invention, "swiveling" also includes rotation. It is irrelevant whether continuous rotation is possible or occurs.

[0015] When determining the characteristic value, speeds and accelerations can be deduced from temporal changes in the angular position caused by rotational and / or pivoting movements.

[0016] In a simulated freewheeling state, or during the simulation of a freewheeling state, the output signal regularly does not depend on the position or angular orientation of the input element.

[0017] The invention makes it possible to equip conventional input devices with a "free-rolling function." A single "push" is sufficient to achieve continuous scrolling of text on the screen, for example, using a computer mouse. The input element can continue to rotate, but it doesn't have to. This can also be achieved with input devices that are not particularly easy to move or that have a fixed grid.

[0018] The invention can, of course, also be implemented with smooth-running input elements where the freewheeling state can be extended virtually indefinitely. The "simulation of the freewheeling state" can also be referred to as a virtual freewheeling function.

[0019] Preferably, the simulation of the freewheeling state is terminated (an end time is defined) when the user makes another input. This function can be adjustable and configurable. Thus, the simulation of the freewheeling state can be terminated only upon certain inputs and / or the pressing of specific keys, gestures, or acoustic commands.

[0020] For example, the freewheeling state can be selectively ended by pressing a specific control button, mouse button, switch, or by pressing the scroll wheel or control roller.

[0021] Preferably, the simulation of the freewheeling state is (automatically) terminated when the input element is no longer rotating (and, for example, stationary) and when the user then begins to rotate the input element, causing the sensor device to detect a change in the angular position. This enables advantageous operation. The user can start the simulation of the freewheeling state through specific movements (or other actions) and stop it again with a (slight) movement.

[0022] In advantageous embodiments, the simulation of the freewheeling state is terminated when the speed of the input element is actively changed (by the user) and the input element is decelerated or accelerated.

[0023] In particular, the simulation of the freewheeling state is terminated if the input element is (still) rotating and the user actively changes its speed, either decelerating or accelerating it. This is preferably done by comparing the simulation with empirical values. If the input element's speed decreases over time within the expected range (due to friction), no action is taken. However, if acceleration or deceleration exceeds the expected level, the end time is determined and the simulation is terminated.

[0024] Preferably, a signal is output during the free-running state or during the simulation of the free-running state, which is independent of the change in the angular position of the input element over time during the free-running state. It is preferably simulated as if the element were continuing to rotate.

[0025] In preferred advanced training systems, the signal includes at least one parameter. At least one parameter can be taken from a group of parameters, which group (or group) includes a current angular position, a current rotational speed, a current angular acceleration, a current time, and other directly acquired or derived values, and the like. Considering and transmitting multiple parameters or values ​​allows for particularly fine-tuned and precise control. The signal can be digital and / or analog. For example, a current change in acceleration (jerk) can also be captured as an additional value.

[0026] Preferably, the signal depends on the speed of the input element when the predetermined dimension is exceeded and / or on the acceleration of the input element when the predetermined dimension is exceeded.

[0027] In preferred training courses, the characteristic value is derived from the velocity and / or acceleration of the input element. Furthermore, the characteristic value can also be derived from an angular position and / or a change in acceleration and / or other (motion) parameters.

[0028] Preferably, the user's behavior is evaluated by artificial intelligence. In particular, the signal in the free-running state is adjusted depending on the evaluation by the artificial intelligence. The input device can thus learn practically on its own (or via the connected computer): The software then remembers, in particular, the movement patterns of the input element and uses these for the advantageous internal derivation of control structures and commands (artificial intelligence).

[0029] It is preferred that the signal after the start time is larger than the signal at the time when the characteristic value (for a temporal change in the angular position of the input element) exceeds a predetermined value. This also means that the signal can be larger than at the maximum rotational speed of the input element. It is also possible that the signal is larger than at the maximum physically or ergonomically possible rotational speed. This is particularly advantageous when scrolling through (very) long lists or documents.

[0030] The signal level, set immediately after the start time or at the start command, can depend on the length of a document, the number of list entries, the number of menu items, and / or the remaining travel distance. In particular, the signal (and the scrolling speed) increases with the length of the document, list, etc.

[0031] The signal can also decrease in size as the remaining length of the list decreases or as the number of remaining list entries decreases. This allows the scrolling speed to be reduced in the last 5%, 10%, or 20% of the list.

[0032] In all embodiments and further developments, the input element is pivotable through at least a (small) angular range. In particular, the input element can be pivoted by at least half a turn or nearly a full turn. It is also possible and preferred that the input element can be rotated more than one turn or even several turns. Particularly preferred is the ability to rotate the input element continuously.

[0033] In all configurations, the signal can depend on the time elapsed since the start time. In particular, a gradual decrease in the input element's speed can be simulated during the freewheeling state. Such a decrease can be linear or in steps. The corresponding values ​​can be reduced linearly, exponentially, or in another suitable manner. This also makes it possible to simulate a curve similar to what would occur with an actual freewheeling state, where, in reality, the rotational speed decreases over time due to friction, and the input element comes to a stop after a certain period. Furthermore, the signal can also depend on a direction of movement (e.g., forward / backward) and / or an (initial) speed and / or an (initial) acceleration. Additionally, an increase or other dependency, such as... can preferably be simulated during the freewheeling state.A periodic fluctuation in the speed of the input element is simulated. Preferably, the duration of the freewheeling state is limited.

[0034] Preferably, at least one movement of the input element can be selectively delayed (i.e., preferably braked and, in particular, dampened) and / or held, and in particular blocked and / or released, by means of at least one controllable magnetorheological braking device. The movement of the input element is selectively adjusted, in particular by means of at least one control device and / or, in particular, by the computer system, at least as a function of at least one input condition stored in the computer system and / or in the input device. In particular, the adjustment of the movement of the input element is achieved by controlling the braking device. The input condition includes, in particular, a movement parameter of the input element.

[0035] "Holding" within the meaning of this application specifically encompasses a very significant delay in the movement of the input element, which can only be overcome with considerable effort from the operator. In contrast, a blocked input element is (practically) no longer movable by the user.

[0036] The mobility of the input element can be specifically adjusted depending on at least one input condition, wherein the input condition includes at least one movement parameter.

[0037] In particular, the motion parameter includes the input condition at least one direction and / or one velocity and / or one acceleration and / or one change in acceleration of the motion of the input element. Preferably, the motion parameter may also include an angular position.

[0038] The movement can be linear, pivoting, and / or rotating. It is also possible to use a specific movement position, such as a rotation and / or pivot angle, as an input condition.

[0039] A particularly advantageous feature is the ability to adjust the input element's movement based on the input condition. This allows for targeted support of the user when working with the input device. Furthermore, using the input device becomes significantly more comfortable and the input process more intuitive. For example, this can lead to improved productivity and a reduction in user errors. The use of the movement parameter, in particular, provides beneficial haptic feedback to the user. The user receives direct feedback based on their input and / or movement. Visual control of the input on the control device is unnecessary. The user can directly feel how the input is being processed, especially by a connected computer system. People with diabetes may have significantly reduced skin sensitivity, for example.The fingers are not tactile, making it difficult or impossible to control a touch surface (touch-sensitive surface, such as a volume slider). Haptic feedback is still perceived. Furthermore, input conditions can also be stored directly on the input device in a memory unit or by a computer system integrated into the input device. This allows the input conditions to be stored directly on the user's device.

[0040] A particular advantage of such advanced features is that they offer an additional dimension in which the mobility of the input element can be adjusted. A first basic dimension in which the mobility of the input element can be adjusted is known, for example, from WO 2018 / 215350 A1. There, the adjustment of the mobility of the input element is described as a function of the rotation angle, so that detents appear at certain intervals and are perceptible (haptic feedback). The invention now makes it possible to overlay this dimension with a further dimension of haptic feedback. For example, the mobility of the input element can be slowed down more significantly or even blocked (second dimension) if the user rotates the control element between two detents (first dimension) too quickly, accelerates it too much, or suddenly changes direction.

[0041] In particular, the method is used to operate a computer mouse. The method can also be used to operate a rotary knob and / or a scroll wheel and / or a thumbwheel and / or a joystick and / or a haptic phone case and / or a smart device and / or another input device. It is also suitable for operating technical equipment in vehicles (as rotary controls; rotary / push controls; for infotainment, air conditioning, as a gear selector, for navigation, for seat adjustment, in the steering or steering wheel, for operating chassis adjustment, driving mode adjustment, distance setting, adaptive cruise control, trailer control, etc.), motor vehicles, aircraft, ships, boats, agricultural machinery (tractors, combine harvesters, harvesting machines, other agricultural machinery, snow groomers, etc.), construction machinery, and material handling equipment (forklifts, etc.).), processing machines and equipment used in industry or in medical or industrial facilities.

[0042] The invention can also be used in the operation or as an input device of / for washing machines, kitchen / household appliances and equipment, radios, cameras and film cameras, VR (Virtual Reality) and AI (Artificial Intelligence) devices, hi-fi and television systems, smart devices, smart home devices, laptops, PCs, smartwatches, in a crown wheel of wristwatches or as an input device for computers or as a computer mouse or as a rotary dial in a computer mouse or controllers, game consoles, gaming equipment, rotary knob in a keyboard or other devices.

[0043] A computer or mobile device to which the input device is connected can serve as the computing device. The computing device can also be part of another device, machine, or vehicle. For example, the input device could then be a thumbwheel in the steering wheel of a vehicle. In particular, the computing device includes at least one display device. The input device provides, or is part of, a human-machine interface (HID). Specifically, the computing device includes at least one graphical user interface (GUI) and, for example, a monitor, display, or the like. In particular, the graphical user interface graphically displays information and, for example, an input or the effects of an input.

[0044] The input condition stored in the computer configuration can be fixed. The input condition stored in the computer configuration can also be determined dynamically, for example, depending on a program or menu. The input condition can also be dynamically adjusted depending on the input, resulting in mutual feedback or dependency.

[0045] Preferably, bidirectional communication takes place between the computer system and the input device. In particular, the input device can be controlled by the computer system, and preferably vice versa. Specifically, the computer system can control the braking device and preferably adjust the braking effect. For this purpose, at least one algorithm and, for example, software, a driver, or the like are stored in the computer system.

[0046] Manual operation of the input device is understood to mean, in particular, any operation powered at least partially by muscle power. This may also include operation with the foot or head.

[0047] Within the scope of the present invention, deceleration is understood to mean, in particular, braking and, more preferably, also damping. Releasing or releasing means, in particular, at least a partial reduction of the deceleration and, more preferably, a complete removal of the deceleration. When the movement of the input element is completely released, the braking device is, in particular, inactive. Preferably, when released, a magnetorheological medium is not affected by a magnetic field actively generated by the braking device. When completely released, the input element is, in particular, freely movable and, for example, freely rotatable. In addition to rotational movement, push actuation and / or pull actuation can also be provided for the input element.

[0048] The method can also be performed with input devices where the input element has at least two degrees of freedom. The movement of the input element along a first degree of freedom is selectively blocked and / or, in particular, held in place by means of a magnetorheological braking device while the input element is being actuated for input along the second degree of freedom and / or after the input element has been actuated for input along the second degree of freedom.

[0049] In particular, the input element's rotation is blocked by the braking device while it is being pushed and / or pulled along its second degree of freedom. This offers the distinct advantage that no accidental input occurs through rotation during the pushing or pulling action (so-called push or pull function). For example, pushing or pulling confirms an entry that was previously selected from a menu by rotating. If the input element were accidentally rotated while pushing or pulling, an incorrect menu item could be confirmed. Additionally or alternatively, the input element's rotation can be blocked by the braking device if it has been previously pushed and / or pulled. This prevents any subsequent unwanted input.In particular, the blocking is released by moving the input element again along the second degree of freedom. The blocking can also be released automatically after a defined time.

[0050] In particular, a pivoting movement along the first degree of freedom is blocked by a linear movement along the second degree of freedom. For this purpose, the input element is preferably pressed and / or pulled and / or pivoted about a pivot point located outside the input device itself. In particular, the linear movement is transverse to the axis of rotation.

[0051] In this context, "pushing" and / or "pulling" refers in particular to the actuation of at least one button and / or switch and / or switching mechanism that can be actuated by pushing, pulling, pivoting, and / or rotating. This actuation can be detected, in particular, by additional sensors.

[0052] This method advantageously suppresses a second and / or other parallel user input. This is particularly beneficial when an input needs to be isolated from other inputs, such as rotation and / or swivel movements.

[0053] In advanced training courses, the procedure can also be carried out with input devices in which the movement of the input element is selectively slowed, held, and in particular blocked and released, especially by means of a magnetorheological braking device, and in which the movement of the input element is specified and / or influenced at least as a function of a profile. The profile comprises, for example, at least two, three, four, five, ten, twenty, fifty, one hundred, or more input conditions that are at least partially dependent or independent of one another. The profile is, in particular, specified at least partially by a user.

[0054] Advantageously, the movement of the input element is controlled simultaneously based on at least two input conditions. Advantageously, the profile can have multiple or even numerous input conditions. In particular, a profile contains all the necessary input conditions for controlling a connected computer system. Advantageously, the profiles can be easily exchanged. Furthermore, the input conditions of the profile can be adjusted and adapted together and in relation to each other. The profile enables the transfer of input conditions for controlling the magnetorheological braking system. For example, game profiles for connected computer systems can be adapted and transferred between different computer systems.For example, a profile can selectively influence the strength and / or intensity of the delay in the movement of the input device to change the braking effect of the magnetorheological braking device.

[0055] The input conditions of the profile can be particularly advantageously customized via at least one user interface using a computer system. For example, it is possible to select from a large number of predefined profiles and further adapt them to individual needs. This customization is primarily based on the movement parameters of the input element.

[0056] In at least one advantageous embodiment, a grid with stop points is generated within a movement range of the input element by the braking device, which influences the mobility and movement of the input element. The grid with stop points advantageously provides feedback to the user regarding the movement made.

[0057] In at least one advantageous embodiment, the distance between at least two adjacent endpoints within the grid is at least partially varied depending on the movement parameter of the input element. This advantageously provides improved feedback for the user of the input device's input element. It is also possible for the grid itself to change depending on the movement parameter of a movement.

[0058] Preferably, at least one endpoint is skipped and / or omitted depending on the movement parameter of the input element. Furthermore, it is possible for individual endpoints to be skipped and / or omitted depending on the position of the input element. This advantageously allows, for example, rapid movements to be executed without disruptive endpoints for the user. This enables user-friendly operation. Additionally, it is possible for endpoints to be perceptible to the user in one direction of movement. This provides the user with advantageous feedback, for example, if an input is intended to change depending on the direction. Furthermore, this makes it possible for the user to perceive the detent only at low accelerations.

[0059] In at least one advantageous embodiment, the grid has between 3 and 200 stop points. Advantageously, the grid has between 5 and 100 stop points.

[0060] Preferably, when program elements are swiped over (so-called mouseover), the mobility of the input element is set depending on the type of program element being swiped over and / or depending on an input condition for the program element being swiped over.

[0061] In an advantageous embodiment, the input element is used for scrolling. The mobility of the input element is preferably adjusted and changed depending on the scrolling action, and in particular depending on the currently displayed page information and / or other displayed information. Scrolling is achieved, in particular, by means of a rotary movement of the input element. Preferably, the input element is designed as an input wheel. The input wheel is, in particular, a finger wheel or thumb wheel, or includes at least one such element.

[0062] The movement of the input element is delayed (especially dampened) or held in place, and especially blocked, if the currently displayed page information includes a previously set marker and / or a search term and / or a user hint. The user hint may, for example, include a prompt and / or a warning or the like.

[0063] In an advantageous embodiment, the input element is used for and preferably employed in a spreadsheet. The mobility of the input element is preferably adjusted depending on at least one parameter of the table cells, preferably the content of the cells. The parameter can also relate to the position of the table cells.

[0064] In particular, the movement of the input element when scrolling through a table is delayed and released depending on a displayed cell height and / or cell width and / or an actual cell height and / or cell width. It is provided that a grid corresponding to the cell height and / or cell width is set for scrolling. Specifically, the rotational movement of the input element is gridded. In all embodiments, the grid is achieved, in particular, by magnetorheologically generating endpoints. Specifically, the grid is achieved by selectively delaying or blocking and selectively releasing the movement at specific time intervals and / or at specific rotation angles.

[0065] It is preferred and advantageous that the mobility of the input element is adjusted depending on the activity of a program running in the background and / or depending on the operating state of the computer's operating system. For example, the mobility can be delayed or held, and in particular blocked, if the program running in the background or the operating system issues a user message, such as a prompt and / or a warning.

[0066] It is also advantageous and preferred that the movement of the input element is adjusted depending on the zoom operation. In particular, a different delay is set for zooming in than for zooming out. For example, zooming in has a longer delay than zooming out, or vice versa. Advantageously, zooming in occurs with a delay along a direction of movement, while zooming out occurs in the opposite direction with a different delay than zooming in. Advantageously, the user receives direct haptic feedback about the zoom operation.

[0067] In a particularly advantageous and preferred embodiment, the input element is used in a design program. It is preferred that the mobility of the input element is set depending on the size and / or priority of a component that is processed and, for example, moved by means of the input device.

[0068] It is possible and advantageous that, when input is entered into at least one input menu with inactive and active input fields, the mobility of the input element is adjusted depending on whether the input field is inactive or active. For example, mobility is blocked or at least partially delayed for inactive input fields.

[0069] It is possible and preferred that the movement of the input element be selectively modified to provide haptic confirmation of a previous input. Such confirmation or feedback can be provided much more quietly and precisely with the invention than, for example, with a mechanically notched mouse. Furthermore, the invention allows for many different confirmations by appropriately adjusting the movement. For example, confirmation can be provided by vibration and / or rattling of the input element.

[0070] In this application, "rattling" is understood to mean, in particular, the alternating blocking and releasing of the input element's movement during input or movement. This blocking and releasing occurs at a high frequency. Vibration may be implemented at a higher frequency than rattling. For example, a frequency of at least 10 Hz, at least 50 Hz, or at least 100 Hz or more is provided. It may also be provided that different types of confirmation are offered depending on the frequency.

[0071] Preferably, in the event of an incorrect, implausible, and / or critical input, the movement of the input element is delayed, held, or, in particular, blocked. Such an input can also be acknowledged with the previously described confirmation, for example, by vibration and / or rattling. Such configurations are particularly advantageous for sensitive inputs or medical devices. This allows dangerous processes, such as critical machine or robot movements, to be prevented or indicated to the user haptically.

[0072] In an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that, after an input, the movement of the input element is delayed or blocked until at least one further user input has been made. This further user input is made, in particular, by means of an input other than the delayed or held, and especially blocked, movement of the input element. For example, pulling or pushing the input element may be provided when its rotation is delayed or held, and especially blocked. It is also possible for the further user input to be made by means of a different input device. This further user input may, for example, involve the confirmation of a particularly important or critical input.

[0073] In a further advantageous and preferred embodiment, the input device is used in gaming (computer games). It is preferred that the mobility of the input element is adjusted depending on a scenario generated by the computer system. Preferably, the greater the force required in the scenario and / or the more difficult the action to be performed in the scenario, the greater the delay in the mobility of the input element. Advantageously, the delay is continuously and in real time influenced depending on the input condition and, in particular, the movement parameter.

[0074] In all embodiments, the mobility and preferably the incremental adjustment of the rotation of the input element can be adapted by at least one user input. Preferably, the adjustment is stored in the computer system and / or in the input device. For example, the normally provided incremental adjustment can be coarsened and / or refined. A maximum delay for the movement can also be set. In particular, such an adjustment can be made specifically for a particular program.

[0075] In a particularly advantageous and preferred embodiment, the input element comprises at least one input wheel. The input wheel is specifically designed as a mouse wheel, particularly of a computer mouse. Input is preferably achieved at least by rotating the input wheel. Preferably, the rotation of the input wheel can be selectively slowed, in particular dampened, and held, and in particular blocked and released, by means of the braking device. Preferably, the input element, in particular the input wheel, also has at least one axial movement capability. For example, pushing and / or pulling the input element, and preferably the input wheel, can be provided.

[0076] In all possible embodiments, it is particularly preferred that the mobility of the input element can be adjusted from freely movable to completely blocked. Within the scope of the present invention, the mobility or rotation is completely blocked when movement or rotation is not possible by a force that can be manually generated during normal use of the input device. In particular, the braking device is suitable and designed to apply a deceleration torque between 0.001 Nm (basic torque without deceleration) and 0.02 Nm (maximum deceleration), especially in mouse wheel applications. Furthermore, in other areas of application, it is also possible to apply deceleration torques of at least up to 0.5 Nm and preferably at least 2 Nm or even at least 3 Nm.The basic torque and the maximum deceleration are advantageously dependent in particular on the design of the input device and the magnetorheological braking system.

[0077] It is preferred that the mobility of the input element, and in particular the rotatability of the input wheel, can be switched between freely rotatable and fixed, and in particular blocked, at a frequency of at least 10 Hz and preferably at least 50 Hz. A frequency of at least 20 Hz, at least 30 Hz, or at least 40 Hz is also possible. A frequency of at least 60 Hz, at least 80 Hz, at least 100 Hz, or approximately 1 kHz or an even higher frequency may also be provided. Frequencies of at least 120 Hz, at least 200 Hz, or more are also possible.

[0078] For the rotation of the input wheel, at least 50 stop points, and preferably at least 100 stop points, can be set for each revolution. At least 150, 200, 250, or 300 stop points are also possible. At least 350 or 400 stop points can also be provided. The minimum adjustable rotation angle between two stop points is, in particular, a maximum of 10°, preferably a maximum of 5°, and most preferably a maximum of 2°. The minimum adjustable rotation angle between two stop points can also be a maximum of 1°, 0.5°, or 0.1°.

[0079] Preferably, the number of detents is set depending on a number of provided input options. For example, the number of detents is set depending on selection options, menu options, and / or a number of pages or tabs, or the like. A detents are provided, in particular, by selectively delaying and, in particular, blocking the rotation of the input wheel, at least temporarily, and then releasing it again.

[0080] In at least one advantageous embodiment, a vibration, specifically a ripple (vibration), is generated as a warning signal by the magnetorheological braking device at a frequency exceeding 100 Hz, thus producing a haptic sensation and a perceptible tone. The current flow and / or voltage alternate between a positive (maximum) value, a zero value, and a negative (maximum) value. Advantageously, the frequency of the warning signal can be between 50 Hz and 2 kHz, or even higher, up to 20 kHz. The current flow in the magnetorheological braking device is reversed, particularly periodically, causing the braking device to vibrate and transmit the warning to the user. Furthermore, at such a high frequency, the braking device also generates an audible tone signal.It can be advantageous to apply the alternating current and / or voltage signal not symmetrically around the zero point, but with an offset. This particularly alters the user's perception. Specifically, audible frequencies are emitted by the braking device. When the input element is moved, the vibration can be perceived, for example, by a finger and / or the user's hand. A vibration generated by the braking device is transmitted from a support body of the input element or the braking device to, for example, at least one housing of the input device, which is designed, for example, as a computer mouse. In this way, a vibration that is acoustically perceptible, preferably to a human, can be generated.

[0081] In practice, it is possible to generate a sound using the input element. The sound, or the acoustically perceptible vibration, can originate not only from the braking mechanism itself, but also from the vibration of the casing and many, nearly all, or all parts of the mouse.

[0082] In one specific design, the vibration from the mouse wheel or brake mounting is transmitted to the mouse housing. The resulting vibration of the mouse body produces the acoustic sound.

[0083] In the case of ripple, the movement of the input element may be blocked, at least partially. Furthermore, the movement of the input element may also be partially delayed and / or partially held in place. In particular, interference with other signals from the braking system is possible.

[0084] Preferably, voltages for operating the magnetorheological braking device are generated by a random number generator, causing a torque and, in particular, a magnetic field strength to rapidly fluctuate between different intensities. This allows the movement of the input element to be adjusted as if, for example, sand were present at or in a bearing, or if a bearing were severely worn. The voltage and current range of the random number generator can be varied. Particularly within a narrow range, the movement of the input element can then feel as if bearing friction is increased.

[0085] It is possible and advantageous to reduce the rotation angle between the stop points when scrolling and / or page turning is faster. It is also possible to increase the rotation angle between the stop points when scrolling and / or page turning is slower. The reverse configuration is also possible.

[0086] In particular, the rotation angle of the input wheel is monitored by means of a sensor device. The sensor device is particularly suitable and designed to detect the rotation angle with a resolution of at least 1°, and preferably at least 0.5°, and especially preferably at least 0.2°, or even more preferably at least 0.1° or better.

[0087] In all embodiments, it is particularly preferred that the mobility of the input element can be adjusted in real time. In particular, the braking device is suitable and designed to change the deceleration by at least 30% within less than 100 milliseconds.

[0088] In particular, the delay can be varied by at least 10%, preferably by at least 30%, and most preferably by at least 50%, within less than 10 milliseconds. The delay can also be varied by at least 100% or 500%, or by a factor of ten or a thousand, within less than 100 milliseconds. Such real-time control is particularly advantageous for working with the input device.

[0089] It is possible for the input condition to be dynamically adjusted depending on the input. This allows the mobility of the input element to be adapted to the input input according to the principle of feedback and, in particular, control. Such a mutual dependency between input and input condition results in a particularly advantageous adjustment of the rotation and thus a particularly intuitive operation of the input device.

[0090] It is possible and preferred that the control of the input element's movement is designed to be adaptive. In particular, at least one machine learning algorithm is implemented for this purpose. For example, a user's input habits while operating a program are recognized and stored in a memory. Frequently used buttons, menu items, or similar elements can be identified and stored. This allows the user to be supported by targeted control of the input element's movement when using the program again.

[0091] The braking device comprises, in particular, at least one field-sensitive magnetorheological medium and at least one field-generating device for generating and controlling a field strength. The field-generating device and the medium specifically influence the mobility of the input element.

[0092] The input device according to the invention is particularly suitable for carrying out at least one of the methods described above. The input device according to the invention also solves the problem stated above particularly advantageously. In particular, the input device has the necessary devices for carrying out the method. Specifically, the input device has at least those devices that were presented in the description of the method according to the invention. In particular, the input device is suitable and configured to implement the method described above by means of an algorithm stored in the input device and / or in the computer system.

[0093] A braking device particularly advantageous for use with the invention is also described in patent application DE 10 2017 111 031 A1. The entire disclosure of DE 10 2017 111 031 A1 hereby becomes part of the disclosure content of the present application.

[0094] The braking device comprises, in particular, at least one wedge bearing and at least one coil arranged axially to the axis of rotation. This eliminates the need to position the coil next to the rollers of the wedge bearing, thereby reducing axial expansion even with longer rollers. The input wheel is arranged, in particular, radially around the wedge bearing.

[0095] The inventive method and input device are suitable for many applications, some of which are illustrated below by way of example: For instance, an intelligent reading mode in conjunction with at least one computer is conceivable. In this mode, for example, by actuating the input element, the image is zoomed to a legible size and then, particularly when rotating, always in the same way as a person would read a passage of text.

[0096] This means that the zoom jumps back to the beginning at the end of the sentence, and so on. The text always remains at the same height and preferably within the same reading area, so that the eye does not have to jump back and forth.

[0097] Furthermore, the method and the input device are particularly suitable for accepting and rejecting calls via mobile phones and / or haptic phone cases. Specifically, a call can be accepted or rejected depending on the direction of rotation of an input element with a detent. When rejecting a call, it is preferably possible to scroll through various messages on the input element, which are then sent to the caller, particularly upon activation.

[0098] Furthermore, it is conceivable to use the method and the input device for people with visual impairments and especially blind people, who receive appropriate feedback, particularly in the form of a haptic Morse code, through the input device and preferably through the input element, which advantageously serves as an aid.

[0099] Furthermore, it is conceivable to use the inventive method and the input device in a thumb roller. The braking device of the thumb roller can advantageously be designed as a horizontal wedge bearing. The design is particularly narrow.

[0100] Advantageously, the rolling elements in this case are designed as cylindrical rollers. The rollers have a small diameter (e.g., 1 mm) and advantageously a larger axial dimension (e.g., 5 mm). A magnetic coil can be designed either essentially horizontally (wound in the axial direction) or essentially radially (coil wound around the axis).

[0101] As with other actuators for haptic feedback, the thumb roller preferably requires at least one sensor, which advantageously measures at least one rotational movement. For this purpose, at least one rotary encoder or, more advantageously, a magnetic ring with a Hall sensor can be used. In principle, the same haptic feedback can be advantageously implemented with the thumb roller as with other input devices, which can be designed, in particular, as a rotary knob with at least one wedge bearing. Due to the advantageously small installation space, preferably not such high torques can be generated. Experience has shown that this can be dispensed with, especially with a small diameter, or high torques can be of secondary importance.

[0102] The thumbwheel can also advantageously have a push function (press and hold), where the thumbwheel is pressed. This can be used in particular to confirm a function and / or to switch (on / off) and / or especially as a return function. Advantageously, any other function can also be defined by the customer, such as answering or ending a call.

[0103] An input device, advantageously designed as a thumbwheel, can also be used, for example, as a mechanical on / off switch (rotation), and / or preferably also for lifting the smartphone or placing it on a surface. In this case, the method and the input device can achieve increased operational reliability with regard to incorrect operation compared to a slider or software switch.

[0104] Furthermore, applications are conceivable where haptic feedback from an input device functioning as a mouse (or from a program) increases working speed and / or helps to avoid errors. This can be particularly advantageous with long lists, such as in spreadsheet programs (e.g., Excel) and / or word processing programs (e.g., Word). There are many different beneficial use cases here (individual use cases can be implemented individually or in any combination): A scroll wheel as a control element pauses briefly at frequently used points, such as important data, totals, the end of lists or chapters, headings, red-highlighted (especially misspelled) words in Word, and / or the end of files. When using a search function, the cursor conveniently jumps to the next search result while scrolling with an input field. This significantly speeds up searching for data in large lists and files. A mouse wheel also pauses when scrolling over cells that contain a function (e.g., programmed cells). This prevents accidentally deleting programmed cells and replacing them with numbers. Furthermore, this feature can be advantageous for formatted cells. The pointer jumps to cells with the same formatting and / or conveniently stops on cells with specific formatting.Especially when scrolling slowly, at least one control element is used to advance only a small portion of the file, while faster scrolling advances more. This can be indicated by a larger grid when the mouse wheel is rotated. Particularly when scrolling through Excel lists, the grid points can be set at a fixed (adjustable) cell spacing to provide a useful sense of the list's length. Specifically, a pre-programmed "stop" or end point can be set for scrolling through an Excel list at totals or other important results. The grid spacing changes depending on the position within the file, thus facilitating navigation. For example, the grid spacing can be adjusted near specific positions (new section, heading, totals, end, etc.).A small or mouse wheel-shaped input element, in particular, is harder to turn, indicating, for example, that the user is approaching a specific area. This allows the user to know they are approaching the area even before reaching it, rather than waiting until they actually touch it. This is especially beneficial for people with visual impairments. When multiple people are working on the same file (e.g., in Word), haptic feedback can help prevent errors, as changes are less likely to be overlooked. For example, a mouse wheel stops turning when another user scrolls through the file. In the Start menu of programs, especially system programs, the most frequently used programs are displayed as tiles at the top.The adaptive mouse wheel allows for stronger braking, especially in these programs.

[0105] Furthermore, many potential advantages arise from an input device designed as a mouse, especially with bidirectional communication: Error messages can be displayed haptically (for example, through any type of feedback, such as vibration). Events can also be displayed, such as incoming emails. In particular, when entering information into a computer system, such as clicking a button or link, the user receives valuable feedback. This prevents the need to open a program multiple times, especially if it doesn't open immediately or, for example, when sending an email. Furthermore, the mouse can also be advantageously used as a learning aid for new programs, tutorials, and computers in general: A user receives at least some haptic feedback when something is done correctly or incorrectly in the tutorial. This makes it easier to get started with new programs. A user may learn more easily if they receive feedback in some form. It is also conceivable that a mouse, as an input device, could learn itself: The software would then memorize the movement patterns of the input element and use these to derive control structures and commands (artificial intelligence).

[0106] Furthermore, the following applications are particularly conceivable in computer games / gaming applications: User habits can be supported, which is advantageous when searching, especially through a "stop" function for frequently used buttons, links, etc. Furthermore, it is conceivable to include at least a vibration as an additional haptic response.

[0107] Furthermore, advantages of bidirectional communication in CAD programs are also possible and conceivable: In particular, easier catching through haptic feedback, especially when reaching a contour, etc. An advantageous error indication for unauthorized constructions, e.g., when surfaces or contours intersect, or a hole goes too deep. When adjusting values, it is advantageous for the scroll wheel to stop when reaching minimum, maximum, or invalid values, etc. When zooming, the resistance is advantageously different when zooming in and out. In particular, the input device can be designed with haptic feedback to aid learning. When moving large objects with a mouse, joystick, etc., more resistance is encountered. The scroll wheel is advantageously slowed down, or the mouse's resistance on the surface is increased (e.g., by at least one ball on the underside, as with a Databot mouse). This allows the user to feel the size of objects more effectively.

[0108] Furthermore, many additional advantages are conceivable when gaming or playing computer games: The resistance of the mouse wheel / joystick changes depending on the game situation. For example, resistance increases when driving large vehicles. The devices can be adapted to real-world systems (e.g., an aircraft joystick in a flight simulator: different aircraft types have different resistances in the input device, especially the joystick). Additional feedback from the system through vibrations (ripples) is also possible. In football games, the resistance of the controls increases when a user is in possession of the ball. In agricultural simulations, the controls change depending on the surface, e.g., dirt, asphalt, sand, etc. In racing games, it may be possible to play with a steering wheel that provides at least one haptic feedback input device. This could include, for example, a haptic thumbwheel on the steering wheel.Changing radio stations should be taken into account. The controls can also be adapted depending on the surface. This is particularly relevant when using a steering wheel. In particular, gear changes using an input device are conceivable, which includes at least the movement of a thumbwheel and / or a scroll wheel. Use as a learning program for driving schools is particularly possible and conceivable. A disadvantage for good gamers: Good players will receive a more difficult input device, which is at least a mouse and / or an input device attached to the mouse. The haptic feedback works against the player, putting them at a disadvantage compared to less skilled players. This allows the skill levels of different players to be advantageously matched.

[0109] Furthermore, the method and input device can also be used advantageously for automobiles, particularly in the form of a thumb roller on the steering wheel or preferably a rotary push-button controller, which may also be associated with the following advantages: The haptic thumbwheel is particularly useful for changing radio stations and / or adjusting the volume. The input device can also be used to set a clock, including mechanical watches with a rotary push-button (similar to the crown on mechanical wristwatches), for example, with slight detents for each minute, stronger resistance at five minutes, and more at ten, 15, 30, and 60 minutes. Furthermore, intuitive operation is possible to simplify the user experience. For example, when a call comes in, the thumbwheel can be used to answer or reject the call. Turning it up answers the call, turning it down hangs up, and vice versa. This can be indicated, for example, by LEDs ("green" - answer: "up"; "red" - reject: "down").Once the user has answered a call, the volume can be conveniently adjusted during the conversation, ideally using the same thumbwheel. Operation should be as simple and intuitive as possible. This can be achieved through the use of customizable displays, such as OLED displays or, more specifically, color-coded LEDs (red and green being the familiar colors for on / off, etc.). Furthermore, gear changes, driving mode selection, and cruise control (ACC) settings can be performed using a haptic input device, such as a rotary knob or thumbwheel. The input device can also be used for faster phonebook searches: the thumbwheel can be used to scroll through the phonebook.For example, when reaching a new or sought-after letter, especially an initial letter, a user can advantageously experience a brief resistance. This can be beneficial because, for instance, voice control often doesn't immediately understand the correct name. Similarly, gesture control or the use of a touchpad and touchscreen can often lead to the wrong letter. The thumbwheel allows for precise and accurate searching of the correct name. With additional haptic feedback, the search is particularly easy and faster. This can be especially advantageous in vehicles, minimizing driver distraction from the road.

[0110] Furthermore, the following general advantages can also be realized as possibilities:A scroll wheel is particularly difficult to turn at the end of pages (advantageously stopping), for example, especially at the end of the view, advantageously at a zoom maximum / minimum, especially at the end of lists, etc. It is particularly advantageous to lock it when accessing restricted pages, e.g., as parental controls on the internet. The scroll wheel's increments can be switched on and off, and preferably at least one increment strength can be changed simultaneously. In particular, the user can advantageously set one increment spacing as desired. It is conceivable that folder and file sizes can be advantageously indicated, at least by resistance when scrolling. Particularly when scrolling through folders, the resistance can advantageously be greater for large folders and / or, especially for small folders and individual files, advantageously less than, for example, a reference and / or preferably a preset default value.For visually impaired individuals, at least haptic feedback can be a significant advantage (especially if the mouse pointer is difficult to see, for example, because it is too small). The mouse wheel could, for instance, ideally change its scrolling behavior when the cursor approaches a desired (favorite) point (or fixed points at constant intervals, etc.). In entertainment media, it might be beneficial for the mouse wheel to stop automatically when fast-forwarding and rewinding films, songs, etc., for example, every five minutes, at the beginning of each new scene, at the start of the next song, and / or in playlists for frequently played tracks. The resistance could also change when adjusting the volume. At volume "0," i.e., no volume at all, at least one input device would stop, particularly if, for example, the volume level becomes too high.If there is at least a risk of hearing damage, the mouse wheel should be made more difficult to turn. The same applies, for example, to screen brightness. With a preferred screen brightness, a brief resistance or delay of the control element by the braking device can advantageously stop and / or delay at least one movement. Alternatively, a haptic scroll wheel can be advantageously arranged, at least on the keyboard, to allow for quick scrolling through pages and documents, etc., without having to take the hand off the keyboard. It can be advantageously designed as a rotary knob, a scroll wheel, and / or a thumbwheel. These input devices are advantageously controlled, for example, by a wedge bearing with an axial coil, or advantageously by the classic wedge bearing, which has a radial coil.For example, the input device can also be advantageously used for switching between apps, and especially for "switching through" them. Higher resistance may be present, particularly in preferred apps. Entering musical notes into notation programs can be greatly simplified: for example, an input wheel can click at each staff line. The resistance is particularly high for low notes and decreases advantageously for higher notes. This allows the user to feel the pitch on the mouse wheel and knows their position on the staff. In drawing programs: the resistance of a movable input device changes advantageously, especially when settings are adjusted: for example, increasing the line thickness with the mouse wheel increases the resistance of at least one of the mouse wheels.Or, particularly when zooming, the resistance is advantageously greater when enlarging a view than when shrinking it. When searching the internet, for example via a search engine, scrolling can become progressively harder the further one moves away from the original search query. This provides at least a tactile feedback, for instance, when one is primarily encountering unlikely search results. In programming, it can be particularly advantageous for a grid to adapt to a specific syntax, i.e., to a programming language. For example, it can pause at the beginning and / or end of a loop, or it can provide a brief resistance.Advantageously, for example, in email programs, at least one mouse wheel can stop, particularly for unopened emails, emails with attachments, emails that have been replied to, and / or emails with higher priority, etc. Advantageously, different modes can be programmable so that each user can implement their own ideas. For example, a simple app can be implemented to customize individual haptic feedback. In particular, the mouse wheel resistance can be adjusted by pressing the mouse wheel: for example, when a mouse wheel is pressed, a menu is advantageously displayed to allow, for example, the adjustment of the resistance. A scroll wheel according to the invention can also be advantageously used on mobile phones or other mobile devices. For example,The volume on the phone can be changed without having to look at the touchscreen. Furthermore, use with game consoles is conceivable.

[0111] The invention enables the provision of a virtual freewheel or a simulated freewheel state via internal or external software or via a control programmed into or included in the input device.

[0112] The freewheeling state can be controlled within the input device. The freewheeling state can also be controlled outside the input device. In particular, the freewheeling state can be controlled in an associated computer.

[0113] In the context of a computer mouse, "free-spinning" generally means that the scroll wheel continues to rotate without any external force after being set in motion (by a finger). The finger is removed from the scroll wheel and placed back on it when the free-spinning action is to stop. Such "true" free-spinning requires a certain amount of energy input and smooth rotation of the scroll wheel, resulting in low friction.

[0114] With true freewheeling or simulated freewheeling, you can scroll quickly through a (very) long list / document. In true freewheeling mode, a heavy mouse wheel (e.g., made of metal) results in a longer period of true freewheeling.

[0115] Due to internal friction, mouse wheels that can be controlled and braked cannot be set into free rotation for very long, even with relatively high energy input (through a quick finger movement - a quick push / swing).

[0116] A magnetorheological brake can achieve a freewheeling state for several revolutions at low or reduced base friction. This simplifies the implementation of a simulated freewheeling condition.

[0117] The free-spinning state is primarily simulated by the software and is not a "real" (physical) free spin. For example, the user spins the mouse wheel, and the software interprets this as continuous spinning / scrolling until the user touches the mouse wheel again, thus stopping the (virtual) free spin, even though in reality the mouse wheel may already be stationary.

[0118] Activation of the simulated freewheeling state can be achieved in particular via: by activation via a button or switch, or by exceeding a certain (rotational) speed / angular velocity, i.e., for example, beyond a threshold value, or by exceeding a certain acceleration, or the system recognizes this independently (artificial intelligence; machine learning), or by a gesture, for example, if a camera is looking at the user, or by an acoustic command from the user, or by a swipe gesture from the user on, for example, a touchpad, or by a keyboard command, or a menu entry, or by an automatic start command.

[0119] An input device that can be actively braked will then switch to idle mode or to the smallest possible damping, so that the input element (such as a mouse wheel) experiences only minimal braking (basic friction).

[0120] For example, if the user rotates a mouse wheel, the maximum speed achieved (simulated in the output) is maintained or slowly reduced in software, possibly via a defined or adjustable reduction curve.

[0121] The simulated free-running state is ended, in particular, when the user touches the input element (e.g., the mouse wheel) again. The touch can be detected, for example, via: The signal from the rotary encoder (the acceleration at the rotary angle sensor; change in the angle of the mouse wheel) Optical (camera, environmental sensors) Capacitive.

[0122] The sensor or its encoder is so high-resolution that even the slightest movement can be measured. The user doesn't even notice that they are rotating the mouse wheel by a small angle when they (re)place their finger on it. Tiny movements caused by vibrations from other sources must be filtered out.

[0123] The use of magnetorheological braking devices in input devices offers the advantage that the sensor unit usually has a sufficiently high resolution, especially when ticks (ripples) are to be generated adaptively. A reversal of direction, e.g., of the mouse wheel, is not necessary to stop the free-running state.

[0124] The user's finger must be regularly lifted from the mouse wheel to activate or maintain free-spinning mode. However, this is also true for "real" free-spinning mode, as the finger should not remain on the wheel during this mode, since it would otherwise slow the mouse down.

[0125] For example, if the user quickly spins the mouse wheel of an operating device and the damping force of an actively braked mouse wheel is set to minimum, the user usually does not notice that the mouse wheel is being slowed down by friction unless they keep their finger on it or constantly look at the mouse wheel.

[0126] Initial tests with a registered input device worked well. The optical or acoustic feedback to the user (even if not necessary in the standard use case) can possibly be additionally simulated by the integrated LEDs in the computer mice, thus feigning a mechanical rotation ("fade" between, for example, two LEDs or in a similar way).

[0127] A virtual and simulated freewheeling state is also useful in other applications, not only for mouse wheels, but also for rotary / push buttons, haptic buttons, side mouse wheels, thumb rollers e.g. in the steering wheel of a car or a thumb roller in a smartphone case or on a thumb roller on a smartphone.

[0128] In a preferred embodiment, the input device or operating unit comprises a control unit which is suitable and configured to brake the rotational movement of the control element by means of, in particular, a magnetorheological braking device, depending on the operating state of a motor vehicle. Preferably, the operating state comprises at least one driving mode and at least one stationary mode. The stationary mode particularly includes at least one charging mode for a traction battery of a vehicle that is at least partially electrically powered.

[0129] In particular, the control unit is suitable and designed to automatically select, set, or suggest a functional level, depending on the operating state and preferably using a machine learning algorithm, which can be operated via the control unit. In particular, the functional level includes at least one entertainment function. The entertainment function is selected depending on the stationary operation. In particular, the functional level includes at least one driver assistance function. The driver assistance function is selected depending on the driving operation.

[0130] It is preferred and advantageous that the control unit is suitable and configured to automatically block and / or not suggest a functional level depending on the operating state, preferably using a machine learning algorithm. In particular, depending on the driving operation, those functional levels that are likely to distract the driver and / or that are legally prohibited while driving are specifically blocked and / or not suggested. Specifically, it is possible to store in the control unit which functional levels should be blocked and / or not suggested.

[0131] Such advanced training can be implemented purely as follows (individual features can be used individually or in any combination): Electric / hybrid vehicles require more time to refuel (charge) than combustion engine vehicles. Depending on the charging infrastructure and battery size, this can take several hours. Even at fast-charging stations (800 volts), charging takes noticeably longer than refueling with fossil fuels. A motor vehicle is equipped with many control elements, at least some of which are designed like the control unit described here. During the charging process (stationary operation), the adaptive (magnetorheological) control elements in the vehicle are activated haptically so that the driver can use them to pass the time or work (adjusting entertainment functions). The car, including the control elements, then becomes an office or a gaming station. For example, a rotary dial or...The thumbwheel control unit in the steering wheel or center console can be used as a computer mouse wheel; the head-up display, instrument cluster display, or other (touch) displays can be used as a display unit; the lighting can be used to create effects; and voice input can be used to dictate text, for example. Even a multi-function seat (with its massage function) or the chassis can be integrated (e.g., the air suspension of a car or truck) to more realistically recreate certain game conditions. The turn signal lever, gearshift lever, paddle shifters / pedals can be used as control elements in games; the (by-wire) pedals can be used to control a car in a gaming game (e.g., Need for Speed...); and the steering wheel, especially in cars with steer-by-wire, or all of these together can be used as flight simulator controls / games. For this, the haptic feedback (force feedback) must be...The force applied via displacement or the torque applied via angle can be variably adjusted and adapted according to requirements (especially by the control unit that selectively controls the braking system). The haptic feedback of the thumbwheel on the steering wheel is enhanced so that, for example, scrolling through pages is easier in conjunction with an office application (PC), and a brief increase in force is felt on the user's finger when a page breaks. The input wheel becomes harder to turn (stops) at the end of pages, at the end of the view, at maximum / minimum zoom, at the end of lists, etc. It is locked when accessing restricted websites (e.g., as parental controls on the internet). The input wheel's detents can be switched on and off, and the detents can be adjusted. The detents can be set as desired by the user. File folder and file sizes are indicated by increased resistance when scrolling.When scrolling through folders, the resistance is greater for large folders and less for small folders and individual files. The thumbwheel, which transforms into a mouse wheel, can change its scrolling behavior as the cursor approaches a desired (favorite) point (or fixed points at constant intervals, etc.). If the mouse wheel is used for gaming, the torque should generally be reduced (e.g., < 1 mNm), because the adaptive scroll wheel is used for much longer periods than for adjusting a menu while driving, and is therefore more strenuous. When driving, the controls should be slightly stiffer (higher torque or force; e.g., 2 mNm) because the vehicle is subject to vibrations and driving is a dynamic process (external forces are acting upon it). This ensures reliable user input. Using the controls while stationary or...Charging the battery is a static process in which the control element is used for a long time and intensively, but in a quiet environment. Excessive force or torque can lead to faster fatigue of the input elements (fingers, hand, foot) and, with very intensive input, sometimes to inflammation (e.g., tendonitis). Furthermore, in games or office applications, the torque must be varied more precisely and in multiple stages (more diverse) with different haptic curves than when operating the car. The modes are programmable, especially when used as a non-driving-specific control element, allowing each user to implement their own ideas. A simple app for customizing individual haptic feedback can be implemented for this purpose. The haptic feedback in the vehicle can also be replicated from a home game console or office PC (e.g., settings are saved and applied in the cloud).However, the haptic feedback should revert to a standard mode for driving-specific inputs, ensuring the driver receives reproducible feedback for driving events, especially safety-relevant ones (e.g., cruise control, distance control, accelerator, brake). This is also beneficial for rear passengers. There, the adaptive rotary controls for the ventilation or the climate control inputs can be used as haptic input devices for games. For example, children can use the existing controls for multiple purposes while the battery is charging or even while driving, thus passing the time. The vehicle can also be used in the garage as a "game simulator" or "driving school simulator"—not just while charging. Such designs can also be implemented for other vehicles such as trucks, off-highway vehicles, motorcycles, snow groomers, airplanes, bicycles, and more., i.e. vehicles which have controls that can be adaptively adjusted.

[0132] The applicant reserves the right to claim an input device that is suitable and designed to be operated according to the procedure described herein.

[0133] Further advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the description of the exemplary embodiments, which are explained below with reference to the accompanying figures.

[0134] The figures show: Fig. 1a-1: free schematic three-dimensional views of input devices according to the invention; Fig. 2a: a purely schematic representation of a braking device in a sectional side view; Fig. 2: a purely schematic representation of the movement speed of an input element and the derived signal over time; Fig. 3a: a purely schematic perspective view and a top view of a braking device for a mouse wheel as an input element of a computer mouse according to the invention as an input device; Fig. 4: a purely schematic representation of a haptic mode with a detent of the movement range by the magnetorheological braking device and a direction-dependent free play; Fig. 5: a purely schematic representation of a further haptic mode with a blocked position of the movement of the input element by the magnetorheological braking device when input is made by pressing the input element; Fig.6. A purely schematic representation of a haptic mode with speed-dependent rasterization within the movement range of the input element by the magnetorheological braking device; Fig. 7. A purely schematic representation of a haptic mode with rasterization within the movement range of the input element, in which individual raster points are skipped; Figs. 8, 9. A purely schematic representation of a haptic mode with a high-frequency warning signal and a random current waveform for controlling the movement of the input element; and Fig. 10. A purely schematic representation of a user interface with a profile for controlling the movement of an input element of an input device, which includes a multitude of variable input conditions.

[0135] In the Figures 1a to 1fInput devices 800 according to the invention are shown, which are equipped with magnetorheological braking devices 1 and are operated according to the method of the invention. The input devices 800 here have input elements 802 designed as input wheels 803.

[0136] Figure 1a shows an input device 800 designed as a control knob 806. Figure 1b shows an input device 800 designed as a thumb roller 807. Figures 1c and 1d The figures show an input device 800 designed as a computer mouse 801. The input wheel 803 is designed here as a mouse wheel 804. Figure 1e shows an input device 800 designed as a joystick 805. Figure 1f shows an input device 800 designed as a Gamepad 808. In Figure 1e Additionally, a linear movement 826 and a swivel movement 827 are indicated.

[0137] Figure 2aFigure 1 shows a braking device 1 of an input device 800 according to the invention, with a rotating body 3 as an input element 802 for setting inputs. Operation is therefore carried out at least by rotating the rotating body 3.

[0138] The rotating body 3 is rotatably mounted on an axle unit 2 by means of a bearing assembly 22 (not shown in detail here). The rotating body 3 can also be rotatably mounted on an axle unit 2 by means of a wedge bearing assembly 6, designed here as a rolling bearing. Preferably, however, the wedge bearing assembly 6 is not provided, or only partially provided, for mounting the rotating body 3 on the axle unit, but instead serves for the braking device 4 described below. In this case, the rolling elements serve as brake elements 44.

[0139] The axle unit 2 can be mounted on an object to be operated, for example, in the interior of a motor vehicle, on a medical device, or on a smart device. For this purpose, the axle unit 2 may include mounting means not shown in detail here.

[0140] It may be provided here or in the following embodiments that the rotating body 3 is also displaceable in the longitudinal direction or along the axis of rotation on the axis unit 2. Operation is then effected by turning, as well as by pushing and / or pulling or sliding the rotary knob 3.

[0141] The rotating body 3 is designed here in a sleeve-like form and comprises a cylindrical wall and an end wall integrally connected to it. The axle unit 2 protrudes from an open end face of the rotating body 3.

[0142] The finger roller 23 can be equipped with an additional part 33, indicated here by a dashed line. This increases the diameter, thus facilitating rotation, for example in a finger-rotatable wheel of a computer mouse or game controller, or a rotary wheel on a computer keyboard thumbwheel.

[0143] The rotational movement of the rotary knob 3 is dampened by a magnetorheological braking device 4 located in a receiving chamber 13 inside the rotary knob 3. The braking device 4 generates a magnetic field with a coil unit 24, which acts on a magnetorheological medium 34 located in the receiving chamber 13. This leads to a local and strong networking of magnetically polarizable particles in the medium 34. The braking device 4 thus enables targeted deceleration and even complete blocking of the rotational movement. In this way, the braking device 4 can provide haptic feedback during the rotation of the rotary body 3, for example, through perceptible detents or dynamically adjustable stops.

[0144] The medium here is a magnetorheological fluid, which, for example, comprises an oil containing ferromagnetic particles 19 as a carrier fluid. Glycol, grease, silicone, water, wax, and viscous or low-viscosity substances can also be used as carrier media, without being limited to these. The carrier medium can also be gaseous and / or a gas mixture (e.g., air or ambient air), or a carrier medium can be omitted entirely (vacuum, nitrogen, or air and, for example, ambient air). In this case, only particles that can be influenced by the magnetic field (e.g., carbonyl iron) are placed in the receiving space or effective gap. Mixing with other particles—preferably with lubricating properties—such as graphite, molybdenum, plastic particles, or polymeric materials is possible. A combination of the aforementioned materials is also possible (e.g., carbonyl iron powder mixed with graphite and air as the carrier medium).For example, BASF's CIP ER powder, which has a minimum iron content of 97%, no coating, and an average particle size of 5.1 µm, can be used as a carbonyl iron powder without a (liquid) carrier medium. Alternatively, BASF's CIP SQ-R powder, with a minimum iron content of 98.5%, an average particle size of 4.5 µm, and a SiO2 coating, can be used. The various powders differ in particle size distribution, coating, particle shape, etc.

[0145] The ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic particles 19 are preferably carbonyl iron powders with spherical microparticles, the size distribution and shape of the particles depending on the specific application. A particle size distribution between one and twenty micrometers is particularly preferred, although smaller (< 1 micrometer) to very small (a few nanometers, typically 5 to 10 nanometers) or larger particles of twenty, thirty, forty, and fifty micrometers are also possible. Depending on the application, the particle size can also be significantly larger and even reach the millimeter range (particle spheres). The particles can also have a special coating / jacket (titanium coating, ceramic, carbon, polymer coating, etc.) to better withstand or stabilize the high pressure loads that occur in some applications. The particles can also have a coating to prevent corrosion or electrical conductivity.For this application, magnetorheological particles can be produced not only from carbonyl iron powder (pure iron; iron pentacarbonyl), but also, for example, from special iron (harder steel) or other special materials (magnetite, cobalt, etc.), or a combination thereof. Superparamagnetic particles with low hysteresis are also possible and advantageous.

[0146] For the supply and control of the coil unit 24, the brake device 4 includes an electrical connection 14, which is designed, for example, as a printed circuit board or cable. The connecting cable 11 extends through a bore 12 running longitudinally along the axle unit 2.

[0147] The receiving chamber 13 is sealed to the outside by a sealing device 7 and a sealing unit 17 to prevent the medium 34 from escaping. The sealing device 7 closes the open end face of the rotating body 3. For this purpose, a first sealing element 27 rests against the inside of the rotating body 3. A second sealing element 37 rests against the axle unit 3. The sealing elements 27 and 37 are attached to a support structure designed as a wall 8.

[0148] The sealing unit 17 is designed here as an O-ring and surrounds the axle unit 3 radially. The sealing unit 17 rests against the axle unit 2 and the rotating body 3. This seals the part of the receiving chamber 13 filled with the medium 34 from another part of the receiving chamber 13.

[0149] It is also possible to see how the lower half of Figure 2a shows that, for example, instead of a contacting seal 7 (upper half of Figure 2a) a labyrinth seal 7a is used. This is particularly advantageous when a powdered magnetorheological medium is used instead of a liquid magnetorheological medium with a carrier fluid. In this case, a simple, and especially multiple, deflection of a thin sealing gap is usually sufficient for adequate sealing. With a dry, powdered magnetorheological medium, the base friction can be reduced and a very low base friction achieved, so that a residual rotation of the input element, such as a mouse wheel, after release is possible. This simplifies the simulation of a free-running condition.

[0150] To monitor the rotational position of the rotating body 3 and to be able to use it for controlling the braking device 4, a sensor device 5 is provided here. The sensor device 5 comprises a magnetic ring unit 15 and a magnetic field sensor 25.

[0151] The magnetic ring unit 15 is diametrically polarized and has a north pole and a south pole. The magnetic field sensor 25, designed here as a Hall sensor, measures the magnetic field emanating from the magnetic ring unit 15 and thus enables a reliable determination of the rotation angle.

[0152] Furthermore, the magnetic field sensor 25 is preferably designed in three dimensions, so that in addition to rotation, an axial displacement of the rotating body 3 relative to the axis unit 2 can also be measured. This allows both rotation and a push-button function, or pressing and locking 816 (push / pull), to be measured simultaneously with the same sensor 25. The braking device 1 can also be equipped, for example, with only a rotation function and / or a push function.

[0153] The sensor assembly 5 is particularly advantageously integrated into the brake assembly 1. For this purpose, the sensor 25 is inserted into the bore 12 of the axle unit 2. The magnetic ring unit 15 surrounds the sensor 25 radially and is attached to the rotating body 3. This has the advantage that only precisely manufactured diameter tolerances, rather than length tolerances, come into play. The radial bearing clearance between the rotating body 3 and the stationary axle unit 2 is correspondingly small and easily manageable even in series production.

[0154] Another advantage is that axial movements or displacements between rotating body 3 and axis unit 2 do not adversely affect the sensor signal, since measurements are taken in the radial direction and the radial distance is essentially decisive for the quality of the measurement signal.

[0155] Another advantage is that the arrangement shown here is particularly insensitive to contamination and liquids, since the sensor is located inside. Furthermore, the sensor 25 in bore 12 can, for example, be overmolded with plastic.

[0156] The braking device 1 is equipped with a shielding device 9 for shielding the sensor device 5 from the magnetic field of the coil unit 24 of the braking device 4. The braking device 1 shown here differs from the previously described braking devices 1 not only in the shielding device 9, but also, in particular, in the design of the rotating body 3 and the additional part 33. The braking device shown here is, for example, a mouse wheel 804 of a computer mouse 801.

[0157] The rotating body 3 is designed here as a cylindrical sleeve and is completely surrounded on its outer surface by the additional part 33. The additional part 33 closes off the rotating body at the radial end face that faces away from the magnetic ring unit 15.

[0158] The additional part 33 has a radially circumferential projection with a significantly increased diameter. This makes the braking device 1 shown here particularly suitable as a mouse wheel 804 of a computer mouse 801 or the like. The projection is designed with a groove in which a particularly grippy material, e.g., rubber, is embedded.

[0159] The braking device 1 shown here has two spaced-apart wedge bearing assemblies 6. Each wedge bearing assembly 6 is equipped with several brake elements 44 arranged radially around the axle unit 2. The coil unit 24 is arranged between the wedge bearing assemblies 6. The brake elements 44 are, for example, rolling elements that roll on the inside of the rotating body 3 or the outside of the axle unit 2.

[0160] The magnetic ring unit 15 is rotationally fixed to the rotating body 3, so that the magnetic ring unit 15 rotates with the rotating body 3. The magnetic field sensor 25 is inserted into the bore 12 of the axis unit 2. The magnetic ring unit 15 surrounds the sensor 25 radially and is arranged axially at its end. The magnetic field sensor 25 is positioned with an axial offset from the axial center of the magnetic ring unit 15. This results in particularly high-resolution and reproducible sensing and, in particular, detection of the axial position of the rotating body 3 relative to the axis unit 2.

[0161] The shielding device 9 comprises a shielding body 19, here designed as a shielding ring 190. The shielding device 9 also comprises a separation unit 29, which here is provided by a gap 290 filled with a filling medium 291. In addition, the shielding device 9 comprises a magnetic decoupling device 39, which here is provided by a decoupling sleeve 390 and a decoupling gap 391.

[0162] The decoupling sleeve 190 comprises an axial wall 392 on which the sealing device 7 is arranged. In addition, a bearing device 22, not shown in detail here, can be arranged on the axial wall 392.

[0163] The shielding body 19 has an L-shaped cross-section and is made of a particularly magnetically conductive material. The shielding body 19 surrounds the magnetic ring unit 15 on its radial outer side and on its axial side facing the coil unit 24. For magnetic decoupling, the gap 290 is arranged between the shielding body 19 and the magnetic ring unit 15 and is filled with a filling medium 291. This filling medium 291 has a particularly low magnetic conductivity. The magnetic ring unit 15 is also attached to the shielding body 19 via the filling medium 291.

[0164] Magnetic decoupling between the rotating body 3 and the shielding body 19 is achieved by the decoupling device 39. For this purpose, the decoupling sleeve 390 and a filling medium arranged in the decoupling gap 391 also exhibit particularly low magnetic conductivity. The decoupling sleeve 391 is rotationally fixed to the shielding body 19, the additional part 33, and the rotating body 3.

[0165] To further decouple the rotating body 3 from the sensor assembly 5, the rotating body 3 is arranged axially spaced from the decoupling sleeve 390. The end of the rotating body 3 facing the magnetic ring unit 15 does not project beyond the brake body 44. Furthermore, the rotating body 3 is axially offset or shortened relative to the additional part 33. This results in a particularly advantageous magnetic and spatial separation between the rotating body 3 and the decoupling sleeve 390 within a very small installation space.

[0166] Since the magnetic field of the coil unit 24 for the braking effect flows via the rotating body 3, this design offers particularly good shielding. To minimize the influence of this magnetic flux on the sensor 25, the rotating body 3 terminates earlier in the axial direction, and the magnetically non-conductive additional part 33 takes over the structural functions (bearing, sealing points, etc.). This also increases the distance to the sensor 25 and makes the assembly lighter overall.

[0167] The rotating body 3 is made of a highly magnetically conductive material. The additional part 33 and the decoupling sleeve 390, on the other hand, are made of a magnetically non-conductive material. The shielding body 19 and the rotating body 3 are, for example, made of a micro-metal. The components described here as magnetically non-conductive consist, for example, of plastic and have a relative magnetic permeability of less than 10.

[0168] The problematic fields that can typically interfere with rotation angle measurement are primarily those in the radial direction. These fields are shielded here by a shielding body 19, acting as a casing and made of a suitable material, e.g., magnetically conductive steel. This also allows the magnetic field of the magnetic ring unit 15 to be further enhanced. As a result, the magnetic ring unit 15 can be made smaller (thinner), thus saving material, installation space, and manufacturing costs.

[0169] The design is further improved by varying the wall thickness of the shielding body 19 and by providing a gap 290 between the magnetic ring unit 15 and the shielding body 19. The gap 290 between the ring 15 and the shielding body 19 allows for optimal adjustment of the shielding and the gain. The material of the shielding body 19 is selected to prevent magnetic saturation, ensuring sufficient shielding from external magnetic fields (a saturated material allows magnetic fields to pass through at the same rate as air, i.e., with the magnetic constant µ0). With an advantageous design of the gap 290 between the ring 15 and the shielding body 19, the magnetic field does not close too tightly over the shielding body 19, and the field at the center near the sensor 25 is sufficiently homogeneous and is enhanced compared to a ring 15 of the same size or larger without a shielding body 19.

[0170] The dimensions of the shielding device 9 shown here are particularly well suited for a mouse wheel 804 of a computer mouse 801 and have, for example, the following dimensions. The shielding ring 190 is 0.5 mm thick, the distance between shielding ring 190 and ring 15 is also 0.5 mm, the width of ring 15 is 2 mm, and the diameter of ring 15 is 8 mm. In this case, the potential interference field from the coil unit 24 is 140 µT, resulting in a possible error in the angle measurement of 0.1° (cf. Earth's magnetic field: approx. 48 µT in Europe).

[0171] Figure 2b shows a highly schematic representation of the course of the motion speed or rotational speed 831 and the signal 841 over time in a simple example.

[0172] The user first touches the stationary input element 802 and begins to rotate it. At time 852, a rotation speed 832 is determined, and a signal 842, which is functionally (e.g., linearly) dependent on this speed, is output. If the user rotates the input element 802 faster, the signal is amplified, or the corresponding output increases. If the user rotates the input element 802 slower, the signal decreases, or the corresponding output decreases.

[0173] Here, after a brief reduction, the user significantly accelerates the rotational movement and, with a rotational speed of 833 or acceleration at time 853, exceeds the predetermined dimension 836. More precisely, a characteristic value 835 derived from the change in angular positions exceeds the predetermined dimension 836 at time 853.

[0174] This triggers the start command for the freewheeling state. Time 853 thus becomes the start time 853 of the freewheeling state simulation. From this start time 853 until the end of the freewheeling state simulation 850, a signal 843 is output, which no longer depends on the current position of the input element 802.

[0175] In principle, the input element 802 can continue to rotate more or less after being initiated by the finger. The output or derived signal 843 is independent of this. In simple cases, a high value can be set as signal 843 and remain constant over time (curve 841a). It is also possible for the signal to decrease over time (curve 841b). This reduction over time can be based on empirical values ​​or be linear, quadratic, exponential, or stepwise. It is also possible for the signal to be amplified at the beginning of the freewheeling state 850, thus being set higher than the rotational speed (or acceleration) at the start of the freewheeling state 850. This is shown by curve 841cm, which is constant during the duration of the freewheeling state 850, but can also be non-linear. At time 853, there is a vertical jump to a higher value than would be expected.

[0176] The signal, and therefore the speed of the virtual scrolling, can be as fast in the free-running state as the maximum speed at which the user rotates the input device 802. The signal (and thus the scrolling speed) can also exceed this speed and is therefore not limited to the mechanically possible rotational speed. Artificial intelligence or the software in the input device or the associated computer can also recognize when this is desired. For example, if a list to be scrolled through is very long, the likelihood of wanting to scroll through longer passages increases.

[0177] The end time 854 can be predefined, e.g. a predetermined time period after the start time 853, or it can continue indefinitely.

[0178] It is also possible and preferred that the simulation of the freewheeling state 850 is terminated when the user presses a key or switch, or, for example, clicks a mouse button, or issues a gesture or voice command. Similarly, the start time 853 can also be triggered by a separate key 838, a voice command, a gesture, or the like, or automatically. Figure 2b This is represented by dashed arrows from the button or switch 838 to the start time 853 and the end time 854.

[0179] It is also possible and preferred that the end time 854 is determined and the free-running state is terminated at the end time 854 at which a deliberate change in the movement state of the input element 802 is detected. This can be the case, for example, if the input element 802 is no longer rotating and the user rotates it by touching it, even by a small angle.

[0180] Determining the end time 854 is also possible if the input element 802 is (still) rotating and is being actively accelerated or decelerated by the user. "Active" user intervention can be detected by comparing it to the previous movement pattern. Acceleration cannot usually occur spontaneously. Similarly, deceleration over the average of a short period of time does not occur spontaneously. In this context, system-specific characteristics can be taken into account as empirical data.

[0181] The determination of the characteristic value 835 can take into account the swivel or rotation speed and / or the acceleration, etc.

[0182] In Figures 3a and 3bFigure 800 shows a further embodiment of an input device 800 according to the invention. The input device 800 shown here has a very small design and is particularly suitable for use in conjunction with a computer mouse 801.

[0183] Figure 3a This shows a perspective view, while Figure 3b Figure 1 shows a top view of the same embodiment. The input element 802 is formed here by an input wheel 803, on which the mouse wheel 804 is arranged. The input element 802 is designed here as a finger roller 23.

[0184] The axle unit 2 is mounted and supported on the outside of the rotating body 3 of the mouse wheel 804 by bearing devices 22. This allows for a particularly small design, which is mounted on the support body 46.

[0185] The controllable magnetorheological braking device 1 is connected to a computer unit (not shown) via the guide plate 35. The magnetorheological braking device 1 controls and influences the movement of the mouse wheel 804. Simultaneously, the mouse wheel 804 continues to serve as an input element 802 for the computer unit. Depending on an input condition, the movement of the input element 802 can be selectively delayed, locked, and released. The input condition itself can be stored and saved, in particular, in the computer unit, the input device 800, and / or the control element 802 itself. In this way, a user receives predefined and programmable haptic feedback for an input. User input is detected by a sensor unit 5, which can detect both a pivoting movement 827 and a linear movement 826.Furthermore, the sensor device 5 also detects the movement parameters, which here include the direction of rotation, speed, and acceleration. A linear movement 826 of the mouse wheel 803 is generated here by pressing down on the mouse wheel 803.

[0186] In Figure 4 A haptic mode of the method according to the invention is shown schematically here by way of example for the input device 800, which is implemented as a mouse wheel 803. A haptic mode describes here one possible embodiment of the method for controlling the input element 802.

[0187] The reference symbols assigned below to the individual procedural characteristics are examples of visualization, such as arrows and pictogram-like symbols. This is intended to visualize the individual steps / characteristics of the procedure for better understanding.

[0188] In the haptic mode shown here, the mouse wheel 804 operates in a direction-dependent manner 813, depending on the movement 809 within a range of motion 812. When the input element 802, implemented here as a mouse wheel 803, is turned to the left, the braking device 1 generates a rotation-angle-dependent detent 810 with end points 811, which the user perceives as resistance that must be overcome when turning. When the mouse wheel 803 is moved to the right, it is in free-running mode 829, in which the mouse wheel 803 can rotate freely. This allows the user to receive direct feedback on their input.

[0189] Another haptic mode of the process is in the Figure 5As shown, after a linear movement 826 of the mouse wheel 803, the movement of the input element 802 is completely blocked by the magnetorheological braking device 1. This effectively prevents unintentional parallel input errors by the user. The force at the stop point 811 is so great that a user cannot overcome it. The haptic mode is also referred to as push and lock 816.

[0190] In Figure 6 Another haptic mode is shown. The grid 810 in the movement range 812 is changed here depending on the speed 814 or acceleration 814. When the user quickly rotates the mouse wheel 803, the distance between two adjacent grid points 811 changes depending on the speed 814. In the movement 809 shown, the distance between the stop points 811 decreases with increasing speed, which the user perceives when rotating.

[0191] In Figure 7 Another embodiment of the method is shown as a haptic mode. Here, the input element 802 is freely rotatable, resulting in an endless range of motion 812. In this case, individual end points 811 of the indexing 810 are skipped 815 when the input element 802 is highly accelerated.

[0192] The range of motion 812 of an input element 802 can be changed and, in particular, adjusted depending on the haptic mode. This allows for the adaptation of movement and haptic feedback to the individual needs of a user or depending on the use or program.

[0193] In Figure 8Another haptic mode of the procedure is shown. Here, the braking device is controlled with a current and / or voltage signal with a frequency of 100 Hz. The sign of the frequency signal varies. This provides the user with haptic feedback in the form of vibration. A portion of the positive and negative current flow is asymmetrically distributed. This leads to a change in, and simultaneously to a more favorable, perception of the vibration by the user. Due to the high frequency, an audible tone is also generated by the braking device. This haptic mode is advantageously suited for emitting an acoustic warning signal to the user.

[0194] The one here in Figure 9The haptic mode shown is based on controlling the brake device 1 with a random current signal 820. This allows, for example, the wear of a bearing or sand in a gearbox to be displayed to a user.

[0195] In Figure 10 Figure 830 shows a possible user interface through which the individual haptic modes can be combined and modified into a profile 819. The user interface 830 can have several setting levels 828. A user can set the control of the braking device 1 depending on the direction 813 and the speed 814 and acceleration 814. In addition, the input conditions for skipping 815 and pressing and blocking 816 can also be set. Profiles can be saved individually 817. Furthermore, it is possible to apply preset profiles 818, for example, from other users, particularly in a program-specific manner.

[0196] In all configurations, the input device can be supplemented with an acoustic or visual output. The acoustic output can also be generated by the braking device itself.

[0197] In all configurations, the input device can also be extended by sensors that are connected to the user directly or indirectly (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth...) (pulse or heart rate monitor, blood pressure, stress level...) and / or detect the environment (image recognition, ultrasound, laser, LIDAR, microphones...) and change the haptics of the input device based on the information obtained and analyzed (environmental information, user information). Reference symbol list:

[0198] 1 Braking system 806 Control button 2 Axle unit 807 Thumb roller 3 Rotating bodies 808 Gamepad 4 Braking system 809 Movement 5 Sensor device 810 Grid 6 Wedge bearing device 811 anchor point 7, 7a Sealing device 812 range of motion 8 wall 813 direction-dependent 9 Shielding device 814 speed-dependent, acceleration-dependent 11 Connection cable 12 Drilling 815 Skip 13 Recording room 816 Press and block 14 Connection 817 individually 15 Magnetic ring unit 818 Specification / External profile 17 Sealing unit 819 profile 19 Shielding body 820 random stream 21 core 821 Warning tone 22 Storage facility 822 Warning signal 23 Finger roller 823 asymmetry 24 coil unit 824 frequency 25 Magnetic field sensor 825 vibration 27 Sealing part 826 Linear motion 29 Separation unit 827 Swivel movement 33 Additional part 828 Setting levels 34 medium 829 Idle, freely rotatable 35 Circuit board 830 user interface 37 Sealing part 831 Speed ​​profile 39 Decoupling device 832-834 speed 44 brake body 833a acceleration 45 Signal line 835 Key figure 46 Supporting body 836 Predetermined measure 50 console 837 Angle position 190 shielding 838 Pushbuttons, switches 290 gap 841, 841a-841c Signal waveform 291 Filling medium 842-844 signal 390 Decoupling sleeve 850 Freewheel condition 391 decoupling gap 852 time 392 Axial wall 853 Start time 800 Input device 854 End time 801 Computer mouse 802 Input element 803 Input wheel 804 mouse wheel 805 joystick

Claims

1. Method for operating an input device (800), wherein at least one pivotable input element (802) of the input device (800) is at least partially manually operated and pivoted to carry out an input and at least one change in an angular position (837) of the input element (802) is detected by at least one sensor device (5) and a signal (842) is output which is influenced at least by the change in the angular position (837), characterized in that a freewheeling state (850) of the pivotable input element (802) from a starting time (853) is simulated, and that from the starting time (852) in the freewheeling state (850), a signal (842) is output, which is independent of the angular position (837) of the input element (802).

2. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein the start time (852) is set when the user issues a start command, the start command being able to be triggered in particular by pressing a button (838) or a switch or acoustically or optically.

3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the start command is triggered when a characteristic value (835) for a temporal change in the angular position of the input element (802) exceeds a predetermined level (836).

4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the simulation of the freewheeling state (850) is ended when the user makes another input.

5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the simulation of the freewheeling state (850) is ended when the input element (802) does not rotate (stands) and the user begins to rotate the input element (802), so that the sensor device (5) a change in the angular position (837) is detected and / or wherein the simulation of the freewheeling state (850) terminates when the input element (802) rotates and the user actively changes the speed of the input element (802) by decelerating or accelerating it, and / or wherein a signal (843) is output in the freewheeling state (850) which is independent of the temporal change in the angular position (841) of the input element (802) during the freewheeling state (850).

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the signal (842-844) depends on the speed (843) of the input element (802) when the predetermined level (836) is exceeded and / or on the acceleration (843a) of the input element (802). when the predetermined measure (836) is exceeded.

7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the characteristic value (835) is derived from a speed (832-834) and / or an acceleration (833a) of the input element (802) and / or wherein the signal after the start time is greater than the signal at the time when the characteristic value (835) for a temporal change in the angular position of the input element (802) exceeds a predetermined dimension (836)..

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the signal (842-844) depends on the time period from the start time (853).

9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein during the freewheeling state (850), a temporal decrease in the speed of the input element (802) is simulated and wherein the duration of the freewheeling state is limited.

10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the behavior of the user is evaluated by artificial intelligence and the signal in the freewheeling state is adjusted depending on the evaluation.

11. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one rotation of the input element (802) is selectively delayed (802), held and released by means of at least one controllable magnetorheological braking device (1).

12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein when an input is made in at least one input menu with inactive and active input fields, the mobility of the input element (802) is set depending on whether the input field is inactive or active.

13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the input device (800) is used for gaming, in particular for computer games, the mobility of the input element (802) being set depending on a scenario generated by the computer device and the mobility of the input element (802 ) the more the delay is, the greater the force that is fictitiously required in the scenario and / or the more difficult the action that is fictitiously carried out in the scenario.

14. Method (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rotational movement of the operating part (101) is braked by means of the braking device (1) depending on an operating state of a motor vehicle and wherein the operating state includes at least one driving mode and at least one stationary mode, preferably a charging mode for comprises a traction battery of an at least partially electrically operated vehicle.

15. Input device (800) for carrying out the method according to at least one of the preceding claims.