BUILDING WITH HEATING SYSTEM WITH HEAT PUMP

Description

Field of technology:

[0001] The invention relates to a building with an electrically operated heating system according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a heating system has a refrigerant circuit comprising a compressor, a first heat exchanger that can be operated as a condenser / gas cooler in heat pump mode, an expansion element, and a second heat exchanger that can be operated as an evaporator in heat pump mode. In heat pump mode, the refrigerant circuit can be used to heat a heat transfer medium in a secondary circuit.

[0002] The components of the refrigerant circuit are connected by refrigerant lines to circulate the refrigerant. In the compressor, the refrigerant is heated by compression and brought to a high pressure, then expanded again in the expansion valve, where it cools down. A condenser / gas cooler is designed either as a condenser or as a gas cooler. If the refrigerant, such as CO2, operates supercritically in the condenser / gas cooler, it functions as a gas cooler; in designs where the refrigerant, such as R-1234yf, operates subcritically, it functions as a condenser. As an alternative to a fuel-fired heating system, a purely electrically operated heating system with a refrigerant circuit that can be used as a heat pump is frequently employed for heating the air in buildings, particularly for environmental and climate protection reasons.Geothermal energy is often used in this process, but the refrigerant in the second heat exchanger, which is used as an evaporator, does not receive heat from the air of an air stream. State of the art:

[0003] Buildings with a heating system using a refrigerant circuit that can be operated as a heat pump are well-known. In this system, the refrigerant in the second heat exchanger, which acts as an evaporator, absorbs heat from the air in an airflow. Often, air from the outside is supplied through a separate opening in the building wall and also exhausted through a separate opening in the building wall. This has the disadvantage that these additional openings through the building wall to the outside are required for this airflow. Furthermore, the openings for the supply and exhaust air must be separated in such a way that the exhausted air is not drawn back in. Especially in older buildings that were previously heated with fuel, these openings are often not present and are difficult to implement. This results in additional costs.Air ducts must be installed when a heating system with a refrigerant circuit that can be operated as a heat pump is installed in a boiler room, replacing the previous fuel-fired heating system. The air handling devices used for the airflow generate disruptive noise.

[0004] Noise is a particular problem when exhausting air to the outside through the building wall. This disadvantage is especially noticeable in two-part heating systems where the section containing the second heat exchanger, which functions as an evaporator, is located outside the building. Installing the heating system on the roof is often impossible or impractical, particularly for smaller buildings that lack a suitable flat roof, as the generated heat would then have to be transported downwards against the direction of convection. EP 2 336 652 B1 and DE 10 2014 207 540 A1 each disclose a heating system with a refrigerant circuit that can only be operated in heat pump mode and utilizes heat from the exhaust gases of the fuel-operated section of the heating system.In this system, after transferring heat to the refrigerant in the second heat exchanger of the refrigerant circuit (which acts as an evaporator), the exhaust gases are discharged upwards through a chimney of the building. However, the heating systems shown in EP 2 336 652 B1 and DE 10 2014 207 540 A1 are predominantly fuel-powered, which is detrimental to environmental and climate protection, with the heat from the exhaust gases being used in particular for the heat pump. The heating systems disclosed in EP 2 336 652 B1 and DE 10 2014 207 540 A1 therefore require both a fuel-powered component and a heat pump component, resulting in relatively high material costs and space requirements.

[0005] The heating system disclosed in EP 1 131 583 B1 also comprises, in addition to a refrigerant circuit that can be operated as a heat pump, a fuel-operated section intended for heating the building's indoor air. The heat pump section of the heating system is used for heating domestic hot water. In EP 1 131 583 B1, the heat for the heat pump is obtained via a second heat exchanger in the chimney, through which the exhaust gases from the fuel-operated section of the heating system are also routed.In addition to the disadvantages of a heating system that uses both a heat pump and a fuel-powered component, the heating system shown in EP 1 131 583 B1 has the further disadvantage of arranging the second heat exchanger of the refrigerant circuit in the chimney. This also means positioning it in the chimney wall, as the heat exchanger has to be installed separately in the chimney and requires space, given the already limited space available in the chimney, which is also intended for exhaust gas removal. Furthermore, the heat exchanger is exposed to the exhaust gases, which can lead to increased soiling and corrosion. In DE 10 2016 212 775 A1, one embodiment of the heating system is an electrically driven heat pump, but there too, the second heat exchanger, which can be operated as an evaporator, is disadvantageously located in the chimney intended for airflow.In the heating system with heat pump disclosed in EP 0 027 147 A1, a manifold collects as many exhaust air and flue gas flows as possible within the building to transfer heat to the evaporator of the heat pump. However, the manifold is positioned as high as possible within the building, so that air supplied via the chimney comes from below, and the evaporator is located a considerable distance from the other components of the heat pump, which is positioned at the bottom of the boiler room. Furthermore, the heat pump disclosed in EP 0 027 147 A1 can only be operated in heat pump mode. The same disadvantageous characteristics also apply to the heating systems disclosed in DE 29 29 004 A1 and DE 44 37 845 A1, whereby in DE 44 37 845 A1 the heat pump is used only for domestic hot water preparation, and a boiler and / or a solar thermal system is used for the rest of the building's heating needs.For hot water preparation, the heat pump, located outside the chimney in the building, extracts residual heat from the air of an airflow supplied from above through the chimney via an exhaust vent. DE 29 29 004 A1 discloses a building with an electrically operated heating system comprising a refrigerant circuit with a compressor, a first heat exchanger that can be operated as a condenser in heat pump mode, and a second heat exchanger that can be operated as an evaporator. This circuit can be operated in heat pump mode to heat a heat transfer medium of a secondary circuit. The refrigerant of the refrigerant circuit is in direct heat exchange with air of an airflow via the second heat exchanger, and the air of the airflow can be supplied from above through a chimney of the building to the second heat exchanger located outside the chimney in the building for heat exchange.

[0006] The invention specified in claim 1 is therefore based on the problem that, in previously known electrically operated heating systems for buildings using heat pumps with a refrigerant circuit, the flexibility in the operating mode as well as the arrangement and the air duct for the heat exchange of air with refrigerant, which is located in the heat exchanger operated as an evaporator, are in need of improvement.

[0007] Summary of the invention: The problem underlying the invention specified in claim 1 is solved by the features listed in claim 1. In a building with an electrically operated heating system comprising a refrigerant circuit including a compressor, a first heat exchanger operable as a condenser / gas cooler in heat pump operation, an expansion element, and a second heat exchanger operable as an evaporator in heat pump operation, which in heat pump operation can be used to heat a heat transfer medium of a secondary circuit, wherein, during operation of the heating system, the refrigerant of the refrigerant circuit is in indirect heat exchange with air of an airflow via the second heat exchanger, and the air duct for the airflow is designed such that...The problem is solved if air from the airflow can be discharged upwards through a chimney in the building for release into the outside environment and / or supplied from above for heat exchange, and the second heat exchanger is arranged outside the chimney in such a way that the heat exchange between the air in the airflow and the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit takes place outside the chimney, and the refrigerant circuit can be operated switchably in air conditioning mode. The heat transfer medium of the secondary circuit is, for example, water or a water-glycol mixture. A direct arrangement of the heat exchanger means that the heat exchange between the air in the airflow and the refrigerant takes place directly via the second heat exchanger, which is designed as an air-to-refrigerant heat exchanger. In contrast, an indirect arrangement of the heat exchanger means that the heat exchange between the air in the airflow and an intermediate heat transfer medium...which can be, for example, a water-glycol mixture, and the heat is transported by means of this heat transfer medium, for example within a second secondary circuit, and then the heat exchange of refrigerant with this heat transfer medium takes place in the second heat exchanger, which is designed as a double fluid heat exchanger.

[0008] This building's heating system offers the distinct advantages of operating purely electrically as an environmentally friendly and climate-conscious heat pump. It requires relatively little space and utilizes the building's chimney for air intake, eliminating the need for a separate opening in the building wall for the air supply and / or exhaust required for heat exchange with the refrigerant in the secondary heat exchanger, which acts as an evaporator. Noise from airflow is minimal due to the chimney's air ducting. The heat exchange process is independent of the chimney's space requirements, and the air can flow freely through the chimney without obstruction from a heat exchanger. Furthermore, the heating system can be flexibly operated as an air conditioner to cool one or more interior rooms, eliminating the need for a separate air conditioning unit and thus saving space and materials.The heating system may be installed in the boiler room of a previous fuel-operated heating system.

[0009] According to an advantageous embodiment of the heating system of the building according to the invention, the heat transfer medium of the secondary circuit is water, and the secondary circuit itself is designed such that, during heat pump operation of the refrigerant circuit, it functions as a heating circuit for heating the room air of one or more interior spaces of the building. Thus, the refrigerant on the hot side of the refrigerant circuit transfers heat via the first heat exchanger, which operates as a condenser / gas cooler, to the heat transfer medium of the secondary circuit, which is configured as a heating circuit, for heating the air of one or more interior spaces of the building. Water is a well-suited, safe, non-toxic, and cost-effective heat transfer medium for this purpose.

[0010] According to an advantageous embodiment, the first heat exchanger of the refrigerant circuit can be operated as an evaporator during air conditioning operation. This allows the heat transfer medium of the secondary circuit to be cooled in air conditioning mode or heated in heat pump mode within one and the same heat exchanger, saving space and material.

[0011] According to an advantageous design, in air conditioning operation of the refrigerant circuit the second heat exchanger can be operated as a condenser / gas cooler.

[0012] According to a beneficial further development, the refrigerant circuit includes at least one additional heat exchanger that can be operated as an evaporator in air conditioning mode and / or at least one additional heat exchanger that can be operated as a condenser / gas cooler in air conditioning mode. This provides a heat exchanger specifically designed for use as an evaporator and / or a heat exchanger specifically designed for use as a condenser / gas cooler, which increases efficiency in air conditioning mode.

[0013] Preferably, the heating system of the building according to the invention comprises at least one air conveying device, such as an axial fan, arranged such that, during operation, it helps to ensure that air from the airflow is carried upwards through the chimney and / or supplied from above through the chimney for heat exchange with refrigerant located in the second heat exchanger. This improves the conveyance of air from the airflow through the chimney. Advantageously, one of the at least one air conveying device is arranged in the chimney in the region of the upper end of the chimney. This reduces the noise emission from the air conveying device into the interior of the building.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the heating system according to the invention, the heat exchange connection between the refrigerant and the air of the airflow via the second heat exchanger is arranged in such an indirect manner that the second heat exchanger is designed as a double-fluid heat exchanger in which the refrigerant is in heat exchange with a heat transfer medium of a second secondary circuit. Furthermore, via another heat exchanger located outside the chimney within the building in the second secondary circuit, the heat transfer medium of the second secondary circuit is in heat exchange with the air of the airflow. This allows the refrigerant circuit to be kept small, thus saving refrigerant, and the position of the refrigerant circuit is less dependent on the location of the airflow. Other heat sources, such as solar thermal energy, can be more easily integrated into the heat pump in this case.If the refrigerant is toxic and / or flammable, it cannot easily escape into the air in the event of a leak in the refrigerant circuit.

[0015] Preferably, a heating device for warming the air in the airflow is arranged downstream of the heat exchange connection between the air and the refrigerant located in the second heat exchanger and upstream of the air duct section provided for the upward discharge of the air in the chimney. This allows the air, cooled in the heat exchange connection via the second heat exchanger (which acts as an evaporator in heat pump operation), to be warmed before entering the chimney. This improves the upward convection flow in the chimney, thus facilitating better upward discharge of the air.

[0016] According to an advantageous embodiment of the heating system of the building according to the invention, the airflow in the respective air duct section through the chimney passes through one or more pipes arranged in the chimney. This protects the chimney walls from the effects of the air, such as condensation, and allows for several separate air ducts to run through the chimney. Preferably, at least one pipe is provided for supplying air through the chimney and at least one other pipe for exhausting the air through the chimney. In this way, no openings in the building wall are necessary for the airflow to exchange heat with the refrigerant via the second heat exchanger, which significantly reduces the effort required when replacing a fuel-fired heating system with a heating system according to the invention.

[0017] According to an advantageous embodiment, the air duct for supplying outside air to the airflow for heat exchange with the refrigerant in the second heat exchanger is routed not through the chimney, but via an alternative path. In such a design, only the exhaust air from the airflow passes through the building's chimney, which is particularly advantageous in the case of a narrow chimney and eliminates the risk of an airlock between the supply and exhaust air. This alternative supply air path can preferably also lead through a separate chimney.

[0018] Preferably, one or more air inlet openings for outside air, used to supply air for heat exchange with the refrigerant in the second heat exchanger, are arranged at a sufficient distance from one or more air outlet openings to the outside, used to exhaust air after heat exchange with the refrigerant in the second heat exchanger, that an air seal between the supply and exhaust air is avoided. This ensures that the efficiency of the heating system is not reduced. For example, the air inlet opening could be the upper opening of the chimney or fireplace, and the air outlet opening could be an opening in a pipe that extends a sufficient distance from the chimney to the roof of the building. Alternatively, a sufficiently large partition between the air inlet and outlet openings could provide adequate distance.

[0019] Preferably, the heating system is designed such that air not passed through the chimney, such as, in particular, room air from the building, can be mixed with the airflow for heat exchange between the air and the refrigerant located in the second heat exchanger. In this way, warmed exhaust air from the building's interior can also be used to transfer heat to the refrigerant in the second heat exchanger, thus increasing the efficiency of the heating system. This is an advantage over heat pumps where the evaporator is located outdoors.

[0020] It is also advantageous to design the heating system in which room air can be mixed with the airflow after the heat exchange between the air and the refrigerant in the second heat exchanger, either before or within the chimney. By mixing in the warmer room air as exhaust air, the air in the exhaust stream is heated, which improves the convection current through the chimney and reduces the relative humidity.

[0021] Preferably, the refrigerant circuit and its components are located on the ground floor of the building or, if applicable, in the basement. Boiler rooms are also typically located on the ground floor or in the basement of a building. Therefore, the refrigerant circuit and its components can be conveniently located there, eliminating the need for additional space in the building. Particularly when replacing a fuel-fired heating system with a heating system according to the invention, the boiler room previously used for the old system can continue to be used for the new system.

[0022] The building according to the invention can in particular be designed as a residential building with a chimney.

[0023] Brief description of the drawings: The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention.

[0024] They show Fig. 1an embodiment of a heating system in a building not according to the invention; Fig. 2 another embodiment of a heating system in a building not according to the invention; Fig. 3 an embodiment of a heating system for a building according to the invention; and Fig. 4 another embodiment of a heating system in a building not according to the invention.

[0025] Detailed description of the invention: All drawings are to be understood schematically. Scale drawings have been omitted for the sake of clarity.

[0026] In Figure 1Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a heating system 1 of a building 3 not according to the invention. The heating system 1 is purely electrically operable. It comprises a refrigerant circuit 5, which can be operated as a heat pump. The refrigerant circuit 5 is located in the boiler room 7 on the ground floor of the building 3. The building 3 is, for example, a residential building. The refrigerant circuit 5 comprises, in particular, as components an electrically operated compressor 9, a first heat exchanger 11 used as a condenser / gas cooler in heat pump operation, an expansion element 13 designed as an expansion valve, and a second heat exchanger 15 used as an evaporator in heat pump operation.

[0027] The components of the refrigerant circuit 5 are connected by refrigerant lines to circulate the refrigerant. In the compressor 9, the refrigerant is heated by compression and brought to a high pressure. In the expansion vessel 13, it is expanded and cooled. The first heat exchanger 11 is designed either as a condenser or as a gas cooler. If the refrigerant, such as CO2, operates supercritically in the first heat exchanger 11, it functions as a gas cooler. In configurations where the refrigerant, such as R-1234yf, operates subcritically, it functions as a condenser. The first heat exchanger 11 is a double-fluid heat exchanger, such as a plate heat exchanger.On one side, it is connected to the refrigerant circuit 5, in which refrigerant circulates during operation, and on the other side to a secondary circuit 17, in which a heat transfer medium such as water circulates. When the heating system 1 is operating, the warm refrigerant transfers heat to the heat transfer medium in the first heat exchanger 11, thereby heating the latter. The secondary circuit 17 is a heating circuit for heating the room air of one or more interior spaces and / or the domestic hot water of the building 3, with the domestic hot water heating option being located in . Figure 1 For the sake of clarity, it is not shown. It comprises an electrically operated pump 19 for circulating the heat transfer medium heated in the first heat exchanger 11, through which it reaches the heating heat exchangers 21 in the interior of the building 3 for heat exchange with the room air there.

[0028] The second heat exchanger 15, used as an evaporator in heat pump operation, is an air-to-refrigerant heat exchanger. The air flowing through it transfers heat to the refrigerant currently located in the second heat exchanger 15, causing it to evaporate and flow towards the compressor 9. The airflow is supplied to the second heat exchanger 15 via an air duct 23. The air inlet opening 25, through which the outside air flows into the air duct 23, is located in an exterior wall of the building 3. From the second heat exchanger 15, an air duct 27 carries the cooled airflow through a chimney opening 29 into a chimney 31 of the building 3. Room air is mixed with the airflow in an optional air mixer 33 located in the air duct 27. The airflow is then discharged upwards through the chimney 31 into the outside environment.The air duct section 35 in the chimney 31 extends from the chimney opening 29 on the ground floor through the chimney 31 to the air outlet opening 37 at the top of the chimney 31. This air outlet opening 37 to the outside environment is, in this case, the chimney opening of the chimney 31 on the roof of the building 3. An electrically operated air conveying device 39, designed as an axial fan, contributes, when in operation, to the upward discharge of air from the airflow through the chimney 31.

[0029] The second heat exchanger 15 is located in the boiler room 7 outside the chimney 31, so that the heat exchange of the air of the airflow with the refrigerant of the refrigerant circuit 5 takes place outside the chimney 31 in the building 3.

[0030] The refrigerant circuit 5 of the heating system 1 can be switched to air conditioning mode, which is in Figure 1This is illustrated by the directional arrows to the left of the compressor 9. The first heat exchanger 11 can be operated as an evaporator and the second heat exchanger 15 as a condenser / gas cooler. Thus, the heating system 1 can also be used as an air conditioning system to cool air in one or more interior rooms of the building 3, with the secondary circuit 17, designed as a heating circuit, then functioning as a cooling circuit.

[0031] Optionally, an air mixer 33 is arranged in the air duct 23 leading to the second heat exchanger 15 for mixing room air from one or more interior rooms of the building 3 with the airflow in the air duct 23. Furthermore, as a possible further development of the Figure 1 The heating system 1 shown could be equipped with an additional air conveying device 39, such as a radial blower, in the air line 23 to the second heat exchanger 15.

[0032] Control unit 41 regulates the heating system 1 according to heating or cooling demand and the outside air temperature. It primarily controls the output of the compressor 9, the pump 19, and the air handling unit(s) 39, as well as the proportion of room air mixed into the airflow and the operating mode of the refrigerant circuit 5.

[0033] In Figure 2Figure 1 shows a further embodiment of a heating system 1 of a building 3 not according to the invention. The heating system 1 is purely electrically operable. The refrigerant circuit 5 is located on the ground floor in the boiler room 7. In a building 3 with a basement, the boiler room 7 can also be located there. The arrangement and design of the refrigerant circuit 5 with the electrically operated compressor 9, the first heat exchanger 11 designed as a double-fluid heat exchanger, the expansion element 13, and the second heat exchanger 15 designed as an air-to-refrigerant heat exchanger corresponds to that shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 The design shown. The secondary circuit 17, which is designed as a heating circuit and thermally coupled to the refrigerant circuit 5 via the first heat exchanger 11, with the heat transfer medium circulating in it through the pump 19 and the heating heat exchangers 21, also corresponds to the one shown. Figure 1The embodiment shown. A pipe 43 runs vertically in the chimney 31 of building 3 for supplying air for the airflow to the second heat exchanger 15. The pipe 43 forms the air duct section 45 of the chimney 31 provided for the air supply. Outside air can enter at the air inlet opening 25 of the pipe 43 at the upper end of the chimney 31. It is drawn in by the air conveying device 39, located in the upper part of the pipe 43 and here an axial fan, and conveyed downwards towards the second heat exchanger 15. Instead of an axial fan, another suitable type of air conveying device 39, such as a radial fan, is also conceivable. Furthermore, the air conveying device 39 can be located at another suitable point in the air duct 23 to the second heat exchanger 15. At its lower end, the pipe 43 curves horizontally through the chimney opening 47 into the boiler room 7.From there, the air duct 23 leads to the second heat exchanger 15, where, when the heating system 1 is operating, the air in the supplied airflow transfers heat to the refrigerant of the refrigerant circuit 5. Optionally, an air mixer 33 is arranged upstream of this for mixing room air with the airflow in the air duct 23. Downstream of the second heat exchanger 15, a heating device 49 is optionally arranged in the air duct 27 for heating the air in the airflow that has been cooled in the second heat exchanger 15. This heating device can be switched on as needed to improve the airflow through the chimney 31. The air duct 27 leads through the chimney opening 29 into the chimney 31, where it continues upwards with the further vertically arranged pipe 51. The air duct section 35 in the chimney 31 for the exhaust of the airflow is formed by the section of the further pipe 51 located in the chimney 31.Optionally, an additional air conveying device 39, designed as an axial fan, is arranged in the pipe 51 at the upper end of the chimney 31. Instead of an axial fan, another suitable type of air conveying device 39, such as a radial fan, is also conceivable. Furthermore, this optional air conveying device 39 can be arranged at another suitable location along the air duct 27 leading away from the second heat exchanger 15, including the pipe 51. In the area of ​​the roof of the building 3, the pipe 51 bends laterally through an opening in the chimney of the chimney 31 and runs a short distance along the roof, such that the air outlet opening 37 for the exhaust air at the upper end of the pipe 51 to the outside environment is located at a sufficiently large distance from the air inlet opening 25 to prevent an air seal between the air supplied to and exhausted from the second heat exchanger 15.It is also conceivable to have a sufficiently large partition wall between air inlet opening 25 and air outlet opening 37, so that the spatial distance between air inlet opening 25 and air outlet opening 37 can be significantly smaller and thus the pipe 51 does not need to run further on the roof of building 3.

[0034] The second heat exchanger 15 is located outside the chimney 31 in building 3, so that the heat exchange of the air of the airflow with the refrigerant of the refrigerant circuit 5 takes place outside the chimney 31 in building 3.

[0035] Optionally, an air mixer 33 for mixing room air with the airflow is arranged in the air duct 27 between the second heat exchanger 15 and the heating device 49.

[0036] Refrigerant circuit 5 of heating system 1 can be switched to air conditioning mode. Figure 2This is illustrated by the directional arrows to the left of the compressor 9. The first heat exchanger 11 can be operated as an evaporator and the second heat exchanger 15 as a condenser / gas cooler. Thus, the heating system 1 can also be used as an air conditioning system to cool air in one or more interior rooms of the building 3, with the secondary circuit 17, designed as a heating circuit, functioning as a cooling circuit.

[0037] Control unit 41 regulates the heating system 1 according to heating or cooling demand and the outside air temperature. It primarily controls the output of the compressor 9, the pump 19, the heating unit 49, and the air handling unit(s) 39, as well as the proportion of room air mixed into the airflow and the operating mode of the refrigerant circuit 5.

[0038] It is also conceivable that only one of the pipes 43 and 51 exists for the supply or discharge of air through the chimney 31, and that the supply or discharge of air, on the other hand, without a pipe in the chimney 31, is given directly vertically in the chimney 31.

[0039] In Figure 3Figure 1 is another embodiment of a heating system 1 in a building 3, such as a residential building. The heating system 1 is operated purely electrically. The refrigerant circuit 5 and its components are located in the boiler room 7 of the building 3, which is situated on the ground floor. Alternatively, the boiler room 7 could be located in the basement of the building 3. The refrigerant circuit 5, comprising the electrically operated compressor 9, the first heat exchanger 11 (designed as a double fluid heat exchanger), the expansion element 13, and the second heat exchanger 15 (also designed as a double fluid heat exchanger), can be operated in heat pump mode with the first heat exchanger 11 acting as a condenser / gas cooler and the second heat exchanger 15 as an evaporator. As shown in Figure 1, the refrigerant circuit 5 consists of an electrically operated compressor 9, a first heat exchanger 11 (designed as a double fluid heat exchanger), an expansion element 13, and a second heat exchanger 15 (designed as a double fluid heat exchanger). Figure 1 and 2The refrigerant circuit 5 is thermally coupled to the secondary circuit 17, which is designed as a heating circuit, via the first heat exchanger 11. The heat transfer medium circulating in this circuit when the pump 19 is operating is water or a water-glycol mixture. Other suitable types of heat transfer medium are also conceivable. During heating operation, the heat transfer medium releases heat in the heating heat exchangers 21 associated with the secondary circuit 17 to warm the room air of the respective interior space of the building 3.

[0040] The second heat exchanger 15, designed as a double-fluid heat exchanger, such as a plate heat exchanger, and connected on one side to the refrigerant circuit 5, is connected on the other side to the second secondary circuit 53, so that the refrigerant circuit 5 is thermally coupled to the second secondary circuit 53. The heat transfer medium circulating in the second secondary circuit 53 when the second pump 55 is operating is water or a water-glycol mixture. Other suitable types of heat transfer media are also conceivable, such as a water-alcohol mixture. A further heat exchanger 57 is arranged in the second secondary circuit 53. This further heat exchanger 57 is an air-fluid heat exchanger in which, during operation, the heat transfer medium of the second secondary circuit 53 is in heat exchange with air from the airflow. Air from the airflow is supplied from the outside as if to Figure 2Air is supplied from above for heat exchange via a vertical pipe 43 running inside the chimney 31 of the building 3, as described by corresponding reference numerals. An air conveying device 39, designed as an axial fan and located in the upper part of the pipe 43 at the air inlet opening 25, assists the airflow towards the further heat exchanger 57 in the second secondary circuit 53. For this purpose, the air duct 23 leads from a lower chimney opening 47 in the boiler room 7 through an optional air mixer 33 to the further heat exchanger 57 at the lower end of the air duct section 45 in the chimney 31. The air mixer 33 serves to mix room air into the airflow. The air conveying device 39 can also be located at a suitable location other than in the upper part of the pipe 43 in the air duct 23.

[0041] In the secondary heat exchanger 57, during heating operation of the heating system 1, air from the airflow transfers heat to the heat transfer medium circulating in the second secondary circuit 53. This heat is then transported with the heat transfer medium to the refrigerant in the second heat exchanger 15, which operates as an evaporator. The heat exchange connection between the refrigerant of the refrigerant circuit 5 and the air from the airflow is thus indirect, via the second heat exchanger 15 and the interposed second secondary circuit 53. During heating operation of the heating system 1, the air cooled in the secondary heat exchanger 57 of the second secondary circuit 53 is discharged upwards through the air duct 27, with the pipe 51 running vertically in the chimney 31, through the lower chimney opening 29. The air duct section 35 in the chimney 31 for the discharge of the airflow is formed by the section of pipe 51 located in the chimney 31.An optional air conveying device 39, such as an axial fan shown here, is arranged at the upper end of the pipe 51. Instead of an axial fan, another suitable type of air conveying device 39, such as a radial fan, is also conceivable. Furthermore, this optional air conveying device 39 can be arranged at another suitable location along the air duct 27 leading away from the secondary heat exchanger 57. In the area of ​​the roof of the building 3, the pipe 51 bends laterally through an opening in the chimney of the fireplace 31 and runs along the roof for a short distance, such that the air outlet opening 37 for the exhaust air at the upper end of the pipe 51 is located at a sufficient distance from the air inlet opening 25 to prevent an airlock between the air supplied to and exhausted from the secondary heat exchanger 57.It is also conceivable to have a sufficiently large partition wall between air inlet opening 25 and air outlet opening 37, so that the spatial distance between air inlet opening 25 and air outlet opening 37 can be significantly smaller and thus the pipe 51 does not need to run further on the roof of building 3.

[0042] The second heat exchanger 15, the second secondary circuit 53 and the further heat exchanger 57 are arranged outside the chimney 31 in the building 3, so that the heat exchange of the air of the airflow with the refrigerant of the refrigerant circuit 5 takes place outside the chimney 31 in the building 3.

[0043] Refrigerant circuit 5 is switchable and can also be operated in air conditioning mode, which is in Figure 3This is illustrated by the directional arrows to the right of the compressor 9. The first heat exchanger 11 can be operated as an evaporator and the second heat exchanger 15 as a condenser / gas cooler. Thus, the heating system 1 can also be used as an air conditioning system to cool air in one or more interior rooms of the building 3, with the secondary circuit 17, designed as a heating circuit, functioning as a cooling circuit.

[0044] Optionally, an additional air mixer 33 is arranged in the air duct 27 between the additional heat exchanger 57 and the chimney opening 29 for mixing in room air.

[0045] Control unit 41 regulates the heating system 1 according to the outside air temperature and the heating or cooling demand. It primarily controls the output of the compressor 9, the pumps 19 and 55, the heating unit 49, and the air handling unit(s) 39, as well as the switching of the operating modes of the refrigerant circuit 5 and the proportion of room air mixed into the airflow.

[0046] It is also conceivable that only one of the pipes 43 and 51 exists for the supply or discharge of air through the chimney 31, and that the supply or discharge of air, on the other hand, without a pipe in the chimney 31, is given directly vertically in the chimney 31.

[0047] Furthermore, a variant is conceivable in which the exhaust but not the supply of the airflow to the further heat exchanger 57 takes place through the chimney 31, according to the one described in Figure 1shown supply. Conversely, a variant is also conceivable in which the supply of air to the further heat exchanger 57 takes place through the chimney 31, but the discharge of the air instead takes place to the outside, for example through an air outlet opening 37 in a building wall of the building 3.

[0048] In Figure 4Figure 1 shows a further embodiment of a heating system 1 of a building 3 not according to the invention. The heating system 1 is operated purely electrically. The refrigerant circuit 5, with its components, is located in the boiler room 7 of the building 3, which is situated on the ground floor. Alternatively, the boiler room 7 could be located in the basement of the building 3. The refrigerant circuit 5, comprising the electrically operated compressor 9, the first heat exchanger 11 designed as a double-fluid heat exchanger, the two expansion elements 13, the second heat exchanger 15 designed as an air-to-refrigerant heat exchanger, and the two further heat exchangers 61 and 63, can be operated in heat pump mode with the first heat exchanger 11 acting as a condenser / gas cooler and the second heat exchanger 15 as an evaporator. As shown in Figure 1, the refrigerant circuit 5, comprising the electrically operated compressor 9, the first heat exchanger 11 as a double-fluid heat exchanger, the two expansion elements 13, the second heat exchanger 15 as an air-to-refrigerant heat exchanger, and the two further heat exchangers 61 and 63, can be operated in heat pump mode with the first heat exchanger 11 as a condenser / gas cooler and the second heat exchanger 15 as an evaporator. Figure 1 , 2 and 3In heat pump operation, the refrigerant circuit 5 is thermally coupled to the secondary circuit 17, which is configured as a heating circuit, via the first heat exchanger 11. In air conditioning operation, the refrigerant circuit 5 is thermally coupled to the secondary circuit 17, which then functions as a cooling circuit, via the additional heat exchanger 63, which can be operated as an evaporator. The heat transfer medium circulating in the secondary circuit 17 when the pump 19 is operating is water or a water-glycol mixture. Other suitable types of heat transfer medium are also conceivable. In the heating heat exchangers 21 assigned to the secondary circuit 17, the heat transfer medium releases heat to warm the room air of the respective interior space of the building 3 during heating operation, and absorbs heat there during air conditioning operation.

[0049] Depending on the operating mode, the refrigerant of the refrigerant circuit 5 is in heat exchange with the airflow either in the second heat exchanger 15 or in the further heat exchanger 61, which can be operated as a condenser / gas cooler in air conditioning mode. Air from the outside is supplied as if to Figure 2Air is supplied from above for heat exchange via a vertical pipe 43 running inside the chimney 31 of the building 3, as described by corresponding reference numerals. An air conveying device 39, designed as an axial fan and located in the upper part of the pipe 43 at the air inlet opening 25, assists the airflow towards the second heat exchanger 15. For this purpose, the air duct 23 leads from a lower chimney opening 47 in the boiler room 7 through an optional air mixer 33 to the second heat exchanger 15 at the lower end of the air duct section 45 in the chimney 31. The air mixer 33 serves to mix room air into the airflow. The air conveying device 39 can also be located at a suitable position other than in the upper part of the pipe 43 in the air duct 23.

[0050] In the second heat exchanger 15, which operates as an evaporator, air from the airflow transfers heat to the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 5 during heating operation of the heating system 1. The air cooled in the second heat exchanger 15 during heating operation of the heating system 1 is discharged upwards through the air duct 27, with the pipe 51 running vertically in the chimney 31, entering through the lower chimney opening 29 and exiting upwards in the chimney 31. The air duct section 35 in the chimney 31 for the discharge of the airflow is formed by the section of pipe 51 located in the chimney 31. Optionally, a further air conveying device 39, such as an axial fan shown here, is arranged at the upper end of the pipe 51. Instead of an axial fan, another suitable type of air conveying device 39, such as a radial fan, is also conceivable. Furthermore, this optional air conveying device 39 can be arranged at another suitable location along the air duct 27 leading away from the second heat exchanger 15.The pipe 51 bends laterally through an opening in the chimney of the fireplace 31 in the area of ​​the roof of building 3 and runs along the roof for a short distance. The air outlet 37 for the exhaust air at the upper end of the pipe 51 is positioned at a sufficient distance from the air inlet 25 to prevent an airlock between the air supplied to and exhausted from the second heat exchanger 15. Alternatively, a sufficiently large partition wall could be installed between the air inlet 25 and the air outlet 37, thus significantly reducing the distance between them and eliminating the need for the pipe 51 to extend further along the roof of building 3.

[0051] The second heat exchanger 15 is located outside the chimney 31 in building 3, so that the heat exchange of the air of the airflow with the refrigerant of the refrigerant circuit 5 takes place outside the chimney 31 in building 3.

[0052] The refrigerant circuit 5 can be switched via the three-way valve 59 and can also be operated in air conditioning mode. In this mode, the additional heat exchanger 63, which can be operated as an evaporator, is operated as an evaporator, and the additional heat exchanger 61, which can be operated as a condenser / gas cooler, is operated as a condenser / gas cooler. Thus, the heating system 1 can also be used as an air conditioning system to cool air in one or more interior spaces of the building 3, with the secondary circuit 17, designed as a heating circuit, functioning as a cooling circuit.

[0053] Control unit 41 regulates the heating system 1 according to the outside air temperature and the heating or cooling demand. It primarily controls the output of the compressor 9, the pump 19, the air handling unit(s) 39, as well as the switching of operating modes by switching the three-way valve 59 of the refrigerant circuit 5 and the proportion of room air mixed into the airflow.

[0054] It is also conceivable that only one of the pipes 43 and 51 exists for the supply or discharge of air through the chimney 31, and that the supply or discharge of air, on the other hand, without a pipe in the chimney 31, is given directly vertically in the chimney 31.

[0055] Furthermore, a variant not according to the invention is conceivable in which the discharge but not the supply of the airflow to the second heat exchanger 15 takes place through the chimney 31, in accordance with the one described in Figure 1as shown, or through another chimney. Conversely, a variant not according to the invention is also conceivable in which the air of the airflow to the second heat exchanger 15 is supplied through the chimney 31, but the air is discharged to the outside instead of through the chimney 31, for example through an air outlet opening 37 in a building wall of the building 3.

[0056] Furthermore, a non-inventive modification of the one in Figure 4 The refrigerant circuit 5 shown is conceivable in which the heat exchanger 61, which can be operated as a condenser / gas cooler in air conditioning mode, is omitted and the second heat exchanger 15 is operated as a condenser / gas cooler in air conditioning mode with refrigerant lines adapted for this purpose.

[0057] Another variant of the in is also not inventive. Figure 4The refrigerant circuit 5 shown is conceivable in which the heat exchanger 63, which can be operated as an evaporator in air conditioning operation, is omitted and instead the first heat exchanger 11 is operated as an evaporator in air conditioning operation with refrigerant lines adapted for this purpose.

[0058] The in the Figures 1 to 4 The illustrated examples of the heating system can also have been installed in an existing building by replacing a previously fuel-operated heating system. In this case, the building's chimney, previously used for exhaust gases from the old fuel-operated system, is used for the intake and / or exhaust of air from above. This air is used for heat exchange with the refrigerant located in the second heat exchanger of the newly installed heating system.

Claims

1. Building (3) with an electrically operable heating system (1) having a refrigerant circuit (5) comprising a compressor (9), a first heat exchanger (11) operable as a condenser / gas cooler in heat pump operation, an expansion device (13), and a second heat exchanger (15) operable as an evaporator in heat pump operation, which is operable in heat pump operation for heating a heat transfer medium of a secondary circuit (17), wherein the second heat exchanger (15) is arranged outside the chimney (31) in the building (3) and an air duct (23, 27, 43, 51) for an air flow is designed such that air of the air flow can be discharged upward through a chimney (31) of the building (3) for release into the outside environment and / or can be supplied from above for heat exchange, characterized - in that the second heat exchanger (15) is designed as a dual-fluid heat exchanger, - in that during operation of the heating system (1) the refrigerant of the refrigerant circuit (5) is in heat exchange connection with air of the air flow via the second heat exchanger (15) in such an indirect arrangement that in the second heat exchanger (15) the refrigerant is in heat exchange connection with a heat transfer medium of a second secondary circuit (53), wherein via a further heat exchanger (57) arranged outside the chimney (31) in the building (3) in the second secondary circuit (53) during operation the heat transfer medium of the second secondary circuit (53) is in heat exchange connection with air of the air flow, and - in that the refrigerant circuit (5) is switchable to operate in cooling operation.

2. Building (3) according to claim 1, in particular a residential building, characterized in that the heat transfer medium of the secondary circuit (17) is water and the secondary circuit (17) is designed such that during heat pump operation of the refrigerant circuit (5) it is a heating circuit for heating room air of one or more interior rooms of the building (3).

3. Building (3) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in cooling operation of the refrigerant circuit (5) the first heat exchanger (11) is operable as an evaporator.

4. Building (3) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in cooling operation of the refrigerant circuit (5) the second heat exchanger (15) is operable as a condenser / gas cooler.

5. Building (3) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the refrigerant circuit (5) comprises at least one further heat exchanger (63) operable as an evaporator in cooling operation and / or at least one further heat exchanger (61) operable as a condenser / gas cooler in cooling operation.

6. Building (3) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the heating system (1) comprises at least one air conveying device (39) which is arranged such that during operation it contributes to air of the air flow being discharged upward through the chimney (31) and / or being supplied from above through the chimney (31) for heat exchange with refrigerant located in the second heat exchanger (15).

7. Building (3) according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one of the at least one air conveying device (39) is arranged in the chimney (31) in the region of the upper end of the chimney (31).

8. Building (3) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the air guidance of air of the air flow in a respective air guide section (35, 45) forming the section for the respective air guidance through the chimney (31) runs through one or more pipes (43, 51) arranged in the chimney (31).

9. Building (3) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the air duct (23, 43) for supplying outside air in the air flow for heat exchange with refrigerant located in the second heat exchanger (15) is not guided through the chimney (31), but rather along another path.

10. Building (3) according to claim 9, characterized in that the air supply in the air flow for the heat exchanger is guided through a further chimney.

11. Building (3) according to claim 8, characterized in that for supplying air of the air flow through the chimney (31) at least one of the pipes (43) is provided and for discharging the air through the chimney (31) at least one other of the pipes (51) is provided.

12. Building (3) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that one or more air inlet openings (25) for outside air for supplying air for heat exchange with refrigerant located in the second heat exchanger (15) are arranged at such a large distance from one or more air outlet openings (37) to the outside for discharging air after the heat exchange with refrigerant located in the second heat exchanger (15) that an air short-circuit of supplied and discharged air is avoided.

13. Building (3) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the heating system (1) is designed such that air not guided through the chimney (31), in particular room air of the building (3), can be mixed into the air flow for heat exchange between air and refrigerant located in the second heat exchanger (15).

14. Building (3) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the refrigerant circuit (5) with its components is arranged on the ground floor of the building (3).

15. Building (3) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it has a basement in which the refrigerant circuit (5) with its components is arranged.