Ceiling structure and method for constructing a ceiling structure

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a ceiling structure for forming a ceiling, in particular a roof truss section, a room ceiling or a room floor of a building, and to a method for producing such a ceiling structure.

[0002] Known ceiling structures for forming a ceiling, in particular a room ceiling or room floor of a building can, for example, be provided in particular on the basis of concrete or wood, whereby the use of concrete is preferred with increasing building height in order to ensure that a predetermined load is carried. Ceiling structures that include wood or whose essentially load-bearing elements are made of wood are generally rather rare. For higher buildings, ceiling structures are generally used which, if they contain wood at all, also include concrete or steel as classic load-bearing structures. However, in order to use existing resources more sustainably, there is a need to increasingly utilize the renewable raw material wood, particularly in the construction industry.

[0003] DE 20 2006 013553 U1 describes a building board for use as a prefabricated building element in the construction of houses, wherein the building board is designed in the manner of a cross-laminated timber element, wherein the cross-laminated timber element has at least three interconnected layers of single-layer boards, and wherein the single-layer boards are made of solid wood boards.

[0004] US 2017 / 145639 A1 describes a crane mat comprising a plurality of wooden panels arranged in alternating transverse directions to each other, with the upper and lower panels oriented parallel to the direction of vehicle traffic. The upper and lower panels may include a plurality of spaced-apart grooves extending longitudinally from a first longitudinal end of the crane mat to a second longitudinal end of the crane mat to improve traction of a vehicle traversing the crane mat by transporting rain or moisture from the mat or for picking up mud or other debris. The crane mat may include a plurality of edge protectors positioned on respective sides of the crane mat to protect the crane mat from damage during handling.In various designs, the crane mat can be made of either softwood, hardwood or any combination of softwood and hardwood.

[0005] AT 13 709 U1 describes a wooden tile with a base body made of upright arranged, glued-together wooden strips extending over the length of the wooden tile and groove-shaped connecting profiles extending in the height direction of the wooden tile or the base body on at least its opposite circumferential sides, wherein the base body is formed from a closed ring of glued-together wooden strips and that in the interior of the base body at least two air chambers are formed which extend over the height of the base body and are separated from one another by a wooden plate.

[0006] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved ceiling structure for forming a ceiling, in particular a roof truss section, a room ceiling or a floor of a building, in particular to provide a structurally improved wood-based ceiling structure, and to provide a method for producing an improved ceiling structure, in particular a structurally improved wood-based ceiling structure.

[0007] The above-described object is achieved by the subject matter of the independent claims, preferred embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0008] The claimed invention is defined by the ceiling structure according to claim 1 and by the method for producing a ceiling structure according to claim 13. One aspect of the invention relates to a ceiling structure for forming a ceiling, in particular a roof truss section, a room ceiling or a room floor of a building, the ceiling structure comprising: a middle layer comprising solid wood; a pair of cover layers, wherein the cover layers of the pair of cover layers comprise solid wood, and wherein the cover layers of the pair of cover layers are arranged in a sandwich manner around the middle layer; and at least one pair of intermediate layers, wherein at least one intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers is arranged between the middle layer and a cover layer of the pair of cover layers and connects the middle layer to the respective cover layer in a material-to-material manner; wherein a wood fiber direction of the middle layer substantially corresponds to a wood fiber direction of the cover layers of the pair of cover layers, such that the middle layer and the cover layers of the pair of cover layers interact in a structurally identical manner.

[0009] The present ceiling structure, which is suitable, for example, for forming a ceiling, in particular a room ceiling and / or a room floor and / or a section of a building's roof truss, advantageously provides an improved ceiling structure, in particular a structurally improved wood-based ceiling structure. Thus, the present ceiling structure is advantageously structurally reinforced, in particular, by the substantially aligned wood fiber directions of the middle layer and the top layers of the pair of top layers. Due to its construction, the present ceiling structure is advantageously suited to absorbing or supporting vertical loads acting on a building.

[0010] The ceiling structure for a ceiling as a room ceiling or room floor can, in particular, have a substantially horizontal extension, and in particular, an extension in a range of approximately 2 meters to approximately 11 meters in a width direction and a length direction of the ceiling structure. Furthermore, the ceiling structure can also be suitable for sloping ceilings that are inclined relative to a horizontal orientation and, in particular, extend substantially flatly. In exemplary embodiments, the ceiling structure can have a substantially horizontal or sloping extension in a range of approximately 2 meters to approximately 9 meters, in a width direction and a length direction of the ceiling structure.

[0011] The ceiling structure for a ceiling as a roof truss section can, for example, be arranged substantially horizontally or diagonally, in particular along the rafters. The ceiling structure can, in particular, form a pressure element of a collar beam roof to relieve the rafters, and alternatively or additionally, for example, can be arranged on the rafters or at least in sections between two rafters. The ceiling structure can, in particular, form a collar beam or a hip beam of a roof. In exemplary embodiments, the ceiling structure is positively connected, in particular to one or more rafters. For this purpose, at least one of the ceiling structure and the one or more rafters can have a recess for a positive connection to the other. The ceiling structure for a ceiling as a roof truss section can have a compression element of the roof truss orhave an extension corresponding to the roof and extend in the longitudinal and width directions, for example, in the range of approximately 50 cm to several meters, although different extensions are also possible depending on the design of the roof.

[0012] Wood exhibits greater stiffness and strength in the direction of the grain than across the grain. By aligning the face layers and the core layer in such a way that their grain directions essentially coincide, it was surprisingly discovered that the core layer and the face layers can be considered complementarily in the structural analysis of a building.Due to the essentially corresponding wood fiber directions, the cover layers together with the middle layer mutually benefit each other in terms of stiffness and / or strength, so that in the design, in particular the static design of a ceiling, such as a room ceiling, a floor of a room or a roof truss section of a building, which is in particular configured to comprise wood, the respective essentially equidirectional stiffnesses and / or strengths in the wood fiber direction and transverse to the wood fiber direction can be taken into account, i.e. in particular the respectively increased stiffnesses in the wood fiber direction of the cover layers and the middle layer can be taken into account together.

[0013] Furthermore, the ceiling structure of the present aspect, particularly due to the substantially corresponding wood fiber directions of the top layers and the middle layer, allows different woods or wood species to be structurally considered and installed together to form a ceiling structure. Thus, the present ceiling structure can advantageously accommodate a temporally changing forest structure, which may temporarily have a larger proportion of softwoods or a larger proportion of hardwoods. Depending on the situation, the use of a larger quantity of softwood or hardwood may be ecologically and / or economically necessary.

[0014] Furthermore, the existing ceiling structure can be configured to suit the specific building by configuring both the thickness of the ceiling structure and the stiffness and / or strength to suit the specific building by using specific woods or wood species in a thickness that can be selected for the respective layers.

[0015] The core layer may, in particular, comprise or consist of a plurality of solid wood elements. The solid wood elements of the core layer may have a substantial wood grain direction, which, in particular, forms the wood grain direction of the core layer.

[0016] A top layer of the pair of top layers can each comprise or consist of a plurality of solid wood elements. The solid wood elements of the top layer(s) can have a substantial wood grain direction, which in particular forms the wood grain direction of the top layer(s).

[0017] According to the present aspect, the intermediate layers are configured to connect the respective cover layers to the middle layer in a material-to-material manner. Additionally or alternatively, the intermediate layers can be configured to connect the middle layer and / or the respective cover layers in a form-fitting manner. An intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can in particular comprise or consist of a plurality of solid wood elements, or alternatively comprise or consist of another material. If the intermediate layer comprises solid wood elements, the solid wood elements of the intermediate layer can have a substantial wood fiber direction, which in particular forms a wood fiber direction of the intermediate layer or intermediate layers.

[0018] An intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can connect the middle layer to a respective cover layer in a materially bonded manner, in particular such that the intermediate layer is materially bonded to the middle layer on a side facing the middle layer, and is materially bonded to the cover layer on a side facing away from the middle layer, i.e., a side facing the respective cover layer. If the ceiling structure has several intermediate layers arranged between the middle layer and one of the cover layers, in particular the intermediate layer facing the middle layer can be materially bonded to the middle layer, and an intermediate layer facing the cover layer can be materially bonded to the cover layer.

[0019] Alternatively or additionally, the middle layer and the cover layers can be or become connected to one another in a force-fitting manner, in particular using intermediate layers, such as by screws, rivets, pins or the like, wherein one or more intermediate layers can be arranged between one of the cover layers and the middle layer.

[0020] In even further alternative embodiments, the middle layer and the cover layers can be connected by means of any combination of frictional connection, positive connection and material connection, in particular by means of at least one intermediate layer.

[0021] The intermediate layers, which connect the middle layer and / or the cover layers in a material-locking and / or form-fitting manner, advantageously make it possible for the middle layer and the cover layers to be aligned essentially in the same direction or essentially parallel to one another with regard to the direction of the wood fibers.

[0022] Due to the essentially identical or essentially parallel wood fiber directions of the core layer and the top layers, the structural improvement of the ceiling structure advantageously enables the ceiling structure to be configured with a comparatively small thickness or wall thickness in the vertical direction of the ceiling structure. This is particularly advantageous because the core layer and the top layers, which have essentially parallel wood fiber directions, can be considered as complementary structurally.

[0023] In preferred embodiments, only the core layer, the cover layers, and the intermediate layers are structurally effective in the ceiling structure. In other words, preferably only the core layer, the cover layers, and the intermediate layers contribute to providing a statically relevant load-bearing capacity through the ceiling structure.

[0024] Preferably, the ceiling structure does not have any additional structural elements besides the core layer, the cover layers, and the intermediate layers. In particular, the present ceiling structure may not have any cavities provided with structural elements, nor may it have any other fills, which are particularly incorporated into cavities of one of the core layers, the cover layers, and the intermediate layers. In particular, the ceiling structure may not have any metal beams, in particular steel beams.

[0025] In exemplary embodiments, the core layer can in particular comprise or consist of softwood, in particular comprise or consist of solid softwood. In particular, the core layer can, for example, comprise or consist of spruce, pine, larch, Douglas fir and / or fir, in particular comprise or consist of solid wood made of spruce, pine, larch, Douglas fir and / or fir. In preferred embodiments, the core layer, in particular the solid wood of the core layer, can in particular comprise or consist of spruce. Solid wood made of or with spruce is advantageously easier to process in ceiling construction due to its comparatively low resin content compared to larch, pine and fir.

[0026] In alternative embodiments, the middle layer, in particular the solid wood of the middle layer, may alternatively or additionally comprise or consist of hardwood, in particular beech, oak, birch and / or ash.

[0027] In exemplary embodiments, one or each cover layer of the pair of cover layers can, in particular, comprise or consist of hardwood, in particular comprise or consist of solid hardwood. In particular, the cover layer(s) can, for example, comprise or consist of beech, oak, birch, and / or ash, in particular comprise or consist of solid beech, oak, and / or ash. In preferred embodiments, the cover layer(s) or the solid wood of the cover layer(s) can, in particular, comprise or consist of beech.

[0028] In alternative embodiments, the cover layer(s), in particular the solid wood of the cover layer(s), may alternatively or additionally comprise or consist of softwood.

[0029] In preferred embodiments, an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can in particular comprise or consist of softwood, in particular comprise or consist of solid wood made of softwood. In particular, an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can, for example, comprise or consist of spruce, pine, larch, Douglas fir and / or fir, in particular comprise or consist of solid wood made of spruce, pine, larch, Douglas fir and / or fir. In preferred embodiments, an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers, in particular the solid wood of one intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers, can in particular comprise or consist of spruce and / or pine.

[0030] In alternative embodiments, an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers, in particular the solid wood of one intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers, can alternatively or additionally comprise or consist of hardwood, in particular beech, oak, birch, and / or ash. Further alternatively or additionally, an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can comprise or consist of a material other than wood, for example, a metal.

[0031] In exemplary embodiments of the ceiling structure, the middle layer can in particular comprise or consist of a softwood, the intermediate layers can comprise or consist of a softwood or hardwood, and the cover layers can comprise or consist of a hardwood.

[0032] In other exemplary embodiments of the ceiling structure, the middle layer may in particular comprise or consist of a hardwood, the intermediate layers may comprise or consist of a softwood or hardwood, and the cover layers may comprise or consist of a softwood.

[0033] The essentially parallel alignment of the wood fiber directions of the middle layer and the cover layers advantageously enables the middle layer and the cover layers in particular to complement each other structurally, i.e. with regard to stiffness and / or strength, whereby a predetermined stiffness and / or strength of the ceiling structure can be provided while at the same time maintaining a thin construction of the ceiling structure.

[0034] In preferred embodiments, an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers comprises glue. An intermediate layer can comprise glue, in particular, on a side or surface facing the middle layer and / or on a side or surface facing a respective cover layer.

[0035] Thus, the middle layer can advantageously be connected, in particular materially connected, to at least one pair of intermediate layers by means of the intermediate layers containing glue, and then to a pair of cover layers to form the ceiling structure, wherein the middle layer and the cover layers can be aligned to one another in a freely selectable manner in order to advantageously interact structurally.

[0036] In further preferred embodiments, an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can comprise wood, in particular solid wood, wherein a wood fiber direction of the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can differ from the wood fiber direction of the middle layer and / or the top layer. In exemplary embodiments, the wood fiber direction of the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can differ from the wood fiber direction of the middle layer and / or the top layer in a range of approximately 20° to approximately 90°, preferably in a range of approximately 40° to approximately 90°, more preferably in a range of approximately 60° to approximately 90°, and particularly preferably by approximately 90°.In other words, the wood fiber direction of the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can particularly preferably be approximately perpendicular to the wood fiber direction of the middle layer and / or the cover layers.

[0037] The difference in the wood fiber direction of an intermediate layer refers in particular to a direction which is rotated in a plane parallel to the wood fiber direction of the middle layer and / or the top layer(s) compared to the wood fiber direction of the middle layer and / or the top layer(s).

[0038] An orientation of an intermediate layer that differs from the wood fiber direction of the middle layer and / or the cover layers advantageously enables a coherent connection of the middle layer with the at least one pair of intermediate layers and with the pair of cover layers to form the ceiling structure, in preferred embodiments in particular a form-fitting connection combined with a material-fit connection to form the ceiling structure.

[0039] In addition, the different orientation of an intermediate layer compared to the middle layer and / or the top layer advantageously enables the force not only to be transferred between the middle layer and the top layers, but in particular to be advantageously distributed between the middle layer and the top layers.

[0040] In the following, various terms are used repeatedly, the understanding of which is intended to be facilitated by the following definitions.

[0041] Solid wood: The term solid wood refers to wood that is unlayered. Solid wood, therefore, does not include layered or compressed wood, such as compressed wood, chipboard, veneer, or similar. Solid wood, as used here, refers to solid wood. In other words, the term solid wood refers specifically to wood whose cross-section has been carved from a single tree trunk. Solid wood or a solid wood element, as used here, can be, in particular, a squared timber, a beam, a board, etc.

[0042] Thickness or height direction: The thickness direction or height direction essentially represents a direction in which the middle layer, the intermediate layers and the cover layers are layered relative to one another. In other words, the thickness direction or height direction of the ceiling structure represents a direction that is essentially perpendicular to the ceiling structure, and in particular essentially perpendicular to the middle layer, the intermediate layers and / or the cover layers. In further other words, the thickness direction or height direction represents a direction in which a wall thickness or thickness of the ceiling structure is typically measured in the construction industry, which corresponds in particular to the direction in which different floors of a typical building are arranged relative to one another.

[0043] Thus, the pair of cover layers, which are arranged in a sandwich-like manner around the middle layer, can be arranged, in other words, encompassing the middle layer, particularly in the thickness direction or height direction of the ceiling structure. Furthermore, an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can be arranged, in particular in the thickness direction or height direction of the ceiling structure, between the middle layer and a cover layer of the pair of cover layers.

[0044] The thickness direction of the ceiling structure does not necessarily correspond to the direction in which the thickness of a solid wood element is measured. However, depending on the arrangement of a solid wood element in a particular layer, the thickness of a solid wood element can also be measured essentially in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure. In other words, the thickness direction, as used here, refers in particular to the ceiling structure.

[0045] Longitudinal direction: The longitudinal direction essentially represents a direction that can correspond, in particular, to the grain direction or the wood fiber direction of a solid wood element. Contrary to the thickness direction, the longitudinal direction therefore does not refer to the ceiling structure, but rather to the respective solid wood element itself. Starting with a conventional elongated solid wood element, which has a length greater than a width and, in turn, a width greater than a thickness of the solid wood element, the longitudinal direction represents, in particular, the direction of the greatest extent of the solid wood element.

[0046] Width direction: The width direction essentially represents a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the grain direction or wood fiber direction of a solid wood element, and thus in particular a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the solid wood element. Like the longitudinal direction, the width direction therefore relates in particular to the solid wood element itself. Based on a conventional elongated solid wood element, which has a length greater than a width and in turn a width greater than a thickness of the solid wood element, the width direction particularly represents the direction of the second-largest extension of the solid wood element.

[0047] The longitudinal direction and the width direction together with the thickness direction of a solid wood element can in particular form a right-hand system.

[0048] Fire protection class: A specified fire protection class represents, in particular, a fire resistance class measured according to DIN 4102-2, in particular with the building material class classification according to DIN 4102-1, whereby the numerical value reflects, in particular, the value according to REI. An example fire protection class F 30 B represents the fire resistance class F 30 for a fundamentally combustible building material B that retains its thermal insulation function for 30 minutes in the event of a fire. In other words, a ceiling structure with fire protection class F 30 B represents, in particular, a fundamentally combustible building material due to its material properties, which retains its thermal insulation function for at least 30 minutes in a defined fire situation. If a minimum fire protection class is mentioned below, this means the stated fire protection class or fire resistance class, whereby at least the specified numerical value in minutes, or higher, is achieved.

[0049] Glue: In the present context, glue is generally understood to mean an adhesive that is particularly suitable for bonding two adjacent layers together. In exemplary embodiments, the glue can be configured to bond adjacent layers together in such a way that they are detachably connected in a non-destructive manner. In alternative embodiments, the glue can be configured to enable non-destructive detachment of bonded, adjacent layers. Furthermore, in exemplary embodiments, the glue can be a water-soluble glue, but in alternative embodiments it can also be an at least non-water-soluble glue. For example, the glue can be a polyurethane-based glue, a melamine resin-based glue, or a similar glue.

[0050] Setting time: The setting time or setting duration describes the dwell time of the glue, in particular of a resin and hardener system, on a solid wood element, wherein the solid wood element comprises a predetermined wood, and wherein, upon expiration of the setting time or setting duration, the glue reaches a preferred predetermined tackiness. Due to the respective different combinations of wood of a solid wood element plus, if applicable, resin and hardener, as well as other environmental conditions, such as temperature and / or humidity, a predetermined glue, at least with respect to a predetermined solid wood element, has a different setting time or setting duration, essentially related to the respective wood.

[0051] If a direction or an angle is described with the addition "essentially" or "approximately" or "approximately", this addition shall mean or be understood to mean, in particular, a deviation from the direction or angle in question in the range from 0° to 5°.

[0052] If a spatial measure, a spatial ratio or any other ratio is described with the addition "essentially" or "approximately" or "approximately", this addition shall mean or be understood to mean, in particular, a deviation from the measure or ratio in question in the range of 0% to 10%.

[0053] If a temperature is specified with the addition "substantially" or "approximately" or "approximately", this addition shall mean or be understood to mean a deviation from the temperature in question in the range from 0% to 5%, in particular in the range from 0% to 2%, with respect to its equivalent in Kelvin.

[0054] In preferred embodiments of the ceiling structure, the ceiling structure may comprise a first cover layer and a second cover layer forming the pair of cover layers, a first intermediate layer disposed between the middle layer and the first cover layer, and a second intermediate layer disposed between the middle layer and the second cover layer.

[0055] The first intermediate layer and the second intermediate layer can in particular form at least one pair of intermediate layers.

[0056] In other words, the ceiling structure can have five layers, in particular exactly five layers, wherein the ceiling structure has a middle layer, wherein the ceiling structure further has a pair of cover layers consisting of a first cover layer and a second cover layer, wherein the first cover layer and the second cover layer of the pair of cover layers comprise solid wood, and wherein the first cover layer and the second cover layer of the pair of cover layers are arranged in a sandwich manner around the middle layer, and wherein the ceiling structure has a pair of intermediate layers consisting of a first intermediate layer and a second intermediate layer, wherein the first intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers is arranged between the middle layer and the first cover layer of the pair of cover layers, wherein the second intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers is arranged between the middle layer and the second cover layer of the pair of cover layers,and wherein the first intermediate layer and the second intermediate layer firmly bond the middle layer to the respective first and second cover layers. Preferably, a wood fiber direction of the middle layer can substantially correspond to a wood fiber direction of the first and second cover layers of the pair of cover layers, so that the middle layer and the first and second cover layers of the pair of cover layers interact in a structurally similar direction.

[0057] In alternative embodiments, a plurality of first intermediate layers may be arranged between the middle layer and the first cover layer and / or a plurality of second intermediate layers may be arranged between the middle layer and the second cover layer.

[0058] It is understood that the designation as first and second intermediate layer and as first and second cover layer is merely exemplary, so that it is also possible for the first intermediate layer to be arranged between the middle layer and the second cover layer, and for the second intermediate layer to be arranged between the middle layer and the first cover layer.

[0059] In preferred embodiments of the ceiling structure, at least one cover layer of the pair of cover layers can have a greater rigidity than the middle layer.

[0060] By sandwiching the cover layers around the middle layer and aligning them with the middle layer in terms of the wood fiber direction, the configuration of at least one cover layer of the pair of cover layers with greater rigidity enables the middle layer and thus the ceiling structure to be advantageously reinforced or stiffened by means of the cover layers. The advantageous reinforcement or stiffening of the middle layer and thus of the ceiling structure further enables the ceiling structure to be used as a ceiling, in particular as a room ceiling, as the floor of a room and / or as a roof truss section of a multi-story building, which can in particular be considered to be subject to bending loads, wherein an increase in the thickness or wall thickness of the ceiling structure is prevented with increasing building height in order to ensure a certain rigidity and / or strength.

[0061] Furthermore, the at least one cover layer, which is stiffer than the middle layer, enables the ceiling structure to be configured with sufficient stiffness and / or strength in a particularly economical manner, wherein compared to a single layer, for example corresponding to the middle layer made of solid wood, a smaller construction volume is required in order to provide the ceiling structure with a predetermined stiffness and / or strength.

[0062] This also advantageously allows the ceiling structure to not have to have cavities provided with stiffening means, which for example contain metal supports or other fill, thus ensuring a small required construction volume through the ceiling structure.

[0063] As a result, the present ceiling structure is particularly suitable for forming a ceiling, in particular a room ceiling, a floor of a room and / or a section of a roof truss of a multi-story building, in particular a wooden house or wooden building.

[0064] In preferred embodiments, both cover layers of the pair of cover layers may have a greater stiffness than the middle layer.

[0065] In further preferred embodiments, one cover layer or both cover layers of the pair of cover layers can have greater rigidity than the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers. In particular, one cover layer or both cover layers of the pair of cover layers can comprise a solid wood with greater rigidity than a wood or solid wood that the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers have.

[0066] This advantageously improves the structurally aligned interaction of the middle layer with the cover layers, while the intermediate layers of the pair of intermediate layers are preferably aligned differently or transversely to the middle layer and / or to the cover layers and ensure the connection between the middle layer and the cover layers.

[0067] In preferred embodiments of the ceiling structure, the middle layer may be thicker than at least one cover layer of the pair of cover layers.

[0068] The formation of the middle layer thicker than at least one cover layer of the pair of cover layers makes it possible to advantageously stiffen and / or strengthen the ceiling structure by means of the at least one possibly particularly stiff and / or strong cover layer, so that in the case of a ceiling structure that is essentially subjected to bending loads, an overall height of the ceiling structure can be advantageously reduced, which in turn ensures and / or will ensure economical production of a sufficiently stiff and / or strong ceiling structure with an overall low thickness.

[0069] In exemplary embodiments, the middle layer may be thicker than one or more, in particular all, of the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers.

[0070] Furthermore, in exemplary embodiments, one or both cover layers of the pair of cover layers may each be thicker than an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers.

[0071] The middle layer and / or the at least one cover layer, which is thicker than an intermediate layer, additionally promotes the aligned structural interaction of the middle layer with the cover layers, which each have substantially the same wood fiber direction, while the at least one intermediate layer ensures the connection as well as force transmission and force distribution between the middle layer and the cover layers.

[0072] Furthermore, in exemplary embodiments, the middle layer can be approximately 2.0 to approximately 50 times thicker than an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers. A ratio of approximately 50 increases the structural influence of the middle layer on the ceiling structure. In contrast, a ratio of approximately 2.0 allows the middle layer to provide a comparatively large structural influence on the ceiling structure, while the intermediate layer ensures a favorable force distribution between the middle layer and the top layer.

[0073] Additionally or alternatively, in exemplary embodiments, the middle layer can be approximately 1.5 to approximately 20 times thicker than a cover layer of the pair of cover layers. The preferred thickness ratio between the cover layer and the middle layer can be oriented, in particular, toward a predetermined stiffness and / or strength to be provided by the cover structure, and can also take economic and / or ecological considerations into account.A large thickness ratio of the middle layer to the top layer, i.e. up to about 20, means that on the one hand the top layer has a comparatively small volume and thus a low cost share in the ceiling structure, and only a small amount of solid wood has to be felled for it, and on the other hand the top layer has a great influence on the stiffness and / or strength of the ceiling structure due to the large distance of the top layer to a central axis around which the ceiling structure bends as a ceiling or floor.In contrast, a low thickness ratio of the middle layer to the top layer, i.e., up to about 1.5, means that the top layer has a comparatively large volume and thus a large cost share in the ceiling structure, a correspondingly high proportion of solid wood has to be felled for it, and that the top layer is configured from the outset to have a major influence on the stiffness and / or strength of the ceiling structure.

[0074] Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, in exemplary embodiments, a cover layer can be approximately 1.2 to approximately 25 times thicker than an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers. A ratio of approximately 25 increases the structural influence of the cover layer on the ceiling structure. In contrast, a ratio of approximately 1.2 allows the cover layer to provide a comparatively large structural influence on the ceiling structure, while the intermediate layer ensures a favorable force distribution between the middle layer and the cover layer.

[0075] InIn preferred embodiments, the cover layers of the pair of cover layers are approximately the same thickness. Additionally or alternatively, in preferred embodiments, the intermediate layers of a pair of intermediate layers of the at least one pair, wherein the one pair of intermediate layers can be determined in particular by a predetermined distance from the central layer, can be approximately the same thickness. In particularly preferred embodiments, the ceiling structure can be constructed approximately symmetrically in the thickness direction or in the height direction, in particular symmetrically with respect to a layering of the layers and / or symmetrically with respect to the thickness of the layered layers.

[0076] In embodiments of the ceiling structure, the middle layer has relief grooves, wherein the relief grooves preferably comprise a plurality of relief grooves which are arranged spaced apart from one another in a thickness direction of the ceiling structure.

[0077] The relief grooves in the core layer advantageously reduce or even prevent crack formation and crack propagation in the core layer when a bending load is applied to the core layer, which leads to different strains on opposite sides in the thickness direction of the core layer, without significantly reducing the strength of the core layer. This also advantageously allows the core layer to be made thicker than the other layers, making the ceiling structure particularly economical to manufacture. Consequently, the inclusion of relief grooves ensures, in particular, a beneficial longevity of the core layer itself and the ceiling structure as a whole.

[0078] In exemplary embodiments, the middle layer comprises a plurality of solid wood members or solid wood elements, such as solid wood boards, which are arranged next to one another, in particular arranged next to one another in a plane that is substantially perpendicular to the thickness direction of the middle layer or the ceiling structure. The relief grooves can in particular be introduced or arranged on a side of a solid wood element that faces another solid wood element, in particular a laterally adjacent solid wood element of the middle layer. Furthermore, the relief grooves introduced or arranged on one side of the solid wood element can be spaced from one another in the height or thickness direction of the ceiling structure.

[0079] By introducing a plurality of relief grooves, preferably spaced apart in the thickness direction of the middle layer, on one side of a solid wood element of the middle layer, stress peaks in the middle layer, in particular in the comparatively thick middle layer, can be preferably reduced and the longevity of the middle layer and thus of the ceiling structure can be increased, while ensuring economical manufacturability of the ceiling structure.

[0080] Furthermore, the relief grooves advantageously promote a thermally insulating effect of the ceiling structure through the air pockets created or through the air ducts created at least in sections, as well as a vapor-permeable construction of the ceiling structure, thereby improving moisture removal. Better moisture removal also enables the ceiling structure to create an indoor climate that reduces or prevents permanently damp ceilings and the formation of condensation on the ceiling.

[0081] In exemplary embodiments, the relief grooves can extend continuously along one side of a solid wood element of the core layer. In other words, the relief grooves can each extend continuously across the ceiling structure, in particular, at a certain height of the core layer, they can extend continuously through the core layer essentially perpendicular to the thickness or height direction.

[0082] In alternative embodiments, the relief grooves may have a sectionally interrupted course and, in other words, in particular, may not extend continuously through the central layer.

[0083] The relief grooves have a cross-section that is essentially flat and wider than it is high. In other words, the relief grooves have a substantially flat cross-section transverse to their respective extension direction, with the cross-section of the relief groove being wider than it is high with respect to the height or thickness direction of the ceiling structure.

[0084] This advantageously makes it possible for a larger circumference of the relief grooves to be provided with a comparatively identical volume reduction of the middle layer due to the relief grooves. In other words, the relief grooves preferably have a substantially flat cross-section, which provides an enlarged circumference for improved diffusion openness with a comparatively identical structural removal on the solid wood element of the middle layer. In exemplary embodiments, the relief grooves can have a width to thickness or height ratio in the range of approximately 1.5 to approximately 12.0, preferably in the range of approximately 3.0 to 7.0. For example, for a middle layer approximately 8 cm to 15 cm thick, a respective relief groove can have a relief groove width of approximately 8 mm to approximately 1.6 cm and a relief groove thickness of approximately 1.5 mm to approximately 4 mm.

[0085] In preferred embodiments of the ceiling structure, the middle layer, the at least one pair of intermediate layers and the pair of cover layers can be glued to the layers adjacent in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure.

[0086] By gluing the layers adjacent in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure—that is, the middle layer, the at least one intermediate layer of at least one pair of intermediate layers, and the cover layer of the pair of cover layers—a material-to-material bond is advantageously provided between the layers of the ceiling structure. The material-to-material bond can particularly advantageously be provided in addition to a positive and / or non-positive connection of the adjacent layers in order to enable advantageous load transfer and load distribution between the layers, in particular between the middle layer and the cover layers.

[0087] In preferred embodiments, the adhesive comprises a melamine resin, in particular a melamine resin and hardener system. In particular, the adhesive can consist of a melamine resin and hardener system. The adhesive comprising a melamine resin or a melamine resin and hardener system advantageously promotes moisture transport during and after curing. In other words, a melamine resin or a melamine resin and hardener system as an adhesive advantageously improves the permeability of the ceiling structure, i.e., moisture transport through the ceiling structure.

[0088] In alternative embodiments, the adhesive may comprise additional or different adhesives, which may, for example, be resin-and-hardener systems, but are not limited to them, such as a polyurethane (PU) resin or a polyurethane resin-and-hardener system. While a polyurethane resin-and-hardener system is generally less permeable to diffusion than a melamine resin-and-hardener system, it allows for lower-energy curing.

[0089] In exemplary embodiments, solid wood elements of the middle layer can be glued laterally to one another and glued on opposite sides in the thickness direction to an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers.

[0090] In preferred embodiments, the solid wood elements of the middle layer can be glued to an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers only on the sides of the solid wood elements of the middle layer that are opposite in the thickness direction.

[0091] In other words, in preferred embodiments, the middle layer can have a plurality of solid wood elements layered next to one another. The majority of the solid wood elements of the middle layer can in particular be layered next to one another without being connected, i.e. can be layered next to one another without any glue applied between them. Preferably, solid wood elements of the plurality of solid wood elements of the middle layer can each be connected to adjacent intermediate layers in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure by means of glue or by means of gluing. In particularly preferred embodiments, for this purpose, only the intermediate layers can be provided with glue, in particular on a side facing the middle layer.

[0092] Furthermore, the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can be or become bonded to a respective adjacent cover layer of the pair of cover layers in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure by means of glue or by means of gluing. If the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers comprise wood, in particular solid wood, they can in particular be layered next to one another and can optionally be glued laterally adjacent or be layered side by side without being bonded laterally.

[0093] Furthermore, in preferred embodiments, the cover layers of the pair of cover layers can comprise a plurality of solid wood elements layered next to one another. The majority of solid wood elements of the respective cover layer can be layered next to one another, either connected or unconnected. Preferably, solid wood elements of the plurality of solid wood elements of the cover layer can each be connected to adjacent intermediate layers in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure by means of glue or by means of gluing.

[0094] In exemplary embodiments, when the glue comprises or is a resin-and-hardener system, a solid wood element of one of the layers of the ceiling structure can be coated with a resin, particularly in sections, preferably selectively, by passing the solid wood element through a glue or resin shower, or by guiding or moving it through a resin shower. The resin can advantageously be applied to and / or adhere to the solid wood element in a distributed manner.

[0095] In preferred embodiments, a solid wood element can be guided and / or moved through the resin shower, in particular at an angle or incline or at an angle, so that the resin shower is configured to provide a plurality of sides of the solid wood element, in particular a gluing side and a narrow side, with resin, in particular in sections, preferably at specific points, by means of a single passage and / or movement of the solid wood element through the resin shower.

[0096] In exemplary embodiments, a solid wood element of a cover layer of the pair of cover layers can be provided with glue by passing and / or passing it through the resin shower once, i.e., preferably in particular a single time. As a result, preferably only one side of a top and bottom side of the solid wood element, in other words, a gluing side, and only one side of one of two lateral sides of the solid wood element, in other words, a narrow side, are provided with resin, in particular in sections, preferably selectively.

[0097] In further exemplary embodiments, a solid wood element of the intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can be provided with glue by being guided and / or moved through the resin shower at least once, i.e. preferably at least once only. As a result, preferably at least one side of a top and bottom side of the solid wood element (gluing side) and at least one side of one of two lateral sides of the solid wood element (narrow side) are provided with resin, in particular in sections, preferably at specific points. In preferred embodiments, a solid wood element of the intermediate layer can be provided with glue exactly once.

[0098] In alternative embodiments, a solid wood element of the intermediate layer can be provided with glue several times, i.e. guided and / or moved through the resin shower several times, in particular provided with glue twice.

[0099] While the one-time application of glue to a solid wood element of the intermediate layer allows for a particularly economical application of glue to the solid wood element of the intermediate layer or a particularly economical application of glue to a solid wood element of the intermediate layer, the two-time application of glue to a solid wood element of the intermediate layer allows for a particularly secure connection between the top layer and the middle layer by means of the intermediate layer.

[0100] Preferably, when applying glue to the solid wood element of the intermediate layer twice, the solid wood element can be applied with glue rotated by 180° each time. In other words, when applying glue twice, the solid wood element of the intermediate layer can be rotated, in particular, about its longitudinal direction or its wood fiber direction, in particular by 180°, between the respective times of applying glue.

[0101] In further preferred embodiments, the provision of glue to the solid wood element, in particular the solid wood element of the intermediate layer with glue, can in particular comprise an inclination of the solid wood element relative to a direction of application of glue, in particular an inclination of a width direction of the solid wood element relative to the direction of application of glue, in particular without being perpendicular to the direction of application. In other words, the provision of glue to the solid wood element can in particular comprise the provision of glue to an inclined solid wood element, in particular a solid wood element inclined relative to the direction of application. In still other words, the provision of glue to the solid wood element can in particular comprise an inclination of the solid wood element during the provision of glue.

[0102] By tilting the solid wood element during application of glue, both the gluing side and the narrow side of the solid wood element can be advantageously glued simultaneously. The gluing side of the solid wood element is the side of the solid wood element that extends essentially in the width and length directions of the solid wood element. The narrow side of the solid wood element is the side of the solid wood element that extends essentially in the thickness and length directions of the solid wood element. The thickness direction of the solid wood element is the smaller or shorter side of the solid wood element compared to the width direction—in other words, the narrower side.

[0103] Tilting the solid wood element when applying glue to a solid wood element, particularly to a solid wood element in the intermediate layer, allows for the advantageous, economical application of glue to only one side of the top and bottom sides of the solid wood element (gluing side) and only one side of one of the two lateral sides of the solid wood element (narrow side) in the case of a single application of glue. On the other hand, tilting the solid wood element relative to the direction of glue application allows all four circumferential sides of the solid wood element to be glued when applying glue twice, thus ensuring a secure bond between the core layer and the top layer.

[0104] In further alternative embodiments, the aforementioned application of glue can be performed more than once, twice, three, or four times. Furthermore, in alternative embodiments, a solid wood element of the middle layer can be or has been provided with glue.

[0105] In preferred embodiments, in particular, only the cover layers of the pair of cover layers and the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can be or will be provided with glue, in particular only the solid wood elements of the cover layers of the pair of cover layers and the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can be or will be provided with glue. In other words, the layers of the present ceiling structure can be connected using glue, whereby the middle layer, in particular the solid wood elements of the middle layer, are not provided with glue before being connected to the intermediate layers.

[0106] By applying glue only to the intermediate layers and the top layers, the bonding of the core and top layers using the intermediate layers can be advantageously carried out in a time-saving manner. Furthermore, depending on the glue, specific setting times for the glue can be maintained for the various layers (core, intermediate, and top layers), which may depend on the type of wood used, thus ensuring a favorable bond between the core and top layers.

[0107] For example, a first top layer can be or be coated with glue, in particular a solid wood element of a first top layer can be or be coated with glue. This is particularly advantageous if the wood of the top layer has a comparatively long setting time for the glue, such as with a melamine resin on beech.

[0108] The first cover layer can then be draped or laid out, in particular draped or laid out such that solid wood elements of the first cover layer face each other in the width direction. An underside of the first cover layer can in particular form a side of the first cover layer and of the ceiling structure that is the lowest in the thickness direction. The underside of the first cover layer is preferably not provided with glue. The top side of the first cover layer, i.e. the side that is essentially perpendicular to the thickness direction of the ceiling structure, which side faces the middle layer and in other words is essentially opposite the underside in the thickness direction, can in particular be or become provided with glue.

[0109] A first intermediate layer can be draped or laid out over the first cover layer, wherein the first intermediate layer can have a bottom side facing the first cover layer in the thickness direction and a top side opposite in the thickness direction, which in other words faces the middle layer or faces the middle layer yet to be draped or laid out. The first intermediate layer can in particular comprise solid wood elements that face each other in the width direction and are or will be provided with glue on the top side, additionally or alternatively on the bottom side.

[0110] In exemplary embodiments, any additional intermediate layers may be draped or laid out on the first intermediate layer.

[0111] In preferred embodiments, the middle layer can be draped or laid out onto the first intermediate layer. The middle layer can have an underside which, in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure, faces the first intermediate layer, and an opposite upper side in the thickness direction, which in other words faces a second intermediate layer, or faces the second intermediate layer still to be draped or laid out. The middle layer can in particular comprise solid wood elements which face each other laterally. In exemplary embodiments, the solid wood elements of the middle layer can be aligned edgewise on the first intermediate layer in their width direction. In other words, the solid wood elements of the middle layer can be arranged with their respective width direction parallel to the thickness direction of the ceiling structure.In preferred embodiments, the solid wood elements of the middle layer are draped or laid out on the first intermediate layer without glue, in particular without glue.

[0112] In particular, a second intermediate layer can be draped or laid over the middle layer, wherein the second intermediate layer can have a bottom side facing the middle layer in the thickness direction and a top side opposite in the thickness direction, which in other words faces a second cover layer or faces the second cover layer yet to be draped or laid out. The second intermediate layer can in particular comprise solid wood elements that face each other in the width direction and are or will be provided with glue on the bottom side, additionally or alternatively on the top side.

[0113] The second cover layer of the pair of cover layers can then be draped over the second intermediate layer, in particular draped or laid out in such a way that solid wood elements of the second cover layer face each other in the width direction. An underside of the second cover layer can in particular form a side of the second cover layer that is the lowest in the thickness direction and, in other words, faces the second intermediate layer. The underside of the second cover layer is preferably provided with glue. The top side of the second cover layer, i.e. the side that is essentially perpendicular to the thickness direction of the ceiling structure, which side is opposite the underside of the second cover layer and, in other words, can form an upper side of the ceiling structure, can in particular not be or become provided with glue.

[0114] In exemplary embodiments, the ceiling structure can comprise five layers, in particular comprising, preferably in the thickness direction in this order from bottom to top, the first cover layer, the first intermediate layer, the middle layer, the second intermediate layer and the second cover layer.

[0115] In further exemplary embodiments, the ceiling structure can comprise a number other than five layers. For example, the ceiling structure can comprise 6, 7, 8, or 9 layers, without being limited thereto. In particular, the ceiling structure can comprise, preferably in the thickness direction in this order from bottom to top, a first cover layer, a first intermediate layer, one or more further first intermediate layers, a middle layer, a second intermediate layer, one or more further second intermediate layers, and a second cover layer.

[0116] The aforementioned application of glue or gluing may, in particular, comprise the application of resin. In particular, the aforementioned application of glue or gluing may comprise the application of resin from a resin-and-hardener system.

[0117] In preferred embodiments, a solid wood element of a cover layer of the pair of cover layers, a solid wood element of one or more intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers, and / or a solid wood element of the middle layer can be provided with a hardener in addition to being provided with glue or gluing.

[0118] In preferred embodiments, a solid wood element can be provided with hardener using a string method. In the string method, a glued solid wood element can preferably be provided with hardener string by string. The string-by-string provision of hardener can in particular comprise the application or attachment of spaced-apart sections, in particular string sections or strings with hardener. The spaced-apart sections or string sections or strings can in particular be spaced from one another in a spatial direction along a surface of a solid wood element. In the string method, for example, spaced-apart serpentine lines with hardener, parallel, spaced-apart lines with hardener, interrupted, spaced-apart lines with hardener, and / or point-shaped, spaced-apart sections with hardener can be applied or attached to or on the solid wood element, in particular the glued, in particular resin-coated, solid wood element.

[0119] The string method for applying or applying hardener ensures a favorable distribution of hardener on or around the solid wood element. This further ensures the adhesive adheres to the respective solid wood element, especially when the adhesive comprises a resin-and-hardener system.

[0120] In exemplary embodiments, the glue can comprise a melamine resin, in particular in combination with a melamine resin hardener as a melamine resin and hardener system. The aforementioned string method can in particular comprise the application or attachment of resin while maintaining a distance in a range from approximately 4 mm to approximately 12 mm, preferably in a range from approximately 6 mm to approximately 10 mm, particularly preferably of approximately 8 mm. The aforementioned distances represent preferred distances for an exemplary glue comprising a melamine resin in combination with a melamine resin hardener, so that a resource-saving and essentially area-covering effective bond can be produced.

[0121] In preferred embodiments of the ceiling structure, the ceiling structure can have at least fire protection class F 30 B.

[0122] By configuring the ceiling structure with a fire protection class of at least F 30 B, a ceiling structure is advantageously provided which is suitable for a multi-story building, in particular for a multi-story building which is essentially made of or with wood.

[0123] An example fire protection class that is higher than F 30 B for the existing ceiling structure can be F 60 B, F 90 B or F 120 B.

[0124] By having the ceiling structure at least in fire protection class F 30 B, it is advantageously possible for the ceiling structure to comprise combustible material, in particular wood, on the one hand, but on the other hand the ceiling structure retains its thermal insulation function for 30 minutes or longer in the event of a fire.

[0125] In preferred embodiments of the ceiling structure, at least one of the cover layers of the pair of cover layers can have at least partially closed pores.

[0126] By having at least one of the cover layers of the pair of cover layers closed pores, it is advantageously possible for less or even no resin or other potentially fire-promoting substances to escape from the cover layer in the event of a fire, so that the ceiling structure provides advantageous fire protection by means of the at least one cover layer with closed pores.

[0127] In preferred embodiments of the ceiling structure, at least one of the cover layers of the pair of cover layers can be ground and / or dried, preferably dried at a temperature of at least about 58°C.

[0128] Sanding at least one of the two facing layers advantageously enhances the fire protection properties of the ceiling structure. Sanding the facing layer reduces the surface area available to the fire in the event of a fire, making it relatively difficult for the facing layer and thus the ceiling structure to catch fire.

[0129] Drying the top layer and / or ceiling structure, especially at a temperature of 58 °C, advantageously allows proteins in the wood to denature, making them unavailable as food for potential pests. Thus, drying the top layers and / or ceiling structure advantageously increases the longevity of the ceiling structure.

[0130] In preferred embodiments of the ceiling structure, the middle layer, one or more intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers and / or one or both cover layers of the pair of cover layers have or have a moisture content in the range of about 4% to about 12%, preferably a moisture content in the range of about 6% to about 9%, wherein the moisture content is preferably present before gluing the layers of the ceiling structure.

[0131] By ensuring a moisture content of one or more of the layers in the range of approximately 4% to approximately 12%, cracking of the respective layer during use can be advantageously reduced or prevented. Ensuring a moisture content in the range of approximately 6% to approximately 9% further increases the likelihood of reducing or preventing cracking of a respective layer during use.

[0132] If the respective moisture content is already determined before gluing the respective layers or solid wood elements which are configured to form the respective layers, the gluing is further advantageously improved, whereby in particular the curing time can be adjusted comparatively precisely and, moreover, shortened.

[0133] In exemplary embodiments, the solid wood elements are air-dried for several weeks to reduce a moisture content in the wood and in particular to achieve a moisture content in the range specified above or close to the range specified above, for example from about 20% to about 15%.

[0134] In further exemplary embodiments, the solid wood elements may be stored in a conditioning chamber for a predetermined time to achieve the moisture content in the range of about 4% to about 12%, preferably in the range of about 6% to about 9%.

[0135] In preferred embodiments, the solid wood elements can be conditioned by means of conditioning, in particular in a conditioning chamber, such that they reach a temperature of at least 58 °C and a moisture content in the range of about 4% to about 12%, preferably in the range of about 6% to about 9%.

[0136] The conditioning of the solid wood elements can be carried out especially before the solid wood elements are glued together.

[0137] By drying the solid wood elements, in particular the solid wood elements of the cover layer, to a temperature of at least 58 °C, the pores can advantageously be reduced or dried out, whereby moisture absorption of the respective layers and in particular of the cover layers during use is advantageously made more difficult.

[0138] A further aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing a ceiling structure, in particular a ceiling structure according to the preceding aspect, the method comprising the steps: Providing a plurality of solid wood elements to form a middle layer; Providing a plurality of solid wood elements to form at least one pair of intermediate layers; Providing a plurality of solid wood elements to form a pair of cover layers; Gluing the solid wood elements forming the respective layers by means of an adhesive, in particular in the thickness direction, -- wherein the solid wood elements to form a pair of cover layers are aligned substantially in the same wood fiber direction as a wood fiber direction of the solid wood elements of the middle layer, -- wherein the solid wood elements to form a pair of cover layers are arranged in a sandwich-like manner around the solid wood elements to form the middle layer;and -- wherein the solid wood elements for forming at least one intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers to be formed are each arranged between the solid wood elements for forming the middle layer and the solid wood elements for forming a cover layer of the pair of cover layers to be formed and the middle layer; pressing the solid wood elements forming the middle layer, the intermediate layers, and the cover layers; and curing the glue. ;

[0139] The present method for producing a ceiling structure, which is suitable, for example, for forming a ceiling, in particular a roof truss section, a room ceiling, or a room floor of a building, advantageously provides a method for cost-effective production of an improved ceiling structure, in particular a structurally improved wood-based ceiling structure. Thus, in particular, the substantially aligned wood fiber directions of the middle layer and the cover layers of the pair of cover layers provide an advantageously structurally reinforced ceiling structure.

[0140] The preferred, exemplary and alternative embodiments of the ceiling structure and its effects described above relate equally to the method for producing a ceiling structure and vice versa.

[0141] The gluing of the solid wood elements forming the respective layers by means of an adhesive, in particular in the thickness direction, particularly relates to gluing the solid wood elements forming the respective layers such that the respective layers are glued together on mutually facing sides, in particular sides facing in the thickness direction. In other words, the gluing of the solid wood elements forming the respective layers by means of an adhesive, in particular in the thickness direction, particularly relates to gluing the middle layer, the at least one pair of intermediate layers, and the pair of cover layers to one another, in particular in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure, i.e., in particular on sides facing one another in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure, using an adhesive.

[0142] The gluing of the solid wood elements forming the respective layers by means of a glue, in particular in the thickness direction, can in particular relate to gluing the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers to the middle layer, and gluing the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers to a cover layer adjacent to the respective intermediate layer, so that the middle layer, the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers and the cover layers of the pair of cover layers are glued to one another, in particular in the thickness direction.

[0143] In preferred embodiments, the pressing of the solid wood elements forming the middle layer, the intermediate layers and the cover layers comprises in particular a hot pressing of the solid wood elements forming the middle layer, the intermediate layers and the cover layers.

[0144] Hot pressing advantageously enables the pressing of the respective solid wood elements and a parallel curing of the glue by means of heat, so that a advantageously rapid setting and curing of the glue is possible.

[0145] Hot pressing is particularly suitable for pressing solid wood elements, which is achieved using a melamine resin-based glue. Advantageously, hot pressing enables a particularly environmentally friendly pressing process, with comparatively low emissions during curing.

[0146] In alternative embodiments, the pressing of the solid wood elements forming the middle layer, the intermediate layers and the cover layers can in particular be a high-frequency pressing of the solid wood elements forming the middle layer, the intermediate layers and the cover layers.

[0147] High-frequency pressing advantageously enables the pressing of the respective solid wood elements and a parallel curing of the glue using high frequency, similar to a microwave.

[0148] High-frequency pressing is particularly suitable for pressing solid wood elements, which is done using a polyurethane-based glue.

[0149] In Embodiments of the method for producing a ceiling structure, the method further comprises: Introduction of relief grooves into at least some of the majority of solid wood elements to form the middle layer.

[0150] In In preferred embodiments of the method for producing a ceiling structure, the method may further comprise: - at least sectionally sanding at least some of the plurality of solid wood elements to form a cover layer of the pair of cover layers; and / or - drying at least some of the plurality of solid wood elements to form a cover layer of the pair of cover layers, preferably at a temperature of at least 58°C; and / or - drying one or more solid wood elements to form the middle layer, to form the pair of cover layers and / or to form the at least one pair of intermediate layers, such that the one or more solid wood elements have a moisture content in the range of approximately 4% to approximately 12%, preferably a moisture content in the range of approximately 6% to approximately 9%, in particular before gluing the solid wood elements forming the respective layers.

[0151] In further preferred embodiments of the method for producing a ceiling structure, the step of gluing the solid wood elements forming the respective layers by means of a glue, in particular in the thickness direction, can in particular comprise: - applying the glue to a first plurality of solid wood elements to form a first cover layer of the pair of cover layers; - laterally adjacent arranging the first plurality of solid wood elements to form the first cover layer of the pair of cover layers; - applying the glue to a first plurality of solid wood elements to form a first intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers; laterally adjacent arranging the first plurality of solid wood elements to form the first intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers on the solid wood elements to form the first cover layer, in particular on a side of the solid wood elements that has glue to form the first cover layer;Laterally adjacent arrangement of the plurality of solid wood elements to form the middle layer on the solid wood elements to form the first intermediate layer, in particular on a side of the solid wood elements that has glue to form the first intermediate layer; Applying the glue to a second plurality of solid wood elements to form a second intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers; Laterally adjacent arrangement of the second plurality of solid wood elements to form the second intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers on the solid wood elements to form the middle layer, in particular with a side of the solid wood elements that has glue to form the first intermediate layer on the solid wood elements to form the middle layer; Applying the glue to a second plurality of solid wood elements to form a second cover layer of the pair of cover layers;and laterally adjacently arranging the second plurality of solid wood elements to form the second cover layer of the pair of cover layers on the solid wood elements to form the second intermediate layer. ;

[0152] The present gluing steps illustrate that, in particular, the top layers and the intermediate layers are glued or bonded. This advantageously allows for the individual adjustment of the timing of the top layers after the glue has been applied. In other words, the resting time of the top layers with the applied glue, i.e., the time before the top layer comes into contact with an intermediate layer, can be individually adjusted for each top layer. This also allows for different setting times of the glue between a top layer and an intermediate layer to be taken into account.

[0153] On the other hand, arranging the solid wood elements of the middle layer without having to apply glue to them beforehand allows for easier handling of the solid wood elements and, furthermore, a particularly rapid arrangement of the solid wood elements of the middle layer on the solid wood elements of the first intermediate layer. This advantageously allows the solid wood elements of the intermediate layer and the middle layer to be glued together, even if they have similar curing times, in particular comparatively short curing times.

[0154] By means of the present preferred method for gluing the layers of the ceiling structure, it is thus advantageously possible for the first and second cover layers to be provided with a corresponding duration or rest period for a particularly long setting time for the glue to be absorbed. This is particularly advantageous when the cover layers comprise a hardwood, in particular beech. Furthermore, the present method for gluing the layers of the ceiling structure advantageously enables the first and second intermediate layers as well as the middle layer to have a comparatively short setting time, as is the case with softwoods, in particular spruce or pine, for example, without significantly impairing the adhesion between the layers.

[0155] In further preferred embodiments, a step of gluing or a step of applying the glue may in particular comprise a drop-by-drop application of resin, in particular melamine resin, and / or a line-by-line application of hardener, in particular melamine resin hardener.

[0156] Furthermore, the line-by-line application of hardener can in particular comprise the line-by-line application of hardener to a resin-coated solid wood element.

[0157] The application of hardener in cords may in particular comprise the application of spaced-apart cords or cord-shaped sections of hardener.

[0158] Embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying figures. It is understood that the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and that individual features of the embodiments can be combined to form further embodiments within the scope of the appended claims.

[0159] It shows: Figure 1 shows an oblique view of a sketched section of a ceiling structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 shows a sketch for applying glue according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 shows a sketch for applying hardener according to an embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 4 shows a flow chart illustrating a method for producing a ceiling structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0160] Fig. 1shows an oblique view of a sketched section of a ceiling structure 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The section of the ceiling structure 10 as in Fig. 1shown can advantageously serve as a ceiling, in particular as a roof truss section, as a room ceiling or a room floor of a building, in particular a multi-story building. The ceiling structure 10 as a whole can have any extension according to a building in which it is to be installed. For example, the ceiling structure 10 can have an extension in a width direction B and in a longitudinal direction L, in particular in the range of approximately 3 meters up to approximately 7 meters or more. It is understood that the present ceiling structure is also suitable for smaller ceilings as well as for larger ceilings and, for example, for use as a roof truss section, can be shorter than approximately 3 meters in at least the longitudinal direction L or the width direction B. The thickness of the ceiling structure 10 in the thickness direction D can be in a range from approximately 8 cm to approximately 80 cm, in particular in the range from approximately 15 cm to approximately 40 cm, but is not limited thereto.The thickness of the ceiling structure 10 in the thickness direction D can be predetermined in particular based on a desired strength and / or rigidity in combination with a predetermined division of cover layers 30 and middle layer 20 of the ceiling structure 10.

[0161] The Fig. 1 reproduced directions of the thickness direction D, the width direction B and the longitudinal direction L essentially initially relate to the ceiling structure 10, so that the ceiling structure 10 extends essentially in the longitudinal direction L and the width direction B, for example between four walls of a building, and extends in the thickness direction D with its thickness, which can be divided in particular into different layers 20, 30, 31, 32, 40, 41, 42.

[0162] Further in Fig. 1For example, the extension directions of the wood fibers, in other words the fiber directions FRd1, FRd2, FRm, FRz1, FRz2 of the respective layers 20, 30, 31, 32, 40, 41, 42 and solid wood elements 25, 35, 45, are shown by means of a double arrow. The middle layer 20 and in particular the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 have the fiber direction FRm, which can in particular correspond approximately to a longitudinal direction or a direction of a longitudinal extension of the individual solid wood elements 25. Fig. 1 The fiber direction FRm of the middle layer 20 shown is, for example, approximately parallel to the width direction B of the ceiling structure 10. The first cover layer 30, 31 and in particular the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 30, 31 have or have the fiber direction FRd1, which in particular can correspond approximately to a longitudinal direction or a direction of a longitudinal extension of the individual solid wood elements 35. Fig. 1The fiber direction FRd1 of the first cover layer 30, 31 shown is, for example, approximately parallel to the width direction B of the ceiling structure 10, and can furthermore be approximately parallel to the fiber direction FRm of the middle layer 20. The second cover layer 30, 32 and in particular the solid wood elements 35 of the second cover layer 30, 32 have or have the fiber direction FRd2, which can in particular correspond approximately to a longitudinal direction or a direction of a longitudinal extension of the individual solid wood elements 35. Fig. 1The fiber direction FRd2 of the second cover layer 30, 32 shown is, for example, approximately parallel to the width direction B of the ceiling structure 10, and can furthermore be approximately parallel to the fiber direction FRm of the middle layer 20. The first intermediate layer 40, 41 and in particular the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 40, 41 have or have the fiber direction FRz1, which can in particular correspond approximately to a longitudinal direction or a direction of a longitudinal extension of the individual solid wood elements 45. Fig. 1The fiber direction FRz1 of the first intermediate layer 40, 41 shown is, for example, approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction L of the ceiling structure 10, and can furthermore be in particular approximately perpendicular to the fiber direction FRm of the middle layer 20 and / or approximately perpendicular to the fiber direction FRd1 of the first cover layer 30, 31. The second intermediate layer 40, 42 and in particular the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 40, 42 have or have the fiber direction FRz2, which can in particular correspond approximately to a longitudinal direction or a direction of a longitudinal extension of the individual solid wood elements 45. Fig. 1 The fiber direction FRz2 of the second intermediate layer 40, 42 shown is, for example, approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction L of the ceiling structure 10, and can furthermore be in particular approximately perpendicular to the fiber direction FRm of the middle layer 20 and / or approximately perpendicular to the fiber direction FRd2 of the second cover layer 30, 32.

[0163] As in Fig. 1merely indicated, the layers 20, 30, 31, 32, 40, 41, 42 which form the ceiling structure 10 can in particular each comprise solid wood or solid wood elements 25, 35, 45 which, when arranged one after the other or next to one another, span a respective layer 20, 30, 31, 32, 40, 41, 42.

[0164] As in Fig. 1 As shown, the ceiling structure 10 can have a cover layer 30, in particular a first cover layer 31, as the lowest layer in the thickness direction D of the ceiling structure 10. The cover layer 30 and in particular the first cover layer 31 is preferably formed by a plurality of solid wood elements 35 of the cover layer 30, in other words, by a plurality of individual solid wood elements 35.

[0165] The solid wood elements 35 of the cover layer 30, preferably both the first cover layer 31 and the second cover layer 32, can in particular have approximately the same thickness. As in Fig. 1As shown, the solid wood elements 35 of the cover layer 30, in particular of the first cover layer 31 and the second cover layer 32, can have, relative to a solid wood element 35, an extension in the longitudinal direction which is greater than an extension in the width direction, which in turn is greater than an extension in the thickness direction. The thickness direction of the solid wood element 35 can in particular correspond approximately to the thickness direction D of the ceiling structure 10. The longitudinal direction of the solid wood element 35 can, without being limited thereto, in particular approximately correspond to the Fig. 1 The width direction B of the ceiling structure 10 shown may correspond to or be parallel to it. The width direction of the solid wood element 35 may correspond, without being limited thereto, in particular approximately to the width direction shown in Fig. 1 correspond to the longitudinal direction L of the ceiling structure 10 shown or be parallel to it.

[0166] The solid wood elements 35 of the top layer 30 can, as in Fig. 1shown, in particular arranged next to one another, i.e. arranged facing one another in the width direction of the solid wood elements 35. In preferred embodiments, but without being limited thereto, the cover layer 30 can be or become formed in the thickness direction D in particular by means of a single solid wood element 35. In alternative embodiments, and in particular depending on the actual thickness of the cover layer 30, the cover layer 30 can also be or become formed in the thickness direction D by several solid wood elements 35.

[0167] In preferred embodiments, however, as not explicitly stated in Fig. 1 As shown, the solid wood elements 35 of the cover layer 30 can be or become glued together in the direction in which they face each other. In other words, the solid wood elements 35 of the cover layer 30 can be or become glued together, in particular on the side facing each other.

[0168] The first and second cover layers 31, 32 can, as in Fig. 1 shown, in particular with regard to the thickness direction D of the ceiling structure, form or represent outer or outermost layers. Furthermore, the first cover layer 31 and the second cover layer 32 can in particular be arranged substantially symmetrically to one another in the ceiling structure 10, in particular substantially symmetrical with regard to their thickness in the thickness direction D and / or substantially symmetrical with regard to the orientation of their wood fiber direction. The symmetry of the first and second cover layers 31, 32 can in particular relate to a plane of symmetry which forms the middle layer 20, in particular relate to an imaginary plane of symmetry which forms a middle plane in the thickness direction D in the middle layer 20.

[0169] How to continue in Fig. 1As shown, the ceiling structure 10 can have an intermediate layer 40, in particular a first intermediate layer 41, following the first cover layer 35 in the thickness direction D. The intermediate layer 40 and in particular the first intermediate layer 41 is preferably formed by a plurality of solid wood elements 45 of the intermediate layer 40, in other words, by a plurality of individual solid wood elements 45.

[0170] The solid wood elements 45 of the intermediate layer 40, preferably both the first intermediate layer 41 and the second intermediate layer 42, can in particular have approximately the same thickness. As in Fig. 1As indicated, the solid wood elements 45 of the intermediate layer 40, in particular of the first intermediate layer 41 and the second intermediate layer 42, can have, relative to a solid wood element 45, an extension in the longitudinal direction which is greater than an extension in the width direction, which in turn is greater than an extension in the thickness direction. The thickness direction of the solid wood element 45 can in particular correspond approximately to the thickness direction D of the ceiling structure 10. The longitudinal direction of the solid wood element 45 can, without being limited thereto, in particular approximately correspond to the Fig. 1 The width direction of the solid wood element 45 may correspond to the longitudinal direction L of the ceiling structure 10 shown or be parallel thereto. The width direction of the solid wood element 45 may correspond, without being limited thereto, in particular approximately to the Fig. 1 correspond to the width direction B of the ceiling structure 10 shown or be parallel to it.

[0171] In other words, the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 can be arranged or aligned substantially perpendicular to the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 31. In other words, the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 can be arranged or aligned substantially perpendicular to the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 31, in particular with respect to the wood fiber direction FRd1 or the longitudinal direction. In alternative embodiments, the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 can be arranged or aligned rotated relative to the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 31, in particular in a plane parallel to a plane spanned by the Fig. 1shown directions, longitudinal direction L and width direction B, are arranged or aligned rotated with respect to the wood fiber direction or the longitudinal direction to the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 31. The solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 can be arranged or aligned rotated or differently aligned with respect to the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 31, in particular in a range from approximately 20° to approximately 90°, preferably from approximately 40° to approximately 90°, more preferably from approximately 60° to approximately 90°, and particularly preferably from approximately 70° to approximately 90°.By means of the solid wood elements 45 of the intermediate layer 40 being arranged or aligned in a twisted manner relative to the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 31, a positive connection can be provided, wherein the intermediate layer 40, in particular the first intermediate layer 41, enables an advantageous force distribution between the middle layer 20 and the cover layer 30, in particular between the middle layer 20 and the first cover layer 31.

[0172] The solid wood elements 45 of the intermediate layer 40 can, as in Fig. 1shown, in particular be arranged next to one another, i.e. be arranged facing one another in the width direction of the solid wood elements 45. In preferred embodiments, but without being limited thereto, the intermediate layer 40 in the thickness direction D can be or become formed in particular by means of a single solid wood element 45. In alternative embodiments, and in particular depending on the actual thickness of the intermediate layer 40, the intermediate layer 40 in the thickness direction D can also be or become formed by several solid wood elements 45.

[0173] In preferred embodiments, and as in Fig. 1As shown, the solid wood elements 45 can be glued in the direction in which they face one another. In other words, the solid wood elements 45 of the intermediate layer 40 can be provided with glue 50, in particular on the side facing one another, and can be or be glued to one another on the side facing one another. Alternatively or additionally, the first intermediate layer 41 and / or the second intermediate layer 42 can have glue 50 at least on one side facing the middle layer 20 in the thickness direction D. Further alternatively or additionally, the first intermediate layer 41 and / or the second intermediate layer 42 can have glue 50 at least on one side facing away from the middle layer 20 in the thickness direction D, i.e. on the side facing the cover layers 30.

[0174] The first and second intermediate layers 41, 42 can, as in Fig. 1shown, in particular with regard to the thickness direction D of the ceiling structure, form or represent layers lying between a respective cover layer 31, 32 and the middle layer 20. Furthermore, the first intermediate layer 41 and the second intermediate layer 42 can in particular be arranged substantially symmetrically to one another in the ceiling structure 10, in particular be substantially symmetrical with regard to their thickness in the thickness direction D and / or be aligned substantially symmetrically with regard to their wood fiber direction. The symmetry of the first and second intermediate layers 41, 42 can in particular relate to a plane of symmetry which forms the middle layer 20, in particular relate to an imaginary plane of symmetry which forms a middle plane in the thickness direction D in the middle layer 20.

[0175] How to continue in Fig. 1As shown, the ceiling structure 10 can have the middle layer 20 following the first intermediate layer 41 in the thickness direction D. The middle layer 20 is preferably formed by a plurality of solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20, in other words, by a plurality of individual solid wood elements 25.

[0176] The solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can in particular have approximately the same extension in the thickness direction D. As in Fig. 1 As indicated, the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20, in each case relative to themselves, can have an extension in the longitudinal direction which is greater than an extension in the width direction, which in turn is greater than an extension in the thickness direction. The thickness direction of the solid wood element 25 can in particular correspond approximately to the longitudinal direction L of the ceiling structure 10. The longitudinal direction and in particular the Fig. 1shown grain direction FRm of the solid wood element 25 can, without being limited thereto, in particular approximately correspond to the direction shown in Fig. 1 The width direction B of the ceiling structure 10 shown may correspond to or be parallel to it. The width direction of the solid wood element 25 may correspond, without being limited thereto, in particular approximately to the width direction shown in Fig. 1 correspond to or be parallel to the thickness direction D of the ceiling structure 10 shown.

[0177] In other words, the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can be arranged or aligned substantially perpendicular to the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41. In further other words, the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can be arranged or aligned substantially perpendicular to the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41, in particular with respect to the wood fiber direction FRm or the longitudinal direction. In alternative embodiments, the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can be arranged or aligned in a manner that is rotated or differently aligned to the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41, in particular in a plane spanned parallel to a plane by the Fig. 1shown directions, longitudinal direction L and width direction B, are arranged or aligned rotated with respect to the wood fiber direction FRm or the longitudinal direction to the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41. Thus, the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 can be arranged or aligned rotated or differently aligned with respect to the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20, in particular in a range from approximately 20° to approximately 90°, preferably from approximately 40° to approximately 90°, more preferably from approximately 60° to approximately 90°, and particularly preferably from approximately 70° to approximately 90°.By means of the solid wood elements 25 being rotated or differently arranged or aligned with respect to the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41, a positive connection can be provided, wherein the intermediate layer 40, in particular the first intermediate layer 41, enables an advantageous force distribution between the middle layer 20 and the cover layer 30, in particular between the middle layer 20 and the first cover layer 31.

[0178] The solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can, as in Fig. 1shown, in particular be arranged adjacent to one another in their thickness direction, i.e. be arranged facing one another in the thickness direction of the solid wood elements 25. In preferred embodiments, but without being limited thereto, the middle layer 20 can be and / or become formed in the thickness direction D in particular by means of a single solid wood element 25. In alternative embodiments, and in particular depending on the actual thickness of the middle layer 20, the middle layer 20 can also be or become formed in the thickness direction D by several solid wood elements 25.

[0179] In exemplary embodiments, but not explicitly stated in Fig. 1 As shown, the solid wood elements 25 can be or become glued together in the direction in which they face each other. In other words, the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can be or become glued together, particularly on the side facing each other.

[0180] In preferred embodiments, the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can be stacked or layered in the direction in which they face each other, in particular dry, i.e., without any glue between them. Alternatively or additionally, the middle layer 20 can have glue on at least one side facing the intermediate layers 40 in the thickness direction D.

[0181] The middle layer 20 can, as in Fig. 1shown, in particular centrally with respect to the thickness direction D of the ceiling structure. In other words, the middle layer 20 can be arranged, in particular in the thickness direction D, between a first pair of intermediate layers 40, in particular in the thickness direction D between the first intermediate layer 41 and the second intermediate layer 42. The wood fiber direction FRm of the middle layer 20 can preferably substantially correspond to the wood fiber direction FRd1, FRd2 of the first and / or the second cover layer 31, 32 or be parallel thereto. Accordingly, the wood fiber direction FRm of the middle layer 20 can be substantially perpendicular to the wood fiber direction FRz1, FRz2 of the first and / or the second intermediate layer 41, 42, or at least rotated relative to the wood fiber direction FRz1, FRz2 of the first and / or the second intermediate layer 41, 42.

[0182] How to continue in Fig. 1As shown, in the thickness direction D, the middle layer 20 is followed from bottom to top by, in particular, the second intermediate layer 42, and this in turn by the second cover layer 32. The solid wood elements 45 and 35 of the respective intermediate layer 42 and cover layer 32 can preferably be aligned substantially in accordance with those of the first intermediate layer 41 and in particular the first cover layer 31.

[0183] The Fig. 1The ceiling structure 10 thus sketched by way of example comprises, in particular, five layers, which are aligned such that the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 and the solid wood elements 35 of the cover layers 30, 31, 32 are essentially aligned in the same direction and thus support each other structurally in the same direction. The intermediate layers 40, 41, 42 of the at least one pair of intermediate layers 40 advantageously support and connect the cover layers 30, 31, 32 to the middle layer 20 in a form-fitting and / or cohesive manner and, due to their preferably twisted alignment, enable, in particular, a particularly advantageous force distribution and force transmission between the cover layers 30, 31, 32 and the middle layer 20.

[0184] As further exemplified in Fig. 1As shown, the middle layer 20 can have one or more relief grooves 24. Preferably, the middle layer 20 can have a plurality of relief grooves 24 spaced apart in the thickness direction D of the ceiling structure 10. In exemplary embodiments, the middle layer 20 can have one or at least two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen or more relief grooves 24 spaced apart from one another in the thickness direction D.

[0185] As in Fig. 1 As shown, but not limited to, each solid wood element 25 of the middle layer 20 may have one or more relief grooves 24. Alternatively, only individual solid wood elements 25 of the plurality of solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 may have one or more relief grooves 24.

[0186] The relief grooves 24 can, for example, extend continuously along the longitudinal direction of a solid wood element 25 of the middle layer 20, or can extend interrupted or in sections along the longitudinal direction of a solid wood element 25 of the middle layer 20.

[0187] The relief grooves 24 advantageously increase the flexibility, serve as crack stoppers and also improve the diffusion openness of the ceiling structure 10. In exemplary embodiments, however, as not shown in Fig. 1 As shown, one or more solid wood elements 45 of the intermediate layer 40 can also have at least one relief groove, and / or one or more solid wood elements 35 of the cover layer 30 can have at least one relief groove.

[0188] The Fig. 1The relief grooves 24 shown are each arranged on a side of a solid wood element 25 of the middle layer 20, which faces another solid wood element 25. A solid wood element 25 of the middle layer 20 can have the relief grooves 24 facing other solid wood elements 25 on both sides, or only on one of the sides facing the other two solid wood elements 25.

[0189] The respective solid wood elements 25, 35; 45 can be connected in their respective longitudinal direction to one or both sides to two further respective solid wood elements 25, 35, 45. For example, several solid wood elements 25, 35, 45 can be galvanized together in the longitudinal direction of a respective solid wood element 25, 35, 45.

[0190] Fig. 2shows a sketch for applying glue 50 to a solid wood element, using as an example a solid wood element 35, 45 of a cover layer 30 and / or an intermediate layer 40 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The solid wood elements 35, 45 on the as in Fig. 2 shown glue 50 is applied can be used especially as solid wood elements for the Fig. 1 shown layers.

[0191] Contrary to the representation in Fig. 2 , the solid wood elements 35, 45 do not have to be the same size to be in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0192] As in Fig. 2 As illustrated, glue 50 can be applied or applied in particular in spots or sections to a solid wood element 35, 45. The Fig. 2The solid wood elements 35, 45 shown can be moved and / or driven for applying or applying glue 50, in particular by means of a glue shower or resin shower, in order to apply or apply glue 50 in a point-like manner or in sections on at least one side of the solid wood element 35, 35. The movement and / or driving can in particular take place in a direction perpendicular to the sheet on which the Fig. 2 is depicted, i.e. into the sheet or into the figure or out of the sheet or out of the figure.

[0193] The Fig. 2 The application direction A of the glue 50 shown essentially corresponds to a top-bottom direction and can be determined in particular by the weight of the glue 50, which is dispensed or applied, for example, from a nozzle, a valve, or the like.

[0194] As in Fig. 2As shown, the solid wood element 35, 45, which is provided with glue 50, can be inclined relative to the application direction A of the glue 50. In particular, the solid wood element 35, 45, which is provided with glue 50, can be inclined relative to the application direction A of the glue 50 without being arranged perpendicular to the application direction of the glue 50.

[0195] In preferred embodiments, the solid wood element 35, 45 can be inclined with an upper or lower side (gluing side), in other words with a side which is formed substantially perpendicular to the thickness or thickness direction of the solid wood element 35, 45, relative to the application direction A, preferably in a range of approximately 20° to approximately 80°, particularly preferably by approximately 60°.

[0196] As in Fig. 2As shown, the inclination of the solid wood element 35, 45 relative to the application direction A allows at least two of the four sides of the solid wood element 35, 45 to be provided with glue 50 at the same time, in particular that a gluing side and a narrow side of the solid wood element 35, 45 can be provided with glue 50 at the same time. Fig. 2 The shorter side facing the glue 50 represents the narrow side, and the longer side facing the glue 50 represents the gluing side. The end faces of a solid wood element 35, 45 do not necessarily have to be provided with glue 50 and should not be encompassed by the aforementioned two or four sides of the solid wood element 35, 45.

[0197] If all four sides of a solid wood element 35, 45 are to be provided with glue 50, i.e., all sides of the solid wood element 35, 45 except for the two end faces, the glue 50 can advantageously be applied or applied in only two passes or passes through the solid wood element 35, 45 through the glue spray. Tilting the solid wood elements 35, 45 when applying or applying glue 50 therefore advantageously increases the process efficiency of the manufacturing method and, when applying or applying glue 50, allows the glue 50 to be distributed integrally, at least in sections, on the solid wood element 35, 45 due to gravity, which in turn improves the process efficiency of the manufacturing method of the ceiling structure 10, particularly in terms of time.

[0198] Although the Fig. 2essentially refers to solid wood elements 35, 45 of the top layer 30 and the intermediate layer 40, it can equally refer to solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20, provided that these are to be provided with glue 50.

[0199] Fig. 3 shows a sketch for applying hardener 60 to an exemplary solid wood element 35, 45, according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the solid wood element 35, 45 is in particular a solid wood element for forming the ceiling structure 10, as in Fig. 1 Furthermore, the Fig. 3 The solid wood element 35, 45 shown must have been provided with resin or glue 50, in particular before applying or applying hardener 60, in particular according to Fig. 2 .

[0200] As in Fig. 3As shown, the hardener 60, as an exemplary part of a resin-and-hardener system of a glue 50, can be applied or applied in strings to or onto a solid wood element 35, 45. In other words, the hardener 60 can be applied or applied along lines or imaginary lines or strings, in particular along lines or strings spaced apart from one another, to or onto the solid wood element 35, 45. The lines or strings of hardener 60 can each have a hardener spacing 62 from one another, in particular in one direction, such as a width direction or a length direction of the solid wood element 35, 45.The application of hardener 60 in strings while maintaining a hardener spacing 62 between the respective strings of hardener 60 advantageously enables economical application of hardener 60 to the solid wood element 35, 45, while ensuring advantageously distributed adhesion of glue 50 to the solid wood element 35, 45. The hardener spacing 62 can depend in particular on the resin-and-hardener system of the glue 50, and, for example, additionally on the particular wood comprising the solid wood element 35, 45.

[0201] In preferred embodiments, the Fig. 2 The application of glue 50 shown in FIG. 1 may in particular comprise the application of melamine resin 50. Furthermore, the Fig. 3The illustrated application of hardener 60 may in particular include the application of melamine resin hardener 60. The melamine resin and hardener system advantageously provides a diffusion-open resin and hardener system, which enables, or at least comparatively slightly hinders, the diffusion of moisture through the ceiling structure 10.

[0202] Although the Fig. 3 essentially refers to solid wood elements 35, 45 of the top layer 30 and the intermediate layer 40, it can equally refer to solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20, provided that these are to be provided with hardener 60.

[0203] Fig. 4 shows a flow chart illustrating a method for producing a ceiling structure 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. By means of the Fig. 4 The steps described can be, in particular, as in Fig. 1 shown, ceiling structure 10 can be produced.

[0204] The method for producing a ceiling structure 10 according to Fig. 4 includes in particular the steps: S11: - Providing a plurality of solid wood elements 25 to form a Middle position 20; - Providing a plurality of solid wood elements 45 to form at least one pair of intermediate layers 40; - Providing a plurality of solid wood elements 35 to form a pair of cover layers 30; S12: - Gluing the solid wood elements forming the respective layers 20, 30, 40 25, 35, 45 by means of a glue 50, in particular in the thickness direction D, -- wherein the solid wood elements 35 are arranged to form a pair of Top layers 30 essentially in the same wood grain direction FRd1, FRd2 are aligned, like a wood fiber direction FRm of the Solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20, - -- wherein the solid wood elements 35 are arranged to form a pair of Cover layers 30 sandwiched around the solid wood elements 25 to form the Middle layer 20 are arranged; and -- wherein the solid wood elements 45 are arranged to form at least one Intermediate layer 40 of the at least one pair of Intermediate layers 40 between the solid wood elements 25 to form the middle layer 20 and the solid wood elements 35 to form a top layer 30 of the pair of cover layers 30 to be formed; S13: - Pressing the middle layer 20, the intermediate layers 40 and the cover layers 30 forming solid wood elements 25, 35, 45; S14: - Curing of the glue 50.

[0205] In exemplary embodiments, step S13 may in particular comprise the pressing of the solid wood elements 25, 35, 45 forming the middle layer 20, the intermediate layers 40 and the cover layers 30 by means of a hot press or a high-frequency press.

[0206] Furthermore, the hot press or the high-frequency press can be configured, in particular, to press the respective solid wood elements 25, 35, 45 together and to cure the applied glue 50. In other words, the hot press or the high-frequency press can be configured, in particular, to perform steps S13 and S14 simultaneously, i.e., to perform them in parallel.

[0207] The step S12 may in particular comprise the provision or application of glue 50 according to Fig. 2 and / or the application of Hardener 60 according to Fig. 3 include.

[0208] In preferred embodiments, without being limited thereto, in particular the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 31 can be sprayed once through the glue shower according to Fig. 2driven and / or moved. In other words, in particular the solid wood elements 35 can be configured to be provided with glue 50 once. When the solid wood elements 35 are provided with glue 50 once, the solid wood element 35 can in particular be inclined with respect to the application direction A, without being perpendicular thereto. In this way, one solid wood element 35 of a plurality of solid wood elements 35 can advantageously be provided with glue 50 on two sides to form the first cover layer 31. The solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 31 can thus be connected to one another in a material-to-material manner while lying next to one another and can have glue 50 facing the first intermediate layer 41 in the thickness direction D in order to be connected to the first intermediate layer 41 in a material-to-material manner.

[0209] The solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 can be sprayed once or twice through the glue shower according to Fig. 2driven and / or moved. In other words, the solid wood elements 45 can in particular be configured to be provided with glue 50 once or twice. When the solid wood elements 45 are provided with glue 50 once and / or twice, the solid wood element 45 can in particular be inclined with respect to the application direction A, without being perpendicular thereto. In this way, a solid wood element 45 of a plurality of solid wood elements 45 can advantageously be provided with glue 50 on at least two sides or up to four sides to form the first intermediate layer 41. The solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 can thus be connected to one another in a material-to-material manner while lying next to one another and can have glue 50 facing the first cover layer 31 in the thickness direction D and / or facing the middle layer 20 in the thickness direction D in order to be material-to-materially connected to the first cover layer 31 and / or the middle layer 20.The same applies to the solid wood elements 45 of the second intermediate layer 42 and to the solid wood elements 35 of the second cover layer 32.

[0210] The solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can in particular comprise or consist of a softwood, in particular spruce or pine. The solid wood elements 45 of the intermediate layers 40, 41, 42 can in particular comprise or consist of a softwood, in particular spruce or pine. The solid wood elements 35 of the intermediate layers 30, 31, 32 can in particular comprise or consist of a hardwood, in particular beech. The glue 50 can in particular comprise a resin-and-hardener system or a resin of a resin-and-hardener system, for example a melamine resin, which in turn can in particular be configured to form a melamine resin-and-hardener system with a melamine resin hardener. List of reference symbols

[0211] 10Ceiling structure 20Middle layer 24Relief groove 25Solid wood element of the middle layer 30Cover layer 31First cover layer 32Second cover layer 35Solid wood element of the cover layer 40Intermediate layer 41First intermediate layer 42Second intermediate layer 45Solid wood element of the intermediate layer 50Glue 60Hardener 62Hardener spacing AApplication direction BBidth direction of the ceiling structure DDickness direction or height direction of the ceiling structure FRd1Grain direction of the (first) cover layer FRd2Grain direction of the (second) cover layer FRmGrain direction of the middle layer FRz1Grain direction of the (first) intermediate layer FRz2Grain direction of the (second) intermediate layer LLongitudinal direction of the ceiling structure S11 to S14Steps of a method for producing a ceiling structure

Claims

1. Ceiling structure (10) for forming a ceiling, in particular a roof frame portion, of a ceiling or floor of a building, the ceiling structure (10) comprising: - a central layer (20), which comprises solid wood; - a pair of cover layers (30), wherein the cover layers (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30) comprise solid wood, and wherein the cover layers (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30) are arranged around the central layer (20) in a sandwich-like manner; and - at least one pair of intermediate layers (40), wherein at least one intermediate layer (40; 41; 42) of the at least one pair of intermediate layers (40) is arranged between the central layer (20) and a cover layer (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30) in each case and the central layer (20) is materially bonded to the relevant cover layer (30; 31; 32); - wherein a wood grain direction (FRm) of the central layer (20) substantially corresponds to a wood grain direction (FRd1; FRd2) of the cover layers (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30), such that the central layer (20) and the cover layers (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30) cooperate so as to be structurally aligned, characterized in that the central layer (20) comprises relief grooves (24), wherein the relief grooves (24) have a flat cross section transversely to their respective directions of extension, wherein the cross section of the relief groove (24) is wider than it is high in relation to a thickness direction (D) of the ceiling structure (10), in which the central layer (20), the intermediate layers (40) and the cover layers (30) are layered in relation to one another.

2. Ceiling structure (10) according to claim 1, wherein a first cover layer (30; 31) and a second cover layer (30; 32) form the pair of cover layers (30; 31; 32), and wherein a first intermediate layer (40; 41) is arranged between the central layer (20) and the first cover layer (30; 31) and a second intermediate layer (40; 42) is arranged between the central layer (20) and the second cover layer (30; 32).

3. Ceiling structure (10) according to any of claims 1 or 2, wherein at least one cover layer (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30) has a greater rigidity than the central layer (20).

4. Ceiling structure (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the central layer (20) is thicker than at least one cover layer (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30).

5. Ceiling structure (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the central layer (20) comprises coniferous wood, and wherein the cover layers (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30) comprise hardwood.

6. Ceiling structure (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the intermediate layers (40; 41; 42) of the at least one pair of intermediate layers (40) comprise coniferous wood, wherein a wood grain direction (FRz1; FRz2) of the intermediate layers (40; 41; 42) of the at least one pair of intermediate layers (40) is different from the wood grain direction (FRm) of the central layer (20).

7. Ceiling structure (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the relief grooves (24) comprise a plurality of relief grooves (24) which are arranged to be spaced apart from one another in the thickness direction (D) of the ceiling structure (10).

8. Ceiling structure (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the central layer (20), the at least one pair of intermediate layers (40) and the pair of cover layers (30) are glued to the adjacent layers in the thickness direction (D) of the ceiling structure (10).

9. Ceiling structure (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the ceiling structure (10) has at least the fire protection class F 30 B.

10. Ceiling structure (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the cover layers (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30) comprises closed pores at least in part.

11. Ceiling structure (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the cover layers (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30) is sanded and / or dried, preferably is dried at a temperature of at least approximately 58°C.

12. Ceiling structure (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the central layer (20), one or more intermediate layers (40; 41; 42) of the at least one pair of intermediate layers (40) and / or one or both cover layers (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30) has / have a moisture content in the range of approximately 4% to approximately 12%, preferably has / have a moisture content in the range of approximately 6% to approximately 9%, wherein the moisture content is preferably present before gluing the layers of the ceiling structure (10).

13. Method for producing a ceiling structure (10), the method comprising the steps of: - (S11) providing a plurality of solid wood elements (25) for forming a central layer (20); - providing a plurality of solid wood elements (45) for forming at least one pair of intermediate layers (40); - providing a plurality of solid wood elements (35) for forming a pair of cover layers (30); - (S12) gluing the solid wood elements (25; 35; 45) forming the respective layers (20; 30; 40) by means of a glue (50), in particular in the thickness direction (D), -- wherein the solid wood elements (35) for forming a pair of cover layers (30) are substantially aligned in the same wood grain direction (FRd1; FRd2) as a wood grain direction (FRm) of the solid wood elements (25) of the central layer (20), -- wherein the solid wood elements (35) for forming a pair of cover layers (30) are arranged around the solid wood elements (25) for forming the central layer (20) in a sandwich-like manner; and -- wherein the solid wood elements (45) for forming at least one intermediate layer (40; 41; 42) of the at least one pair of intermediate layers (40) to be formed are each arranged between the solid wood elements (25) for forming the central layer (20) and the solid wood elements (35) for forming a cover layer (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30) to be formed; - (S13) compressing the solid wood elements (25; 35; 45) forming the central layer (20), the intermediate layers (40) and the cover layers (30); and - (S14) curing the glue (50), wherein the method is characterized by - making relief grooves (24) in at least some of the plurality of solid wood elements (25) for forming the central layer (20), wherein the relief grooves (24) have a flat cross section transversely to their respective directions of extension, wherein the cross section of the relief groove (24) is wider than it is high in relation to a thickness direction (D) of the ceiling structure (10), in which the central layer (20), the intermediate layers (40) and the cover layers (30) are layered in relation to one another.

14. Method for producing a ceiling structure (10) according to claim 13, further comprising: - sanding at least some of the plurality of solid wood elements (35) for forming a cover layer (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30) at least in portions; and / or - drying at least some of the plurality of solid wood elements (35) for forming a cover layer (30; 31; 32) of the pair of cover layers (30), preferably at a temperature of at least 58°C; and / or - drying one or more solid wood elements (25; 35; 45) for forming the central layer (20), for forming the pair of cover layers (30) and / or for forming the at least one pair of intermediate layers (40) such that the one or more solid wood elements (25; 35; 45) has / have a moisture content in the range of approximately 4% to approximately 12%, preferably has / have a moisture content in the range of approximately 6% to approximately 9%, in particular before gluing the solid wood elements (25; 35; 45) forming the respective layers (20; 30; 40).

15. Method for producing a ceiling structure (10) according to any of claims 13 or 14, wherein the step of gluing comprises applying curing agent (60), in particular melamine resin curing agent, in a line.