Joint milling or cutting device with a drive with magnetic clutch and method for controlling it

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a joint milling or cutting device with a drive unit with magnetic clutch according to claim 1 and according to claim 14 a method for controlling it.

[0002] In road construction, joints cut or milled into the road surface are filled with grout. Furthermore, cracks caused by weathering, stress, or settlement must be sealed with permanently elastic grout to protect the road surface from further damage.

[0003] In order to fill joints, open seams and gaping cracks in asphalt surfaces with joint sealants, a pretreatment consisting of one or more of the following individual services is necessary: Cutting or milling out the joints, removing loose particles from the joint flanks, thermal treatment with blowing, drying and melting of the joint flanks, possibly treatment with primer.

[0004] The following technical equipment, among others, is available for the tasks listed: Joint brushes, joint milling machines, hot air devices (also called hot air lances), hand-operated grouting devices, agitator cookers, grouting machines, spraying machines with hand pump or motor-driven pump, repair trains and surface laying machines, grit spreaders.

[0005] As the above list shows, appropriately adapted technical tools are available for each of these tasks. Joint cutting tools are generally operated at a higher speed than joint milling tools or have a larger diameter saw blade; they usually work in a straight line. With joint milling tools, the milling disc allows for both wide and narrow cutouts, which can be straight or curved as desired.

[0006] German patent DE 9103718 U1 discloses, for example, a joint milling or cutting device with a two-axle carriage on which the necessary equipment, such as an internal combustion engine with reduction gear for driving the milling disc or saw blade and, if applicable, a cooling water tank and / or vacuum cleaner, is arranged, and with a device for adjusting the cutting depth of the milling disc or saw blade. For adjusting the cutting depth, an adjusting lever is provided, which allows the wheel or both wheels of an axle to pivot relative to the carriage about a transverse axis fixed to the carriage. A spring is suspended between the carriage and the adjusting lever and is dimensioned such that it lifts the carriage, and thus the milling disc or saw blade, upwards out of the joint.

[0007] Furthermore, DE 295 11 771 U1 discloses a joint milling plow or brushing machine with a three-axle carriage, which has drive wheels with a drive axle, a running wheel with a rigid axle, a swiveling steering wheel, and a tool, for example, a milling disc, arranged behind the wheels. During operation, the milling disc can be guided along the cracks in the road surface under visual control, and the cutting depth of the tool is adjusted using the guide handles, with fine adjustment being made using the height-adjustable running wheel. For safety reasons, the drive wheels are arranged so that when the operator releases the guide handles, the carriage is tipped forward onto the running wheels and steering wheel by the greater weight of the engine. This lifts the drive wheels off the road surface, causing the machine to stop and allowing it to be moved back and forth more quickly by hand.

[0008] Furthermore, a joint milling machine based on a kick scooter or a combined joint milling and grinding device based on a kick scooter is known from DE 103 48 481 B3 and DE 10 2004 050 183 B3, respectively. To enable easy tracking and control of the penetration depth, DE 103 48 481 B3 provides that the joint milling machine or cutter has: at least one front wheel consisting of two coaxially spaced individual wheels and one steerable rear wheel, which are connected to each other by means of a track, a guide rod connected to the track in the area of ​​the front wheel with a spring-loaded lever movable on it and a motor attached to the lever, which drives a milling cutter or milling disc arranged between the individual wheels of the front wheel, To lower and press down the milling cutter or milling disc, the operator, standing with one foot on the platform, operates the lever against the spring force.

[0009] Furthermore, DE 299 08 397 U1 discloses a hand-held device for milling pothole edges on asphalt surfaces and for milling off road markings. To create a milling device that is small, lightweight, and maneuverable, and that allows for angled milling, two wheels are pivotally mounted on a chassis. The two wheels are attached to a lever, which is mounted to the chassis via a joint and is pulled upwards by two springs attached elsewhere on the chassis. When the guide rod, which is movably connected to the chassis, is pushed downwards, the milling drum is pressed into the asphalt. When the guide lever is released, the springs immediately lift the milling drum out of the asphalt. To facilitate pressing the milling drum into the asphalt, the guide rod is connected to the lever arms by two levers via a joint.The milling tool, to which a gear is attached, is driven by a chain, which in turn is driven by a reduction gearbox powered by the machine's motor. By replacing the wheels on the left or right side with larger wheels, angled milling into the asphalt is made possible.

[0010] Furthermore, DE 298 20 188 U1 discloses a mobile joint cutter, particularly for making cuts in road surfaces or similar surfaces made of asphalt, concrete, or comparable building materials, which has a chassis frame with front and rear wheels, at least one sawing unit comprising a rotating saw blade that can be lowered into the working position via an adjustment device, and which can be driven by a drive motor. Specifically, it is provided that the front and rear wheels are steerable, with the steering movement being transmitted via a steering linkage connected to the wheels.

[0011] Furthermore, DE 203 12 712 U1 discloses a dust extraction device for a crack milling machine in which the milling material is extracted immediately before and after the milling cutter by means of suction funnels and suction hoses. The coarse milling material is collected in a suction container with a cyclone separator, and the remaining fine milling material is collected in a subsequent fine filter system with three flat filters arranged in series and a subsequent settling chamber for dust separation. Looking in the feed direction of the milling cutter, two suction hoses are arranged before and one suction hose after the milling cutter. The entire extraction system is operated by three suction motors, and after completion of the milling work, the collected material is emptied from the suction container via an opening door.

[0012] As described in DE 91 04 602 U1, a long lever arm acts on the joint cutter between the drive axle of the rear axle and the saw blade, which is rotatably and pivotably mounted in front of the chassis. This causes the saw cut to deviate laterally due to the resulting asymmetrical forces. To at least largely reduce this deviation, a further development of DE 38 15 640 A1 in the joint cutter according to DE 91 04 602 U1 involves arranging the saw blade laterally on the chassis, and at least one front wheel and one rear wheel are driven. This solution allows the saw blade to be positioned as close as possible to the driven front drive wheel. By simultaneously driving at least one of the two rear wheels, it is ensured that even if the driven front wheel loses contact with the ground, the rear wheel continues to provide a functioning drive and feed for the machine.In principle, it would be possible to achieve drive solely via one or both front wheels, thereby significantly reducing the lever arm and torque. However, due to the forces generated during sawing operations, particularly when the saw blade plunges into the material being cut, excessive feed rate of the joint cutter, or uneven ground, the front wheels lift off the ground and lose contact, making power transmission impossible. The lever arm, and thus the resulting asymmetrical forces, are smaller the closer the saw blade is to or between the two drive axles. Therefore, the axis of rotation of the saw blade should be positioned at least approximately in the vertical plane of the front axle. It is possible to arrange for the driven front wheel and the driven rear wheel to be located on the same side of the chassis as the saw blade.This significantly reduces the lever arm, and theoretically, if the saw blade axis is positioned exactly in the vertical plane of the front axle, it can become zero. The saw blade can be pivoted 180° around a horizontal axis via a pivoting mechanism, with the pivot axis located at least approximately midway between the front and rear axles. With this pivoting mechanism, the saw blade remains on the same side of the chassis but is pivoted from its front position to a rear position, allowing saw cuts to be made along the same travel path at both the front and rear edges without repositioning or reversing the joint cutter. Specifically, the pivoting mechanism comprises a pivot arm, one end of which is articulated to the pivot axis, and the other end of which carries the saw blade and its drive components.The drive motor axis for the saw blade can be positioned coaxially with the saw blade's pivot axis, with the drive connection to the saw blade being made via V-belts or toothed belts with corresponding V-belt or toothed belt pulleys on the drive motor axis and the saw blade's axis of rotation. The pivot arm is mounted on a flange positioned over the saw blade's drive motor shaft.

[0013] From DE102016001290 A1, a cost-effective, easy-to-use, and safe milling device or joint cutter is known for seams, connections, and edge formation of asphalt pavements or notch cuts in concrete slabs. This device allows for easy plunging into the surface, even at high tool speeds, with predefinable positive or negative angle settings and control of the penetration depth, while largely preventing dust generation and facilitating the disposal of fine dust. Complete coverage / protective hoods for the cutting blades or milling disc and increased vacuum for extraction are standard features.

[0014] Furthermore, DE102016001290 A1 discloses a mobile two-axle device with at least two drive motors and a drive motor for the tool for dry cutting in surfaces, with: a hydraulically adjustable cutting or milling mechanism via at least one hydraulic cylinder, which can be continuously immersed into the surface through a portal, a swivel plate with which the entire cutting or milling mechanism can be rotated on one axis by at least 180° in the horizontal plane, a locking mechanism which is attached to the cutting or milling mechanism for setting a positive or negative cutting angle, and a drive system which acts on at least the two wheels on the side of the cutting or milling mechanism, so that the movement of the device during the cutting or milling process is kept to a minimum.

[0015] The subject matter of DE102016001290 A1 is a two-stage cyclone extraction system, arranged vertically to save space. Compared to existing systems where the individual cyclones are arranged side by side, this system allows for dry cutting without dust spreading into the surrounding area. The dust containers—one for fine dust and one for ultrafine dust—can be changed quickly and easily using a simple lever mechanism. Specifically, the milling dust generated when cutting with diamond blades or carbide milling discs can be extracted (via a protective hood and connected hoses) and, through the filter system, first passed through a heavy-particle separator and then through a paper filter into a dust container located inside the machine. This container can be released from its locked position for emptying using the lever mechanism.To increase the negative pressure (suction pressure), a side channel blower (with a discharge opening) is used instead of a fan, as is conventional. This increases the negative pressure of conventional systems from 0.15 bar to up to 0.4 bar, resulting in a significantly higher suction capacity in conjunction with a protective hood consisting of a swiveling plate and a cover. Furthermore, side channel blowers are considerably quieter than fans. In the application of DE102016001290 A1, the cover is extendable, preferably designed with overlapping, sliding louvers, so that the protective hood extends almost to the surface.

[0016] Finally, DE 44 08 396 discloses a joint milling machine for milling butt joints between two adjacent floor slabs after installation. To configure it for largely automated operation, a self-propelled drive is provided, which supplies the necessary contact pressure and thus the feed. This results in an ideally uniform load distribution on the milling blade, significantly increasing its service life. Furthermore, a guide head is provided, which is guided in the joint ahead of the milling blade, so that the joint milling machine performs the milling process automatically after being placed on the floor. The guide head is also capable of automatically detecting the connecting joint in the event of a lateral joint offset, or of stopping the joint milling machine if such a connecting joint is not found. For this purpose, the guide head has a pendulum-type swivel arm, which carries a search wheel at its front end and a guide wheel opposite it.The pendulum swivel arm is connected to a steering shaft that rotates reversibly through a specific angle. This ensures that when the guide head exits the existing joint at a point with a joint offset, the guide head, and thus the joint milling machine as a whole, is deflected from its previous direction and, as a rule, quickly engages the connecting joint. The search wheel first reaches the connecting joint and engages with it. As a result of the continued rotation of the pendulum swivel arm, the trailing guide wheel is then also moved towards the groove until it finally engages there. The reversing rotation ensures that the guide head performs a search movement on both sides of the previous milling direction and finds the connecting joint even if the guide head is initially moved towards the side that does not have the connecting joint.Reversing the search movement is also necessary to prevent the joint milling machine from drifting further out of its original milling direction. In the event of a joint misalignment, this is compensated for by the slightly curved arc created by the spaced arrangement of the guide head and milling blade, making it virtually undetectable. The joint milling machine has a support frame that houses the milling blade, the self-propelled drive, and the guide head. Viewed from above, the support frame has a rectangular plan with a front cross member, two longitudinal cross members, and a rear cross member. A motor mount is attached to the rear cross member, which holds a drive motor. A carrying handle is attached to the support frame or the motor mount, allowing the joint milling machine to be lifted.A release button is integrated into the front of the carrying handle, positioned close to the center of gravity of the joint milling machine. This button interrupts the power supply when the machine is lifted. The drive motor is coupled to a drive shaft via a gearbox. The drive shaft is laterally supported in bearing blocks located at the rear of the longitudinal crossbeams. Drive wheels, arranged in a twin-gear configuration, are mounted on the drive shaft. Their axial position is precisely symmetrical to the joint. Opposite the drive wheels, on the other side of the drive shaft, is a support wheel. This support wheel is designed as a rotating support wheel, ensuring that the feed is achieved exclusively via the two drive wheels. The hubs of the drive wheels are designed as freewheel hubs, allowing the joint milling machine to be manually moved in the milling direction.The running surfaces of the wheels are made of rubber with a low Shore hardness, ensuring reliable traction on the floor plates. To increase operational safety, a safety stop bar can be provided, extending forward beyond the joint milling machine and coupled to a switch so that upon contact with an obstacle, the power supply is cut off and the joint milling machine is stopped.

[0017] From DE 10 2013 001715 A1, a floor cutting device is known, in particular with a motorized drive and at least one front wheel and at least one rear wheel. Specifically, a front section with the at least one front wheel is arranged at the front of the floor cutting device in the direction of travel, and a rear section with the at least one rear wheel is arranged at the rear of the floor cutting device in the direction of travel. Articulation means are provided between the front section and the rear section such that the front section and the rear section can be articulated relative to each other in a plane of travel of the floor cutting device, and at least one steering handle for manual steering of the floor cutting device by a person is provided on the rear section. This eliminates the need to lift the floor cutting device when changing its direction of travel. Steering is achieved by articulated axles.a part of the floor cutting device, wherein the part has a rear axle or a front axle, with a corresponding steering effect between the front and rear wheels.

[0018] Furthermore, DE 20 2016 007446 U1 discloses a guide carriage for a joint cutter with a motor-driven cutting wheel, comprising a chassis with wheels by which the joint cutter can be guided precisely on a circle with a tight radius to cut a clean circular joint. Specifically, a push bar attached to the chassis and a mounting frame pivotably mounted on the chassis about its longitudinal axis are provided. Means for attaching the joint cutter to the mounting frame are designed such that the axis of rotation of the cutting wheel runs transversely to the longitudinal axis of the mounting frame. Finally, a device for adjusting the angular position of the mounting frame relative to the chassis is provided.

[0019] Furthermore, US Patent 6,102,022A discloses a road cutting machine with a rotating cutting wheel having a generally horizontal axis of rotation, wherein the rotation of the cutting wheel is selectively controlled by a clutch either on the drive shaft of the motor or on a driven shaft of the cutting wheel, and wherein the clutch is activated by a dead man's switch. The clutch is preferably an electromagnetic clutch mounted on the drive shaft of the motor and selectively activated by the dead man's switch on a handle of the machine, which is designed and arranged to close when an operator grasps the handle. Upon activation or engagement, a pulley of the clutch rotates in sync with the drive shaft and transmits the torque from the motor via an endless flexible element to a driven shaft that carries the cutting wheel, thereby rotating the cutting wheel.When the handles are released, the clutch is de-energized or disengaged, thus decoupling the cutting wheel from the motor and allowing the machine to be left safely unattended with the motor running.

[0020] In a field unrelated to road construction, namely equipment for weed removal in joints or crevices of paved sidewalks or connecting joints, a weed milling machine is known from DE900071U1. The device, referred to as a weed milling machine, consists of a guide rod with an internal combustion engine mounted on top. The engine's drive shaft drives a wire brush mounted horizontally at the lower end of the guide rod via a toothed belt drive. The device is operated with both hands; one handle is attached to the top of the engine, and another, transversely positioned handle is fixed to the guide rod. The belt drive is enclosed by a protective tube that extends close to the wire brush. Alternatively, the device can be pneumatically driven. A pneumatic motor with a reduction gear is mounted laterally on the guide rod and, in turn, drives the wire brush mounted horizontally at the lower end of the guide rod via a belt drive.The compressed air supply is provided by a construction compressor and can be shut off by means of a valve. Alternatively, a standard electric drill can be used as a drive unit and is mounted in a clamping device attached to the guide rod at the clamping neck. In The drill spindle of the drilling machine is a vertical shaft clamped parallel to the guide rod and supported at its base. This shaft drives the transversely mounted wire brush via a bevel gear stage. Two support wheels are arranged on either side of the single shaft. The wire brush is oriented so that the wheels press against the road surface. All components are inclined at an acute angle to the road surface; the cutting depth of the wire brush in the joints is determined by raising or lowering the guide rod.

[0021] A similar weed joint milling machine is known from EP 3 456 197 A1. This machine may include a transparent protective hood for a brush tool, the hood having a marking for the position of the brush disc and protecting the operator from material splashing out of the joint. A motor unit comprises a housing in which a drive motor is arranged, in particular an electric motor. This results in a compact design, effectively protecting the drive motor and, in particular, a torque transmission device. It is advantageous if the torque transmission device includes at least one of the following: a speed reduction gear; a right-angle gearbox for redirecting torque; or a torque transmission path for bridging a spatial distance. The speed reduction gear allows the use of simple and cost-effective drive motors.In a structurally simple embodiment, the transmission path includes a belt drive. Other types of transmission, such as gear drives or the like, are also possible. Furthermore, a movable, and in particular a pivotable, support device can be provided with a pivot axis at least approximately parallel to the axis of rotation of the at least one brush disc. For example, spring-loaded support is achieved via a pivot bearing. In one embodiment, the support device includes a roller which is fixed to the motor unit via a holder.

[0022] Road construction involves building roads and paths from various materials such as asphalt, concrete, paving stones, large-format paving slabs, or unbound materials (e.g., gravel) (surface course and base course). Larger projects typically use a paver for asphalt roads and a concrete paver or slipform paver for concrete roads. Smaller construction projects and repairs are often carried out manually.

[0023] Important points in road construction are: Selection of the machinery used, selection of the material used, consideration of environmental conditions (temperature, rain, etc.), sufficient compaction at the correct asphalt temperature.

[0024] As the preceding assessment of the state of the art demonstrates, a multitude of differently designed milling machines, joint cutters, or grinding machines are known, some as attachments. As a rule, their design does not allow for good visibility during the machining process; in particular, the desired angle setting or adjustment cannot be made with direct visual control and with high precision, and as attachments, they only permit wide turning or straight-line travel. Furthermore, it can be stated that in the technical field of road construction, especially with regard to joint milling machines, no solution to the coupling problem is known.

[0025] Typically, the drive systems use a metal friction wheel, which is pressed against the rubber tire by the operator. This means that the metal roller slips on the rubber tire in wet conditions, and wear on both the tire and the friction wheel is high. Furthermore, climbing inclines is difficult; it requires dry conditions and the operator must assist by pulling. This is already a challenging task, and it becomes three times more difficult when the road or hill is wet. This is particularly significant because the road construction machinery industry is considered a progressive, innovation-driven industry that quickly adopts and implements improvements and simplifications.

[0026] Magnetic couplings, in particular the electromagnetic coupling, the magnetic powder coupling, the magnetorheological fluid coupling and the contactless magnetic coupling, have been known for a long time (see, for example, the encyclopedia Wikipedia).

[0027] Permanent magnet couplings are state of the art in pumps and agitators today due to their contactless and leak-free torque transmission.

[0028] The single-disc dry clutch is mainly installed in motor vehicles to disconnect and connect the power flow between an engine and transmission during starting or gear changes, and to equalize the speed between the engine output and the transmission input.

[0029] Magnetic couplings, used as safety couplings, safety brakes, or shaft couplings, can be found in, among other things, Filling plants, machine tools, packaging machines and printing presses, as well as in elevators, wind turbines and stage technology.

[0030] The invention is based on the objective of further developing known mobile joint milling or cutting devices in such a way that the user is provided with an easy-to-handle device for asphalt and / or joint repair with reliable dust extraction during dry cutting, which is easy to operate, especially with one hand, and at the same time safe.

[0031] This task is accomplished, according to claim 1, by a joint milling or cutting device with a motor-driven milling disc or cutting blade and a self-propelled drive for dry cutting in surfaces with: a two-part, three-track chassis, wherein the front part has a drive wheel and the rear part has two coaxially spaced wheels on an axle, an internal combustion engine arranged in the rear part above the axle of the wheels, an electric motor with gearbox connected to an accumulator, a magnetic clutch which is coupled to the electric motor and the drive wheel and a guide rod extending approximately vertically above the drive wheel, which at its free end carries a horizontally extending steering rod with two hand grips and attached operating levers for a hydraulic disc brake and a dead man's switch.

[0032] Furthermore, this problem is solved by a method for controlling a joint milling or cutting device with an internal combustion engine, an electric motor connected to an accumulator, a magnetic coupling, a steering rod and a drive wheel attached to the steering rod according to claim 1 with a method according to claim 14, in which the user performs the following method steps: a) Electrically starting the combustion engine, b) Adjusting the speed of the combustion engine using a hand throttle potentiometer, c) Checking whether a potentiometer for the milling speed is at zero, d) Activating a dead man's switch, turning the potentiometer and checking on a display whether the desired milling speed has been reached, e) Activating a switch for the drive of the drive wheel and f) Releasing the dead man's switch to end milling, thereby switching off the electric motor and the magnetic clutch acting as a locking brake, such that one-handed operation of the joint milling or cutting device is enabled.

[0033] The joint milling or cutting device according to the invention and the method for controlling it have the advantage that safe one-handed operation of the device by the user is possible even under difficult ambient conditions and environmental influences. The arrangement of only three wheels on the device achieves high maneuverability, so that, for example, cutting or milling all around an Ø 800 mm manhole cover is no problem.

[0034] Further advantages and details can be found in the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawing. The drawing shows: Fig. 1 shows a perspective view from the side, right, of an embodiment of a joint milling or cutting device according to the invention; Fig. 2 shows a perspective view from the side, left, of the device. Fig. 1 , Fig. 3 a partial view of the device according to Fig. 1 oblique view from behind, Fig. 4 a partial view of one embodiment of the steering rod and Fig. 4 the steering rod after Fig. 4 side view from the right, Fig. 5 an embodiment for a cyclone separation device, Fig. 6 an embodiment for a protective hood and in detail a manually operated depth adjustment, Fig. 7 in perspective view an embodiment for a crack guide on the protective hood according to Fig. 6 , Fig. 8 the front of the protective cover after Fig. 6 Fig. 9 the back of the protective cover Fig. 6 Fig. 10 shows an embodiment for an operating and display device, Fig. 11 shows a side view from the left, looking from the front part of the chassis. Fig. 1 Removed parts in detail, Fig. 12 in side view from the right, looking from the front part of the chassis towards Fig. 1 Removed parts in detail, Fig. 13 in perspective view obliquely from behind the arrangement of a level sensor on the cyclone separator device according to Fig. 5 , Fig. 14 in perspective view obliquely from behind the design of the depth adjustment, the combustion engine and the arrangement of the emergency switch of the device according to Fig. 1 In detail, Fig. 15in exploded view of an embodiment for a negative pressure fan of the device according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 16 in top view an embodiment for a hose connection in the cyclone separation device according to Fig. 5 .

[0035] Fig. 1 bis Fig. 15 show an embodiment of a joint milling or cutting device F according to the invention. The partial views according to Fig. 4 bis 14 and Fig. 16 as well as by exploded view according to Fig. 15 The relationship between the parts of the device and their position is clarified, and the structure of the parts of device F can also be shown.

[0036] Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 Figures 1 show, in perspective view from the right and from the left, an embodiment of the joint milling or cutting device F according to the invention.

[0037] The joint milling or cutting device F shown in the drawing has a motor-driven milling disc or cutting blade and a self-propelled drive for dry cutting in surfaces. Specifically, a two-part, three-track chassis is provided, with the front part having a drive wheel 2a (see Fig. 1 , Fig. 2 , Fig. 3 , Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 ) and the rear part two wheels 8, 9 arranged coaxially at a distance from each other on an axle (see Fig. 1 , Fig. 2 , Fig. 3 , Fig. 6 ). In the rear section, an internal combustion engine 7 is arranged above the axle of the wheels 8, 9, and an electric motor 6 with gearbox, connected to an accumulator (not shown in the drawing), is also provided. A magnetic clutch 10 (see Fig. 12 The drive wheel 2a is coupled. A rubber band on the drive wheel 2a is characterized by its high load-bearing capacity and durability, and provides excellent grip on the surface. The magnetic coupling 10 is a friction coupling, preferably lapped in, and thus has approximately 90% of its power output. Since the joint milling or cutting device F operates at low speed, but the magnetic coupling 10 requires 100% power for milling / cutting, only a maximum power of 50% is available during operation. This is sufficient, however, because the electric motor 6 with gearbox has a power output of 14 Nm, and approximately 22 Nm is available at 50% power of the magnetic coupling. Preferably, a 24V electric motor 6 is provided for the drive. The power is transmitted to the wheel axle via a gear ratio of approximately 1:3.To interrupt the power transmission, particularly during adjustment, repositioning, or successive short cuts, a magnetic coupling 10, preferably a 12V or 24V magnetic coupling 10, is installed according to the invention. This magnetic coupling 10 allows the drive to be easily switched on and off. Preferably, control electronics connected to the magnetic coupling 10 are provided for the slow acceleration and deceleration of the drive wheel 2a.

[0038] Above the drive wheel 2a, a guide rod 28 extending almost vertically is provided, which at its free end carries a horizontally extending steering rod 29 with two hand grips and attached actuating levers 1 for a hydraulic disc brake 1a and a dead man's switch 5 (see Fig. 4 und Fig. 4a ). The front part is connected to the rear part of the chassis via a horizontally pivotable swivel joint 3 (see Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 ).

[0039] Furthermore, the joint milling or cutting device F has a cyclone separation device which comprises a coarse dust vortex cyclone 22 with an associated dust container 21 and a fine dust cyclone 25 with an internal fine filter (see Fig. 2 Preferably, a coarse dust pre-filter 26 is arranged in the air intake tract of the combustion engine 7 in relation to its air filter (see Fig. 5 A fill level sensor 24 is arranged on the dust container 21 (see Fig. 13 ).

[0040] The joint milling or cutting device F has a battery (not shown in the drawing) and the combustion engine 7 charges it by means of a charging coil (not shown in the drawing). The steering rod 29 carries a control device on which a potentiometer 2 for adjusting the milling speed is arranged (see Fig. 4 ) and furthermore, an operating and display device 23 is arranged on the rear part of the chassis (see Fig. 10 ) with a display for speed indication. The operating and display device 23 has an operating hours counter 12, an emergency / stop button 13, a USB charging socket 14, LED flashing lights 15, a charging indicator light 18, an engine oil indicator light 19, an on / off switch 17 for the flashing lights 15 and a hand throttle potentiometer 16 for the speed of the internal combustion engine 7.

[0041] A manually operated depth adjustment 27 for a milling disc, preferably designed as a diamond disc, is arranged at the rear of the chassis. The internal combustion engine 7 drives a vacuum fan 30 (see Fig. 15 The negative pressure fan 30 preferably comprises a bearing block 31, a fan shaft 32, a vane fan 33, an intake nozzle 34 (flexible and made of PVC), a cone 35 (made of aluminum), and two spacers 36. The cone 35 is positioned at the inlet of the housing such that, in conjunction with the vane fan 33, it generates an effective air vortex, thereby increasing the airflow and the resulting negative pressure. The two spacers 36 clamp the vane fan 33 and thus set it in rotation by the fan shaft 32.

[0042] Fig. 6 bis 9 Figure 1 shows a detailed design for a protective hood 46. The protective hood 46 includes a polyurethane roller 48, screws 49 (preferably M8 screws) for depth limitation, a horsehair brush 50, and a visor 51 for optical alignment with the joint.

[0043] Fig. 16 shows in top view an embodiment for a hose connection as a locking system in the cyclone separator device according to Fig. 5 This hose connection, preferably made of aluminum, is a maintenance-free solution and is easy to open and close. The hose connection comprises a female coupling 40, a male plug 44, a lever 41, and a receptacle 42 for an operating aid 43, the operating aid 43 being secured in the receptacle 42 (hole) by means of a lever lock 52 (spring clip). To open the connection, only the two levers 41 of the female coupling 40 need to be opened, and the counterpart is released from the coupling 40. The same process is repeated on the opposite end of the hose, and the hose connection, for example between a coarse dust vortex cyclone 22 and its associated dust container 21 or the fine dust cyclone 25, is easily disconnected. The two ring-shaped receptacles 42 for the operating aids 43 are designed so that the operator can insert their index finger into them, thus making it easier to open the levers 41.Furthermore, this also serves as a secure storage location for the lever lock 52 (spring pin). If the hose accidentally slips out of the operator's hand and falls to the ground, no pipe sleeve will bend, no hose clamp will break, and no threads will be damaged.

[0044] The joint milling or cutting device F according to the invention is described in more detail below. The device F has, in particular, a 23 hp gasoline injection engine 7. To guarantee a longer service life for the combustion engine 7, a coarse dust pre-filter 26 is installed in the air intake tract of the combustion engine 7, in addition to the existing air filter. This ensures that the coarse dust particles are captured in the coarse dust pre-filter 26, thus relieving the air filter (fine filter) of the combustion engine 7.

[0045] This combustion engine 7 is primarily used to accelerate the cutting shaft to approximately 6000 rpm at a gear ratio of 1:1.7. This speed is required to achieve a good cutting result with the carbide milling disc, preferably a diamond milling disc (not shown in the drawing). In particular, a special solder improves the heat transfer from the cutting diamond to the tool body of the diamond milling disc, resulting in a longer service life. For example, St52-3 is used as the carrier material for the diamond milling discs. Diamond segments are attached to the end face. These segments are welded on using a TIG copper / tin welding rod due to its excellent heat dissipation to the asphalt.

[0046] The combustion engine 7 also drives the vacuum fan 30 via a V-belt. This fan 30 is required to generate the vacuum for suction in both cyclones and ensures that the cutting dust is extracted from the diamond disc. To increase the vacuum (suction pressure), a side channel blower (with a discharge opening) can be used instead of a vacuum fan 30. This increases the vacuum of conventional systems from 0.15 bar to up to 0.4 bar, resulting in a significantly higher suction performance in conjunction with the protective hood 46.

[0047] Dust is drawn from the protective hood 46, which is mounted above the diamond disc and extends to near the (road) surface by means of the horsehair brush 50, into the coarse dust vortex cyclone 22. The horsehair brush 50 (for a tight seal between the asphalt and the protective cover) can be easily changed by the operator using a locking system. Furthermore, the protective hood 46 above the milling disc, which is designed as a diamond disc, can be automatically lowered by means of the control electronics, preferably a program-controlled processor, of the joint milling or cutting device F according to the invention. Here, the operator only needs to set the desired height of the protective hood 46 once; thereafter, the desired setting is automatically adjusted each time.

[0048] During operation, the milling dust is sucked at high speed into the coarse dust vortex cyclone 22, where it encounters a 5 mm thick stainless steel (V2A) plate that prevents rapid wear of the cyclone. The dust is then transported downwards in the vortex into the dust container / coarse dust bin 21. The coarse dust particles remain in the dust container 21, while the finer particles are drawn into the fine dust cyclone 25 by the prevailing negative pressure, where they also encounter a 2 mm thick stainless steel (V2A) wear plate. The finer particles are trapped by the fine filter and some fall onto the filter base. In practice, the dust container / coarse dust bin 21 must be emptied after approximately 80 m of jointing, and the filter in the fine dust cyclone 25 should be tapped out every 160 m to 240 m. Care must be taken to tap the filter gently to avoid damaging the filter material.The fan hose / hose connection is attached to the fine filter cover of the fine dust cyclone 25. All hose connections are designed with the locking system described above. When the coarse dust bin 21 is full, the fill level sensor 24 emits an acoustic signal, for example, at 105 dB. This signal stops as soon as the coarse dust bin 21 is removed from its holder and emptied.

[0049] The combustion engine 7 has a third task: it supplies the battery / accumulator with sufficient power. The 16A charging coil ensures an adequate power supply.

[0050] The battery / accumulator, specifically a 12V / 35Ah battery, is responsible for starting the combustion engine 7. Once the combustion engine 7 is started, the battery's primary function is to provide sufficient electrical energy for the drive system. The drive system is therefore dependent on the available electrical energy from the battery / accumulator. To start the drive system, the ignition on the combustion engine 7 must be switched on. Then, switch 4 on the control lever must be activated, and potentiometer 2 must be in the "0" position. If the operator now presses the dead man's switch 5 with one hand (which also serves as a safety device), they can then easily turn potentiometer 2 with their other hand until the machine reaches the desired speed. The optimal cutting speed is achieved when the machine accelerates to approximately 3-4 m / min.The operator can read this information on the speed display. This speed reading is important to ensure a long service life for the tool, especially a diamond-tipped milling disc. If the cutting speed is set too high without proper control, the diamond disc will wear out much faster. Since this represents a significant cost factor, a distance meter 11a (see...) is preferably used. Fig. 12 ) and a distance display 11 (see Fig. 10 ) installed. Next to it is the digital operating hours counter 12. The operator thus always has one hand free for the required settings and changes to the joint milling or cutting device F according to the invention, thereby achieving optimal one-handed operation.

[0051] The drive system is preferably powered by a 24V brushed DC geared motor 6, with torque outputs of either 14 Nm or 27 Nm. This provides 100% traction and eliminates slippage. Both motors thus have sufficient power to effortlessly handle inclines exceeding 10%. To enable the machine to be pushed smoothly even when idling, to create a slip-free power connection to the drive wheel 2a, and to provide a parking brake, a magnetic clutch 10 is used. This magnetic clutch 10 has sufficient force to act as a parking brake when the combustion engine 7 is switched off. Furthermore, the magnetic clutch 10 acts as an anti-lock brake when the operator releases the deadman's switch 5 for any reason. The circuit is configured so that the deadman's switch 5 automatically interrupts the current flow to the brushed DC geared motor 6.

[0052] The odometer 11a is mounted inside the drive wheel 2a, which has a rubber band. This location was deliberately chosen to be so hidden in order to prevent mechanical damage from the outside.

[0053] To ensure that the joint milling or cutting device F according to the invention is always under the necessary control when working on hillsides or during relocation, a hydraulic disc brake 1a was installed. This disc brake 1a is also capable of securely holding the device F on inclines and thus also functions as a mechanical parking brake. A locking lever is engaged by means of the actuating lever 1, and the device F is therefore just as secure as with the electric parking brake / magnetic clutch 10, but has the advantage of not requiring any electricity. This is advantageous if the joint milling or cutting device F is left unattended for an extended period and the accumulator / battery could fail, causing the magnetic clutch 10 to lose power and the device F to roll uncontrollably.

[0054] For the safety of the operating personnel, LED flashing lights 15 are installed on four sides for maximum safety in the work area and are approved according to ECE standards. These LED flashing lights 15 can be switched on and off as needed. The switch 17 for this is installed on the operating and display unit 23, as is the emergency stop button 13.

[0055] To ensure constant accessibility for the operator of the joint milling or cutting device F according to the invention, and also for the operator's communication, a USB charging socket 14 is installed. The operator can easily charge their mobile phone here to always have sufficient battery power; this provides security even in the event of an emergency. The power supply to the components of the joint milling or cutting device F according to the invention, in particular the electric motor 6 (with gearbox), the ignition of the combustion engine 7, the magnetic clutch 10, the operating and display device 23, the USB charging socket 14, the LED flashing lights 15, the odometer 11a, the odometer 11, the digital hour meter 12, the charge indicator 18, the engine oil level indicator 19 of the combustion engine 7, the level sensor 24 and the control electronics / processor, is provided via flexible cables connected to the accumulator / battery.

[0056] In summary, the following process steps are performed by the user when operating the joint milling or cutting device F according to the invention: a) electrically starting the combustion engine 7, b) adjusting the speed of the combustion engine 7 using the hand throttle potentiometer 16, c) checking whether the potentiometer 2 for the milling speed is at zero, d) activating the dead man's switch 5, turning the potentiometer 2 and checking on the display whether the desired milling speed has been reached, e) activating the switch 4 for the drive of the drive wheel 2a and f) to end milling, releasing the dead man's switch 5, which switches off the electric motor 6 and engages the magnetic clutch 10 as a locking brake, so that one-handed operation of the joint milling or cutting device F is possible. If the hydraulic disc brake 1a has been applied, it must be released using the operating lever 1 before starting the journey.

[0057] Technical specifications and advantages of the device according to the invention are: 1. Electric drive with one-handed operation. 2. The maneuverable chassis allows for precise cutting of cracks in asphalt. 3. Powerful dust extraction. 4. Infinitely variable speed control via a rotary potentiometer. 5. Highly visible visor for precise aiming of the joint on the protective hood. 6. Integrated flashing light to reduce accidents and ensure operator safety. 7. Intuitive brake. 8. Manually operated emergency stop switch.

[0058] The invention is not limited to the embodiments shown and described, but is only limited by the patent claims.

[0059] The joint milling or cutting device F according to the invention enables efficient and rapid road repair in road construction with a significantly longer tool life. Compared to the prior art, no dust pollution / environmental pollution from fine dust is to be expected during dry cutting, and road surfaces with gradients of more than 10% can be milled without support and without slippage. Reference symbol list:

[0060] Joint milling or cutting device 1 Hydraulic disc brake operating lever 1a Hydraulic disc brake (brake) 2 Potentiometer (milling speed) 2a Drive wheel with rubber tire 3 Swivel joint for the drive 4 Switch (operating lever) for the drive 5 Dead man's switch (drive off, magnetic clutch still energized) 6 Electric motor with gearbox 7 Internal combustion engine 8 Wheel with rubber tire 9 Aluminum wheel (solid material) 10 Magnetic clutch 11 Distance display 11a Distance meter 12 Operating hours counter13 digital EMERGENCY / OFF button 14 USB charging socket 15 LED flashing lights 16 Hand throttle potentiometer for speed (internal combustion engine 7) 17 On / Off switch (flashing lights 15) 18 Charging indicator 19 Engine oil indicator (internal combustion engine 7) 21 Dust container (coarse dust bucket) 22 Coarse dust vortex cyclone 23 Operating and display device 24 Level sensor 25 Fine dust cyclone with internal fine filter 26 Coarse dust pre-filter 27 Depth adjustment tool (diamond disc) 28 Guide rod 29 Steering rod 30 Vacuum fan 31 Bearing block 32 Fan shaft 33 Vane fan 34 Intake nozzle (made of PVC) 35 Cone (aluminum) 36 Spacers 40 Coupling (female) 41 Lever 42 Mount (ring-shaped for operating aid 43) 43 Operating aid (and receptacle for lever lock 52) 44 Plug (male) 45 Battery disconnect switch / main switch 46 Protective cover 47 Spring-loaded fuse 48 Polyurethane roller 49 M8 screws for depth limiter 50 Horsehair brush 51 Visor (for optical alignment on the joint) 52 Lever lock

Claims

1. A joint milling or cutting device (F) with motor-driven milling disc or cutting blade and self-propelled drive for dry cutting in surfaces, comprising: - a two-part, three-track chassis, the front part having a drive wheel (2a) and the rear part having two coaxially spaced wheels (8, 9) arranged on an axle, - an internal combustion engine (7) arranged in the rear part above the axle of the wheels (8, 9), - an electric motor with gearbox (6) connected to a battery, - a magnetic clutch (10) coupled to the electric motor (6) and the drive wheel (2a), and - a guide rod (28) extending approximately vertically above the drive wheel (2a), which carries at its free end a horizontally extending steering rod (29) with two hand grips and attached operating levers (1) for a hydraulic disc brake (1a) and a dead man's switch (5).

2. The joint milling or cutting device according to claim 1, whereby the front part is connected to the rear part of the chassis via a horizontally pivotable swivel joint (3).

3. The joint milling or cutting device according to one or more of claims 1 to 2, whereby the joint milling or cutting device (F) comprises a cyclone separation device comprising a coarse dust vortex cyclone (22) with an associated dust container (21) and a fine dust cyclone (25) with an internal fine filter, and that the combustion engine (7) drives a negative pressure fan (30).

4. The joint milling or cutting device according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, whereby a coarse dust pre-filter (26) is arranged in the air intake tract of the internal combustion engine (7) in relation to its air filter.

5. The joint milling or cutting device according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, whereby the combustion engine (7) charges the accumulator by means of a charging coil.

6. The joint milling or cutting device according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, whereby the steering rod (29) carries an operating device on which a potentiometer (2) for adjusting the milling speed is arranged and that the joint milling or cutting device has an operating and display device (23) arranged on the rear part of the chassis with a display for indicating the speed.

7. The joint milling or cutting device according to claim 6, whereby a distance meter (11a) is arranged on the drive wheel (2a) and that the operating and display device (23) has a distance display (11).

8. Joint milling or cutting device according to one or more of claims 6 to 7, whereby the operating and display device (23) has an operating hours counter (12), an emergency / stop button (13), a USB charging socket (14), LED flashing lights (15), a charging indicator light (18), an engine oil indicator light (19), an on / off switch (17) for the flashing lights (16) and a hand throttle potentiometer (16) for the speed of the internal combustion engine (7).

9. The joint milling or cutting device according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, whereby a manually operated depth adjustment (27) for the milling disc is arranged on the rear part of the chassis, the milling disc being designed as a diamond disc.

10. The joint milling or cutting device according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, whereby a fill level sensor (24) is arranged on the dust container (21).

11. The joint milling or cutting device according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, whereby a control electronics connected to the magnetic coupling (10) is provided for slowly starting and braking the drive wheel (2a).

12. The joint milling or cutting device according to 11, whereby it has the brake (1a) and the hand-operated operating lever (1) for this purpose.

13. The joint milling or cutting device according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, whereby it has a protective hood (46) and a visor (51) arranged on the protective hood (46).

14. A method for controlling a joint milling or cutting device (F) with a motor-driven milling disc or cutting blade and a self-propelled drive for dry cutting in surfaces, comprising: • a two-part, three-track chassis, wherein the front part has a drive wheel (2a) and the rear part has two wheels (8, 9) arranged coaxially at a distance from each other on an axle, • an internal combustion engine (7) arranged in the rear part above the axle of the wheels (8, 9), • an electric motor with gearbox (6) connected to a battery, • a magnetic clutch (10) coupled to the electric motor (6) and the drive wheel (2a), and • a guide rod (28) extending approximately vertically above the drive wheel (2a), which has at its free end a horizontally extending steering rod (29) with two handles and actuating levers (1) attached thereto for a hydraulic disc brake (1a) and a deadman's switch (5) allows the user to perform the following steps: a) electrically starting the combustion engine (7), b) adjusting the speed of the combustion engine (7) using a hand throttle potentiometer (16), c) checking whether a potentiometer (2) for the milling speed is set to zero, d) activating a deadman's switch (5), turning the potentiometer (2), and checking on a display whether the desired milling speed has been reached, e) activating a switch (4) for the drive of the drive wheel (2a), and f) releasing the deadman's switch (5) to stop milling, thereby switching off the electric motor (6) and engaging the magnetic clutch (10) as a locking brake, enabling one-handed operation of the joint milling or cutting device (F).

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized by step e1), in that the user releases a brake (1a) by means of an actuating lever (1).